| gedunin, a novel natural substance, inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation. | the discovery of more active therapeutic compounds is essential if the outcome for patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer is to be improved. gedunin, an extract of the neem tree, has been used as a natural remedy for centuries in asia. recently, gedunin has been shown to have potential in vitro antineoplastic properties; however, its effect on ovarian cancer cells is unknown. we evaluated the in vitro effect of gedunin on skov3, ovcar4, and ovcar8 ovarian cancer cell lines prolif ... | 2009 | 19955938 |
| detection of a related difference in efficacy of azadirachtin treatments for the control of whiteflies on gerbera jamesonii by testing for interactions in generalised linear models. | within a project cluster, systemical effects of two neem treatments (neem azal u and neem pellet) on the number of trialeurodes vaporariorum (westw.) in gerbera jamesonii flori line maxi were investigated. in order to minimise adverse ecological effects of a product, a new plant protection product can be declared as superior to a reference if it shows the same or a higher effect at a lower dosage. | 2010 | 19924680 |
| azadirachta indica as a public health tool for the control of malaria & other vector-borne diseases. | | 2009 | 19797806 |
| effect of azadirachtin of neemix-4.5 on swr/j mice. | inbred normal swr/j male and female mice, 8-10 weeks old and weighing 22.55-26.72 g, were used throughout the study. a total of 100 males and 100 females were used and were divided into 20 groups, 10 animals in each group. azadirachtin of neemix-4.5, a commercial botanical pesticide derived from the neem tree, orally administered to male and female swr/j mice at a dose level 9.0 mg/kg (1/10 ld50) for different treatment periods (2, 4, 6, 8 or 11.5 weeks) has produced signs of toxicity, mortality ... | 2009 | 23961045 |
| toothbrush contamination by candida spp. and efficacy of mouthrinse spray for their disinfection. | the aim of the study was to evaluate toothbrush contamination in vivo by candida spp. and the efficacy of periogard and neem sattiva, in spray, in the disinfection of these toothbrushes. this study was performed in three phases in which mouthrinses and sterile distilled water (control group) were sprayed six times on toothbrush bristles used by 61 university students. toothbrushes were then submitted to microbiological processing for the isolation and identification of candida species. fifty-nin ... | 2010 | 19774487 |
| nature helps: from research to products against blood-sucking arthropods. | today, there is a trend in research to return to plant extracts as remedies against endo- and ectoparasites. many daily appearing papers describe the efficacy of different plant extracts. however, the second step, to develop a product for the market (that could settle obvious needs), is in general not done. thus, many results will be forgotten soon and the work was done in vain. the present review shows in examples that very efficacious biocidal and repellent products were developed from extract ... | 2009 | 19774397 |
| effect of fruit and leaves of meliaceae plants (azadirachta indica and melia azedarach) on the development of lutzomyia longipalpis larvae (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) under experimental conditions. | this no-choice, laboratory study focuses on the feeding of dried, ground, homogeneous powdered, unprocessed fruit and leaves of azadirachta indica and melia azedarach to lutzomyia longipalpis larvae to determine the effects on their mortality and metamorphosis. a. indica and m. azedarach fruit and leaves significantly increased larval mortality in comparison to larvae fed the untreated, standard diet. a. indica fruit and leaves blocked the molting of the larvae to the fourth instar, resulting in ... | 2009 | 19769044 |
| biological detection and analysis of toxicity of organophosphate- and azadirachtin-based insecticides in lathyrus sativus l. | in this study, attention was paid to investigate the effect of organophosphate insecticides, profenofos 40% ec, methyl parathion (metacid) 50% ec, and neem-based product nimbecidine 0.03% ec (from azadirachta indica) on somatic chromosomal behavior, level of leaf protein, and activity of antioxidant enzymes in lathyrus sativus l., the leguminous herb. the experiments on somatic chromosomes of root tip cells of l. sativus l. revealed that most common type of abnormalities were anaphase bridge, ch ... | 2010 | 19618265 |
| [apate terebrans (pallas) (coleoptera: bostrychidae) attacking neem trees in brazil]. | this paper describes and records the attack of adults apate terebrans (pallas) to a neem plantation located in guarani, state of minas gerais, brazil, in march 2007. the damage was characterized by a hole in the trunk, from where the shot-hole-borer enters constructing tunnels and feeding on the wood. this is the first record of a. terebrans attacking neem trees in brazil. | 2009 | 19618065 |
| evaluation of azadirachta indica leaf fractions for in vitro antioxidant potential and protective effects against h2o2-induced oxidative damage to pbr322 dna and red blood cells. | we evaluated the protective effects of subfractions of the ethyl acetate fraction (eaf) and the methanolic fraction (mf) from the crude ethanolic extract (cee) of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) leaves against various free radicals and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)-induced oxidative damage to red blood cells (rbcs) and pbr322 dna. neem leaf fractions reduced dpph(*), abts(*+), superoxide (o(*-)), hydroxyl (oh(*)), and nitric oxide radicals to nonradical forms in a concentration-dependent manner. tr ... | 2009 | 19583256 |
| green synthesis of small silver nanoparticles using geraniol and its cytotoxicity against fibrosarcoma-wehi 164. | many reports have been published about the biogenesis of silver nanoparticles using several plant extracts such as pelargonium graveolens (p.graveolens- geranium) and azadirachta indica (neem) but the capacity of their natural reducing constituents to form silver nanoparticles has not yet been studied. in this research the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using geraniol has been investigated. we successfully synthesized uniformly dispersed silver nanoparticles with a uniform size and shape in t ... | 2009 | 23407598 |
| relative toxicity of neem fruit, bitter gourd, and castor seed extracts against the larvae of filaria vector, culex quinquefasciatus (say). | in search of a natural larvicide, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, and methanol extracts of azadirachta indica fruits and seed extracts of bitter gourd (momordica charantia) and castor (ricinus communis) were tested for larvicidal activity against culex quinquefasciatus. among the extracts tested, the methanol extract of az. indica was observed the most potent with lc(50) at 74.04 and 58.52 ppm and lc(-90) at 201.83 and 171.70 ppm as compared to methanol extract of m. charantia with lc(50) ... | 2009 | 19562373 |
| effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. | theeffects of four extracting solvents [absolute ethanol, absolute methanol, aqueous ethanol (ethanol: water, 80:20 v/v) and aqueous methanol (methanol: water, 80:20 v/v)] and two extraction techniques (shaking and reflux) on the antioxidant activity of extracts of barks of azadirachta indica, acacia nilotica, eugenia jambolana, terminalia arjuna, leaves and roots of moringa oleifera, fruit of ficus religiosa,and leaves of aloe barbadensis were investigated. the tested plant materials contained ... | 2009 | 19553890 |
