| tobacco mosaic virus protein induces fusion of liposome membranes. | the fusogenic properties of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) coat protein were investigated. tobacco mosaic virus protein induces membrane fusion of a population of l-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (dmpc) and dl-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) vesicles giving rise to larger particles as seen by a drastic absorbance increase of the liposomal solution. differential scanning calorimetry spectra demonstrate complete mixing of the acyl chains of the lipids during fusion. electron microgra ... | 1981 | 6895320 |
| taxonomy of several tobamoviruses from china as determined by molecular hybridization analysis with complementary dna. | molecular hybridization analysis (mha) was used to show that several tobamoviruses isolated in china (namely populus bushy top virus, dihuang degeneration virus, common tobacco mosaic virus, tomato mosaic virus and a mutant of tomato mosaic) are closely related to the u1 strain of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv-u1). youcai mosaic virus from rape is a distinct virus unrelated by mha to the tmv-u1 group or to several other definitive representatives of the tobamoviruses. | 1981 | 6895885 |
| fluctuation x-ray scattering from biological particles in frozen solution by using synchrotron radiation. | determination of the structure of biological particles, randomly oriented in solution, from spatial correlation analysis of fluctuations in x-ray scattering has recently been proposed. the feasibility of scattering fluctuation measurements was evaluated by using an x-ray synchrotron radiation camera to obtain the spatial correlation for a solution of tobacco mosaic virus along a line. the experimental system, analysis of data, and requirements for the determination of structures in solution are ... | 1981 | 6943555 |
| cytoplasmic utilization of liposome-encapsulated myosin heavy chain messenger ribonucleoprotein particles. during muscle cell differentiation. | myosin heavy chain messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mhc mrnps) have been isolated. characterization of the rna components revealed an mrna of approximately the same size as tobacco mosaic virus rna and three low molecular weight components. the protein consists of 9-10 major bands ranging in molecular weight between 22,000 and 130,000. the messenger contained in these mrnps was found to direct the synthesis of both fast-muscle and slow-muscle mhc in a cell-free system. when mhc [3h]mrnps w ... | 1981 | 6947265 |
| a proteinless mutant of tobacco mosaic virus: evidence against the role of a viral coat protein for interference. | a coat-protein-free mutant of tobacco mosaic virus as well as mutants with a non-functional coat protein were found to interfere with the establishment and spread of challenging strains of tmv. the results do not support an earlier concept, according to which the genome of a related challenging virus could be captured by the coat protein of the virus introduced in advance. the presence of a viral coat protein is obviously not essential and a competition among the viral genomes for some specific ... | 1981 | 6950193 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cloned cdna copy of tmv (cowpea strain) rna, including the assembly origin, the coat protein cistron, and the 3' non-coding region. | the cloned cdna derived from the 3' end of cowpea strain (cc) rna of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) has been sequenced. substantial sequence information of 1,060 nucleotides from the 3' end of the rna reveals some interesting features: (1) the coat protein cistron corresponds to residues 210-701 from the 3' end. some errors in the amino acid sequence previously reported have been corrected and the revised total length of the coat protein is 162 amino acid residues. the capping site of the coat prote ... | 1981 | 6950195 |
| nucleotide sequence of tobacco mosaic virus rna. | oligonucleotide primers have been used to generate a cdna library covering the entire tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) rna sequence. analysis of these clones has enabled us to complete the viral rna sequence and to study its variability within a viral population. the positive strand coding sequence starts 69 nucleotides from the 5' end with a reading frame for a protein of mr 125,941 and terminates with uag. readthrough of this terminator would give rise to a protein of mr 183,253. overlapping the ter ... | 1982 | 6964389 |
