| diversity and selective sweep in the osamt1;1 genomic region of rice. | ammonium is one of the major forms in which nitrogen is available for plant growth. osamt1;1 is a high-affinity ammonium transporter in rice (oryza sativa l.), responsible for ammonium uptake at low nitrogen concentration. the expression pattern of the gene has been reported. however, variations in its nucleotides and the evolutionary pathway of its descent from wild progenitors are yet to be elucidated. in this study, nucleotide diversity of the gene osamt1;1 and the diversity pattern of seven ... | 2011 | 21385389 |
| zinc absorption from low phytic acid genotypes of maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.) assessed in a suckling rat pup model. | dietary phytic acid is a major causative factor for low zn bioavailability in many cereal- and legume-based diets. the bioavailability of zn in seed of low phytic acid (lpa) variants of maize ( zea mays l.), rice ( oryza sativa l.), and barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) was evaluated using a suckling rat pup model. suckling rat pups (14 days old, n = 6-8/treatment) were fasted for 6 h and intubated with (65)zn-radiolabeled suspensions prepared using seed produced by either wild-type (normal phytic ac ... | 2011 | 21417220 |
| rice root-associated bacteria: insights into community structures across 10 cultivars. | in this study, the effects of plant genotype, soil type and nutrient use efficiency on the composition of different bacterial communities associated with rice roots were investigated. thus, total bacteria, alpha- and betaproteobacteria, pseudomonas and actinobacteria were studied using pcr, followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). rice genotype determined, to a large extent, the composition of the different bacterial communities across cultivars. several cultivars belongin ... | 2011 | 21426364 |
| determination of folate content in rice germplasm (oryza sativa l.) using tri-enzyme extraction and microbiological assays. | nutritional deficiencies of folate cause neural tube defects and several other diseases. the tri-enzyme method and microbiological assays were used to investigate folate variation in 78 rice germplasms. the effects of storage and cooking on folate content were also analyzed. folate contents of brown rice varied substantially from 13.3 to 111.4-á++g/100-ág, whereas milled rice varied from 10.3 to 77.7-á++g/100-ág. four cultivars from south china with high folate levels were identified in both sub ... | 2011 | 21438705 |
| antifungal activity of wickerhamomyces anomalus and lactobacillus plantarum during sourdough fermentation: identification of novel compounds and long-term effect during storage of wheat bread. | this study aimed at investigating the antifungal activity of wickerhamomyces anomalus and sourdough lactic acid bacteria to extend the shelf life of wheat flour bread. the antifungal activity was assayed by agar diffusion, growth rate inhibition, and conidial germination assays, using penicillium roqueforti dppmaf1 as the indicator fungus. sourdough fermented by lactobacillus plantarum 1a7 (s1a7) and dough fermented by w. anomalus lcf1695 (d1695) were selected and characterized. the water/salt-s ... | 2011 | 21441340 |
| genetic interaction of osmads3, drooping leaf, and osmads13 in specifying rice floral organ identities and meristem determinacy. | grass plants develop unique floral patterns that determine grain production. however, the molecular mechanism underlying the specification of floral organ identities and meristem determinacy, including the interaction among floral homeotic genes, remains largely unknown in grasses. here, we report the interactions of rice (oryza sativa) floral homeotic genes, osmads3 (a c-class gene), osmads13 (a d-class gene), and drooping leaf (dl), in specifying floral organ identities and floral meristem det ... | 2011 | 21444646 |
| mutations in the f-box gene larger panicle improve the panicle architecture and enhance the grain yield in rice. | panicle architecture is one of the most important agronomical traits that directly contribute to grain yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). we report herein an in-depth characterization of two allelic larger panicle (lp) mutants that show significantly increased panicle size as well as improved plant architecture. morphological analyses reveal that panicles of two mutants produced more inflorescence branches, especially the primary branches, and contained more grains. moreover, mutant plants also di ... | 2011 | 21447055 |
| transgenic rice expressing amyloid ß-peptide for oral immunization. | various vaccine therapies for alzheimer's disease (ad) have been investigated. here we report transgenic rice expressing amyloid ß-peptide (aß). the aß42 gene fused with a green fluorescent protein gene was introduced into rice using the agrobacterium method. when transgenic brown rice expressing aß was orally administered to mice, serum anti-aß antibody titers were elevated. the same results were observed when mice were fed boiled, transgenic brown rice. the results indicate that an edible vacc ... | 2011 | 21448341 |
| integration of crop rotation and arbuscular mycorrhiza (am) inoculum application for enhancing am activity to improve phosphorus nutrition and yield of upland rice (oryza sativa l.). | upland rice (oryza sativa l.) is a major crop of eastern india grown during the wet season (june/july to september/october). aerobic soils of the upland rice system, which are acidic and inherently phosphorus (p) limiting, support native arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) activity. attempts were made to improve p nutrition of upland rice by exploiting this natural situation through different crop rotations and application of am fungal (amf) inoculum. the effect of a 2-year crop rotation of maize (zea m ... | 2011 | 21448812 |
| overexpression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene osmapk33 enhances sensitivity to salt stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) signalling cascades are activated by extracellular stimuli such as environmental stresses and pathogens in higher eukaryotic plants. to know more about mapk signalling in plants, amapk cdna clone, osmapk33, was isolated from rice. the gene is mainly induced by drought stress. in phylogenetic analysis, osmapk33 (os02g0148100) showed approximately 47-93% identity at the amino acid level with other plant mapks. it was found to exhibit organ-specific expressi ... | 2011 | 21451255 |
| rice apoptosis inhibitor5 coupled with two dead-box adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent rna helicases regulates tapetum degeneration. | programmed cell death (pcd) during tapetum degeneration in postmeiotic anthers is critical for the proper development of male gametophytes in flowering plants. although several genes involved in this process have been identified recently, the molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. here, we show that knockout of rice (oryza sativa) apoptosis inhibitor5 (api5), which encodes a putative homolog of antiapoptosis protein api5 in animals, results in delayed degeneration of the tapetum due to ... | 2011 | 21467577 |
| the interconversion of udp-arabinopyranose and udp-arabinofuranose is indispensable for plant development in arabidopsis. | l-ara, an important constituent of plant cell walls, is found predominantly in the furanose rather than in the thermodynamically more stable pyranose form. nucleotide sugar mutases have been demonstrated to interconvert udp-l-arabinopyranose (udp-arap) and udp-l-arabinofuranose (udp-araf) in rice (oryza sativa). these enzymes belong to a small gene family encoding the previously named reversibly glycosylated proteins (rgps). rgps are plant-specific cytosolic proteins that tend to associate with ... | 2011 | 21478444 |