| toxicity and physiological effects of neem pesticides applied to rice on the nilaparvata lugens stål, the brown planthopper. | the effects of two different neem products (parker oil and neema) on mortality, food consumption and survival of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål (bph) (homoptera: delphacidae) were investigated. the lc(50) (3.45 ml/l for nymph and 4.42 ml/l for adult in parker oil treatment; 4.18 ml/l for nymph and 5.63 ml/l for adult in neema treatment) and lc(90) (8.72 ml/l for nymph and 11.1 ml/l for adult in parker oil treatment; 9.84 ml/l for nymph and 13.07 ml/l for adult in neema treatment) ... | 2009 | 19500844 |
| effect of pest controlling neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) and mata-raton (gliricidia sepium jacquin) leaf extracts on emission of green house gases and inorganic-n content in urea-amended soil. | extracts of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) and gliricidia sepium jacquin, locally known as 'mata-raton', are used to control pests of maize. their application, however, is known to affect soil microorganisms. we investigated if these extracts affected emissions of methane (ch4), carbon dioxide (co2) and nitrous oxide (n2o), important greenhouse gases, and dynamics of soil inorganic n. soil was treated with extracts of neem, mata-raton or lambda-cyhalothrin, used as chemical control. the soil ... | 2009 | 19427016 |
| the neem limonoids azadirachtin and nimbolide inhibit hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis by modulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, dna damage, antioxidants, invasion and angiogenesis. | the neem tree has attracted considerable research attention as a rich source of limonoids that have potent antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. the present study was designed to evaluate the chemopreventive potential of the neem limonoids azadirachtin and nimbolide based on in vitro antioxidant assays and in vivo inhibitory effects on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis. both azadirachtin and nimbolide exhibited concentration-dependent anti- ... | 2009 | 19391054 |
| antidiabetic properties of azardiracta indica and bougainvillea spectabilis: in vivo studies in murine diabetes model. | diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by an increase in the blood glucose level. treatment of diabetes is complicated due to multifactorial nature of the disease. azadirachta indica adr. juss and bougainvillea spectabilis are reported to have medicinal values including antidiabetic properties. in the present study using invivo diabetic murine model, a. indica and b. spectabilis chloroform, methanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated for the biochemical parameters importan ... | 2011 | 19389871 |
| reclamation of tannery polluted soil through phytoremediation. | the huge volume of sludge emanating from the tannery effluent treatment plants poses a serious environmental problem. phytoremediation is an emerging technology in which the plants are employed to reclamate the contaminated soil strewn with heavy metals (metalloids) and toxic compounds. this work focuses the impact of application of tannery sludge on biochemical properties of 6 months old tree saplings of azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem), melia azedarach linn. (wild neem) and leucaena leucocep ... | 2009 | 23572927 |
| persistence of two neem formulations on peach leaves and fruit: effect of the distribution. | persistence of azadirachtins (a+b) and of the other limonoids (nimbin, salannin, deacetylnimbin, and deacetylsalannin) on peach leaves and fruits was studied using a commercial formulation (form. c) compared with an experimental formulation (form. e) prepared with coformulations allowed in organic culture. field experiments were carried out using three concentrations: 1x, 5x, and 10x the dose recommended by the manufacturer. the eu maximum residue level (mrl) in fruits and vegetables for azadira ... | 2009 | 19292469 |
| induction of type 1 cytokines during neem leaf glycoprotein assisted carcinoembryonic antigen vaccination is associated with nitric oxide production. | involvement of the nitric oxide (no) release in ceam phi nlgp (carcinoembryonic antigen pulsed macrophages with neem leaf glycoprotein) vaccination and its relationship with vaccine induced type 1 immune response were aimed to study in the present communication. vaccination with ceam phi nlgp resulted in macrophage activation as evidenced by its increased number and expression of cd69 marker. activated macrophages demonstrated upregulation in synthesis of il-12 and downregulation in il-10, along ... | 2009 | 19285575 |
| removal of malachite green from dye wastewater using neem sawdust by adsorption. | neem sawdust (azadirachta indica) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from an aqueous solution. the studies were carried out under various experimental conditions such as agitation time, dye concentration, adsorption dose, ph and temperature to assess the potentiality of neem sawdust for the removal of malachite green dye from wastewater. a greater percentage of dye removal was observed with decrease in the initial concentration of dye and increase in amount of adsorb ... | 2009 | 19268452 |
| two new solanapyrone analogues from the endophytic fungus nigrospora sp. yb-141 of azadirachta indica. | two new solanapyrone analogues, solanapyrones n and o (1 and 2, resp.), and three known compounds, solanapyrone c (3), nigrosporalactone (4), and phomalactone (5), were isolated from the fermentation culture of nigrospora sp. yb-141, an endophytic fungus isolated from azadirachta indica a. juss. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. the antifungal activities of 1-5 towards seven phytopathogenic fungi were tested. most of the compounds exhibit ... | 2009 | 19180457 |
| the use of neem for controlling gastric hyperacidity and ulcer. | h(2)-receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors are now used extensively to control gastric and duodenal ulcer, inflammation and pain, but these drugs have limitations and are not always affordable. the development of novel nontoxic antiulcer drugs, including from medicinal plants, is therefore desirable, and azadirachta indica a. juss, commonly known as neem, is known to have potent gastroprotective and antiulcer effects. this review deals with the pharmacological and biochemical studies carr ... | 2009 | 19140119 |
| differential cytotoxicity of mex: a component of neem oil whose action is exerted at the cell membrane level. | neem oil is obtained from the seeds of the tree azadirachta indica. its chemical composition is very complex, being rich in terpenoids and limonoids, as well as volatile sulphur modified compounds. this work focused on the evaluation of a component of the whole neem oil obtained by methanolic extraction and defined as mex. cytotoxicity was assessed on two different cell populations: a stabilized murine fibroblast line (3t6) and a tumor cell line (hela). the data presented here suggest a differen ... | 2008 | 19127242 |
| the azadirachtin story. | azadirachtin has been the subject of intensive research within the scientific community ever since its isolation from the neem tree in 1968. there are now over 1000 publications relating to this natural product which cover all aspects of structural, biological and synthetic studies. herein, we describe the worldwide synthesis efforts towards this fascinating molecule. | 2008 | 19031481 |
