| potential role of native and exotic deer and their associated ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the ecology of lyme disease in california, usa. | the relationship of native columbian black-tailed deer, two species of exotic deer (axis and fallow), and their ticks to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, was studied in coastal and inland areas of northern california, usa. spirochetemias were detected in 27% of black-tailed deer, 50% of axis deer, and 56% of fallow deer collected in late fall and winter. antibody prevalence was 38% in black-tailed deer, 24% in fallow deer, and 6% in axis deer. one to 3 tick species were collect ... | 1986 | 3554845 |
| discovery of the lyme disease spirochete: a historical review. | | 1986 | 3554846 |
| lyme disease and babesiosis: acaricide focused on potentially infected ticks. | permethrin-treated cotton, intended as rodent nesting material, was distributed in wooded sites in which the agents of lyme disease and babesiosis were enzootic, in order to kill immature ixodes dammini, the ticks that transmit these human pathogens. such ticks feed most abundantly on white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), apparently the main reservoir hosts of these agents, and tend to concentrate in mouse burrows. mice captured after permethrin-treated cotton was distributed, were infested b ... | 1987 | 3555140 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti in mice on islands inhabited by white-tailed deer. | borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti were isolated from 35 of 51 white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) captured on two narragansett bay, r.i., islands inhabited by deer, the principal host for the adult stages of the vector tick, ixodes dammini. immature ticks parasitized mice from both islands. from 105 mice captured on four other islands not inhabited by deer neither pathogen was isolated, nor were i. dammini found. | 1987 | 3555339 |
| [diagnosis and treatment of borrelia burgdorferi infections in france. apropos of 3 cases of lyme disease of neurological form]. | | 1987 | 3563368 |
| [lyme arthritis]. | infection by spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is mainly observed in the united states where it has taken the name of lyme's disease, and in europe. its evolution may be very extended, in several phases. a few weeks after a tick-bite, the primary lesion appears, which is a chronic migrating erythema. in the following weeks or months, in the secondary phase, nerve lesions may appear, quite similar in europe and in the united states, and cardiac lesions, mostly seen in the united states. in the foll ... | 1987 | 3563386 |
| in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, to four antimicrobial agents. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from human spinal fluid was determined in vitro and in vivo. a broth dilution technique was used to determine the mbcs of four antimicrobial agents. the lyme disease spirochete was most susceptible to ceftriaxone (mbc, 0.04 microgram/ml) and erythromycin (mbc, 0.05 microgram/ml), then tetracycline (mbc, 0.8 microgram/ml), and finally penicillin g (mbc, 6.4 micrograms/ml). syrian hamsters were used to determine the 50% curative dos ... | 1987 | 3566246 |
| duration of tick attachment and borrelia burgdorferi transmission. | nymphal ixodes dammini transmitted borrelia burgdorferi to 1 of 14 rodents exposed for 24 h, 5 of 14 rodents exposed for 48 h, and 13 of 14 rodents exposed for greater than or equal to 72 h. prompt removal of attached ticks is a prudent public health measure, especially in regions where lyme disease is endemic. | 1987 | 3571459 |
| lyme disease--another spirochaetal mimicker? | | 1987 | 3572023 |
| adult ixodes dammini on rabbits: a hypothesis for the development and transmission of borrelia burgdorferi. | a histological study of unfed ixodes dammini adults has shown that the lyme disease spirochete can be found in the midgut diverticula of these ticks and is presumably carried over from the nymphal stage. sequential histology of the early stages of ticks feeding on a rabbit showed that spirochetes began to divide and were located in close proximity or attached to the epithelial cells of the diverticulae. evidence for division was obtained by the higher number of spirochetes per tick after a three ... | 1987 | 3572040 |
| lyme borreliosis. proceedings of the second international symposium on lyme disease and related disorders. vienna, 1985. | | 1986 | 3577471 |
| ultrastructural differences among spirochetes isolated from patients with lyme disease and related disorders, and from ixodes ricinus. | previous studies on cells of strains b31 isolated in the u.s.a. from ixodes dammini and strain g25 isolated in sweden from ixodes ricinus, showed that their ultrastructure was similar, but not identical. for this reason the studies were extended to spirochetes isolated directly from patients with lyme disease and related disorders. included in the present study were three strains isolated from skin, blood and spinal fluid, respectively, from patients with lyme disease, two strains from patients ... | 1986 | 3577472 |
| european borrelia burgdorferi isolated from humans and ticks culture conditions and antibiotic susceptibility. | growth of borrelia burgdorferi in a modified kelly-medium is described. borrelia strains were isolated from patients (n = 11) and ticks i. ricinus (n = 19). the modified medium which contained co-trimoxazole is a very effective medium for isolating and culturing of borrelia sp. the susceptibility of 7 strains of b. burgdorferi to antibiotics was studied by the macrodilution and microdilution test. after preliminary testing for optimal conditions, we determined mics in modified kelly medium. the ... | 1986 | 3577473 |
