| adsorption of llcmk2 cell-grown sendai virus onto human red blood cells and its release from the virus adsorbed cells. | an early stage of virus adsorption was studied in a system of sendai virus metabolically labeled with [3h]leucine in llcmk2 cells and of human red blood cells (rbcs). the efficiency of viral release from the virus-bound rbcs by incubation at 37 c depended on the number of virus particles which had been used for adsorption onto the rbc at 4 c. when 7.8 x 10(2) virus particles were previously adsorbed onto the rbc at 4 c, most of the viruses were dissociated from the rbc at 37 c. in the case of ad ... | 1988 | 2853288 |
| comparison of receptors for clostridium perfringens type a and cholera enterotoxins in isolated rabbit intestinal brush border membranes. | the rabbit intestinal brush border membrane (bbm) receptors for clostridium perfringens type a (cpe) and cholera (ct) enterotoxins were compared. initial studies characterized binding of 125i-cpe to isolated bbms as specific, saturable, and irreversible. bbms appear to contain a single type of cpe binding site. protease pretreatment of bbms strongly reduced subsequent specific binding of 125i-cpe but not 125i-ct, while neuraminidase pretreatment had little effect on binding of either enterotoxin ... | 1986 | 2854596 |
| protective role of intestinal flora against infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice: influence of antibiotics on colonization resistance. | swiss white mice were given ampicillin, clindamycin, kanamycin, metronidazole, or streptomycin in drinking water for a period of 3 weeks. one week after the initiation of antibiotic administration, the treated mice and untreated control mice were challenged orally with approximately 10(8) viable, streptomycin-resistant (sr) pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. all five of the antibiotics decreased the resistance of the mice to intestinal colonization with sr p. aeruginosa, as reflected by an increas ... | 1985 | 2856912 |
| tryptophan content of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. | the tryptophan content of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin was investigated. when the tryptophan content was determined by amino acid analysis after the hydrolysis of epsilon prototoxin with methanesulfonic acid containing 3-(2-aminoethyl)indole and by the spectrophotometric method with n-bromosuccinimide, the number of tryptophan residues was calculated at 1/mol of the protein. cleavage of the prototoxin or the toxin with n-bromosuccinimide in the presence of urea gave two new fragments on ... | 1985 | 2856914 |
| inhibition of phospholipases by met-leu-phe-ile-leu-ile-lys-arg-ser-arg-his-phe, c terminus of middle-sized tumor antigen. | the n and c terminals and tyrosine-phosphorylating site of the middle-sized tumor antigen of polyoma virus were chemically synthesized. the sequences of these peptides were met-asp-arg-val-leu-ser-arg-ala-asp-lys (n-mt), met-leu-phe-ile-leu-ile-lys-arg-ser-arg-his-phe (c-mt), and glu-glu-glu-glu-tyr-met-pro-met-glu (mt-tyr), respectively. among these peptides, the c-mt peptide inhibited phospholipase a2 (ec 3.1.1.4), phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3), and phospholipase d (ec 3.1.4.4). in addition, ph ... | 1985 | 2857079 |
| molecular analysis of transferable tetracycline resistance plasmids from clostridium perfringens. | conjugative tetracycline resistance plasmids from 15 clostridium perfringens isolates from piggeries were analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis. seven isolates from one farm were found to carry a 47-kilobase pair (kb) plasmid, pjir5, which had ecori, xbai, and clai profiles that were identical to those of a previously characterized plasmid, pcw3. an isolate from a second farm was found to carry a plasmid, pjir6, which also was indistinguishable from pcw3. ... | 1985 | 2857166 |
| development and application of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to quantitate faecal clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the investigation of c perfringens food poisoning. the sandwich elisa could be carried out in 24 h and was sensitive enough to detect as little as 5 ng/g of enterotoxin in faeces. specificity of the assay was shown by comparing results with those obtained from other standard toxin assays, such as double gel diffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and by the assay of fae ... | 1985 | 2857184 |
| clostridium perfringens food poisoning on north sea oil installations. | | 1985 | 2857334 |
| pyruvoyl-dependent histidine decarboxylases. comparative sequences of cysteinyl peptides of the enzymes from lactobacillus 30a, lactobacillus buchneri, and clostridium perfringens. | the two cysteinyl residues present in histidine decarboxylase from lactobacillus 30a differ greatly in reactivity. one (class 1) reacts readily in the native state with dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) with complete loss of enzyme activity; the other (class 2) reacts only after denaturation of the enzyme (lane, r. s., and snell, e. e. (1976) biochemistry 15, 4175-4179). these differences in reactivity permitted use of covalent (disulfide) chromatography to isolate separate peptides that contain these ... | 1985 | 2857717 |
| pyruvoyl-dependent histidine decarboxylases. preparation and amino acid sequences of the beta chains of histidine decarboxylase from clostridium perfringens and lactobacillus buchneri. | histidine decarboxylase (hisdcase) from lactobacillus buchneri was purified to homogeneity. its subunit structure, (alpha beta)6, and enzymatic properties resemble closely those of the immunologically cross-reactive hisdcase of lactobacillus 30a (recsei, p. a., and snell, e. e. (1984) annu. rev. biochem. 53, 357-387). the complete amino acid sequences of the beta chains of the hisdcase from l. buchneri (81 residues) and clostridium perfringens (86 residues) were then determined to be a and b, re ... | 1985 | 2857718 |