| azadirachta indica leaf powder as a biosorbent for ni(ii) in aqueous medium. | azadirachta indica leaves are converted to a fine powder for use as a biosorbent for the removal of metal ions in aqueous solution. in this work, the adsorptive interactions between ni(ii) and the powder were studied under a variety of conditions involving variations in ph, ni(ii) concentration, biosorbent amount, interaction time and temperature, all in single batch processes. the experimental data have been interpreted on the basis of existing mathematical models of equilibrium kinetics and th ... | 2009 | 19008041 |
| neem leaf glycoprotein directs t-bet-associated type 1 immune commitment. | neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp)-mediated immune activation and associated immune polarization was studied. nlgp-induced activation is reflected in upregulation of early activation marker cd69 on lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells. activation is also denoted by cd45ro enhancement, with a decrease in cd45ra phenotype and cd62l (l-selectin). nlgp-activated t cells secrete greater amount of signature t-helper (th)1 cytokines interferon-gamma and a lower amount of the th2 cytokine interleukin ... | 2009 | 18983881 |
| assessment of knowledge and usage custom of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants in addis zemen town, south gonder, north western ethiopia. | a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to assess the knowledge and usage custom of traditional insect/mosquitoes repellent plants among the inhabitants in addis zemen town, ethiopia. | 2009 | 18977426 |
| removal of remazol blue rr dye from aqueous solutions with neem leaves and evaluation of their acute toxicity with daphnia magna. | the removal of dyes present in industrial effluent has received great attention in the past few years. this is partly due to increasing environmental awareness and the implementation of ever stricter environmental rules. however, some treatments for color removal from these effluents do not guarantee the absence of other secondary toxic substances, often originating from the treatment process itself. the aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity level of the adsorbent neem, used in adsorptio ... | 2009 | 18976858 |
| antidiabetic indian plants: a good source of potent amylase inhibitors. | diabetes is known as a multifactorial disease. the treatment of diabetes (type ii) is complicated due to the inherent patho-physiological factors related to this disease. one of the complications of diabetes is post-prandial hyperglycemia (pphg). glucosidase inhibitors, particularly α-amylase inhibitors are a class of compounds that helps in managing pphg. six ethno-botanically known plants having antidiabetic property namely, azadirachta indica adr. juss.; murraya koenigii (l.) sprengel; ocimum ... | 2011 | 18955350 |
| removal of fluoride by thermally activated carbon prepared from neem (azadirachta indica) and kikar (acacia arabica) leaves. | the present investigation deals with fluoride removal from aqueous solution by thermally activated neem (azadirachta indica) leaves carbon (anc) and thermally activated kikar (acacia arabica) leaves carbon (akc) adsorbents. in this study neem leaves carbon and kikar leaves carbon prepared by heating the leaves at 400 degrees c in electric furnace was found to be useful for the removal of fluoride. the adsorbents of 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm sizes of neem and kikar leaves carbon was prepared by standard ... | 2008 | 18831380 |
| gedunin, a novel hsp90 inhibitor: semisynthesis of derivatives and preliminary structure-activity relationships. | gedunin (1), a tetranortriterpenoid isolated from the indian neem tree ( azadirachta indica), was recently shown to manifest anticancer activity via inhibition of the 90 kda heat shock protein (hsp90) folding machinery and to induce the degradation of hsp90-dependent client proteins similar to other hsp90 inhibitors. the mechanism of action by which gedunin induces client protein degradation remains undetermined, however, prior studies have demonstrated that it does not bind competitively versus ... | 2008 | 18816111 |
| spermicidal agents. | in recent years, there is a development of vaginal contraceptives incorporating potent spermicides. many compounds with different pharmacological activity have been evaluated in vitro for their spermicidal activity. drugs such as surfaceactive agents (synthetic and natural), ionophores, antiliquefying agents, antimicrobial agents and miscellaneous agents such as gossypol, azadirachta indica, vanadocenes have all been demonstrated to possess good spermicidal activity. nonoxynol is the only spermi ... | 2008 | 22504630 |
| neem oil: an herbal therapy for alopecia causes dermatitis. | for more than 2,000 years, the neem tree has been considered one of the most useful and versatile plants in the world. neem oil has been used for both homeopathic remedies and as a pesticide. both systemic and contact reactions have occurred with the use of neem oil. we report a patient who presented with an acute case of contact dermatitis on the scalp and face after the use of neem oil for alopecia and present a review of the literature regarding its uses, toxicity, and regulation. | 2016 | 18627678 |
| isolation of a snake venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) inhibitor (aiplai) from leaves of azadirachta indica (neem): mechanism of pla2 inhibition by aiplai in vitro condition. | a compound (aiplai (azadirachta indica pla(2) inhibitor)) purified from the methanolic leaf extract of a. indica (neem) inhibits the cobra and russell's viper venoms (rvvs) phospholipase a(2) enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. inhibition of catalytic and tested pharmacological properties of cobra venom (naja naja and naja kaouthia) pla(2) enzymes by aiplai is significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the inhibition of pla(2) enzymes of crude rvv (daboia russelli) when tested under the same cond ... | 2008 | 18466944 |
| evaluation of azadirachta indica leaf fractions for in vitro antioxidant potential and in vivo modulation of biomarkers of chemoprevention in the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model. | we evaluated the chemopreventive potential of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf fractions based on in vitro antioxidant assays, and in vivo inhibitory effects on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis. in addition we also identified the major constituents in neem leaf fractions by hplc. analysis of the free radical scavenging activities and reducing potential of crude ethanolic extract (cee), ethyl acetate fraction (eaf) and methanolic fraction (mf) ... | 2008 | 18442880 |
| a simple and selective method for the measurement of azadirachtin and related azadirachtoid levels in fruits and vegetables using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. | neem-based insecticides containing azadirachtin and related azadirachtoids are widely used in agriculture. here, we report an analytical method for the rapid and accurate quantification of the insecticide azadirachtin a and b and other azadirachtoids such as salannin, nimbin, and their deacetylated analogues on tomatoes and peaches. azadirachtoids were extracted from fruits and vegetables with acetonitrile. using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrom ... | 2008 | 18407653 |
| production of biopesticides in an in situ cell retention bioreactor. | the seeds of azadirachta indica contain azadirachtin and other limonoids, which can be used as a biopesticide for crop protection. significant variability and availability of seed only in arid zones has triggered biotechnological production of biopesticides to cope up with its huge requirement. batch cultivation of a. indica suspension culture was carried out in statistically optimized media (25.0 g/l glucose, 5.7 g/l nitrate, 0.094 g/l phosphate and 5 g/l inoculum) in 3 l stirred tank bioreacto ... | 2008 | 18392561 |