| genetic analysis of borrelia. | dna homology studies were performed on borrelia hermsii, b. duttoni, b. crocidurae and the o. coriaceus spirochete. these organisms had a genus level relationship with each other. b. hermsii was 17 to 53% homologous with b. duttoni, b. crocidurae, and the o. coriaceus spirochetes; b. crocidurae was 17-32% related to b. hermsii, b. anserina and the o. coriaceus spirochete, and the o. coriaceus spirochete was 28-50% related to b. hermsii, b. crocidurae and b. anserina. the o. coriaceus spirochete ... | 1986 | 3577474 |
| borrelia burgdorferi lipopolysaccharide and its role in the pathogenesis of lyme disease. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) are a constitutive part of the outer wall of gram negative bacteria. because many of the symptoms of lyme disease could be explained by a spirochetal lps we have subjected borrelia burgdorferi to standard lps extraction techniques which yielded a lps which accounted for 1.5-4% of the dry weight. the lps was very similar to classical gram negative bacterial lps both chemically and in its biological activities which included pyrogenicity, mitogenicity for lymphocytes and ... | 1986 | 3577475 |
| endotoxin-like activity associated with lyme disease borrelia. | the newly recognized spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, has been examined for endotoxin-like activities as measured by the standard farmacopea ufficiale della republica italiana rabbit fever test and the limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. the suspension of heat-killed microorganism caused a febrile response at a dose of 1 x 10(8) bacteria pro kilo. similar results were obtained in the limulus assay where the heat-killed spirochetes stimulated formation of solid ... | 1986 | 3577476 |
| susceptibility of the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis, to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. | experiments to determine whether ixodes scapularis can be infected with the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi, demonstrated that infection and transstadial transmission occurs in up to 73% of larval ticks that had fed on spirochetemic rabbits. in a limited number of nymphal ticks examined, the spirochetes were found only in the midgut. feeding nymphal i. scapularis on a normal rabbit resulted in blood infection characterized by two distinct periods of spirochetemia, suggesting the occurre ... | 1986 | 3577477 |
| the spectrum of organ and systems pathology in human lyme disease. | lymphocytes, plasma cells, and mononuclear phagocytes are frequently found in human tissues infected by the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. experience has shown that these cells comprise the tissue bed inflammatory infiltrate in lyme disease affecting the joint synovia, myocardium, and skin. while many differences otherwise exist, lyme synovitis has lymphoplasmacellular similarities with rheumatoid synovitis, lymphoplasmacellular epimyocarditis similarities with syphilitic myocard ... | 1986 | 3577479 |
| remarks on the infectious disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi. | | 1986 | 3577480 |
| clinical features of early erythema migrans disease and related disorders. | 104 patients with erythema migrans disease (emd), 7 patients with borrelia lymphocytoma (bl), and 21 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) were prospectively followed for a median of 20, 14, and 12 months, respectively. 99 patients with emd and 6 with bl were treated with antibiotics early for their illness. 72 patients with emd had 1 to 10 constitutional symptoms besides the erythema migrans, 32 had erythema migrans alone, and a child with bl had urticaria. out of 39 patients ... | 1986 | 3577481 |
| erythema chronicum migrans afzelius in sweden. a study on 231 patients. | in order to describe the clinical manifestations of erythema chronicum migrans afzelius (ecma) in sweden and to compare them with those in lyme disease in the united states, 231 patients with ecma were investigated. although there are many similarities between the two disorders the findings also point to differences. the skin lesions were of longer duration (median 5-6 weeks) than those in lyme disease but less often multiple (8%). general symptoms were found in about half of the patients with a ... | 1986 | 3577482 |
| microbiological findings in erythema (chronicum) migrans and related disorders. | in order to evaluate the virtual advantage of proving borrelial infection in dermatoses clinically diagnosed as erythema (chronicum) migrans (ecm), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) or lymphadenosis cutis benigna (lcb) by means of histological, cultural or serological trials, skin and serum samples obtained from altogether 99 patients suffering from these dermatoses were examined. serum and--to some extent--skin specimens gained from healthy individuals (n = 36), patients with not tick b ... | 1986 | 3577483 |
| morphea another manifestation of lyme disease? | | 1986 | 3577486 |
| joint and bone involvement in swedish patients with ixodes ricinus-borne borrelia infection. | the presence of signs of joint involvement was investigated in 231 patients with erythema chronicum migrans afzelius (ecma), in 50 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca), in four patients with spirochete-induced facial palsy and in one patient with pericarditis and serologic evidence of borrelia spirochetal infection. only one of 16 untreated patients with ecma developed arthritis. the patient with pericarditis had suffered from arthritis for 2 months when the cardiac symptoms d ... | 1986 | 3577487 |