| the assessment and application of a bacteriocin typing scheme for clostridium perfringens. | a collection of 50 bacteriocins was assembled and used to type 802 isolates of clostridium perfringens from food poisoning outbreaks and a variety of other sources. it was found that strains of the same serotype within an outbreak showed similar patterns of susceptibility to bacteriocins, and the use of "one difference' rule is proposed for interpretation of the typing patterns of epidemiologically related strains. isolates of different serotype or of the same serotype isolated from different so ... | 1985 | 2857743 |
| septic arthritis caused by clostridium perfringens. | | 1985 | 2858151 |
| necrotizing enterocolitis, hemolysis, and clostridium perfringens. | | 1985 | 2858153 |
| two successive outbreaks of clostridium perfringens at a state correctional institution. | an outbreak of acute gastrointestinal illness of short duration involving 100 inmates at a correctional institution followed a similar outbreak among the same population by eight days. clostridium perfringens was the specific etiology in both outbreaks; the vehicle was roast beef in the first outbreak, ham in the second. direct observation of food handling practices revealed that the meats were not cooled quickly enough following cooking; not reheated adequately prior to serving, and; held at im ... | 1985 | 2858163 |
| treatment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin-associated diarrhoea with metronidazole. | | 1985 | 2858510 |
| clostridial sepsis: unusual clinical presentations. | we present four cases exhibiting the widely diverse nature of clinical infections due to anaerobic clostridium perfringens. these cases exemplify the need for a thorough initial physical examination, immediate gram staining of fluid from involved tissue, and recognition of the severity of the disease in any patient who has early septic deterioration after elective or emergency surgical procedures. management of these infections includes both high-dose parenteral penicillin therapy and aggressive ... | 1985 | 2858921 |
| the effect of ca++ and mg++ on the action of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin on vero cells. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin binds to receptors on vero cells. this process does not depend on the presence of divalent cations (ca++, mg++). binding of enterotoxin causes inhibition of 14c-leucine incorporation into proteins, probably because of depression of amino acid transport. the presence of mg++ speeds up this effect of the enterotoxin. the enterotoxin produces membrane leakage only in the presence of ca++, but additional mg++ increases the rate of this process. these results indic ... | 1985 | 2858953 |
| a densitometric nondestructive microassay for dna quantitation. | a nondestructive assay for small quantities of nonradioactive dna has been developed. submicroliter volumes of dna samples of concentrations as low as 10 micrograms/ml in 10 mm tris, ph 8, containing 10 micrograms/ml ethidium bromide are photographed in 1-microliter microcapillary tubes on a near-uv transilluminator. the negatives are scanned with a densitometer, producing a sharp peak for each capillary; samples whose peak heights show apparent linearity with dna content are compared to the lin ... | 1985 | 2858989 |
| antitoxin activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. | human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmnl) inactivate clostridium difficile cytotoxin and c. perfringens phospholipase c, but not c. perfringens enterotoxin. both whole cells and sonicated suspensions possess activity, but mononuclear cell fractions of peripheral blood do not. antitoxin activity closely correlates with cell concentration. the highest cell concentrations tested completely inactivated c. difficile cytotoxin by 2 min. sucrose density gradient fractionation of pmnl showed antitoxin a ... | 1985 | 2859049 |
| demonstration of an infected popliteal (baker's) cyst with three-phase skeletal scintigraphy. | a case is reported of an infected popliteal (baker's) cyst demonstrated with triple phase skeletal scintigraphy. although double-contrast arthrography and ultrasonography are currently the modalities most frequently employed to diagnose the presence of popliteal cysts, they may also be detected utilizing this radionuclide technique in the course of evaluation for knee joint disease or septic arthritis. radionuclide studies may be more sensitive for the evaluation of associated inflammatory disea ... | 1985 | 2859135 |
| fast protein liquid chromatography for the isolation of clostridium perfringens type a alpha-toxin. | | 1985 | 2859296 |
| verotoxin and neuraminidase induced platelet aggregating activity in plasma: their possible role in the pathogenesis of the haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | certain strains of escherichia coli producing verotoxin have been isolated in the stools of patients with the haemolytic uraemic syndrome. a platelet aggregating activity has been found in normal plasma after incubation with verotoxin at 37 degrees c for 24 h. this activity, unlike neuraminidase, has an effect that is independent of changing factor viii related antigen, but requires the iia and iiib platelet surface glycoprotein (deficient in thrombasthenia) to mediate its effect. prostacyclin t ... | 1985 | 2859303 |
| incontinence pads and clostridium infection. | | 1985 | 2859317 |
| necrotizing enteritis associated with toxigenic type a clostridium perfringens. | | 1985 | 2859341 |
| [anaerobic infection in peacetime]. | | 1985 | 2859683 |
| clostridium perfringens bacteremia. opportunist or killer? | clostridia septicemia has traditionally been associated with severe histocytotoxic infections. recently, due to better anaerobic culture techniques, clostridia bacteremia is seen with increasing frequency in patients without an obvious source of infection. the authors reviewed their experience with 29 patients with clostridia bacteremia. the overall mortality rate was 45 per cent. no obvious source for the clostridia bacteremia was identified in 21 patients (72%). eighty-three per cent of the pa ... | 1985 | 2859823 |