| effect of various mouthwashes on the levels of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma in chronic gingivitis. | the aim of this double blind study was to evaluate the effect of various mouthwashes: chlorhexidine, essential oil, azadirachta indica (neem) extract, and povidone iodine on gingival tissue interleukin-2 (il-2) and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) levels in patients with chronic gingivitis. a total of 8o patients (42 boys, 38 girls; mean age 16.0 +/- 1.8 years) were included in this study. patients were randomly assigned into four groups of 20 each: group i--azadirachta indica (neem) extract, group ... | 2008 | 18389675 |
| piscicidal potential of mesocarp of neem plant (azadirachta indica l.) fruit on hybrid, "heteroclarias". | the piscicidal potential of water-extract mesocarp of azadirachta indica (l) was studied in static bioassay experiment with continuous aeration to determine its acute toxicity the mortality rate and opercular ventilation under laboratory conditions over 96 hr exposure were monitored. the 96 hrlc50 was 81.28 mgl(-1) while the threshold value was 21.13 mgl(-1). the fish exhibited respiratory distress (such as gasping air), loss of appetite, loss of balance and erratic swimming prior to mortality. | 2007 | 18380071 |
| in vitro production of azadirachtin from cell suspension cultures of azadirachta indica. | the present study aimed to elucidate the effect of nutritional alteration on biomass content and azadirachtin production in cell suspensions of the elite neem variety crida-8. variations in total nitrogen availability in the medium in terms of different ratios of nitrate: ammonium showed that the ratio 4:1 revealed a profound effect, leading to a 1.5-fold increase in the total extracellular azadirachtin production (5.59 mg/l) over the standard ms medium. reduction in sucrose (15 mg/l) in the med ... | 2008 | 18376076 |
| ten-membered lactones from phomopsis sp., an endophytic fungus of azadirachta indica. | four new 10-membered lactones ( 1- 4) and one known one ( 5) were isolated from the broth extract of an endophytic fungus, phomopsis sp., obtained from the stem of azadirachta indica. their structures were assigned by analysis of spectroscopic data, and the structures of 1 and 4 were also confirmed by x-ray analysis. compounds 1- 5 were tested for antifungal activity against several plant pathogens. compound 4 demonstrated antifungal activity in the mic value range 31.25-500 microg/ml. | 2008 | 18336005 |
| the use of neem biomass for the biosorption of zinc from aqueous solutions. | an adsorbent was developed from mature leaves and stem bark of the neem (azadirachta indica) tree for removing zinc from water. adsorption was carried out in a batch process with several different concentrations of zinc by varying ph. the uptake of metal was very fast initially, but gradually slowed down indicating penetration into the interior of the adsorbent particles. the data showed that optimum ph for efficient biosorption of zinc by neem leaves and stem bark was 4 and 5, respectively. the ... | 2008 | 18289783 |
| neem oil poisoning. | we report an unusual case of neem oil poisoning in a previously normal 5 year old child. the child presented with refractory seizures and was having metabolic acidosis. late neurological sequelae in the form of auditory and visual disturbances, and ataxia were present. | 2008 | 18250509 |
| natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells initiated by neem leaf preparation is associated with cd40-cd40l-mediated endogenous production of interleukin-12. | neem leaf preparation (nlp) was found to activate natural killer (nk) cells (cd56(+)cd3(-)) to enhance their cytotoxic ability to tumor cells and stimulate the release of interleukin-12 (il-12) from macrophages from healthy individuals and head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. nlp upregulated cytotoxic (cd16(+) and cd56(dim)) nk cells, and the cytotoxicity of nk-sensitive k562 cells by nlp-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased significantly after il-12 neutralization. ... | 2007 | 17961770 |
| effects of neem leaf dust and a commercial formulation of a neem compound on the longevity, fecundity and ovarian development of the melon fly, bactrocera cucurbitae (coquillett) and the oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis (hendel) (diptera: tephritidae). | neem leaf dust and a commercial formulation of neem were tested on adult bactrocera cucurbitae (coquillett) and bactrocera dorsalis (hendel) to determine their effects on the longevity, fecundity and ovarian development. different combinations of neem leaf dust and a commercial formulation of a neem compound incorporated with sugar solution and adult rearing diets were tested. the laboratory tests showed that ingestion of neem can significantly reduced the longevity and fertility of both the fly ... | 2007 | 19093477 |
| effect of azadirachtin on acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity and histology of the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens (stål). | the effect of azadirachtin (aza), a tetranortriterpene from neem, on the mortality, acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity, and the development of the ovaries of female brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stål) was tested in laboratory experiments. the lethal concentrations were determined and applied topically to the adult female bph (lc(50)=0.47 ppm and lc(90)=0.96 ppm). the treated insects exhibited toxic symptoms with a dose-dependent mortality. the lc(50) concentrations were tested a ... | 2008 | 17765967 |
| productivity potentials and nutritional values of semi-arid zone earthworm (hyperiodrilus euryaulos; clausen, 1967) cultured in organic wastes as fish meal supplement. | in the present study 60 adult earthworms (h. euryaulos) of weight and length range 1.7-3.0 g (mean-2.34 +/- 0.91 g) and 13.0-28.0 cm (mean-21.5 +/- 5.8 cm), respectively were cultured for 12 weeks. the productivity potential and nutrient composition of earthworm (h. euryaulos) cultured in two rearing substrata (cellulose substrate (control)--coded hs1 and dry neem and leaves and soil substrate--coded hs2) were assessed using six wooden boxes stocked in triplicates at the rate of 92.7 g earthworm ... | 2007 | 19090216 |
| toxicity of neem pesticides on a fresh water loach, lepidocephalichthys guntea (hamilton buchanan) of darjeeling district in west bengal. | static renewal bioassay tests were conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of two neem based biopesticides, applied widely on tea plantation namely, nimbecidine and neem gold either separately as well as, in combination to the fingerlings (mean body length- 4.46 +/- 0.15 cm; mean body weight- 0.49 +/- 0.15g) of a fresh water loach, lepidocephalichthys guntea (hamilton buchanan) acclimatized to laboratory conditions prior to experiment. the 96 hours lc50 values for nimbecidine and neem gold and ... | 2007 | 17717997 |
| biosorption of zinc from aqueous solution using azadirachta indica bark: equilibrium and kinetic studies. | the removal of zinc ions from aqueous solutions on the biomass of azadirachta indica bark has been studied by using batch adsorption technique. the biosorption studies were determined as a function of contact time, ph, initial metal ion concentration, average biosorbent size and biosorbent dosage. the equilibrium metal uptake was increased and percentage biosorption was decreased with an increase in the initial concentration and particle size of biosorbent. the maximum zinc biosorption occurred ... | 2008 | 17681426 |