| borrelia transfer by ticks during their life cycle. studies on laboratory animals. | ticks of the species ixodes ricinus were cultured in the laboratory. yellow silver rabbits, gerbils and white mice served as blood hosts. borrelia burgdorferi could be detected by means of an ifa test in homogenates of female ticks, their eggs as well as the respective larval and nymphal ticks. blood infection of splenectomized gerbils and ordinary white mice or of ordinary white mice alone has been demonstrated after feeding of larval or nymphal ticks on them, respectively. spirochetemia starte ... | 1986 | 3577489 |
| culturing borrelia burgdorferi from spleen and kidney tissues of wild-caught white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus. | borrelia burgdorferi was isolated most frequently from tissue of spleen (n = 13) and kidney (n = 10) and less often from blood (n = 5) of wild-caught peromyscus leucopus. prevalence of infection tended to be highest at sites where lyme disease was most common (e.g., 5 of 6 mice were positive in east haddam, connecticut). spirochetes were not isolated in danbury or new hartford, areas where this malady is rare. however, in fairfield, where the disease is also uncommon, 4 of 9 mice were infected. ... | 1986 | 3577490 |
| the prevalence and significance of borrelia burgdorferi in the urine of feral reservoir hosts. | live borrelia burgdorferi were isolated from the blood and/or urine of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) collected on shelter island, new york, in 1984 and 1985. prevalence of spirochetes in urine was consistently higher than in blood or both fluids simultaneously. spirochetes remained viable for 18-24 hours in urine and were maintained in culture for one week. mice removed from the field were spirocheturic for at least 13 months. one spirocheturic mouse developed spirochetemia one month a ... | 1986 | 3577491 |
| vaccination of hamsters against experimental infection with borrelia burgdorferi. | vaccination of syrian hamsters with a single dose of 50 micrograms to 100 micrograms dry weight of a whole cell preparation of borrelia burgdorferi provided 75% to 86% protection against infection. | 1986 | 3577492 |
| evolution of a focus of lyme disease. | epidemiological investigations were initiated in 1984 when significant lyme disease activity was observed within a 5-km radius of an area previously used as a non-endemic control site for lyme disease research in new jersey. through 1983, collections of ixodes dammini from vegetation and feral rodents were infrequent and no human cases were identified within a 16-km radius of the control site. in 1984, 4 human cases and 3 serologically reactive canines (greater than or equal to 1:512) were recog ... | 1986 | 3577493 |
| comparison of rates of infection by the lyme disease spirochete in selected populations of ixodes dammini and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | at a major endemic focus in new jersey, 50% of 290 adult ixodes dammini collected in the fall of 1984 were infected with the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi), which was statistically higher than the rate found in the 202 adult ticks (39.6%) examined during the spring. neither sex nor site of collection within the focus significantly affected the infection rate. the observed infection rates were similar to those reported in endemic areas of new york and connecticut. borrelia burgdor ... | 1986 | 3577494 |
| austrian hard ticks as vectors of borrelia burgdorferi, overview. | | 1986 | 3577495 |
| bannwarth's syndrome: serum and csf igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi examined by elisa. | a newly identified spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, has recently been established as the causal agent of chronic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome, bs). an etiological diagnosis can be obtained by specific antibody determination. to detect intrathecally produced borrelia antibodies, we examined paired serum and csf samples from 10 bs patients and 41 controls. csf/serum igg specific antibody indices were calculated by relating the csf/serum ratio of specific antibody activity to the csf/s ... | 1987 | 3577666 |
| jarisch-herxheimer reaction in lyme disease. | the jarisch-herxheimer reaction includes the accentuation of symptoms during antibiotic therapy. more commonly associated with the treatment of syphilis, it can also occur in patients treated for lyme disease caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. | 1987 | 3581911 |
| ixodes dammini and borrelia burgdorferi in northern new england and upstate new york. | | 1987 | 3585637 |
| dissemination and salivary delivery of lyme disease spirochetes in vector ticks (acari: ixodidae). | | 1987 | 3585913 |
| chronic forms of borrelia burgdorferi infection of the nervous system. | three european patients had chronic active forms of borrelia burgdorferi infection of the nervous system, with high titers of antibodies to this spirochete in serum and csf. two patients had meningitis for 3 to 4 years, with remissions in one and slowly progressive symptoms in the other. both had ct lucencies in the basal ganglia. the third patient had lumbosacral plexus neuropathy for 1 year. all three patients responded to intravenous penicillin treatment. | 1987 | 3587624 |
| [lyme disease--a tick-transmitted spirochete infection]. | | 1987 | 3590002 |
| cns manifestations of third stage lyme disease. | | 1987 | 3591079 |
| involvement of borrelia burgdorferi in cranial nerve affection. | from january 1984 to august 1985 54 patients presented with cranial nerve lesions at the neurological department of the university hospital innsbruck. median age was 42 years, range 5-81 years. female male ratio was 49/15. in 17 patients cranial neuritis was consistent with meningopolyneuritis bannwarth (mpn) in 37 cases mere facial palsy was present. cranial neuritis in mpn-patients affected n. facilis in 10, n. opticus and n. oculo-motorius in one case each. five patients had polyneuritis cran ... | 1987 | 3591083 |