| expression analysis of the nucleocytoplasmic lectin 'orysata' from rice in pichia pastoris. | the oryza sativa lectin, abbreviated orysata, is a mannose-specific, jacalin-related lectin expressed in rice plants after exposure to certain stress conditions. expression of a fusion construct containing the rice lectin sequence linked to enhanced green fluorescent protein in bright yellow 2 tobacco cells revealed that orysata is located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the plant cell, indicating that it belongs to the class of nucleocytoplasmic jacalin-related lectins. since the expression ... | 2011 | 21481190 |
| a conserved cysteine motif is critical for rice ceramide kinase activity and function. | ceramide kinase (cerk) is a key regulator of cell survival in dicotyledonous plants and animals. much less is known about the roles of cerk and ceramides in mediating cellular processes in monocot plants. here, we report the characterization of a ceramide kinase, oscerk, from rice (oryza sativa spp. japonica cv. nipponbare) and investigate the effects of ceramides on rice cell viability. | 2011 | 21483860 |
| rice osnar2.1 interacts with osnrt2.1, osnrt2.2 and osnrt2.3a nitrate transporters to provide uptake over high and low concentration ranges. | plants take up both nitrate and ammonium as main nitrogen (n) sources. although ammonium is the predominant form in anaerobic-flooded paddy soil, it has been proposed that rice and other wetland plants may take up significant amounts of nitrate formed by nitrification of ammonium in the rhizosphere. a two-component system for nitrate transport including nrt2s with a partner protein (nar2 or nrt3.1) has been identified in arabidopsis. we report the physiological function of another member of the ... | 2011 | 21486304 |
| the bphi008a gene interacts with the ethylene pathway and transcriptionally regulates mapk genes in the response of rice to brown planthopper feeding. | we examined ways in which the brown planthopper induced008a (bphi008a; ay256682) gene of rice (oryza sativa) enhances the plant's resistance to a specialist herbivore, the brown planthopper (bph; nilaparvata lugens). measurement of the expression levels of ethylene synthases and of ethylene emissions showed that bph feeding rapidly initiated the ethylene signaling pathway and up-regulated bphi008a transcript levels after 6 to 96 h of feeding. in contrast, blocking ethylene transduction (using 1- ... | 2011 | 21487048 |
| crystal structure of the branching enzyme i (bei) from oryza sativa l with implications for catalysis and substrate binding. | starch branching enzyme (sbe) catalyzes the cleavage of α-1,4-linkages and the subsequent transfer of α-1,4 glucan to form an α-1,6 branch point in amylopectin. sequence analysis of the rice branching enzyme i (bei) indicated a modular structure in which the central α-amylase domain is flanked on each side by the n-terminal carbohydrate binding module (cbm48) and the α-amylase c-domain. we determined the crystal structure of bei at a resolution of 1.9 å by molecular replacement using the escheri ... | 2011 | 21493662 |
| biochemical and structural properties of cyanases from arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. | cyanate is toxic to all organisms. cyanase converts cyanate to co₂ and nh₃ in a bicarbonate-dependent reaction. the biophysical functions and biochemical characteristics of plant cyanases are poorly studied, although it has been investigated in a variety of proteobacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi. in this study, we characterised plant cyanases from arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa (atcyn and oscyn). prokaryotic-expressed atcyn and oscyn both showed cyanase activity in vitro. temperature had ... | 2011 | 21494323 |
| freshwater toxic cyanobacteria induced dna damage in apple (malus pumila), rape (brassica napus) and rice (oryza sativa). | cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems can present a harmful effect on growth and development of plants through irrigation with contaminated water. in this study, the effects of microcystins (mcs)-containing cyanobacteria extract (ce) on dna damage of apple, rape and rice were investigated to explore the phytotoxic mechanism of mcs through dna fragmentation and rapd analysis. determination of dna fragmentation by fluorescent dye dapi showed that significant dna damage was observed in rice seedli ... | 2011 | 21497440 |
| improved agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation and selectable marker elimination in transgenic rice by using a high copy number pbin19-derived binary vector. | a high copy number, selectable marker gene (smg)-free agrobacterium binary vector pbin19δnptii was constructed by deleting the nptii gene from pbin19. the binary vectors with the rk2 and pvs replication origins exist in 12 and 3 copies, respectively, in agrobacterium. the tobacco osmotin gene (ap24) was cloned in pbin19δnptii and the resultant plasmid pbin19δnptii-ap24 was mobilized into the agrobacterium tumefaciens strain c58c1 rif(r) harbouring the single-copy cointegrate vector pgv2260::pssj ... | 2011 | 21497712 |
| phosphate transporter gene, ospht1;8, is involved in phosphate homeostasis in rice. | plant phosphate transporters (pts) are active in the uptake of inorganic phosphate (pi) from the soil and it's translocation within the plant. here, we report on the biological properties and physiological roles of ospht1;8 (ospt8), one of the pts belonging to the pht1 family in rice (oryza sativa l.). expression of gus (£-glucuronidase) & gfp (green fluorescent protein) reporter gene driven by ospt8 promoter showed that ospt8 is expressed in various tissue organs from roots to seeds independent ... | 2011 | 21502185 |
| identification of a cis-acting element of art1, a c2h2-type zinc-finger transcription factor for aluminum tolerance in rice. | rice (oryza sativa) is one of the most aluminum (al)-tolerant species among small-grain cereals. recent identification of a transcription factor al resistance transcription factor1 (art1) revealed that this high al tolerance in rice is achieved by multiple genes involved in detoxification of al at different cellular levels. art1 is a c2h2-type zinc-finger transcription factor and regulates the expression of 31 genes in the downstream. in this study, we attempted to identify a cis-acting element ... | 2011 | 21502187 |
| gc-biased gene conversion and selection affect gc content in the oryza genus (rice). | base composition varies among and within eukaryote genomes. while mutational bias and selection have initially been invoked, more recently gc-biased gene conversion (gbgc) has been proposed to play a central role in shaping nucleotide landscapes, especially in yeast, mammals, and birds. gbgc is a kind of meiotic drive in favor of g and c alleles, associated with recombination. previous studies have also suggested that gbgc could be at work in grass genomes. however, these studies were carried on ... | 2011 | 21504892 |
| purple rice berry is neuroprotective and enhances cognition in a rat model of alzheimer's disease. | abstract alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment, is the most common type of dementia in aging populations due to severe loss of cholinergic neurons in a specific area. oxidative stress is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition. therefore, the cognition-enhancing and neuroprotective effects of rice berry (oryza sativa), a purple-pigmented rice that is rich in antioxidant substances, was evaluated. youn ... | 2011 | 21510741 |
| characterization of recombinant β-amylases from oryza sativa. | four putative β-amylase genes found in the oryza sativa cdna sequence database (kome) were expressed in escherichia coli. recombinant proteins from two of these genes showed β-amylase activity. similarly to β-amylases from other plants, the optimum ph of the recombinant rice β-amylases was about 5.5-6.0, but they exhibited inferior heat stability to soybean β-amylase. | 2011 | 21512221 |
| arsenic biotransformation and volatilization in transgenic rice. | • biotransformation of arsenic includes oxidation, reduction, methylation, and conversion to more complex organic arsenicals. members of the class of arsenite (as(iii)) s-adenosylmethyltransferase enzymes catalyze as(iii) methylation to a variety of mono-, di-, and trimethylated species, some of which are less toxic than as(iii) itself. however, no methyltransferase gene has been identified in plants. • here, an arsm gene from the soil bacterium rhodopseudomonas palustris was expressed in japoni ... | 2011 | 21517874 |