| azadirachata indicum (neem): an effective biosorbent for the removal of lead (ii) from aqueous solutions. | laboratory batch experiments with azadirachata indicum indicated that this population had an excellent ability to bind lead (ii) from its aqueous solution. the experiments carried out examined ph, biomass quantity, time of contact, and temperature dependency. under optimum conditions, the removal of lead (ii) was found to be around 95%. column experiments were performed to examine the binding of lead (ii) to silica-immobilized biomass under flow conditions. during this, a slight decrease in the ... | 2007 | 17639318 |
| [histopathological effects of neem products on larvae of culex quinquefasciatus (say, 1823) (diptera: culicidae)]. | histopathological studies relating to last instars larvae of mosquitoes treated with neem products are very few. the objective were to study the action of neem products on larvae mosquitoes of culex quinquefasciatus. | 2006 | 17633780 |
| actin cytoskeleton as a putative target of the neem limonoid azadirachtin a. | limonoids isolated from the indian neem tree (azadirachta indica) have been gaining global acceptance in agricultural applications and in contemporary medicine for their myriad but discrete properties. however, their mode of action is still not very well understood. we have studied the mode of action of azadirachtin a, the major limonoid of neem seed extracts, using drosophila melanogaster as the model system. azadirachtin a induces moderate-to-severe phenotypes in different tissues in a dose-de ... | 2007 | 17517339 |
| [changes of oviposition preference of diamondback moth after experiencing a neem-based repellent/deterrent bioact-t]. | for the adults of phytophagous insects, their experience of non-host plant-originated repellent/deterrent may produce habituation or induced preference to it. in this study, the experience-induced changes in oviposition responses of diamondback moth plutelle xylostella l. to a neem-based repellent bioact-t ec508 were examined in laboratory. 2-6 days old female moths were offered with 2--6 times or 2-6 days experience of the repellent, and their ovipostion preference to untreated and bioact-treat ... | 2007 | 17450746 |
| dielectric properties of the plasma membrane of cultured murine fibroblasts treated with a nonterpenoid extract of azadirachta indica seeds. | neem oil is a natural product obtained from the seeds of the tree azadirachta indica. in this report, we investigate the alterations of the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane caused by treatment with the nonterpenoid fraction of neem oil that we defined as methanolic extract (mex). the dose-response effect was evaluated and a mex-dependent cytoxicity evidenced. the effect of mex on the plasma membrane was studied by a well-established dielectric spectroscopy technique: electrorotation ... | 2007 | 17437145 |
| purification of the seven tetranortriterpenoids in neem (azadirachta indica) seed by counter-current chromatography sequentially followed by isocratic preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. | counter-current chromatography (ccc) sequentially followed by isocratic preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to isolate the seven bio-actives (azadirachtin a, azadirachtin b, azadirachtin h, desacetylnimbin, desacetylsalannin, nimbin and salannin) from the seed concentrate (nsc) of the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss). reproducible, narrow polarity range, high purity fractions were obtained from repeated injections of the nsc (700 mg loadings/injection ... | 2007 | 17428489 |
| efficacy of neem products and insecticides for the control of shoot fly formosina flavipes mall. of cardamom (elettaria cardamomum maton.). | experiments were conducted at zonal agricultural research station, mudigere, india, for two years with an objective to study the population fluctuation, seasonal incidence and evaluation of neem products and insecticides for their efficacy against cardamom shoot fly. during the study period, it was noticed that shoot fly population the increased during the dry months (march, may and october) but was low from june to september months. the population exhibited a negative correlation with rainfall, ... | 2006 | 17385516 |
| behavioral responses of schistocerca americana (orthoptera: acrididae) to azadirex (neem)-treated host plants. | azadirex (azadirachtin and other biologically active extracts from neem trees) has been shown to have considerable potential to be used in integrated pest management systems based on its growth regulator/insecticide properties. less well known are the antifeedant properties. the feeding-deterrent properties of a commercial azadirex formulation (azatrol ec) were evaluated using both no-choice and choice tests, the american grasshopper, schistocerca americana (drury), and four host plants [savoy c ... | 2007 | 17370818 |
| identification of a putative azadirachtin-binding complex from drosophila kc167 cells. | cell-proliferation in drosophila kc167 cells was inhibited by 50% when cell cultures contained 1.7 x 10(-7) m azadirachtin for 48 h (a tertranortriterpenoid from the neem tree azadirachta indica). drosophila kc167 cells exhibited direct nuclear damage within 6-h exposure to azadirachtin (5 x 10(-7) m and above) or within 24 h when lower concentrations were used (1 x 10(-9) m). fractionation of an extract of drosophila kc167 cells combined with ligand overlay technique resulted in the identificat ... | 2007 | 17366600 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) seed kernel powder retards urease and nitrification activities in different soils at contrasting moisture and temperature regimes. | a laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the potentiality of a natural resource neem (azadirachta indica) seed kernel powder (nskp) to reduce the urease and nitrification activities in different soils (viz., normal, acid, and sodic) at contrasting moisture (1:1 soil to water and field capacity) and temperature regimes (10 degrees c and 37 degrees c). results have revealed that application of nskp with urea did not exhibit any urease inhibitory property in normal and sodic soils, but in a ... | 2008 | 17360179 |
| influence of physicochemical parameters of neem (azadirachta indica a juss) oils on nitrification inhibition in soil. | the technology for the production of neem oil coated urea (nocu) developed by the indian agricultural research institute is in the pipeline for adaption by several indian fertilizer industries. use of nitrification inhibitors is one of the methods of improving the nitrogen use efficiency (nue) of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture. however, standard specifications for the neem oil as a raw material of nocu are desired. accordingly, the present study was undertaken to evaluate 25 samples of n ... | 2007 | 17263551 |
| acute lethal and sublethal effects of neem leaf extract on the neotropical freshwater fish prochilodus lineatus. | the aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of the aqueous extract of neem leaves, a product extensively used in fish-farms as alternative for the control of fish parasites and fish fry predators, for the neotropical fish prochilodus lineatus. the 24 h lc(50) of neem leaf extract for juveniles p. lineatus was estimated as 4.8 g l(-1); the fish were then exposed for 24 h to 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g l(-1) or only clean water (control). plasma glucose levels were higher in fish exposed to 2.5 g l ... | 2007 | 17251062 |