| neurological manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi-infections: the enlarging clinical spectrum. | we report on the clinical symptoms of 50 patients with serologically proven b. burgdorferi infection in stage 2 lyme disease. besides the typical pattern of the gbb-syndrom myelitis, encephalitis, cranial nerve neuritis others than bell's palsy, painful neuritis without csf-pleocytosis and meningitis without other neurological findings were observed. | 1987 | 3591084 |
| bannwarth's syndrome and the enlarged neurological spectrum of arthropod-borne borreliosis. | we evaluated the clinical data of 80 patients with neurological disorders due to european arthropod-borne borrelia burgdorferi infections proven by specific antibody titers. painful meningoradiculitis of bannwarth was the predominant neurological manifestation in adults, whereas meningitis with headache and slight stiff neck was the most frequent neurological syndrome in children. central nervous system involvement occurred only in 13% of the patients; one of these patients had chronic encephalo ... | 1987 | 3591086 |
| acute and chronic illness after tick-bite borrelia burgdorferi-infections: results of treatment. | we report on clinical and laboratory findings of 28 patients with tick-bite borrelia burgdorferi-infection. in 5 cases chronic tertiary metaluetic manifestations were recognized. all were treated either with high-dose penicillin intravenously or tetracycline. results of treatment and recommendations are given. | 1987 | 3591090 |
| generalized exanthema, acute hepatitis with porphyrinuria and eosinophilia. another clinical feature of lyme disease? | | 1987 | 3591092 |
| demonstration of locally synthesized borrelia antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. | antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi develop slowly. low titers can be anamnestic. in order to prove the etiology of manifestations of erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system like meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth or progressive borrelia encephalomyelitis we used the elisa to measure specific igg antibodies against ixodes ricinus borrelia per microgram igg in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. with the mentioned method we were able to demonstrate locally synthesized an ... | 1987 | 3591093 |
| prevalence of canine lyme disease from an endemic area as determined by serosurvey. | from august 1984 through february 1985, 423 dogs from 43 municipalities in 7 new jersey counties were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). of these dogs, 34.7% with no apparent clinical symptoms were serologically reactive (ifa greater than or equal to 1:64); titers in this study ranged from non-reactive to 1:2048. ninety percent of the dogs surveyed had a current vaccination status to leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and icteroh ... | 1987 | 3591094 |
| erythema chronicum migrans disease in the federal republic of germany. | epidemiology and clinical presentation of erythema chronicum migrans disease are not well known yet. during a period of only 19 months, serological and clinical investigation of 2955 patients rendered 1106 cases of infection whose widespread incidence was remarkable: of the 328 administration districts of the frg, 205 were affected. accordingly, positive antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi could be demonstrated in an average of 15.7% of the investigated rural population (2830 persons). typic ... | 1987 | 3591095 |
| infectiousness for humans of ixodes ricinus containing borrelia burgdorferi. | we studied the rate of transmission of borrelia burgdorferi from ticks (ixodes ricinus) to man under field conditions in a case control study. at a holiday camp in southern germany 384 ticks were removed from 272 persons. information on symptoms possibly related to borrelia infection were obtained by a questionnaire to be sent back six weeks after the tick bite. ticks were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (ift) for borrelia and 49 (12.8%) were found positive. blood was obtained from 41 ... | 1987 | 3591103 |
| clinical and geographic characteristics of lyme disease in new york. | the clinical and geographic characteristics of 679 patients who met the clinical definition of lyme disease and who had antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1: 128 to borrelia burgdorferi for a two year period, 1983-1984, are described. males outnumbered females 60% to 40% for the two year period and nearly half of all cases were children and young adults nineteen years old or younger. forty percent of the patients reported single or multiple tick bites prior to the onset of illness and t ... | 1987 | 3591104 |
| lyme disease in texas. | | 1987 | 3591105 |
| lyme disease in canada with possible transmission by an insect. | the first documented case of lyme disease to have originated in canada is presented. a 51-year old french female nurse visited quebec, canada from 20 july to 5 august, 1984 and contracted lyme disease. she reported an insect bite on 3 august 1984 on the back of her knee with erythema chronicum migrans appearing at the site of the bite on 5 august 1984. the patient presented with meningeal lymphocytic reaction near the end of september, 1984. total ig serum titers in indirect immunofluorescence t ... | 1987 | 3591106 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection in man. | | 1987 | 3597034 |