| chemical residence time and hydrological conditions influence treatment of fipronil in vegetated aquatic mesocosms. | fipronil, a phenyl-pyrazole insecticide, is often used in rice (oryza sativa l.) production agriculture, with elevated runoff concentrations and loads having potential toxicological effects on downstream aquatic environments. this study evaluated two species of aquatic plants-broadleaf cattail (typha latifolia l.) and powdery alligator-flag (thalia dealbata fraser ex roscoe)-placed in series against a nonvegetated mesocosm in reducing concentrations and loads of fipronil, and associated metaboli ... | 2011 | 21520763 |
| the crystal structure of rice (oryza sativa l.) os4bglu12, an oligosaccharide and tuberonic acid glucoside-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase with significant thioglucohydrolase activity. | rice os4bglu12, a glycoside hydrolase family 1 (gh1) β-glucosidase, hydrolyzes β-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides of 3-6 glucosyl residues and the β-(1,3)-linked disaccharide laminaribiose, as well as certain glycosides. the crystal structures of apo os4bglu12, and its complexes with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxyl-2-fluoroglucoside (dnp2fg) and 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglucose (g2f) were solved at 2.50, 2.45 and 2.40å resolution, respectively. the overall structure of rice os4bglu12 is typical of gh1 enzymes, b ... | 2011 | 21521631 |
| towards establishment of a rice stress response interactome. | rice (oryza sativa) is a staple food for more than half the world and a model for studies of monocotyledonous species, which include cereal crops and candidate bioenergy grasses. a major limitation of crop production is imposed by a suite of abiotic and biotic stresses resulting in 30%-60% yield losses globally each year. to elucidate stress response signaling networks, we constructed an interactome of 100 proteins by yeast two-hybrid (y2h) assays around key regulators of the rice biotic and abi ... | 2011 | 21533176 |
| molecular evidence for a single evolutionary origin of domesticated rice. | asian rice, oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest and most important crop species. rice is believed to have been domesticated ∼9,000 y ago, although debate on its origin remains contentious. a single-origin model suggests that two main subspecies of asian rice, indica and japonica, were domesticated from the wild rice o. rufipogon. in contrast, the multiple independent domestication model proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of the species ... | 2011 | 21536870 |
| silicon-induced brown spot resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | | 2011 | 21539216 |
| application of gene targeting to designed mutation breeding of high-tryptophan rice. | site-directed mutagenesis via gene targeting (gt) based on homologous recombination is the ultimate mutation breeding technology because it enables useful information acquired from structural- and computational-based protein engineering to be applied directly to molecular breeding, including metabolic engineering, of crops. here, we employed this rationale to introduce precise mutations in oasa2-a key enzyme of tryptophan (trp) biosynthesis in rice-via gt, with subsequent selection of gt cells u ... | 2011 | 21543727 |
| osccamk genotype determines bacterial communities in rice roots under paddy and upland field conditions. | the effects of osccamk genotype (dominant homozygous, d; heterozygous, h; recessive homozygous, r) on rice root-associated bacteria, including endophytes and epiphytes, were examined by using a tos17 rice mutant line under paddy and upland field conditions. roots were sampled at flowering stage and were subjected to clone library analyses. the relative abundance of alphaproteobacteria was noticeably decreased in r plants under both paddy and upland conditions (0.8% and 3.0%, respectively) relati ... | 2011 | 21551283 |
| analyses of two rice (oryza sativa) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and effects of transgenic expression of osiick6 on plant growth and development. | background and aims plants have a family of proteins referred to as icks (inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk) or krps (kip-related proteins) that function to regulate the activities of cdk. knowledge of these plant cdk inhibitors has been gained mostly from studies of selected members in dicotyledonous plants, particularly arabidopsis. much remains to be learned regarding the differences among various members of the ick/krp family, and regarding the function and regulation of these prote ... | 2011 | 21558459 |
| functional incorporation of sorghum small subunit increases the catalytic turnover rate of rubisco in transgenic rice. | ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) limits photosynthetic co2 fixation because of its low catalytic turnover rate (kcat) and competing oxygenase reaction. previous attempts to improve the catalytic efficiency of rubisco by genetic engineering have gained little progress. here we demonstrate that the introduction of the small subunit (rbcs) of high kcat rubisco from the c4 plant sorghum (sorghum bicolor) significantly enhances kcat of rubisco in transgenic rice (oryza sativa ... | 2011 | 21562335 |
| a new set of universal de novo sequencing primers for extensive coverage of noncoding chloroplast dna: new opportunities for phylogenetic studies and cpssr discovery. | we present a new set of universal de novo sequencing primers targeting noncoding chloroplast dna. the set of 107 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers span approximately 86% of the noncoding nucleotides in the large single copy region of nicotiana tabacum, oryza sativa and the orchid phalaenopsis aphrodite. pcr tests confirmed the primers are effective in a wide range of monocots and dicots. more than 19.5 kb of cpdna sequence was obtained across representative orchid genera with up to 82 chlo ... | 2009 | 21564742 |
| rice seeds as sources of endophytic bacteria. | endophytic bacteria are considered to originate from the external environment. to examine the hypothesis that rice (oryza sativa, cultivar kinuhikari) seeds are a source of endophytic bacteria, we isolated endophytic bacteria from the shoots, remains of the seeds, and roots of rice seedlings that were aseptically cultivated in vitro from surface-disinfected seeds. of the various bacterial strains isolated, the closest relatives, identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing, were: bacillus firmus, b. f ... | 2009 | 21566368 |
| rapid evolutionary divergence and ecotypic diversification of germination behavior in weedy rice populations. | • feral plants have evolved from well-studied crops, providing good systems for elucidation of how weediness evolves. as yet, they have been largely neglected for this purpose. the evolution of weediness can occur by simple back mutations in domestication genes (domestication in reverse). whether the evolutionary steps to weediness always occur in reverse remains largely unknown. • we examined seed germination behavior in recently evolved weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations and th ... | 2011 | 21569036 |
| prin, a predicted rice interactome network. | abstract: background: protein-protein interactions play a fundamental role in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of biomolecular function, signal transductions and metabolic pathways of living organisms. although high-throughput technologies such as yeast two-hybrid system and tandem mass spectrometry are widely used in model organisms, the progress of protein-protein interactions detection in plants is rather slow. with this motivation, our work presents a computational approach to predict pr ... | 2011 | 21575196 |