| role of one tryptophan residue in the lethal activity of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. | the lethal activity of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin was inactivated by n-bromosuccinimide and n-chlorosuccinimide. amino acid analysis of n-bromosuccinimide-treated prototoxin indicated that the one tryptophan residue present in the protein was abolished, and methionine and tyrosine reduced markedly. n-chloro-succinimide-treated prototoxin lost completely both tryptophan and methionine residues. the toxin was not inactivated by chloramine t, but all of methionine residues present in the ... | 1985 | 2859854 |
| purification and properties of an enterotoxin from a coatless spore mutant of clostridium perfringens type a. | a method is described for isolating an enterotoxin from a coatless spore mutant (8-6) of clostridium perfringens type a. the characteristics of this enterotoxin only slightly resembled those of previously isolated enterotoxins of c. perfringens. the type a (8-6) enterotoxin was found to be composed of two subunits of mr 18 000 with isoelectric points of 3.8 and 4.3. the ld50 for mice was 39 micrograms/kg with 0.10 micrograms corresponding to one erythemal unit. the type a (8-6) enterotoxin was i ... | 1985 | 2859989 |
| effect of the growth of anaerobic bacteria on the surface ph of solid media. | changes in surface ph occurring after varying periods of anaerobic incubation were measured for a total of 23 test solid media. there was little change in the surface ph of uninoculated plates, but plates inoculated with bacteriodes fragilis showed a striking fall in ph, to ph 5 in the case of some of the test media. the problems of controlling the surface ph of solid media are discussed and possible methods of control are considered. | 1985 | 2860132 |
| [study of cooperative transitions in dna using phase diagrams]. | the study of the triple equilibria (a, b, coil) and (a, b, z) makes it possible to obtain interconnection between thermodynamic parameters of different co-operative transitions in dna. melting of dna of poly[d(a--t)] was performed in a broad interval of trifluoroethanol (tfe) concentrations including those of the b to a transition range. a branch, which characterizes the helix-coil equilibrium, has a universal shape for different dnas and the polynucleotide: melting temperature is minimum near 3 ... | 1985 | 2860563 |
| cloning and analysis of the clostridium perfringens tetracycline resistance plasmid, pcw3. | clostridium perfringens strain cw92 carries pcw3, a conjugative 47-kb plasmid that confers inducible resistance to tetracycline. the plasmid was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis and by cloning each of the five clai fragments of pcw3 in escherichia coli, using pbr322. analysis of the recombinant plasmids allowed the deduction of a detailed restriction map of pcw3. the tetracycline resistance determinant of pcw3 was mapped by examining the phenotype of recombinant e. coli clones deriv ... | 1985 | 2860679 |
| loss of stereospecificity of phospholipases c and d upon introduction of a 2-alkyl group into rac-1,2-diacylglycero-3-phosphocholine. | rac-1-[1-14c]lauroyl-2-oleylglycero-3-phospho[methyl-3h]choline and rac-1-lauroyl-2-[1-14c]oleoylglycero-3-phospho[methyl-3h]choline along with rac-1-palmitoyl-2-oleylglycero-3-phosphocholine and sn-1-palmitoyl-2-oleylglycero-3-phosphocholine were synthesized and subjected to hydrolysis with phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3) from clostridium perfringens and phospholipase d (ec 3.1.4.4) from cabbage. kinetics of hydrolysis of the radioactive substrates were determined by measuring the 3h radioactivity ... | 1985 | 2860924 |
| clostridial toxins active locally in the gastrointestinal tract. | clostridium difficile and clostridium spiroforme have only in recent years been recognized as intestinal pathogens. they both produce toxins that are also produced by other clostridia. c. difficile toxins a and b are produced by c. sordellii and a few strains of c. perfringens whereas c. spiroforme produces the same toxins as c. perfringens type e (iota toxin). iota toxin activity may be the product of two proteins. toxigenic strains of c. spiroforme and type e produce two antigens which possess ... | 1985 | 2861069 |
| relevance of in vitro tests to in vivo acute skin inflammation: potential in vitro applications of skin keratome slices, neutrophils, fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages. | in vitro tests on cells or keratome slices of skin may reproduce, or indirectly reflect, the first event in acute inflammation, the cytotoxic action of an irritant on epithelial/epidermal cells. keratome slices of human or animal skin release enzymes, show histochemical changes and demonstrate increased or decreased utilization of isotope-labelled amino acids when exposed to chemicals, including surfactants, or bacterial toxins (clostridium perfringens). the correlation with in vivo change is go ... | 1985 | 2861150 |
| studies on the interaction of clostridium perfringens sialidase with sialic acid linked to the internal galactose in monosialogangliotetraosyl ceramide. | investigation of the action of highly purified clostridium perfringens sialidase on ganglioside ii3neu5ac-gg4cer and its oligosaccharide ii3neu5ac-gg4, in the presence and absence of sodium cholate, extend earlier results obtained with impure enzyme fractions. sialidase labeled with 125i was found to bind to various ganglioside substrate micelles, including ii3neu5ac-gg4cer, and to mixed ganglioside-sodium cholate micelles. no binding occurred between the enzyme and the ganglioside-derived oligo ... | 1985 | 2861198 |
| clostridial necrotizing enterocolitis. | in a bacteriologic investigation of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (nec), 16 of 50 infants had clostridia in cultures of blood or of peritoneal fluid obtained by paracentesis. twenty-eight of the 50 infants had enteric bacteria other than clostridia, and six infants had sterile cultures. of the 16 infants with clostridia, nine had c. perfringens and seven had other species of clostridia. compared to infants with nonclostridial nec, those with clostridial nec were larger and more mature, ... | 1985 | 2861265 |
| influence of heating and cooling rates on spore germination and growth of clostridium perfringens in media and in roast beef. | | 1985 | 2861305 |
| clostridial myositis of the psoas complicating percutaneous nephrostomy. | | 1985 | 2861877 |