| bioactivity of neem, azadirachta indica, against spittlebug mahanarva fimbriolata (hemiptera: cercopidae) on sugarcane. | the effect of neem, azadirachta indica a. juss, on some biological parameters of mahanarva fimbriolata (stil) (hemiptera: cercopidae) was studied in the laboratory by using neemazal-t/s, nimkol-ls, and an aqueous neem seed extract. initially, the lc,, was estimated for nymphs. later, nymphs fed on sugarcane, saccharum officinarum l., roots were sprayed with the respective lc,, for each product. the adults were maintained in cages on sugarcane plants sprayed at the base with the maximum rate reco ... | 2006 | 17195667 |
| residues and persistence of neem formulations on strawberry after field treatment. | azadirachtoids were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (lc/ms) in five methanolic seed extracts of the neem tree and in a commercial formulation. on average, seed extracts contain azadirachtin a (10.9%), azadirachtin b (3.5%), nimbin (10.4%), and large quantities of salannin (19.0%). the composition of the commercial formulations may present different azadirachtoids contents depending on the natural extracts used in the preparation. because these compounds may also show insect ... | 2006 | 17177537 |
| patchy stomatal behavior in broad-leaved trees grown in different habitats. | effects of heterogeneity in stomatal behavior on gas-exchange characteristics of leaves from four tree species growing in different climates, including temperate, tropical monsoon and tropical rain forest, were investigated by combining gas-exchange measurements and the pressure-infiltration method. field observations indicated linear relationships between whole-leaf conductance and the ratio of infiltrated to non-infiltrated leaf area (open stomata area) in dipterocarpus sublamellatus foxw. and ... | 2006 | 17169896 |
| a new tetracyclic triterpenoid from the leaves of azadirachta indica. | a new tetracyclic triterpenoid zeeshanol [25,26,27-trinor-apotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-, 21-dihydroxy, 7alpha-acetoxy, 1,14,22-tri-en-3, 16-dione] (1) along with a known constituent desfurano-6alpha-hydroxyazadiradione (2) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of azadirachta indica. the structure and the relative configurations of 1 were determined by the spectroscopic method (1h- and 13c-nmr, ir, and ms) and 2d-nmr experiments. | 2006 | 17127654 |
| the toxic effects of neem extract and azadirachtin on the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål) (bph) (homoptera: delphacidae). | extracts of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) are used in the developing world for many purposes including management of agricultural insect pests. the effects of different neem extracts (aqueous (nskeaq), ethanol (nskeeth) and hexane (nskehex)) on mortality, survival and weight of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål) (bph) (homoptera: delphacidae) third and fourth nymphal instars were investigated. when fed rice plants treated with neem derivatives in bioassays, the survival of bph ... | 2007 | 17113126 |
| enhanced production of azadirachtin by hairy root cultures of azadirachta indica a. juss by elicitation and media optimization. | azadirachtin is one of the most potent biopesticides so far developed from a plant sources. influence of different culture media and elicitation on growth and production of azadirachtin by hairy root cultures of azadirachta indica was studied. out of the three media tested, namely ohyama and nitsch, gamborg's and murashige and skoog's basal media, hairy roots cultured on ohyama and nitsch's basal medium produced maximum yield of azadirachtin (0.0166% dry weight, dw). addition of biotic elicitor ... | 2007 | 17109981 |
| clinical investigation of hypoglycemic effect of seeds of azadirachta-inidca in type-2 (niddm) diabetes mellitus. | the present study was designed to investigate clinically the hypoglycemic effect of seeds of azadirachta indica in type-2 diabetes mellitus. after assaying fasting plasma and urinary glucose, 10 patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus with no previous medication, 10 patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus taking oral hypoglycemic agents with history of inadequate control and six control subjects were given low (0.5 g tid) and high (2 g tid) doses of powdered part, aqueous extract and alcoholic extract ... | 2006 | 17105712 |
| biodiversity, biopiracy and benefits: what allegations of biopiracy tell us about intellectual property. | this paper examines the concept of biopiracy, which initially emerged to challenge various aspects of the regime for intellectual property rights (ipr) in living organisms, as well as related aspects pertaining to the ownership and apportioning of benefits from 'genetic resources' derived from the world's biodiversity. this paper proposes that we take the allegation of biopiracy seriously due to the impact it has as an intervention which indexes a number of different, yet interrelated, problemat ... | 2006 | 17038007 |
| expression of pcna, cytokeratin, bcl-2 and p53 during chemoprevention of hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by ethanolic neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract. | to evaluate the effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract (enle) on cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis associated proteins during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis. | 2006 | 16989797 |
| identification and partial characterization of a highly active and stable phospholipase d from brassica juncea seeds. | phospholipase d (pld) activity has been identified in some new plant sources i.e. brassica juncea (mustard) seeds, zingibar officinale (ginger) rhizomes and azadirachta indica (neem) leaves with the aim of identifying plds that possess high catalytic activity and stability. pld from mustard seeds (pld(ms)) exhibited the highest pld specific activity, which was highly ph and temperature tolerant. pld(ms) unlike many plant plds exhibited high thermal stability. the activity of pld(ms) is optimum i ... | 2007 | 16949665 |
| synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel isomeric c-seco limonoids. | attempts to cleave the c-ring in the bioactive limonoids characteristic of the species azadirachta indica a. juss using bf(3) x oet(2) and (c(4)h(9))(4)nbr resulted in novel isomeric c-seco limonoids. structure related cytotoxic properties of the isomers and the native compounds have been studied using brine shrimp lethality bioassay (bslb) method and molecular descriptors viz., theoretical and chromatographic hydrophobicity constants, oxidation state and molecular modelling studies. the o-o dia ... | 2006 | 16782238 |
| soil application of azadirachtin and 3-tigloyl-azadirachtol to control western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae): translocation and persistence in bean plants. | to study the systemic effects of active neem ingredients, the substrate of bean plants was treated with a 170 g kg(-1) azadirachtin (neemazal-u; trifolio-m gmbh, lahnau, germany, registration pending). this product was used at a dose rate of 10 mg aza (azadirachtin a) and 1.2 mg 3-tigloyl-azadirachtol (azadirachtin b) per treated bean plant. afterwards, the translocation and persistence of aza and 3-tigloyl-azadirachtol and the effects on western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergan ... | 2006 | 16752388 |
| an inventory of the ethnobotanicals used as anthelmintics in the southern punjab (pakistan). | a survey was conducted in southern punjab, pakistan, in order to document existing ethnobotanical knowledge by the herdsmen/key respondents about anthelmintics in ruminants. a 3-satge process was used to document the plants being used to treat and/or control helminthes. this paper describes 29 plants to treat helminthosis in ruminants. the main plants used were lamium amplexicaule l., mallotus philippinensis muell., withania somnifera (l.) dunal., azadirachta indica a. juss., and citrullus coloc ... | 2006 | 16730420 |
| cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects induced by a non terpenoid polar extract of a. indica seeds on 3t6 murine fibroblasts in culture. | neem oil is a natural product obtained from the seeds of the tree azadirachta indica. its composition is very complex and the oil exhibits a number of biological activities. the most studied component is the terpenoid azadirachtin which is used for its insecticidal and putative antimicrobial properties. in this report we investigate the biological activity of partially purified components of the oil obtained from a. indica. we show that the semi-purified fractions have moderate to strong cytotox ... | 2006 | 16652209 |
| impact of botanical pesticides derived from melia azedarach and azadirachta indica plants on the emission of volatiles that attract parasitoids of the diamondback moth to cabbage plants. | herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use chemical information from plants during foraging. aqueous leaf extracts from the syringa tree melia azedarach and commercial formulations from the neem tree azadirachta indica, neemix 4.5, were investigated for their impact on the flight response of two parasitoids, cotesia plutellae and diadromus collaris. cotesia plutellae was attracted only to plutella xylostella-infested cabbage plants in a wind tunnel after an oviposition experience. female c. plut ... | 2006 | 16555134 |
| balanced nitrogen economy as a flexible strategy on yield stabilizing and quality of aquatic food crops in wetland ecosystem. | in wetland ecosystem, nitrogen along with other elements and its management is most imperative for the production of so many aquatic food, non-food and beneficial medicinal plants and for the improvement of soil and water characteristics. with great significant importance of inm (integrated nutrient management) as sources, emphasizing on management on nitrogen as a key element and its divergence, a case study was undertaken on such aquatic food crops (starch and protein-rich, most popular and re ... | 2005 | 16512219 |
| prediction of desiccation sensitivity in seeds of woody species: a probabilistic model based on two seed traits and 104 species. | seed desiccation sensitivity limits the ex situ conservation of up to 47 % of plant species, dependent on habitat. whilst desirable, empirically determining desiccation tolerance levels in seeds of all species is unrealistic. a probabilistic model for the rapid identification of woody species at high risk of displaying seed desiccation sensitivity is presented. | 2006 | 16464874 |
| a new flavanoid from the flowers of azadirachta indica. | studies on the chemical constituents of the flowers of azadirachta indica have led to the isolation of one new flavanone named as azharone (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-(3''-methyl-2'',3''-epoxybutyl)flavan-4-one (3)) along with two known constituents azadirone (1), and isoazadironolide (2). their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies including 2d-nmr (cosy-45, noesy, j-resolved, hmqc, hmbc) experiments. | 2006 | 16401554 |
| anticancer effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on prostate cancer cell line (pc-3). | prostate cancer (pc) is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of male cancer death. azadirachta indica (neem tree) has been used successfully centuries to reduce tumors by herbalists throughout southeast asia. here the present study indicated that an ethanolic extract of neem has been shown to cause cell death of prostate cancer cells (pc-3) by inducing apoptosis as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in dna fragmentation and a decrease in cell viability. western blot studies indica ... | 2006 | 16378700 |
| effect of fertilizers and neem cake amendment in soil on spore germination of arthrobotrys dactyloides. | application of fertilizers such as urea, diammonium phosphate (dap) and muriate of potash in soil adversely affected the spore germination of arthrobotrys dactyloides. amendment of soil with urea at the concentrations of 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.1% completely inhibited spore germination and direct trap formation on the conidium, whereas muriate of potash delayed and reduced the spore germination even at the lowest concentration. dap also inhibited spore germination at 1.0% concentration, while at lower ... | 2005 | 24049500 |
| nonhormonal drugs for contraception in men: a systematic review. | nonhormonal drugs for contraception in men may have advantages over hormonal methods. the nonhormonal methods can have more rapid onset and less interference with androgen-dependent functions. this systematic review summarizes the clinical studies evaluating nonhormonal drugs administered to men for contraception. relevant clinical results were found for gossypol, which is derived from the cotton plant, and for extracts of tripterygium, a plant used in chinese traditional medicine. randomized, c ... | 2005 | 16250923 |
| necessity of a two-stage process for the production of azadirachtin-related limonoids in suspension cultures of azadirachta indica. | the effect of major nutrients on growth and azadirachtin-related limonoids (azrl) production in plant cell culture of azadirachta indica (neem) was studied with the objective to increase the yield of azrl, one of the major group of pesticidal compounds found in intact neem trees. we report the novel online monitoring of plant cell respiration activities in a new parallel shake flask measuring device. results obtained using three standard plant cell culture media showed non-growth-associated prod ... | 2003 | 16233477 |
| experience-altered oviposition responses to a neem-based product, neemix, by the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | the oviposition responses of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l., to neemix 4.5, a neem-based oviposition repellent/deterrent, with or without previous experience were studied in the laboratory on plain aluminum foil sheets, on aluminum foil sheets coated with cabbage juice, and on cabbage plants. in the plain aluminum foil sheet experiment, the females without prior experience of neemix (inexperienced females) deposited more eggs (66.2%) on sections with untreated sheets than on sectio ... | 2006 | 16217730 |
| behavioural responses of diamondback moth plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) to extracts derived from melia azedarach and azadirachta indica. | the impact of three different doses of botanical insecticide derived from the syringa tree, melia azedarach and the neem tree, azadirachta indica was tested on the behaviour of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (linnaeus). both botanical insecticides had a significant impact on larval behaviour. at higher doses the extracts showed feeding deterrent activity, with larvae preferring the untreated sides of cabbage leaves and consuming less of the treated half of cabbage leaves. the botanica ... | 2005 | 16197566 |
| the toxicity and behavioural effects of neem limonoids on cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), the rice leaffolder. | meliaceae plant products have been shown to exert pesticidal properties against a variety of insect species. in agricultural pest control programs, such products may have the potential to be used successfully as botanical insecticides. the effect of the neem (azadirachta indica) limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione and deacetylnimbin on the biology and mortality of rice leaffolder larvae was investigated. in laboratory experiments, treatment with nee ... | 2006 | 16194558 |