| double repression of soluble starch synthase genes ssiia and ssiiia in rice (oryza sativa l.) uncovers interactive effects on the physicochemical properties of starch. | soluble starch synthases (sss) are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in developing rice ( oryza sativa l.) endosperm. despite extensive studies of sss in various plant species including rice, the functional modes of action among multiple ss genes are still not clear. here, we generated transgenic rna interference (rnai) repressed lines for seven of the eight members of the rice ss gene family and studied their effects on starch synthesis and grain formation. consistent with their exp ... | 2011 | 21595523 |
| identification of heterotic loci associated with yield-related traits in chinese common wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.). | many rice breeding programs have currently reached yield plateaus as a result of limited genetic variability in parental strains. dongxiang common wild rice (oryza rufipogon griff.) is the progenitor of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) and serves as an important gene pool for the genetic improvement of rice cultivars. in this study, heterotic loci (hls) associated with six yield-related traits were identified in wild and cultivated rice and investigated using a set of 265 introgression lines (i ... | 2011 | 21600393 |
| k+ transport by the oshkt2;4 transporter from rice (oryza sativa) with atypical na+ transport properties and competition in permeation of k+ over mg2+ and ca2+ ions. | members of the class ii of hkt transporters, which have thus far only been isolated from grasses, were found to mediate na+-k+ co-transport and at high na+ concentrations preferred na+-selective transport, depending on the ionic conditions. but the physiological functions of this k+ transporting class ii of hkt transporters remain unknown in plants with exception of the unique class ii na+ transporter, oshkt2;1. the genetically tractable rice (background nipponbare) possesses two predicted k+ tr ... | 2011 | 21610181 |
| purple rice (oryza sativa l.) extract and its constituents inhibit vegf-induced angiogenesis. | the study evaluated the protective effects of purple rice (oryza sativa l.) bran extract (pre) and its constituents, cyanidin and peonidin, against angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf). the effects of vegf and pre were examined by in vitro tube formation assays and following 14-day co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) and fibroblasts. the antiangiogenic mechanism of pre was evaluated by vegf-induced proliferation and migration of huvecs and/o ... | 2011 | 21633982 |
| osspo11-4, a rice homologue of the archaeal topvia protein, mediates double-strand dna cleavage and interacts with ostopvib. | dna topoisomerase vi from archaea, a heterotetrameric complex composed of two topvia and two topvib subunits, is involved in altering dna topology during replication, transcription and chromosome segregation by catalyzing dna strand transfer through transient double-strand breaks. the sequenced yeast and animal genomes encode only one homologue of the archaeal topvia subunit, namely spo11, and no homologue of the archaeal topvib subunit. in yeast, spo11 is essential for initiating meiotic recomb ... | 2011 | 21637817 |
| levels and patterns of nucleotide variation in domestication qtl regions on rice chromosome 3 suggest lineage-specific selection. | oryza sativa or asian cultivated rice is one of the major cereal grass species domesticated for human food use during the neolithic. domestication of this species from the wild grass oryza rufipogon was accompanied by changes in several traits, including seed shattering, percent seed set, tillering, grain weight, and flowering time. quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping has identified three genomic regions in chromosome 3 that appear to be associated with these traits. we would like to study wh ... | 2011 | 21674010 |
| functional analysis of all agamous subfamily members in rice reveals their roles in reproductive organ identity determination and meristem determinacy. | reproductive organ development is one of the most important steps in the life cycle of plants. studies using core eudicot species like thale cress (arabidopsis thaliana) and snapdragon (antirrhinum majus) have shown that mads domain transcription factors belonging to the agamous (ag) subfamily regulate the identity of stamens, carpels, and ovules and that they are important for floral meristem determinacy. here, we investigate the genetic interactions between the four rice (oryza sativa) ag subf ... | 2011 | 21810995 |
| constitutively and highly expressed oryza sativa polyamine oxidases localize in peroxisomes and catalyze polyamine back conversion. | polyamine oxidases (paos) are fad-dependent enzymes involved in polyamine (pa) catabolism. recent studies have revealed that plant paos are not only active in the terminal catabolism of pas as demonstrated for maize apoplastic pao but also in a polyamine back-conversion pathway as shown for most arabidopsis paos. we have characterized oryza sativa paos at molecular and biochemical levels. the rice genome contains 7 pao isoforms that are termed ospao1 to ospao7. of the seven paos, ospao3, ospao4, ... | 2011 | 21796433 |
| genome-wide identification, classification, and expression analysis of autophagy-associated gene homologues in rice (oryza sativa l.). | autophagy is an intracellular degradation process for recycling macromolecules and organelles. it plays important roles in plant development and in response to nutritional demand, stress, and senescence. organisms from yeast to plants contain many autophagy-associated genes (atg). in this study, we found that a total of 33 atg homologues exist in the rice [oryza sativa l. (os)] genome, which were classified into 13 atg subfamilies. six of them are alternatively spliced genes. evolutional analysi ... | 2011 | 21795261 |
| rice 14-3-3 protein (gf14e) negatively affects cell death and disease resistance. | plant 14-3-3 proteins regulate important cellular processes, including plant immune responses, through protein-protein interactions that affect a wide range of target proteins. in rice, the gf14e gene, which encodes a 14-3-3 protein, is induced during effector triggered immunity (eti) associated with pathogens such as xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). to determine if gf14e gene has a direct role in resistance to disease in rice, we suppressed its expression by rnai silencing. gf14e suppressio ... | 2011 | 21793954 |
| genetic dissection of the resistance to rice stripe virus present in the indica rice cultivar 'ir24' | rice stripe disease, caused by rice stripe virus (rsv) and transmitted by the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fallen), is one of the most serious viral diseases of rice in temperate east asian production regions. prior quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping has established that oryza sativa l. subsp. indica 'ir24' carries positive alleles at the three loci qstv3, qstv7, and qstv11-i. here, we report an advanced backcross analysis based on three selected chromosome segment substitu ... | 2011 | 21793697 |
| effect of water regimes and organic matters on transport of arsenic in summer rice (oryza sativa l.). | the arsenic contamination in soil-water-plant systems is a major concern of where, the groundwater is being contaminated with arsenic (above 0.01 mg/l) in the indian subcontinent. the study was conducted with organic matter to find out the reducing effect on arsenic load to rice (cv. khitish). it was observed that intermittent ponding reduced arsenic uptake (23.33% in root, 13.84% in shoot and 19.84% in leaf) at panicle initiation stage, instead of continuous ponding. a decreasing trend of arsen ... | 2011 | 21793406 |