| mechanism of tobacco mosaic virus assembly: role of subunit and larger aggregate protein. | tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) was reconstituted from the rna of a common strain (om) and the protein of a watermelon strain of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv-w), which is a member of the tobamovirus group. in 0.25 m phosphate buffer at 25 degrees c, cgmmv-w protein existed mainly as 21s aggregates. when this protein was mixed with om rna, complexes of short rods were formed but further elongation did not occur. after the addition of subunits in 0.1 m phosphate buffer at 25 degrees c, elo ... | 1982 | 6964390 |
| [tobacco mosaic virus; revised mechanism of the morphogenesis (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 6986638 |
| faithful and efficient translation of homologous and heterologous mrnas in an mrna-dependent cell-free system from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a cell-free protein synthesizing system from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae has been optimized for the translation of both homologous yeast mrna and for a number of heterologous eukaryotic mrnas. a significant increase in protein synthesis was observed when k(oac) rather than kcl was used as the source of k+ in the in vitro translation system. this was due primarily to an inhibitory effect oif cl-. the polyamine putrescine hydrochloride stimulated protein synthesis only at low mg2+ concentra ... | 1980 | 6997303 |
| further studies on the use of protein a in immune electron microscopy for detecting virus particles. | the immune electron microscopic technique which involves pre-coating electron microscope grids with protein a before coating them with the specific antiserum, has been found suitable for detecting isometric insect and plant viruses. with the three virus-antibody combinations tested, the optimum antiserum dilution for protein a plus antiserum treatment was found to be 1:100 or less, whereas in the case of grids treated with antiserum alone it ranged from 1:1000 to 1:2000 although the titre of the ... | 1980 | 7014777 |
| hen egg yolk as a source of antiviral antibodies in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa): a comparison of two plant viruses. | a method of raising antibodies against plant viruses in hen egg yolk is described. laying hens were immunized with citrus tristeza virus (ctv) or tobacco mosaic virus-avocado isolate (tmv-a). anti-viral antibodies in the yolks of sequentially laid eggs as well as in the serum were titrated by the (heterologous) antiglobulin double antibody sandwich form of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (hadas-elisa). antibodies first appeared in yolk 7 days after injection and peak levels were attained o ... | 1980 | 7024292 |
| immunochromatographic purification of bean yellow mosaic virus. | the method of immunoadsorptional purification of bean yellow mosaic virus has been worked out. immunosorbents were obtained by coupling the antibody (igg) fraction isolated from anti-bymv and anti-pea leaf protein antisera with cnbr-activated 1% agarose beads. conditions for preparation of immunosorbents, for bymv adsorption and elution as well as the method of plant protein separation from bymv were pointed out. the purity of bymv was checked by double immunodiffusion as well as by sds-acrylami ... | 1981 | 7025790 |
| degradation of nucleic acids with ozone. ii. degradation of yeast rna, yeast phenylalanine trna and tobacco mosaic virus rna. | the degradation of a mixture of four 5'-ribonucleotides (amp, gmp, cmp and ump), yeast rna, yeast phenylalanine trna, and tobacco mosaic virus rna (tmv-rna) with ozone (concentration in inlet gas, 0.1-0.5 mg/l) was examined in a phosphate buffer (ph 6.9). in the case of the mixture, gmp alone was degraded in the initial stage. in the ozonization of yeast rna, the guanine moiety was less vulnerable to attack by ozone than in the case of free gmp, but it again degraded most rapidly among the four ... | 1981 | 7025912 |
| portraits of viruses: tobacco mosaic virus. | | 1981 | 7028678 |
| efficient translation of the coat protein cistron of tobacco mosaic virus in a cell-free system from escherichia coli. | translation of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) rna in a cell-free system derived from escherichia coli (mre 600) reveals several discrete polypeptides in the mr range of 10,000-50,000. the major product is a polypeptide of mr 17,500 which comigrates with authentic tmv coat protein on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. structural investigations by peptide-mapping techniques and differential radiolabelling confirm that the major product is tmv coat protein with an n-terminal me ... | 1982 | 7037405 |