| meat consumption as a risk factor in enteritis necroticans. | the association between the consumption of animal protein and enteritis necroticans (en) was investigated in a case-control study of 60 proven cases of acute surgical en. a very high risk of en was found in association with the recent ingestion of pork and other meats with the exception of tinned fish. the control group was characterized by the more frequent and regular ingestion of animal protein (predominantly in the form of tinned fish) suggesting a protective effect. no conclusions about the ... | 1985 | 2862114 |
| neuraminidase activity is not the cause of influenza virus-induced neutrophil dysfunction. | influenza viruses have been shown to decrease the ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) to respond to a variety of stimuli. this study was done to determine if viral neuraminidase was responsible for decreased pmn function. treatment of human pmn with purified neuraminidases from influenza virus, vibrio cholerae, or clostridium perfringens did not significantly affect the ability of human pmn to respond to stimulation. occasional virus preparations that lacked the ability to depress pmn ... | 1985 | 2862160 |
| comparative evaluation of three identification systems for anaerobes. | the accuracy of two new 4-h identification systems for anaerobes, the an-ident (analytab products, plainview, n.y.) and the rapid ana (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., atlanta, ga.) was compared with that of the api 20a system (analytab products). a total of 132 clinical isolates were tested in each of the three systems. the overall accuracies at the genus and species level for the three systems were: api 20a, 68.9 and 56.8%, respectively; an-ident, 90.2 and 73.5%; and rapid ana, 93.9 and 81 ... | 1985 | 2862161 |
| [emphysematous cholecystitis: early diagnosis by echography]. | | 1985 | 2862313 |
| heat resistance, spore germination, and enterotoxigenicity of clostridium perfringens. | heat resistance at 95 c, heat activation at 75 c, and germination response were determined for spores of 10 serotype strains of clostridium perfringens type a, including five heat-resistant and five heat-sensitive strains. the d95-values ranged from 17.6 to 63.0 and from 1.3 to 2.8 for the heat-resistant and the heat-sensitive strains, respectively. the heat-activation values, the ratios between the heated and unheated viable counts of spore suspensions, ranged from 0.0035 to 0.65 and from 6.5 t ... | 1985 | 2862570 |
| biological significance of the anaerobic metabolism of metronidazole. | | 1985 | 2862638 |
| "in vivo" and "in vitro" antagonism exerted by two anaerobic strains against strains of clostridium perfringens. | | 1985 | 2862639 |
| influence of rotaviral diarrhea on intestinal microflora establishment in conventional and axenic mice. | | 1985 | 2862640 |
| enterococci in lambs. | | 1985 | 2862641 |
| steam quality and effective sterilization. | faced with using steam from a commercial utility having boilers greater than 5 miles distant and being the last user on the system resulted in ineffective sterilization. a three phase testing program was established utilizing: direct physical measurements - an ellison model 915a portable steam calorimeter. direct microbiology - autoclaved feed pellets were aseptically placed in fluid thioglycolate medium and incubated at 37 degrees c. indirect microbiology - feces from "defined flora" mice fed t ... | 1985 | 2862643 |
| [pathogenesis, clinical aspects and diagnosis of the most important enteric bacterial diseases in animals]. | there are adhesive and invasive species among enteropathogenic bacteria for animals. most frequently isolated adhesive bacteria are enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec). salmonella, t. hyodysenteriae, m. paratuberculosis, y. enterocolitica, cl. perfringens and c. jejuni bacteria represent the most important invasive germs. the main clinical finding connected with bacterial enteritis is diarrhoea resp. dysentery. evaluation of feces consistency, time of appearance and accompanying symptoms (e.g. fever, ... | 1985 | 2862716 |
| effect of clostridium perfringens alpha toxin on the isolated rat vas deferens. | alpha toxin produced by clostridium perfringens potentiated norepinephrine-evoked contraction in the isolated rat vas deferens, but itself caused no contraction within 60 min. the potentiating activity was dependent on the dose of the toxin and was quantitatively related to the phospholipase c activity of the toxin preparation. | 1985 | 2862722 |
| [optimization of the growth of anaerobic bacteria by addition of a perfluorinated oil]. | strict anaerobic bacteria require special conditions of culture; their obtention in the laboratory therefore is difficult especially for poor inocula. a method for stimulating anaerobes growth is described: a perfluorinated oil in which co2 has been dissolved is added to the classical culture medium. the latency phase of the bacterial growth is strongly decreased especially for poor inocula. whatever the inoculum and the gas bubbling time are, the rate of growth remains constant. the changes in ... | 1985 | 2862975 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of sch 34343 and other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria. | the activity of sch 34343 was determined against 575 strains of anaerobic bacteria by an agar-dilution method. its activity was compared with that of benzylpenicillin, piperacillin, cefoxitin, imipenem, clindamycin, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, fusidic acid and bacitracin. sch 34343 and imipenem were the most active agents tested. based on these results, sch 34343 appears to be a promising antimicrobial agent for anaerobic infections and warrants further clinical investigations. | 1985 | 2863246 |
| comparison of rapid perfringens medium and lactose sulfite medium for detection of clostridium perfringens. | two tubed media, lactose sulfite (ls) and rapid perfringens medium (rpm), were evaluated and compared for their ability to detect and enumerate clostridium perfringens in inoculated and naturally contaminated samples. in a 3-tube most probable number system, the number of organisms recovered from spiked samples was several-fold higher with rpm than with ls and was close to the numbers inoculated. levels detected in 15 naturally contaminated samples were also higher with rpm. only 13 of the sampl ... | 1985 | 2863250 |