| effects of gamma radiation on fungi infected rice (in vitro). | abstract purpose: this work focuses on the effect of gamma radiation on seed born fungi (in vitro) on oryza sativa (swarna, initial evaluation trial-5656). materials and methods: the responses of fungi to gamma radiation (0-4.2 kgy; 0.12 kgy/h) were studied in individual cultures of major seed-borne fungi including alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, trichoderma viride and curvularia geniculata. results: the inactivation of individual fungal-viability was noted between 1.0-2.0 kgy for a. a ... | 2011 | 21781005 |
| biodegradation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl-(z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate by pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112. | 2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl-(z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate is used as supplementary additives in commercial-grade insecticides to compensate for the time factor needed for the actual pesticide chemical to start its action. this investigation describes the biodegradation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl-(z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate by pseudomonas desmolyticum ncim 2112. the biodegradation is influenced by other carbon a ... | 2011 | 21773762 |
| impaired function of the tonoplast-localized sucrose transporter in rice (oryza sativa), ossut2, limits the transport of vacuolar reserve sucrose and affects plant growth. | physiological functions of sucrose transporters (suts) localized to the tonoplast in higher plants are poorly understood. we here report the isolation and characterization of a mutation in the rice (oryza sativa) ossut2 gene. expression of ossut2-gfp in rice revealed that ossut2 localizes to the tonoplast. analysis of the ossut2 promoter:ß-glucuronidase (gus) transgenic rice indicated that this gene is highly expressed in leaf mesophyll cells, emerging lateral roots, pedicels of fertilized spike ... | 2011 | 21771914 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf base derived callus tissues of popular indica rice (oryza sativa l. sub sp. indica cv. adt 43). | a simple and efficient protocol for the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of an agronomically useful abiotic sensitive popular indica rice cv. adt 43 has been developed. initiation of calli were best achieved from the leaf bases of 4 days old rice seedlings on ls medium supplemented with 2.5mg/l 2,4-d and 1.0mg/l thiamine-hcl. rice calli immersed in agrobacterium suspension (strain eha 105, od(600)=0.8) were co-cultured on ls30-aspc medium for 2 days at 25±2°c in the dark. based on gus expre ... | 2011 | 21763536 |
| effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (glomus intraradices) on the oviposition of rice water weevil (lissorhoptrus oryzophilus). | root-feeding insects are important drivers in ecosystems, and links between aboveground oviposition preference and belowground larval performance have been suggested. the root-colonizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) play a central role in plant nutrition and are known to change host quality for root-feeding insects. however, it is not known if and how amf affect the aboveground oviposition of insects whose offspring feed on roots. according to the preference-performance hypothesis, insect ... | 2011 | 21755406 |
| temperature response of mesophyll conductance in cultivated and wild oryzaspecies with contrasting mesophyll cell wall thickness. | a critical component of photosynthetic capacity is the conductance of co(2) from intercellular airspaces to the sites of co(2) fixation in the stroma of chloroplasts, termed mesophyll conductance (g(m) ). leaf anatomy has been identified as an important determinant of g(m) . there are few studies of the temperature response of g(m) and none has examined the implications of leaf anatomy. hence, we compared a cultivar oforyza sativa with two wild oryza relatives endemic to the hot northern savanna ... | 2011 | 21752031 |
| the sina e3 ligase osdis1 negatively regulates drought response in rice. | ubiquitin-regulated protein degradation is a critical regulatory mechanism that controls a wide range of biological processes in plants. here, we report that osdis1 (for oryza sativa drought-induced sina protein 1), a c3hc4 ring finger e3 ligase, is involved in drought-stress signal transduction in rice (o. sativa). the expression of osdis1 was up-regulated by drought treatment. in vitro ubiquitination assays showed that osdis1 possessed e3 ubiquitin ligase activity and that the conserved region ... | 2011 | 21719639 |
| heterosis in rice seedlings: its relationship to gibberellin content and expression of gibberellin metabolism and signaling genes. | despite the accumulation of data on the genetic and molecular understanding of heterosis, there is little information on the regulation of heterosis at the physiological level. in this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of endogenous gibberellin (ga) content and expression profiling of the ga metabolism and signaling genes to investigate the possible relationship between ga signaling and heterosis for seedling development in rice (oryza sativa). the materials used were an incomplete dia ... | 2011 | 21693671 |
| the jasmonate pathway is a key player in systemically induced defense against root knot nematodes in rice. | complex defense signaling pathways, controlled by different hormones, are involved in the reaction of plants to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress factors. we studied the ability of salicylic acid, jasmonate (ja), and ethylene (et) to induce systemic defense in rice (oryza sativa) against the root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. exogenous et (ethephon) and ja (methyl jasmonate) supply on the shoots induced a strong systemic defense response in the roots, exemplified by a major up-r ... | 2011 | 21715672 |
| effects on growth and oxidative stress status of rice plants (oryza sativa) exposed to two extracts of toxin-producing cyanobacteria (aphanizomenon ovalisporum and microcystis aeruginosa). | toxic cyanobacteria are considered emerging world threats, being responsible for the degradation of the aquatic ecosystems. aphanizomenon ovalisporum produces the toxin cylindrospermopsin (cyn) being a concern in fresh water habitats. this work aims to increase our knowledge on the effects of this toxic cyanobacterium in plants by studying the alterations in growth parameters and oxidative stress status of rice (oriza sativa) exposed to the cyanobacteria cell extracts containing cyn. significant ... | 2011 | 21723604 |
| orthologues of a plant-specific at-4/1 gene in the genus nicotiana and the structural properties of bacterially expressed 4/1 protein. | arabidopsis thaliana at-4/1 is the protein of unknown function capable of polar localization in plant cells and intercellular trafficking. in this work, we cloned cdnas and chromosomal genes of at-4/1 orthologues from several nicotiana species. similarly to the 4/1 genes of a.-áthaliana and oryza sativa, nicotiana 4/1 genes have eight exons and seven introns but are considerably longer due to their larger introns. the allotetraploid genome of nicotiana tabacum, which is known to consist of the ' ... | 2011 | 21712068 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing cry1ia5 gene are resistant to stem borer (chilo agamemnon). | the stem borer,-áchilo agamemnon-ábles., is the most serious insect pest in-árice-áfields of the egyptian nile delta.-áto induce rice plant resistance to-áchilo agamemnon,-áthe-ácry1ia5-ágene was introduced to rice plants (oryza sativa-ál.).-áthe integration of the-ácry1ia5-ágene into the plant genome was confirmed using pcr and southern blot analyses. the obtained plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse until seeds were collected. northern blot analysis of the t1 plants confirmed the expre ... | 2010 | 21844686 |
| systematic annotation and bioinformatics analyses of large-scale oryza sativa proteome. | much has been now recognized on the rice (oryza sativa l.) proteomics by using the powerful experimental tool two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2d-page). 2d-page can be utilized for monitoring global changes of quantitative protein expression in specific tissues under various conditions. however, systematic annotations of the protein spots generated by 2d-page are still limited for rice. in this study, a new approach for oryza sativa proteome annotation based on the 2d-gel maps ... | 2011 | 21827426 |