| antimutagenic effect of neem leaves extract in freshwater fish, channa punctatus evaluated by cytogenetic tests. | neem (azadirachta indica), an indigenous plant commonly grown in india and its sub-continent is a multipurpose plant well known for its insecticidal and biomedical properties, however, its antimutagenic effects in vertebrate organisms are lacking. the present work is therefore, focused on possible antimutagenic potential of ethanolic extract of neem leaves evaluated on the clastogenicity induced by pentachlorophenol (pcp) and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) in freshwater fish, channa pun ... | 2006 | 16169061 |
| effect of neem limonoids on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (insecta: lepidoptera: pyralidae). | neem is derived from the neem tree azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae), and its primary insecticidal component is the tetranortriterpenoid azadirachtin and other limonoids. the effect of neem limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione and deacetylnimbin on enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity of the rice leaffolder (rlf) cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae was investigated. there was a decrease in enzyme activity relative to ... | 2006 | 16154614 |
| optimization of the separation of flavonoids using solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. | in this work the separation of eighteen flavonoids was attempted using reduced-flow micellar elektrokinetic chromatography (rf-mekc) electrolytes modified by selected solvents with differing properties: methanol (meoh), acetonitrile (acn) and tetrahydrofuran (thf). structural aspects such as unsaturation of the c ring, number and position of oh groups, methylation and glycosylation as well as solvent effects and their impact on the electrophoretic behavior of flavonoids were addressed. by evalua ... | 2005 | 16143970 |
| balanced nitrogen economy as a flexible strategy on yield stabilizing and quality of aquatic food crops in wetland ecosystem. | in wetland ecosystem, nitrogen along with other elements and its management is most imperative for the production of so many aquatic food, non-food and beneficial medicinal plants and for the improvement of soil and water characteristics. with great significant importance of inm (integrated nutrient management) as sources, emphasizing on management on nitrogen as a key element and its divergence, a case study was undertaken on such aquatic food crops (starch and protein-rich, most popular and re ... | 2005 | 20549452 |
| modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by ethanolic neem leaf extract during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. | chemoprevention by medicinal plants is a promising approach for controlling cancer. there is substantial evidence to indicate that chemopreventive agents exert their anticarcinogenic effects by modulation of phase i and phase ii xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. therefore, we examined the chemopreventive potential of ethanolic neem leaf extract (enle) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis. hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals e ... | 2005 | 16110755 |
| azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder as a biosorbent for removal of cd(ii) from aqueous medium. | a biosorbent, neem leaf powder (nlp), was prepared from the mature leaves of the azadirachta indica (neem) tree by initial cleaning, drying, grinding, washing to remove pigments and redrying. the powder was characterized with respect to specific surface area (21.45 m2g(-1)), surface topography and surface functional groups and the material was used as an adsorbent in a batch process to remove cd(ii) from aqueous medium under conditions of different concentrations, nlp loadings, ph, agitation tim ... | 2005 | 15961221 |
| improvement of engine emissions with conventional diesel fuel and diesel-biodiesel blends. | in this report combustion and exhaust emissions with neat diesel fuel and diesel-biodiesel blends have been investigated. in the investigation, firstly biodiesel from non-edible neem oil has been made by esterification. biodiesel fuel (bdf) is chemically known as mono-alkyl fatty acid ester. it is renewable in nature and is derived from plant oils including vegetable oils. bdf is non-toxic, biodegradable, recycled resource and essentially free from sulfur and carcinogenic benzene. in the second ... | 2006 | 15905086 |
| effects of neem and spinosad on ceratothripoides claratris (thysanoptera: thripidae), an important vegetable pest in thailand, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. | toxicity of three biopesticides, i.e., two neem products and spinosad, was determined on foliage-dwelling life stages of ceratothripoides claratris (shumsher) (thysanoptera: thripidae), a major thrips pest on tomatoes, lycopersicon spp., in central thailand. direct and residual contact toxicities of neemazal-ts (1% azadirachtin) and systemic activity of neemazal-md 5 (5% azadirachtin) affected the survival of first larval stage (l1) in a concentration-dependent manner. however, neither second la ... | 2005 | 15889736 |
| epo neem patent revocation revives biopiracy debate. | | 2005 | 15877054 |
| medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. | azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, has attracted worldwide prominence in recent years, owing to its wide range of medicinal properties. neem has been extensively used in ayurveda, unani and homoeopathic medicine and has become a cynosure of modern medicine. neem elaborates a vast array of biologically active compounds that are chemically diverse and structurally complex. more than 140 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem. all parts of the neem tree- leaves, flowers, ... | 2005 | 15777222 |
| the isomeric compounds nimbolide and isonimbolide. | nimbolide [systematic name: (4alpha,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha,15beta,17alpha)-7,15:21,23-diepoxy-6-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-1-oxo-18,24-dinor-11,12-secochola-2,13,20,22-tetraene-4,11-dicarboxylic acid gamma-lactone methyl ester], c27h30o7, was isolated from the leaves of azadirachta indica, and its isomer, isonimbolide [systematic name: (4alpha,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha,15alpha)-7,15:21,23-diepoxy-6-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-1-oxo-18,24-dinor-11,12-secochola-2,16,20,22-tetraene-4,11-dicarboxylic acid gamma-lactone ... | 2005 | 15699572 |
| ethanolic leaf extract of neem (azadirachta indica) inhibits buccal pouch carcinogenesis in hamsters. | we evaluated the chemopreventive effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract in the initiation and post-initiation phases of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis. the frequency of bone marrow micronuclei as well as the concentrations of lipid peroxides, ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (gsh/gssg), and the activities of the gsh-dependent enzymes glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) in the buccal pouch, liver and ery ... | 2013 | 15473007 |
| responses of two ladybeetles to eight fungicides used in florida citrus: implications for biological control. | two ladybeetles, cycloneda sanguinea and harmonia axyridis, were exposed in the laboratory to eight fungicide formulations commonly used in citrus production in florida. both benomyl and the combination of copper and petroleum oil proved toxic to larvae of c. sanguinea that were exposed to concentrations corresponding to recommended field rates, either as leaf residues or in topical spray applications. larvae of c. sanguinea also suffered significant mortality when exposed to neem oil as a leaf ... | 2001 | 15455066 |