| transovarial transmission of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes dammini (acari:ixodidae). | | 1987 | 3598218 |
| linear plasmids of the bacterium borrelia burgdorferi have covalently closed ends. | the genetics of spirochetes, a division of eubacteria, has been little studied. double-stranded linear plasmids were found in borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease. a 49-kilobase linear plasmid contained the ospa and ospb genes, which encode the major outer membrane proteins of strain b31. molecules of the 49-kilobase plasmid rapidly reannealed after alkaline denaturation; rapid renaturation was prevented if the 49-kilobase plasmids were first treated with s1 nuclease. when denatured p ... | 1987 | 3603026 |
| choroid plexitis in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern new york state. | brains, spinal cords, nerve roots, nerves and muscle tissues were removed from deer in southern new york state and examined for histologic evidence of infection by the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. there was no histologic evidence of this infection and only four of 26 deer had serologic evidence of past infection despite the fact that all were parasitized by the tick vector, ixodes dammini. of these ticks, 21% were carrying b. burgdorferi. in contrast, most of the deer h ... | 1987 | 3603961 |
| cytologic features of cerebrospinal fluid in lyme disease. | the cytomorphologic findings in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of four patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (lyme disease) related to a tick bite (due in at least two cases to borrelia burgdorferi) are reported. in all cases, the may-grünwald-giemsa-stained centrifuge preparations of the csf showed a cellular pattern consisting of a lymphocytic pleocytosis composed mainly of immunoblasts and plasma cells associated with numerous foamy macrophages. direct immunofluorescence studies in one ... | 1987 | 3604539 |
| lyme disease ecology in wisconsin: distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini, and prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals. | lyme disease recently has been recognized in wisconsin. trapping studies were conducted at four geographically separate and ecologically distinct regions in wisconsin to elucidate the distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini on small and medium sized mammals, and the occurrence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in these wild mammals. peak i. dammini larval activity occurred from june-september. nymphs were most active from may-august. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and ch ... | 1987 | 3605501 |
| transovarial and transstadial passage of borrelia burgdorferi in the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae). | transovarial and transstadial passage of borrelia burgdorferi was demonstrated for the first time in the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus. one of three field-collected females with spirochetes in ovarial tissues produced 100% infected progeny that maintained the spirochetes transstadially and in 4 of 5 cases passed them via eggs to as many as 97% of f2 filial ticks. the progeny infected ovarially and by subsequent transstadial passage had generalized tissue infections that exhibited r ... | 1987 | 3605502 |
| electron microscopy studies of human intestinal spirochetes. | the ultrastructure of twenty human intestinal spirochetes was analyzed using the electron microscope. negatively stained cells were generally found to be loosely and irregularly waved. the isolates had cell dimensions ranging from 0.18-0.35 micron in width and from 3.9-14.2 micron in length. twin bundles of flagella were present in the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane. the majority of isolates had five flagella inserted sub-terminally at each cell end. human intestin ... | 1987 | 3609249 |
| isolation of borrelia spirochetes from patients in texas. | the texas department of health laboratory began culturing the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in 1985. this organism was subsequently isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluid, skin, bone, and autopsy tissues from humans. fluorescent-antibody tests with murine monoclonal antibodies confirmed that seven of these isolates were b. burgdorferi and that two others belonged to the genus borrelia. | 1987 | 3611307 |
| [lyme disease]. | | 1987 | 3614394 |
| [meningoradiculitis after a tick bite. study of 31 cases]. | a retrospective study covering a period of 20 years identified reports on 31 cases of meningoradiculitis of the garin-bujadoux-bannwarth type (mrgbb). clinical, biological, electromyographic characteristics and course of the disease were studied. the most recent cases (n = 8) in 1984 and 1985 had serological tests for borrelia burgdorferi and half of the cases had negative results. conversely, in some patients with meningoradiculitis, even in the absence of a tick bite or of migrating chronic er ... | 1987 | 3616364 |
| [anti-cardiolipin antibodies in lyme disease]. | | 1987 | 3616457 |
| [lyme disease from the neurologist's viewpoint]. | the gamut of neurological symptoms observed in lyme disease is outlined on the basis of 45 case histories. the borrelia infection of the nervous system manifests itself primarily at the spinal roots and the cranial nerves. signs of spinal cord and brain involvement were found in well over a third of the patients studied. these may be taken as the result of the infection spreading to parenchymatous structures or as vessel reactions and infections. long-lasting exhaustion and residual focal defici ... | 1987 | 3616582 |