| unadapted and adapted to starvation acholeplasma laidlawii cells induce different responses of oryza sativa, as determined by proteome analysis. | for the first time, we studied the phytopathogenicity toward oryza sativa l. of unadapted and adapted to unfavorable environment (starvation) cells of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 - ubiquitous mycoplasma found in the soil, waste waters, tissues of the highest eukaryotes and being the basic contaminant of cell cultures and a causative agent of phytomycoplasmoses. the features of morphology, ultrastructural organization and proteomes of unadapted and adapted cells of the mycoplasma and infected plan ... | 2011 | 21835275 |
| enhancement of salinity tolerance during rice seed germination by presoaking with hemoglobin. | salinity stress is an important environmental constraint limiting the productivity of many crops worldwide. in this report, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seed presoaking by bovine hemoglobin, an inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1), on salinity tolerance in rice (oryza sativa) plants. the results showed that different concentrations of the hemoglobin (0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 g/l) differentially alleviated the inhibition of rice seed germination and thereafter seedl ... | 2011 | 21731454 |
| decolorization of different dyes by a newly isolated white-rot fungi strain ganoderma sp.en3 and cloning and functional analysis of its laccase gene. | a laccase-producing white-rot fungi strain ganoderma sp.en3 was newly isolated from the forest of tzu-chin mountain in china. ganoderma sp.en3 had a strong ability of decolorizing four synthetic dyes, two simulated dye bath effluents and the real textile dye effluent. induction in the activity of laccase during the decolorization process indicated that laccase played an important role in the efficient decolorization of different dyes by this fungus. phytotoxicity study with respect to triticum a ... | 2011 | 21733624 |
| polymorphisms and evolutionary history of retrotransposon insertions in rice promoters. | retrotransposons are ubiquitous in higher plant genomes. the presence or absence of retrotransposons in whole genome and high throughput genomic sequence (htgs) from cultivated and wild rice was investigated to understand the organization and evolution of retrotransposon insertions in promoter regions. approximately half of the oryza sativa subsp. japonica 'nipponbare' promoters with retrotransposons conserved in oryza sativa subsp. indica '93-11' and four wild rice species showed higher sequenc ... | 2011 | 21823826 |
| Mapping of quantitative trait loci for fiber and lignin contents from an interspecific cross Oryza sativa+ùOryza rufipogon. | Rice straw is always regarded as a by-product of rice production, but it could be a significant energy source for ruminant animals. Knowledge of the genetic variation and genetic architecture of cell wall traits will facilitate rice breeders by improving relevant traits through selective breeding and genetic engineering. The common wild rice, Oryza rufipogon Griff., which is considered to be the progenitor of Oryza sativa, has been widely utilized for the identification of genes of agronomic imp ... | 2011 | 21726058 |
| Binding affinities and interactions among different heat shock element types and heat shock factors in rice (OryzaÔÇâsativa L.). | Binding of heat shock factors (Hsfs) to heat shock elements (HSEs) leads to transcriptional regulation of heat shock genes. Genome-wide, 953 rice genes contain perfect-type, 695 genes gap-type and 1584 genes step-type HSE sequences in their 1-kb promoter region. The rice genome contains 13 class A, eight class B and four class C Hsfs (OsHsfs) and has OsHsf26 (which is of variant type) genes. Chemical cross-linking analysis of inÔÇâvitro synthesized OsHsf polypeptides showed formation of homotrim ... | 2011 | 21729241 |
| Cyanobacteria-mediated phenylpropanoids and phytohormones in rice (Oryza sativa) enhance plant growth and stress tolerance. | Phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and plant growth regulators in rice (Oryza sativa) variety (UPR 1823) inoculated with different cyanobacterial strains namely Anabaena oryzae, Anabaena doliolum, Phormidium fragile, Calothrix geitonos, Hapalosiphon intricatus, Aulosira fertilissima, Tolypothrix tenuis, Oscillatoria acuta and Plectonema boryanum were quantified using HPLC in pot conditions after 15 and 30-ádays. Qualitative analysis of the induced compounds using reverse phase HPLC and further confirm ... | 2011 | 21732035 |
| the mediator complex in plants: structure, phylogeny, and expression profiling of representative genes in a dicot (arabidopsis) and a monocot (rice) during reproduction and abiotic stress. | the mediator (med) complex relays regulatory information from dna-bound transcription factors to the rna polymerase ii in eukaryotes. this macromolecular unit is composed of three core subcomplexes in addition to a separable kinase module. in this study, conservation of meds has been investigated in 16 plant species representing seven diverse groups across the plant kingdom. using hidden markov model-based conserved motif searches, we have identified all the known yeast/metazoan med components i ... | 2011 | 22021418 |
| strigolactone biosynthesis in medicago truncatula and rice requires the symbiotic gras-type transcription factors nsp1 and nsp2. | legume gras (gai, rga, scr)-type transcription factors nodulation signaling pathway1 (nsp1) and nsp2 are essential for rhizobium nod factor-induced nodulation. both proteins are considered to be nod factor response factors regulating gene expression after symbiotic signaling. however, legume nsp1 and nsp2 can be functionally replaced by nonlegume orthologs, including rice (oryza sativa) nsp1 and nsp2, indicating that both proteins are functionally conserved in higher plants. here, we show that n ... | 2011 | 22039214 |
| Resistance performances of transgenic bt rice lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). | The transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice, Oryza sativa L., lines T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 expressing Cry2A* and Cry1C* from 'Minhui 63' (MH63) were evaluated for resistance to newly hatched and third-instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), by using detached leaf laboratory bioassays. Both T(2A)-1 and T1c-19 rice showed high C. medinalis resistance; however, the lethal time (LT)50 of larvae fed with T(2A)-1 rice was significantly longer than that of larvae fed with T1 ... | 2011 | 22066204 |
| the rice transcription factor idef1 directly binds to iron and other divalent metals for sensing cellular iron status. | iron is essential for most living organisms and its availability often determines survival and proliferation. the oryza sativa (rice) transcription factor idef1 plays a crucial role in regulating iron deficiency-induced genes involved in iron homeostasis. in the present report, we found characteristic histidine-asparagine repeat and proline-rich regions in idef1 and its homolog in hordeum vulgare (barley), hvidef1. an immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography assay revealed that idef1 and hv ... | 2012 | 21880076 |
| Cloning, molecular characterization and heterologous expression of a glutathione S-transferase gene in rice. | OsGSTL2 is one of three tandem-arranged glutathione S-transferase, lambda class genes in chromosome 3 of rice (Oryza sativa L.). It includes 9 introns and 10 exons, and encodes a protein of 244 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 27.37 kDa. The predicted three-dimensional structure of OsGSTL2 showed a typical glutathione S-transferase fold. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, OsGSTL2 transcript was detected in the roots and leaves of seedling stage and tillering stage, a ... | 2011 | 21899054 |