| analysis by gas liquid chromatography of production of volatile fatty acids by anaerobic bacteria grown on solid medium. | volatile fatty acids produced in robertson's cooked meat medium by a range of clinically relevant anaerobes were compared by gas liquid chromatography with those produced in blood agar. the same volatile fatty acid profiles were obtained in both media, although the concentration of acids was lower in blood agar. we conclude that detection of volatile fatty acids from a pure culture of an organism on solid medium is practicable and offers advantages over the conventional technique. | 1985 | 2863288 |
| enteric colonization in sporadic neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. | microflora of the gut was studied close to the onset of sporadic necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) in neonates. enteric flora in 25 babies with nec differed from that in 23 matched controls. bacteroides spp and lactobacilli were less common in babies with nec compared with controls: 32 versus 61% (p = 0.03) and 12 versus 48% (p = 0.006), respectively. clostridium perfringens was isolated from 40% of babies with nec compared with 13% of controls (p = 0.03). it was present in 33% of babies with nec ... | 1985 | 2863341 |
| electron microscopy of clostridium perfringens in the intestine of neonatal pigs with necrotic enteritis. | | 1985 | 2863412 |
| animal feeds as likely vehicles of clostridial infections in livestock. | a total of sixteen samples were collected from various food items on seven farms in three states of nigeria. these samples yielded thirty one clostridial isolates which were identified as eleven species. the species most frequently isolated was clostridium perfringens representing 35.5% of the isolates. the next highest was c. bifermentans with a frequency of 22.6%. the other nine species identified were each isolated at frequencies less than 10%. no farm yielded all the species isolated. the fa ... | 1985 | 2863738 |
| worldwide distribution of the conjugative clostridium perfringens tetracycline resistance plasmid, pcw3. | the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that all conjugative r-plasmids of clostridium perfringens are closely related to the previously characterized tetracycline resistance plasmid, pcw3. fourteen conjugative r-plasmids derived from 11 c. perfringens strains isolated in australia, the united states, france, belgium, and japan were analyzed. eleven of the plasmids encoded tetracycline resistance while three carried both tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance. each of these plasmid ... | 1985 | 2863833 |
| [the saprophytic phase in the ecology of the causative agents of infectious diseases]. | | 1985 | 2863907 |
| purification and properties of spore-lytic enzymes from clostridium perfringens type a spores. | spores of clostridium perfringens contain at least two spore-lytic enzymes active in hydrolysing cortical peptidoglycan. one enzyme has been purified 1800-fold and has a molecular weight of 17 400 determined from chromatography on sephadex g-75. two protein bands were apparent after sds-page. the isolated enzyme was investigated for response to temperature, ph, ionic strength and enzyme inhibitors, and for mode of action. a second enzyme activity, differing from the first in apparent molecular w ... | 1985 | 2864386 |
| biotransformation of bile acids by clostridia. | the metabolism of bile acids by nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia (ndc) was studied. ndc were able to desaturate the a-ring of 5 beta-cholan-3-oxo-24-oic acid, 12 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-cholan-3-oxo-24-oic acid, 7 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-cholan-3-oxo-24-oic acid, 6 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-cholan-3-oxo-24-oic acid, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-3-oxo-24-oic acid, 3,12-dioxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid but not 3,6-dioxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid, 3,7-dioxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid and 3,7,12-t ... | 1985 | 2864454 |
| the suitability of tórtora's medium for the production of enterotoxin in clostridium perfringens strains. | examination of 200 samples from soil and the same number of samples from healthy human feces yielded 49 (24.5%) and 105 (52.5%) strains of heat-resistant clostridium perfringens respectively. fourteen (7.0%) strains isolated from soil and 37 (18.5%) from feces synthesized enterotoxin, as demonstrated by tórtora's method, at sufficient levels to permit its detection by mouse lethality, microslide double gel diffusion or counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests. by using the duncan-strong (ds) method, o ... | 1985 | 2864626 |
| [synthesis and properties of an affinity adsorbent for purifying neuraminidases of varying origins]. | neuraminidases (na) from clostridium perfringens, noncholera vibrios and influenza virus were purified by affinity chromatography on sepharose coupled to para-aminophenyl oxamic acid. adsorption was carried out at ph 5.5. the effect of elution conditions on purification of na was studied. the use of the ph gradient enhances 10-fold the purification degree as compared with the ph shift-elution process, 90% of the activity being eluted from the column within a ph range from 6.0 to 6.6. according t ... | 1985 | 2864684 |
| effect of carbohydrate modifications of factor viii/von willebrand factor on binding to platelets. | this study compares the ability of unmodified and carbohydrate-modified forms of factor viii/von willebrand factor (fviii/vwf) protein to bind to platelets in the presence of ristocetin or thrombin. treatment of intact fviii/vwf with alpha-d-neuraminidase results in more than 95% desialylation. asialo fviii/vwf retains total activity in ristocetin- and thrombin-mediated binding to platelets as demonstrated by direct and competitive binding assays. examination of its multimeric pattern by sodium ... | 1985 | 2864750 |