| [epidemiology of ixodes-borreliosis in southern germany]. | intimate adaptation occurs between european strains of borrelia burgdorferi and the local hard tick ixodes ricinus. i. dammini, the important vector in usa, could not be infected experimentally with a strain of the lyme spirochete from southern germany. other species of blood suckers are sometimes able to maintain uptaken spirochetes for a few days, but never to compensate the tick vector. man seems to be a good host for b. burgdorferi but without epidemiological significance due to his poor vec ... | 1987 | 3623604 |
| absence of lipopolysaccharide in the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. | we were unable to demonstrate the presence of the classic enterobacterium-type lipopolysaccharide in the cells of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi b31. this finding was primarily based on chemical analysis and the absence of free lipid a upon mild acid hydrolysis of the appropriate cell extracts. these results do not preclude the possible existence of an unusual lipopolysaccharide-like compound(s) in b. burgdorferi. | 1987 | 3623705 |
| seasonal prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in natural populations of white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus. | borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, was isolated from 111 of 237 peromyscus leucopus captured during all seasons of the year. borreliae were cultured from tissues of the spleen (101 mice), left kidney (76 mice), and right kidney (73 mice), from blood (12 mice), and from one fetus. mice were infected during the winter, when immature ixodes dammini were inactive. the prevalence of infection during the winter (less than or equal to 33%) was more than twofold lower than that d ... | 1987 | 3624451 |
| experimental infections of mosquitoes with borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease. | | 1987 | 3624914 |
| relapsing fever/lyme disease. multiple sclerosis. | lyme disease and relapsing fever caused by borrelia burdorferi and borrelia hermsii, respectively, have been generally considered curable if diagnosed early. however, it is becoming apparent that when these diseases are left undiagnosed and untreated they may cause severe problems for some people. they, in fact, may be one of the major causes of multiple sclerosis. these two borrelia infections, when left untreated, are now known to be capable of causing neurological problems, cardiac problems, ... | 1986 | 3642202 |
| [is cardiac involvement found also in european erythema migrans borreliosis?]. | during an infection with borrelia burgdorferi two men (aged 59 and 61 years, respectively) developed long-lasting cardiac arrhythmias which proved difficult to treat (tachycardias; in one patient due to atrial fibrillation, and also nodal arrhythmias). the cardiac signs completely regressed after specific antibiotic treatment, supporting the view that the cardiac involvement was due to borrelia infection, as is known to have occurred with lyme disease reported from the usa. | 1987 | 3652950 |
| antigenic changes of borrelia burgdorferi as a result of in vitro cultivation. | | 1987 | 3655406 |
| lyme disease in japan and its possible incriminated tick vector, ixodes persulcatus. | | 1987 | 3655407 |
| in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferi. | the antispirochetal activity in vitro and in vivo of several antibiotics against ten isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from human spinal fluids and skin biopsies was determined. borrelia burgdorferi was most susceptible in vitro to erythromycin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (mic90: 0.06, 0.06, 0.12 mcg/ml respectively). less activity was observed with tetracycline, amoxycillin and lincomycin (mic90: 0.50 mcg/ml), imipenem and augmentin (mic90: 0.25 mcg/ml), oxacillin (mic90: 1 mcg/ml), ciprofloxaci ... | 1987 | 3665899 |
| simultaneous transmission of borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti by individual nymphal ixodes dammini ticks. | nymphal ixodes dammini ticks, selected from a group of ticks in which 22 of 31 (71%) contained dual borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti infections, simultaneously transmitted b. burgdorferi and b. microti to 4 of 7 (57%) hamsters exposed to individual ticks. | 1987 | 3667924 |
| igm rheumatoid factor in lyme disease: correlation with disease activity, total serum igm, and igm antibody to borrelia burgdorferi. | we tested the sera of 50 patients with lyme disease for igm-rheumatoid factor (igm-rf) using a sensitive elisa. levels of igm-rf greater than 3 sd above the mean of normal subjects were found in 2 of 15 patients with erythema chronicum migrans, 7 of 10 with neurologic abnormalities, and 7 of 25 with lyme arthritis (p = 0.038). only 2 of these sera were positive by latex agglutination. in contrast, none of the 23 control patients with osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or reiter's syndrome h ... | 1987 | 3668982 |
| [chronic borrelia disease of the central nervous system]. | a few years ago meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (bannwarth's syndrome) was discovered to be a neurological manifestation of lyme disease transmitted by tick-bites and caused by ixodes-ricinus-spirochaete (borrelia burgdorferi). not enough attention is given to the fact that more serious and chronic disease of the central nervous system may be entailed. two cases are reported in which detection of the borrelian-antibodies corroborated the diagnosis. after parenteral treatment with pen ... | 1987 | 3670517 |
| [lyme disease, an infectious cause of facial paralysis. apropos of a case]. | a case of facial palsy first unilateral then bilateral, due to lyme disease, is reported. this disease, transmitted by ticks, is caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) known as the etiologic agent since 1982. | 1987 | 3674641 |