| heading date 1 (hd1), an ortholog of arabidopsis constans, is a possible target of human selection during domestication to diversify flowering times of cultivated rice. | during the domestication of rice (oryza sativa l.), diversification of flowering time was important in expanding the areas of cultivation. rice is a facultative short day (sd) plant and requires certain periods of dark to induce flowering. heading date 1 (hd1), a regulator of the florigen gene hd3a, is one of the main factors used to generate diversity in flowering. loss-of-function alleles of hd1 are common in cultivated rice and cause the diversity of flowering time. however, it is unclear how ... | 2011 | 21952207 |
| the rice bright green leaf (bgl) locus encodes osropgef10, which activates the development of small cuticular papillae on leaf surfaces. | development of specialized epidermal cells and structures plays a key role in plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. in the paddy field, the bright green leaf (bgl) mutants of rice (oryza sativa) exhibit a luminous green color that is clearly distinguishable from the normal green of wild-type plants. transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that small cuticular papillae (or small papillae; sp), nipple-like structures, are absent on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of ... | 2011 | 22038138 |
| identification of neutral genes at pollen sterility loci sd and se of cultivated rice (oryza sativa) with wild rice (o. rufipogon) origin. | pollen sterility is one of the main hindrances against the utilization of strong intersubspecific (indica-japonica) heterosis in rice. we looked for neutral alleles at known pollen sterility loci sd and se that could overcome this pollen sterility characteristic. taichung 65, a typical japonica cultivar, and its near isogenic lines e7 and e8 for pollen sterility loci sd and se were employed as tester lines for crossing with 13 accessions of wild rice (o. rufipogon). pollen fertility and gen ... | 2011 | 22057998 |
| Fine mapping and comparative genomics integration of two quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to powdery mildew in a Spanish barley landrace. | The intervals containing two major quantitative trait loci (QTL) from a Spanish barley landrace conferring broad spectrum resistance to Blumeria graminis were subjected to marker saturation. First, all the available information on recently developed marker resources for barley was exploited. Then, a comparative genomic analysis of the QTL regions with other sequenced grass model species was performed. As a result of the first step, 32 new markers were added to the previous map and new flanking m ... | 2011 | 21901548 |
| Ortholog Alleles at Xa3/Xa26 Locus Confer Conserved Race-Specific Resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae in Rice. | The rice disease resistance (R) gene Xa3/Xa26 (having also been named Xa3 and Xa26) against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes bacterial blight disease, belongs to a multiple gene family clustered in chromosome 11 and is from an AA genome rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L.). This family encodes leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinase-type proteins. Here, we show that the orthologs (alleles) of Xa3/Xa26, Xa3/Xa26-2, and Xa3/Xa26-3, from wild Oryza species O. officinalis (CC genome) a ... | 2011 | 21930802 |
| Large-scale production of functional human serum albumin from transgenic rice seeds. | Human serum albumin (HSA) is widely used in clinical and cell culture applications. Conventional production of HSA from human blood is limited by the availability of blood donation and the high risk of viral transmission from donors. Here, we report the production of Oryza sativa recombinant HSA (OsrHSA) from transgenic rice seeds. The level of OsrHSA reached 10.58% of the total soluble protein of the rice grain. Large-scale production of OsrHSA generated protein with a purity >99% and a product ... | 2011 | 22042856 |
| Autotoxicity and allelopathy of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone isolated from Picea schrenkiana needles. | Bioassay-guided fractionation of the diethyl ether fraction of a water extract of Picea schrenkiana needles led to the isolation of the phenolic compound 3,4-dihydroxy- acetophenone (DHAP). The allelopathic effects of DHAP were evaluated under laboratory conditions on P. schrenkiana, rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), lettuce (Latuca sativa L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.). DHAP significantly inhibited seed ... | 2011 | 22024957 |
| [heterologous expression of a rice syntaxin-related protein knolle gene (osknolle) in yeast and its functional analysis in the role of abiotic stress]. | syntaxin-related protein knolle, a multifunctional protein family belonging to the snare superfamily, plays an important role in many physiological processes in plants. in order to understand the function of the syntaxin-related protein knolle (osknolle) in rice (oryza sativa), the cds sequence of osknolle gene isolated from a japonica rice cultivar "zhonghua 11" was fused into an expression vector pyx212 and transformed into the s. cerevisiae strain by4741 by lithium acetate/single-stranded car ... | 2011 | 22120082 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerase 6 of rice (oryza sativa) plays role in host defense against negative-strand rna virus, rice stripe virus. | rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs) from fungi, plants and some invertebrate animals play fundamental roles in antiviral defense. here, we investigated the role of rdr6 in the defense of economically important rice plants against a negative-strand rna virus (rice stripe virus, rsv) that causes enormous crop damage. in three independent transgenic lines (osrdr6as line a, b and c) in which osrdr6 transcription levels were reduced by 70-80% through antisense silencing, the infection and disease sy ... | 2011 | 22142475 |
| enac1, a nac transcription factor, is an early and transient response regulator induced by abiotic stress in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the plant-specific nac (nam, ataf, and cuc)-domain proteins play important roles in plant development and stress responses. in this research, a full-length cdna named enac1 (early nac-domain protein induced by abiotic stress 1) was isolated from rice. enac1 possess one nac domain in the n-terminus. comparative time-course expression analysis indicated that enac1 expression, similar with osdreb1a, was induced very quickly by various abiotic stresses including salt, drought, cold, and exogenous ab ... | 2011 | 22161313 |
| signal transduction by ire1-mediated splicing of bzip50 and other stress sensors in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response of rice. | the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress sensor ire1 transduces signals by inducing the unconventional splicing of mrnas encoding key transcription factors: hac1 in yeast and xbp1 in animals. however, no hac1 or xbp1 homologues have been found in plants, and until recently the substrate for plant ire1 has remained unknown. this study demonstrates that the oryza sativa (rice) osbzip50 transcription factor, an orthologue of arabidopsis atbzip60, is regulated by ire1-mediated splicing of its rna. desp ... | 2011 | 22050533 |
| isolation and identification of an ap2/erf factor that binds an allelic cis-element of rice gene lrk6. | allelic expression of the rice yield-related gene, leucine-rich receptor-like kinase 6 (lrk6), in the hybrid of 93-11 (oryza sativa l. subsp. indica var. 93-11) and nipponbare (o. sativa l. subsp. japonica var. nipponbare) is determined by allelic promoter cis-elements. using deletion analysis of the lrk6 promoter, we identified two distinct regions that might contribute to lrk6 expression. sequence alignment revealed differences in these lrk6 promoter regions in 93-11 and nipponbare. one of the ... | 2011 | 21854687 |