| diarrhoea due to enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens: clinical features and management of a cluster of ten cases. | clostridium perfringens has recently been shown to be associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. we describe here the clinical features and management of an outbreak of diarrhoea in a geriatric unit. ten cases were due to enterotoxigenic c. perfringens and in these cases there was a highly significant correlation with recent antibiotic administration (p = 0.0001). the importance of early recognition of c. perfringens as a cause of infective diarrhoea in the elderly is stressed. | 1985 | 2864815 |
| development of a minimal medium for clostridium perfringens by using an anaerobic chemostat. | a minimal medium was developed for the cultivation of clostridium perfringens in an anaerobic chemostat. cultures of c. perfringens atcc 3624 and nctc 10240 were grown at 46 and 43 degrees c, respectively, in a glucose-limited, chemically defined medium at ph 7.2. the concentrations of amino acids, minerals, nucleotides, and vitamins, initially present in excess, were varied independently. the minimum concentration of each nutrient which would support 3 x 10(8) cfu/ml with a generation time of l ... | 1985 | 2864896 |
| activation and injury of clostridium perfringens spores by alcohols. | the activation properties of clostridium perfringens nctc 8679 spores were demonstrated by increases in cfu after heating in water or aqueous alcohols. the temperature range for maximum activation, which was 70 to 80 degrees c in water, was lowered by the addition of alcohols. the response at a given temperature was dependent on the time of exposure and the alcohol concentration. the monohydric alcohols and some, but not all, of the polyhydric alcohols could activate spores at 37 degrees c. the ... | 1985 | 2864897 |
| clostridial myonecrosis of the chest wall complicating spontaneous esophageal rupture. | spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (boerhaave's syndrome) has a dismal survival rate without prompt surgical management. a variety of surgical regimens have achieved survival of 70% or greater; however, the postoperative course is frequently complicated by fistula, would infection, empyema, and sepsis. we report an unusual postoperative chest wound infection of clostridial myonecrosis, which presumably originated from the patient's gastric microflora. he was treated with immediate surgical deb ... | 1985 | 2864900 |
| a study on the mechanism of the epimerization at c-3 of chenodeoxycholic acid by clostridium perfringens. | the mechanism of 3-hydroxy epimerization of chenodeoxycholic acid by clostridium perfringens was investigated in 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-[2,2,4,4-2h4]-, 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-[3 beta-2h]- and 3 beta, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-[3 alpha-2h]-5 beta-cholanoic acid transformations. our findings rule out a dehydration-rehydration pathway and agree with a redox mechanism involving 3-oxochenodeoxycholic acid as intermediate. | 1985 | 2864922 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin. | hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin were produced by fusion of p3x63ag8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with purified enterotoxin. wells containing hybridomas secreting immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against enterotoxin were specifically identified by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and 10 elisa-positive hybridomas were selected and cloned twice by limiting dilution. all ... | 1985 | 2865210 |
| rapid detection of clostridium perfringens: comparison of lactose sulfite broth with tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar. | the lactose sulfite (ls) medium recommended for the detection and identification of clostridium perfringens in foods was compared with a reference method using tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine (tsc) agar for the enumeration of this organism in a variety of foods and food ingredients. c. perfringens was detected and enumerated in 17 of the 54 samples examined with ls broth, but its presence could be confirmed in only 9 of the samples with tsc agar. in only 2 instances, c. perfringens was detected on ... | 1985 | 2865247 |
| air sampling in operating theatres. | | 1985 | 2865304 |
| a double antibody sandwich enzyme-immunoassay for clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin detection in stool specimens. | a double antibody sandwich enzyme-immunoassay has been developed for detection of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. anti-enterotoxin immunoglobulin g-alkaline phosphatase conjugates were prepared using a rapid minicolumn procedure. the assay can achieve a sensitivity of greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml with purified enterotoxin. sensitivity for detection of cases of c. perfringens enteritis in a c. perfringens outbreak (86 individuals tested) was between 85.7 and 98.0 per cent depending upon ... | 1985 | 2865314 |
| [gas gangrene: a discussion of 3 cases and review of the literature]. | three patients with gas gangrene of the lower limbs are presented. in 2 of the 3 patients gas gangrene developed after lower-limb amputation, indications for amputation being atherosclerotic and diabetic gangrene. in the third patient associated leukaemia was diagnosed. all 3 patients presented with the typical clinical manifestations of gas gangrene. clostridium perfringens was isolated from the affected leg in each patient. the current application of surgery and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in th ... | 1985 | 2865825 |
| enteropathogenicity of purified clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the pig. | in an assay procedure, purified clostridium perfringens enterotoxin induced the accumulation of fluid in the ileal loop of the axenic pig. the smallest amount of enterotoxin causing a positive response was 25 micrograms (1:32 titer by counterimmunoelectrophoresis [ciep] ), and 100 micrograms (1:128 ciep titer) caused a marked response. possibly, diarrhea in pigs with 1:32 ciep titer or more of enterotoxin in the feces may be associated with enterotoxigenic c perfringens. | 1985 | 2865919 |