| chronic muscle weakness caused by borrelia burgdorferi meningoradiculitis. | a 19-year-old man developed chronic weakness of the lower limbs as the predominant manifestation of borrelia burgdorferi infection of the nervous system. spirochetes were demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid. the condition resolved following intravenous penicillin treatment. | 1987 | 3674804 |
| [lyme borreliosis in south germany. epidemiologic data on the incidence of cases and on the epidemiology of ticks (ixodes ricinus) carrying borrelia burgdorferi]. | among 2403 ticks (ixodes ricinus) tested in 1985 for borrelia 328 (13.6%) were carriers (adults about 20%, nymphs about 10%, larvae about 1%). the highest prevalence of infected ticks was among adult ticks in the isar region north of munich (33.8%). among 9383 persons whose serum had been examined by fluorescence serology in 1985 and 1986, 1035 (11%) had raised borrelia-specific igg and/or igm antibodies greater than or equal to 1:64. in 18.7% only igm antibodies were demonstrated. among 375 pro ... | 1987 | 3678074 |
| seasonal variation of transmission risk of lyme disease and human babesiosis. | the seasonal host-seeking pattern of nymphal ixodes dammini infected with babesia microti or borrelia burgdorferi was determined on nantucket island, massachusetts, during 1985. the peak period of host-seeking by infected nymphal i. dammini occurred in may and june. on a per person-hour basis, the number of infected ticks collected reached a maximum in may (babesia = 17.3; borrelia = 16.2). the number of infected ticks remained high in june, but decreased notably in july, august, and september. ... | 1987 | 3687924 |
| susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). | the susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat, sigmodon hispidus, to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, was investigated by inoculating rats with infected tick suspensions or by allowing infected ixodes scapularis nymphs to feed on them. culture of blood samples in bsk ii medium demonstrated that cotton rats developed spirochetemias that lasted for a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks and were of sufficient concentration to infect simultaneously feeding normal i. scapularis nymphs. the spiroc ... | 1987 | 3688316 |
| encephalitis associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection in a horse. | infection with borrelia burgdorferi was associated with encephalitis in a horse. the horse lived in an area of wisconsin endemic for b burgdorferi infection. borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from the brain, but rabies virus was not detected in the brain. serum obtained from the horse had a b burgdorferi antibody titer of 1:2,048, but was negative for antibodies to eastern and western encephalomyelitis. | 1987 | 3692996 |
| arthritis and systemic disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi infection in a cow. | infection with borrelia burgdorferi caused arthritis, myocarditis, glomerulonephritis, and pneumonitis in a cow. spirochetes were detected by use of immunofluorescent staining in liver and lung specimens and were isolated from the liver. the carpal, stifle, and tarsal joints had marked synovial proliferation, and synovial fluid obtained from these joints had high antibody titers against b burgdorferi. the cow was from an area of wisconsin that is not endemic for borreliosis. | 1987 | 3692999 |
| colony formation and morphology in borrelia burgdorferi. | two strains of borrelia burgdorferi, b31 and 297, formed colonies when plated onto barbour-stoenner-kelly medium solidified with agarose (1.3%) and incubated in a candle jar at 34 degrees c. colonies differing in morphology were observed in both strains after 2 to 3 weeks of incubation. strain b31 colonies were either compact, round (mean diameter, 0.43 mm), and restricted to the surface of the agarose medium or diffuse (mean diameter, 1.80 mm) and penetrating into the solid medium. strain 297 c ... | 1987 | 3693538 |
| transovarially acquired lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) in field-collected larval ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae). | | 1986 | 3701806 |
| endotoxicity associated with the lyme disease borrelia: recent findings. | the endotoxicity of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, a tick-borne spirochetosis, was studied using limulus assay and pyrogen test in rabbit. some suspensions of ixodes ricinus and ixodes dammini associated borrelia were able to gelify limulus lysate and demonstrated a febrile response in rabbit. these findings and other recent data demonstrating an endotoxin-like activity of the lyme disease agent are discussed in the context of the pathogenic mechanisms of the illness. | 1986 | 3713546 |
| longitudinal assessment of the clinical and epidemiological features of lyme disease in a defined population. | from 1979 to 1983, lyme disease was studied longitudinally in the 162 long-term residents of great island, massachusetts. in retrospect, the index case occurred in 1962, and the peak years of disease transmission (about three new cases per 100 residents per year) were the late 1970s. thereafter, during the period of active surveillance, attack rates declined by half. altogether, 26 (16%) of the 162 residents developed symptoms of the disease. most of those affected had erythema chronicum migrans ... | 1986 | 3722867 |