| screening and identification of seed-specific genes using digital differential display tools combined with microarray data from common wheat. | wheat is one of the most important cereal crops for human beings, with seeds being the tissue of highly economic value. various morphogenetic and metabolic processes are exclusively associated with seed maturation. the goal of this study was to screen and identify genes specifically expressed in the developing seed of wheat with an integrative utilization of digital differential display (ddd) and available online microarray databases. | 2011 | 22003838 |
| Transcriptional profiling in cadmium-treated rice seedling roots using suppressive subtractive hybridization. | Cadmium (Cd), a non-essential metal, is a kind of toxic heavy metal to life, which can accumulate in rice tissues including seeds, thus posing a risk to human health through food chain. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of rice response to Cd exposure, suppression subtractive hybridization and mirror orientation selection were used to compare gene expression profiles in seedling roots of Cd-exposed and control (unexposed) rice plants (Oryza sativa L., Nipponbare). Approximately 1700 positi ... | 2012 | 21855360 |
| Accumulation and phytotoxicity of microcystin-LR in rice (Oryza sativa). | Irrigation with eutrophic water containing microcystins-LR (MC-LR) poses a potential risk to crops. However, the accumulation of MC-LR in rice grains and the mechanism of MC-LR-induced inhibition in rice roots are not understood. In this study, we detected the accumulation of MC-LR in rice grains collected from Taihu Lake region. MC-LR could accumulate in rice grains, but the risk evaluation suggested that MC-LR levels in rice grains from Taihu Lake region may not pose a threat to human health c ... | 2012 | 22036264 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of recombinant betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (osbadh2), a protein involved in jasmine aroma, from thai fragrant rice (oryza sativa l.). | fragrant rice (oryza sativa l.) betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (osbadh2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of fragrance aroma compounds. the extremely low activity of osbadh2 in catalyzing the oxidation of acetaldehyde is believed to be crucial for the accumulation of the volatile compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap) in many scented plants, including fragrant rice. recombinant fragrant rice osbadh2 was expressed in escherichia coli as an n-terminal hexahistidine fusion protein, purified using ni ... | 2011 | 22102032 |
| methylated arsenic species in plants originate from soil microorganisms. | • inorganic arsenic (ias) is a ubiquitous human carcinogen, and rice (oryza sativa) is the main contributor to ias in the diet. methylated pentavalent as species are less toxic and are routinely found in plants; however, it is currently unknown whether plants are able to methylate as. • rice, tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and red clover (trifolium pratense) were exposed to ias, monomethylarsonic acid (mma(v)), or dimethylarsinic acid (dma(v)), under axenic conditions. rice seedlings were also gr ... | 2011 | 22098145 |
| generation of transgenic rice lines with reduced contents of multiple potential allergens using a null mutant in combination with an rna silencing method. | rice seed proteins are known to be a causative antigen in some patients with food allergy, especially cereal allergy, with clinical symptoms such as eczema and dermatitis. the α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (14-16 kda), α-globulin (26 kda) and β-glyoxalase i (33 kda) are regarded as major potential allergens of rice (oryza sativa l.) seed based on specific recognition by serum ige from allergy patients. in order to suppress the production of these major allergens in rice grains, a mutant in the 'k ... | 2011 | 22039121 |
| changes in phytohormones and fatty acids in wheat and rice seedlings in response to hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) infestation. | phytohormones and fatty acids (fas) play important roles in plant resistance to insects and pathogens. in this study, we investigated the similarities and differences in the accumulations of phytohormones and fas in the resistant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) 'molly' and the nonhost rice (oryza sativa l.) 'niponbare' in responses to hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say) (diptera: cecidomyiidae), larval attacks. using chemical ionization-gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry, we analyzed the conc ... | 2011 | 21882708 |
| introgression from cultivated rice influences genetic differentiation of weedy rice populations at a local spatial scale. | hybridization and introgression can play an important role in genetic differentiation and adaptive evolution of plant species. for example, a conspecific feral species may frequently acquire new alleles from its coexisting crops via introgression. however, little is known about this process. we analyzed 24 weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations and their coexisting rice cultivars from northern italy to study their genetic differentiation, outcrossing, and introgression based on micro ... | 2011 | 21947325 |
| conservation of ire1-regulated bzip74 mrna unconventional splicing in rice (oryza sativa l.) involved in er stress responses. | protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) is a fundamental process in plant cells that is vulnerable to many environmental stresses. when unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the er, the well-conserved unfolded protein response (upr) is initiated to mitigate the er stress by enhancing the protein folding capability and/or accelerating the er-associated protein degradation. here, we report the conservation of the activation mechanism of osbzip74 (also known as osbzip50), an import ... | 2011 | 22199238 |
| a ccch-type zinc finger nucleic acid-binding protein quantitatively confers resistance against rice bacterial blight disease. | bacterial blight is a devastating disease of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). zinc finger proteins harboring the motif with three conserved cysteine residues and one histidine residue (ccch) belong to a large family. although at least 67 ccch-type zinc finger protein genes have been identified in the rice genome, their functions are poorly understood. here we report that one of the rice ccch-type zinc finger proteins, c3h12, containing five typical cx8-cx5-cx3-h zinc finger mo ... | 2011 | 22158700 |
| microscopy and proteomic analysis of the non-host resistance of oryza sativa to the wheat leaf rust fungus, puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici. | rice (oryza sativa) cv. nipponbare expresses non-host resistance (nhr) to the wheat leaf rust fungus, puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici (ptt). when the leaves of cv. nipponbare were inoculated with ptt, approx 93% of the urediniospores germinated on the leaf surface, but only 10% of the germinated spores formed appressoria over the stomata at one day post inoculation (1 dpi). hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) accumulated in host cells around the appressoria at 3 dpi. approx. 3% of the appressoria pro ... | 2011 | 22038417 |
| Molecular Analysis of OsLEA4 and Its Contributions to Improve E. coli Viability. | OsLEA4, a late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein gene from rice (Oryza sativa L.), contains a 312-bp open reading frame encoding a putative polypeptide of 103 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 11.19 kDa and a theoretical pI of 10.04. OsLEA4 polypeptide is rich in Ala (22%), Lys (15%), Glu (9%), His (8%), Thr (8%), and Arg (7%) and lacking in Trp, Cys, Asn, and Phe residues. OsLEA4 protein contains a Pfam:LEA_1 domain architecture at positions 1-73 with three a-helical domains an ... | 2011 | 22057936 |