| epizootiologic investigations of a diarrheic syndrome in fattening pigs. | a diarrheic syndrome linked to clostridium perfringens was observed in fattening pigs. a good correlation was observed between the onset and the severity of diarrhea and the fecal passage of c perfringens enterotoxin. intestinal fluids from affected pigs had activity comparable with that detected in a purified c perfringens enterotoxin. seven pigs excreting enterotoxin were shown to develop serum antibodies to c perfringens enterotoxin. | 1985 | 2865920 |
| haemorrhagic necrotising enteritis in foals associated with clostridium perfringens. | two foals aged 35 and 48 h from 2 thoroughbred studs died several hours after developing clinical signs of depression, severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea and dehydration. both foals had an acute haemorrhagic enteritis extending from the anterior jejunum to the terminal ileum which was characterised histologically by villus necrosis. necrotic villi were surrounded by large numbers of rod-shaped gram positive bacteria. clostridium perfringens was recovered from the intestines of both foals and the isol ... | 1985 | 2865948 |
| the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in clostridium perfringens from pigs. | porcine faecal specimens were collected from piggeries in south western australia. clostridium perfringens strains were isolated, identified, and examined by disc susceptibility tests for their resistance to several antibiotics. the resultant data were correlated with the known exposure of the animals to antimicrobial agents in the feed or water. the results showed that the percentage of c. perfringens isolates resistant to tetracycline or the macrolide-lincosamide antibiotics was significantly ... | 1985 | 2865949 |
| [clostridium sepsis after artificial obliteration of the renal arteries]. | | 1985 | 2866034 |
| increased formation of arginine deiminase by clostridium perfringens fd-1 growing in the presence of caffeine. | caffeine slowed growth and markedly increased the formation of arginine deiminase in growing c. perfringens fd-1 when dextrin, but not maltose or maltotriose, served as the energy source. it is postulated that the ability of caffeine to induce arginine deiminase is related to an inhibition of polysaccharide utilization, resulting in a shift-down condition known to induce arginine deiminase and other enzymes in bacteria. | 1985 | 2866109 |
| transformation of bile acids into iso-bile acids by clostridium perfringens: possible transport of 3 beta-hydrogen via the coenzyme. | we have examined the mechanism for the bacterial transformation of chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid into the corresponding 3 beta-hydroxy epimers with the use of 3 alpha- and 3 beta-tritiated bile acids. the 3-oxo bile acids were transformed into the 3 alpha- (85%) and 3 beta- (15%) hydroxy bile acids after 20-hr incubation with clostridium perfringens. approximately 75% radioactivity was recovered in the aqueous medium when [3 beta-3h]chenodeoxycholic acid or [3 beta-3h]lithocholic ac ... | 1985 | 2866156 |
| effect of thiol-activated toxins (streptolysin o, alveolysin, and theta toxin) on the generation of leukotrienes and leukotriene-inducing and -metabolizing enzymes from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. | the generation of leukotrienes (ltc4, ltd4, lte4, and ltb4; 12-epi-ltb4 isomer) from human granulocytes by thiol-activated toxins (streptolysin o, alveolysin from bacillus alvei, and theta toxin from clostridium perfringens) is described. the release occurs under noncytolytic conditions. although ltb4 is the major component after calcium ionophore stimulation, more ltc4 as compared with ltb4 is released with the toxins. the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of toxin-mediated activation can effectively be i ... | 1985 | 2866160 |
| faecal carriage of clostridium perfringens. | the numbers and serotypes of clostridium perfringens present in the faeces of three groups of hospital patients and young healthy laboratory workers were examined in studies lasting between 10 and 13 weeks. in one hospital some long-stay geriatric patients carried relatively high numbers of c. perfringens (greater than 10(7)/g) most of the time and it was not unusual in any one week for the majority of these patients to carry the same serotype(s). however, the numbers of c. perfringens in the fa ... | 1985 | 2866214 |
| epidemiology of diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens. | enterotoxigenic strains of clostridium perfringens have recently been implicated in some cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. we present here the results of an epidemiological study of this disease. five cases of diarrhoea caused by c. perfringens serotype 41 occurred during a 9-week period, and then during a 6-week period there were three cases due to serotype 27 and two due to serotype 24; in all but one case two geriatric wards were involved. in total there were 16 cases in 22 months. al ... | 1985 | 2866253 |
| host factors predisposing to anaerobic infections. | anaerobic bacterial infections of man are typically associated with locally comprised tissues and commonly also with a systemically compromised host. thus, any condition that interferes with the systemic defence mechanisms of the host and thus predisposes to infection in general, increases the incidence of anaerobic infections also. it is generally true to say that anaerobic infections occur secondary to mechanical disruption of anatomical barriers, usually percutaneous in clostridial infections ... | 1985 | 2866580 |
| clostridium perfringens septicemia and acute leukemia. | three cases of fatal clostridial septicemia in patients with acute leukemia are described. predisposing factors and treatment are discussed. clostridium septicemia should always be suspected when a patient with neutropenia suddenly develops diffuse abdominal pain, fever, and tachycardia over 120/min. the importance of early treatment with penicillin or another adequate antibiotic is discussed. | 1985 | 2866667 |