| spirochetal diseases of the cns. | the neurotropism of the spirochete is evident from the above discussions of syphilis, lyme disease, leptospirosis, and relapsing fever. in all of these diseases, the organism very likely enters the cns very early in the course of the disease. the fate of the organism then depends on the virulence of the spirochete, the host defenses, and any antibiotic treatment administered. why treponema pallidum lays dormant in the cns and then somehow reactivates is a mystery; the same mystery occurs in lyme ... | 1986 | 3724737 |
| [progressive borreliosis: a rare variation of lyme disease]. | | 1986 | 3725378 |
| [erythema migrans. the clinical spectrum of borrelia burgdorferi infection]. | 17 patients with acute and chronic symptoms of borrelia burgdorferi infection are described. these cases, which were diagnosed within a short period of time at the männedorf-zürich hospital, suggest that erythema migrans disease is likely to be frequent in switzerland as well as elsewhere. | 1986 | 3726507 |
| lyme disease associated with optic neuropathy. | a 53-year-old man is described in whom ischemic optic neuropathy was part of the clinical picture of lyme disease. this finding has not previously been reported as a neurologic manifestation of the disease. such a complication could result from direct tissue invasion of the causative spirochete or may be due to immune-mediated inflammation. | 1986 | 3728541 |
| septal panniculitis as a manifestation of lyme disease. | a 22-year-old woman presented with fever, chills, photophobia, and headaches, followed by a centrally clearing erythematous skin eruption, migratory polyarthralgias, conjunctivitis, and subsequently, tender, nodular skin lesions. antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were consistent with acute lyme disease. skin biopsy revealed acute septal panniculitis. this dermatologic manifestation has not been previously described in lyme disease. | 1986 | 3728543 |
| neurologic abnormalities in lyme disease without erythema chronicum migrans. | the clinical features in eight patients with neurologic abnormalities typical of lyme disease and elevated titers of antibody to the spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, its causative agent, are described. none of the patients had the diagnostic skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans. lyme arthritis, the other clinical marker for the disease, developed subsequently in only three. the neurologic abnormalities included aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, cranial neuritis, motor and sensory radiculitis ... | 1986 | 3728556 |
| [borrelia-associated dermatoses]. | erythema chronicum migrans (e.c.m.), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (a.c.a.) and lymphadenosis benigna cutis (l.b.c.) are infectious diseases according to koch's criteria, after the infectious agent-borrelia-burgdorferi-could could be isolated. clinic, pathology and therapy of these three diseases are presented in detail. the correlation to the lyme disease is being discussed. we believe that e.c.m., a.c.a. and l.b.c. are different entities determined by the virulence of the infectious agen ... | 1986 | 3744416 |
| passive immunization of hamsters against experimental infection with the lyme disease spirochete. | hamsters passively immunized with as little as 0.0125 ml of immune rabbit serum (indirect fluorescent-antibody titer, 1:8,192) were protected from challenge with 1,000 50% infective doses of borrelia burgdorferi. cross-protection studies with minnesota and connecticut isolates of b. burgdorferi indicated no major differences in their capacity to elicit mutually protective antibodies in rabbits. | 1986 | 3744563 |
| specificity of csf antibodies against components of borrelia burgdorferi in patients with meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth. | the specificity of immunoglobulin (ig) for components of borrelia burgdorferi was investigated in cerebrospinal fluid (csf), serum and in csf oligoclonal bands from nine patients with meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (mpn-gbb). all patients showed specific igg and igm antibodies in serum and csf when incubated with a lysate of b. burgdorferi strain b 31. specific antibody was detected in csf but not in paired serum samples, indicating intrathecal synthesis. investigation of the speci ... | 1986 | 3746362 |
| lyme disease. | | 1986 | 3747983 |
| [lyme disease (erythema migrans disease)]. | | 1986 | 3750228 |
| concurrent borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti infection in nymphal ixodes dammini. | ixodes dammini nymphs were examined for evidence of concurrent infection with borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti. a total of 19 nymphs (18.6%) from nantucket island were simultaneously infected, as were 24 nymphs (8.2%) from naushon island. these observations are consistent with a common reservoir host for both i. dammini-transmitted pathogens. | 1986 | 3760136 |
| newly recognized leptospira species ("leptospira inadai" serovar lyme) isolated from human skin. | leptospira strain 10, which represents a new leptospira species, was isolated from a skin biopsy of a patient with lyme disease. although pathogenic for laboratory animals, the organism was not considered to have a significant role in the patient's illness. | 1986 | 3760144 |
| optic disc edema and lyme disease. | a seven-year-old child developed a febrile rash, migratory arthritis, and neurologic signs. three days earlier, the child had been bitten by a tick. an eye examination two months later revealed bilateral papilledema, although the cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 170 mm. the igm antibody titer for the ixodes dammini spirochete was 1:256. i dammini is the tick vector for the borrelia spirochete that causes lyme disease. the papilledema receded with treatment over a month's time, and bilateral pigm ... | 1986 | 3767210 |