| intrinsic fluorescence of some myxo- and paramyxoviruses and of their subviral fractions. | fluorescence spectra of sendai and influenza a(h1n1) viruses have different emission maxima; their quantum yield is much lower than that of tobacco mosaic virus. solubilized envelopes and nucleoproteins of sendai, influenza and mumps virus have different half-bandwidth and relative quantum yield values of emission, according to the agent used for disruption. thus emission (as well as excitation and absorption) spectra of triton x-100-solubilized envelopes show a marked hypsochromic shift as comp ... | 1981 | 7052978 |
| electro-blot radioimmunoassay of virus-infected plant sap - a powerful new technique for detecting plant viruses. | a new technique for detecting viruses in plant sap is described. it consists of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the infected plant sap, electrophoretic transfer of protein bands to activated paper by the electro-blot technique, the subsequent probing of the viral coat protein band by specific antiserum (prepared against intact virus), and detection of immune complex with 125 i-labelled protein a. the technique successfully detected tobacco mosaic virus at a sap dilu ... | 1982 | 7061671 |
| [location of the reconstitution initiation sites of tmv ni2519 rna]. | the nature of temperature sensitivity (ts) of tmv mutant ni2529 has been studied in experiments on in vitro reconstitution. at permissive temperature (24 degrees c) rna of ni2519 can be reassembled into an infective virus. at nonpermissive temperature (33 degrees c) the reassembly of ni2519 results in defective (ribonuclease-sensitive) particle formation. the rnase-sensitive site of ni2519 rna molecule in the defective virus particle is located at a distance of about 600--800 nucleotides from th ... | 1982 | 7070376 |
| tobacco mosaic virus induces the synthesis of a family of 3' coterminal messenger rnas and their complements. | | 1982 | 7077671 |
| nucleotide sequence and its character of cistron coding for the 30 k protein of tobacco mosaic virus (om strain). | the nucleotide sequence of cloned cdna copies of the common strain of tobacco mosaic virus rna corresponding to the 2,000 nucleotides at the 3'-end was determined. the 30 k protein cistron was revealed to be located at residues 687-1,493 from the 3'-end. the 30 k protein is composed of 267 amino acids and is probably a basic protein. the 5' flanking regions of both the coat protein and the 30 k protein cistrons were very u-rich, and a homology was found between the sequence around the capping si ... | 1982 | 7096297 |
| sequence specificity of trinucleoside diphosphate binding to polymerized tobacco mosaic virus protein. | the binding of trinucleoside diphosphates to long helical rods of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) protein is shown to depend on base sequence, 5' aag 3' binding being the strongest of the 25 trinucleoside diphosphate sequences measured. as tmv has a stoichiometry of three nucleotides per protein subunit, the sequence of tmv rna suggested to be the nucleation site for self-assembly of the virus has three possible binding frames. from our binding constant data the most likely frame is predicted and sho ... | 1982 | 7110324 |
| [bacuchiol activity against the tobacco mosaic virus]. | | 1982 | 7121325 |
| neutral salt effects on the polymorphism of tobacco mosaic virus protein. a contribution to the understanding of its mechanism of aggregation and virus reassembly. | | 1982 | 7126594 |
| translational competition between related virus rna species in cell-free systems. | the competition between the rnas from two tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) strains for translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ cell-free systems was investigated. the virus translational products were distinguished by the size difference of the i2 polypeptides. the rnas of the two strains were translated simultaneously if added to the translation system together at the beginning of the reaction. each of the tmv rnas could inhibit translation of the other when the reaction was initiate ... | 1982 | 7142974 |
| ultracentrifugation studies on early stage polymerization of tobacco mosaic virus protein. | | 1982 | 7159093 |
| serological differentiation of tobamoviruses by means of monoclonal antibodies. | several serologically related plant viruses have been differentiated for the first time by means of monoclonal antibodies. two orchid strains of tobacco mosaic virus that were previously considered to be serologically identical with the type strain were shown to be distinguishable with certain monoclonal antibodies. in indirect elisa, none of the antibodies showed any binding to tobamoviruses that differed from tmv (common strain) by a serological differentiation index larger than 2. monoclonal ... | 1982 | 7161367 |
| fidelity of protein synthesis affects the readthrough translation of tobacco mosaic virus rna. | | 1981 | 7215557 |