| enterotoxaemia caused by clostridium perfringens type d in farmed fallow deer. | | 1985 | 2866762 |
| dna tris-intercalation: first acridine trimer with dna affinity in the range of dna regulatory proteins. kinetic studies. | a trimer made up of three acridine chromophores linked by a positively charged poly(aminoalkyl) chain was synthesized as a potential tris-intercalating agent. the length of the linking chain was selected to allow intercalation of each chromophore according to the excluded site model. 1h nmr studies have shown that, at 5 mm sodium, ph 5, the acridine trimer occurred under a folded conformation stabilized by stacking interactions between the three aromatic rings. dna tris-intercalation of the dye ... | 1985 | 2866796 |
| pancreatic carboxypeptidase hydrolysis of bile acid-amino conjugates: selective resistance of glycine and taurine amidates. | to find a possible explanation for the selective hepatic conjugation of bile acids with glycine or taurine, the n-acyl amidates of cholic acid and a number of amino acids and amino acid analogues were synthesized, and their susceptibility to hydrolysis by pancreatic juice, gastric juice, serum, or small intestinal mucosal enzymes was measured. deconjugation by pure carboxypeptidase a and b was also examined, and hydrolysis by these tissue fluids and enzymes was compared with that mediated by a b ... | 1986 | 2867000 |
| rapid identification of clostridium perfringens by counter-immunoelectrophoresis. | | 1985 | 2867453 |
| a review of pigbel (necrotising enteritis) in papua new guinea, 1961-1984. | pigbel has been recognised as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the papua new guinea highlands for over 20 years. the clinical features, epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease have been elucidated, leading to the development of an effective vaccine (clostridium perfringens type c beta toxoid) for the prevention of pigbel. | 1985 | 2867654 |
| enzymological heterogeneity of influenza b virus neuraminidase demonstrated by the fluorometric assay method. | the neuraminidase activity of 26 strains of influenza b virus isolated from all over the world was investigated colorimetrically, using fetuin as a substrate, and fluorometrically, using 4-methylumbelliferyl(4-mu)-n-ac-alpha-d-neuraminide as a substrate, with special reference to enzymological heterogeneity. the activity of influenza a viral neuraminidases and of a commercially available pure viral one was strongly inactivated by either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or glycoletherdiaminetetraa ... | 1985 | 2867656 |
| predictive markers for clostridium perfringens sepsis in high-risk newborns. | | 1986 | 2867673 |
| protoplast formation and cell wall regeneration in clostridium perfringens. | a protocol was developed for the efficient production and regeneration of clostridium perfringens protoplasts. cell wall regeneration frequencies of up to 5% were obtained. | 1985 | 2867739 |
| selective and differential medium for detecting clostridium botulinum. | a selective and differential growth medium was developed for detection of clostridium botulinum types a, b, and f. the medium consisted of peptone-glucose-yeast extract agar supplemented with cycloserine, 250 micrograms/ml; sulfamethoxazole, 76 micrograms/ml; and trimethoprim, 4 micrograms/ml as selective inhibitors and various types and levels of botulinal antibodies for type differentiation in the immunodiffusion reaction. growth of proteolytic types of c. botulinum were not affected by the in ... | 1985 | 2867740 |
| wound infection after lower extremity amputation because of ischemia. | the importance of postoperative wound infection in major amputations was elucidated by recording the organisms isolated in preoperatively infected gangrene and in postoperatively infected wounds of patients undergoing lower-limb amputations for ischemia. sixty-four amputations were performed on 61 patients. the frequency of coexisting diabetes mellitus was 34%. postoperative infections occurred in nearly two-thirds of the 19 cases of infected gangrene, as compared with less than one-third of cas ... | 1985 | 2867753 |
| histochemical demonstration of desialation and desulphation of normal and inflammatory bowel disease rectal mucus by faecal extracts. | experiments were carried out to assess the susceptibility of normal and inflammatory bowel disease rectal mucus to desulphation and desialation by faecal extracts and by bacterial sialidase. the effects were assessed histochemically using a combined high iron diamine (hid) and alcian blue (ab) stain for sulphomucins and sialomucins. rectal mucus in biopsies from controls (irritable bowel syndrome) and patients with ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease was resistant to desialation by clostridium ... | 1985 | 2867955 |
| characterization of a parasporal inclusion body from sporulating, enterotoxin-positive clostridium perfringens type a. | inclusion bodies (ib) synthesized during sporulation and enterotoxin formation by clostridium perfringens nctc 8239 and 8798 were isolated and characterized. ib were isolated by disruption of sporangia by sonication in the presence of tetrasodium edta and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. fractionation was carried out in a linear gradient of sodium bromide, sucrose, or diatrizoate sodium. denaturing and reducing agents were necessary to solubilize the ib. an alkylating agent was required to prevent ... | 1986 | 2867991 |
| alcohol induced b-a transition of dnas with different base compositions studied by circular dichroism. | the circular dichroic (cd) spectra of natural dnas (from cl. perfringens, t2 phage, calf thymus, e. coli, and m. lysodeikticus) as well as duplexes of synthetic dnas (poly(da) x poly(dt), poly(da-dt), and poly(dg-dc] were measured in water-ethanol mixtures with 0.3 mm nacl. a conformational change from the b to the a form was observed for the natural dnas on adding ethanol. the ethanol concentration that induces the transition and the extent of the change in the cd spectrum are different for the ... | 1985 | 2867995 |
| gas in the pelvis two months after laparotomy. | | 1986 | 2868019 |