| tobacco mosaic virus: model for structure and function of a simple virus. | | 1981 | 7223542 |
| immunochemical detection of ds-rna in healthy and virus-infected plants and specific detection of viral ds-rna by hybridization to labelled complementary dna. | double-stranded (ds) rna was detected in nucleic acid preparations from virus-free leaf tissues of several plant species by radial double-diffusion tests with antiserum raised against polyinosinic : polycytidylic acid [poly(i) : poly(c)]. no significant differences in the concentrations of ds-rna were detected by such tests in virus-free french bean leaves and those infected with tobacco mosaic virus or tobacco ringspot virus. however, virus-specific ds-rnas as well as genomic rnas of both virus ... | 1981 | 7228978 |
| rna-protein interactions in the assembly of tobacco mosaic virus. | assembly of tobacco mosaic virus is initiated by the binding of a specific loop of the rna into the central hole of the disk aggregate of protein subunits. since the nucleation loop is located about five-sixths along the rna molecule, subsequent elongation must be bidirectional. we have now measured the rates of elongation in the two directions by determining the lengths of rna protected from nuclease digestion at different times and using either intact tmv rna, or rna with most of the longer ta ... | 1980 | 7248449 |
| studies on the mechanism of assembly of tobacco mosaic virus. | sedimentation and proton binding studies on the endothermic self-association of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) protein indicate that the so-called "20s" sedimenting protein is an interaction system involving at least the 34-subunit two-turn yield cylindrical disk aggregate and the 49-subunit three-turn helical rod. the ph dependence of this overall equilibrium suggests that disk formation is proton-linked through the binding of protons to the two-turn helix which is not present as significant concen ... | 1980 | 7248451 |
| electrostatic forces in muscle and cylindrical gel systems. | repulsive pressure has been measured as a function of lattice spacing in gels of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and in the filament lattice of vertebrate striated muscle. external pressures up to ten atm have been applied to these lattices by an osmotic stress method. numerical solutions to the poisson-boltzmann equation in hexagonal lattices have been obtained and compared to the tmv and muscle data. the theoretical curves using values for k calculated from the ionic strength give a good fit to exp ... | 1980 | 7248458 |
| in vivo and in vitro translation of the rnas of four tobamoviruses. | the rnas from four tobamoviruses [tobacco mosaic virus(tmv) vulgare, tmv dahlemense, tmv u2, and the cowpea strain of tmv (cctmv)] were translated in a cell-free ribosome system from reticulocytes. among the translation products found were two polypeptides with molecular weights of 170,000 and 120,000 which were produced by all the viral rnas tested. these two polypeptides comigrated with the corresponding virus-specific proteins synthesized in tobacco protoplasts infected with any of the four t ... | 1980 | 7251334 |
| scanning calorimetric investigation of the polymerization of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus. | the endothermic polymerization of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus has been studied by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry, with control experiments involving turbidimetry and sedimentation velocity measurements. the variation of the apparent extent of polymerization under conditions close to equilibrium as the temperature is raised follows a course which is difficult to duplicate on the basis of simple models for the process. the enthalpy of polymerization at low protein ... | 1981 | 7272276 |
| magic angle spinning carbon-13 nmr of tobacco mosaic virus. an application of the high-resolution solid-state nmr spectroscopy to very large biological systems. | magic angle spinning 13c nmr was used to study tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) in solution. well-resolved 13c nmr spectra were obtained, in which several carbon resonances of amino acids of the tmv coat protein subunits that are not observable by conventional high-resolution nmr spectroscopy can be designed. rna resonance were absent, however, in the magic angle spinning 13c nmr spectra. since three different binding sites are available for each nucleotide of the rna, this is probably due to a line b ... | 1981 | 7272447 |
| ultrastructure of bean leaf beetle (ceratoma trifurcata) hemocytes and their phagocytic activities on tobacco mosaic virus, a non-beetle-transmitted virus. | | 1981 | 7277569 |
| the generality of cation-binding sites in rod-shaped viruses. | hydrogen-ion titration curves have been measured for two filamentous plant viruses (clover yellow mosaic virus and potato virus x) and two filamentous bacterial viruses (fd and pf1) with and without ca2+ or mg2+ ions present, and for the protein of the pm6 mutant of tobacco mosaic virus. the bacterial viruses do not possess the 'strong' cation-binding sites found in all plant viruses, but they have 'weak' sites that can be assigned to juxtaposed carboxylate groups on their external surfaces. the ... | 1981 | 7295903 |
| [kinetic properties of peroxidase from intact and virus-infected tobacco leaves]. | the kinetic properties of peroxidase from tobacco leaves (var. xanthie and samsun) infected with various viruses (tmv, xt and xy, were compared. the enzyme from intact plant grown under similar conditions was used as control. the ph dependencies of the peroxidase activity for o-dianisidine peroxidation in infected and control plants were identical. viral infection produces a dramatic effect on the kinetic properties of the enzyme: the km values for o-dianisidine were decreased by 20-40% and thos ... | 1981 | 7306596 |
| [effect of aurintricarboxylic acid on the synthesis of virus-specific subgenome rna in the tobacco mosaic virus]. | | 1981 | 7306605 |
| tobacco mosaic virus as a carrier for small molecules: artificial receptor antibodies and superhormones. | | 1981 | 7306672 |
| [nature of the action of candida tropicalis k-41 mannan on tobacco mosaic virus infectivity]. | | 1981 | 7311897 |
| [comparative study of the action of candida tropicalis k-41 polysaccharides on the infectivity of the tobacco mosaic virus and its rna]. | | 1981 | 7311898 |
| dianthins, ribosome-damaging proteins with anti-viral properties from dianthus caryophyllus l. (carnation). | 1. dianthin 30 and dianthin 32, two proteins isolated from the leaves of diathus caryophyllus (carnation), were purified to homogeneity by chromatography on cm-cellulose. 2. the mol.wt. of dianthin 30 is 29 500 and that of dianthin 32 is 31 700. both dianthins are glycoproteins containing mannose. 3. dianthins inhibit protein synthesis in a lysate of rabbit reticulocytes, with an id50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition) of 9.15 ng/ml (dianthin 30) and 3.6 ng/ml (dianthin 32). they act by damag ... | 1981 | 7316958 |
| [formaldehyde-induced tight binding of protein to rna in particles of rod-like viruses. nature and specificity of the crosslinks]. | a stable rna-protein complex was obtained by treatment of a helical tmv-like virus - cucumber virus 4 (cv4) with 1.5% formaldehyde at 50 degrees c and stability and specificity of the rna-protein bonds in the complex was studied. after alkaline of t2-rnaase hydrolysis of the complex obtained from the [32p]-labelled cv4, the rna-protein crosslinks were identified by the presence of [32p] in the protein band during sds electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. the resistance of the crosslinks to boi ... | 1981 | 7317529 |
| structural studies of tobacco mosaic virus and its components by laser raman spectroscopy. | raman spectra have been recorded for oriented gels of tobacco mosaic virus, aqueous solutions of tmv protein in the form of capsid and disk, and protein-free tmv rna. the protein-free rna molecule contains about 80% ordered type-a structure, which is similar to other rna molecules in solution. rna in the virus particle does not exhibit the base stacking and pairing normally found in protein-free rna but instead shows at least two distinct structures characterized by different phosphodiester grou ... | 1981 | 7326237 |
| structures of the helical aggregates of tobacco mosaic virus protein. | | 1981 | 7328658 |
| structure of the rna in tobacco mosaic virus. | | 1981 | 7328659 |
| sensitivity to ultraviolet light of tobacco mosaic virus modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab) modified tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) virions so that the intrinsic fluorescence changed, viral infectivity decreased, sensitivity to rnase or uv irradiation increased, and coat protein subunits were released by the addition of triton x-100. the change in fluorescence emission at 320 nm shifted to 340 nm was observed at 100 micrograms of ctab per ml. this represents a change in the tryptophan environment inside the virion. at a lower concentration of ctab, int ... | 1981 | 7329341 |
| variable rate of polypeptide chain elongation in vitro. effect of spermidine. | translation of rabbit globin mrna and tobacco mosaic virus mrna was studied in a wheat germ system. after a short pulse with labeled methionine, the reaction products were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and visualized by fluorography. discrete bands corresponding to incomplete products were detected both with globin and tobacco mosaic virus rna as messenger at a time when no release of peptides from trna could be detected. in the absence of spermidine c ... | 1980 | 7341226 |
| inhibitor(s) of virus replication (ivr) and localization of viruses in plants. | a substance(s) inhibiting virus replication (ivr) is released into the medium from tobacco mosaic virus-infected protoplasts of a cultivar in which the infection in the intact plant is localized. ivr inhibited virus replication in protoplasts from both resistant (samsun nn) and susceptible (samsun) plants, when applied up to 18 h after inoculation. it was not produced in protoplasts from susceptible plants or from noninoculated protoplasts of the resistant cultivar. ivr was partially purified us ... | 1981 | 7348872 |
| assembly of tobacco mosaic virus: elongation towards the 3'-hydroxyl terminus of the rna. | | 1980 | 7389898 |
| the effect of ionic strength on the entropy-driven polymerization of tobacco mosaic virus protein. contributions of electrical work and salting-out. | | 1980 | 7396500 |
| the mechanism of aggregation of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus. a comparative study on vulgare and mutant proteins. | | 1980 | 7405367 |
| modification of tobacco mosaic virus by polyornithine and lecithin. | combined action of polyornithine and lecithin modified tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) virions making them sensitive to ribonuclease (rnase), pronase or triton x-100. sedimentational analysis and examination of the fluorescence spectrum revealed that the reaction product obtained after rnase treatments of modified tmv was a three-component complex made of coat protein, polyornithine and lecithin. the minimum requirement for the modification was completely fulfilled by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, ... | 1980 | 7412596 |
| [induction of plant resistance to the tobacco mosaic virus with a double-stranded poly(g)-poly(c) complex]. | inoculation of double-stranded polyribonucleotide poly(g) . poly(c) complex in a concentration of 50-200 micrograms/mg into tobacco and thornapple leaves was found to produce resistance of the plants to subsequent infection with tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) manifested in decreased number and size of local virus lesions. the induced resistance may spread over the plant and be found in the upper untreated leaves. the level of systemic resistance, however, is much lower than that of the resistance de ... | 1980 | 7434730 |
| the assembly of tobacco mosaic virus: structure and specificity. | | 1980 | 7440141 |
| mechanism of rna-protein interactions in tobacco mosaic virus: analysis of the ph stability of virus protein complexes with synthetic polynucleotides. | tmv-like rnp complexes were reconstituted from tmv protein and synthetic polynucleotides. analysis of the ph stability of rnp with polynucleotides containing u, g, or their analogues reveals a correlation between the stability of their structure and the pk values of the bases, and indicates that the -nh-co-groups of u and g are involved in hydrogen bonding with protein. it is suggested that tmv protein has two u- and one g-specific binding sites which, according to the phase position of the prot ... | 1980 | 7443534 |
| entropy-driven polymerization of protein from the e66 strain of tobacco mosaic virus. | | 1980 | 7447459 |
| entropy-driven polymerization of the protein from the flavum strain of tobacco mosaic virus. | | 1980 | 7447460 |
| translation initiation site of the coat protein messenger ribonucleic acid of the cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus. | the 5'-terminus of the coat protein messenger rna of the cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus contains a m7g(5')ppp(5')gp... cap group. removal of this cap group followed by introduction of a 5'-terminal [32p]phosphomonoester onto the decapped rna and use of this 32p-labeled rna in nucleotide sequence studies establishes that the 5'-terminal nucleotide sequence of this rna is m7g(5')ppp(5')guauuugaugauggcauacucgauuccgacucccuagcu.... the codons following the two consecutive aug sequences match t ... | 1980 | 7459348 |
| nonsense suppression in eukaryotes: the use of the xenopus oocyte as an in vivo assay system. | amber, ochre, and opal nonsense suppressor trnas isolated from yeast were injected into xenopus laevis oocytes together with purified mrnas (globin mrna from rabbit, tobacco mosaic virus-rna). yeast opal suppressor trna is able to read the uga stop codon of the rabbit beta-globin mrna, thus producing a readthrough protein. a large readthrough product is also obtained upon coinjection of yeast amber or ochre suppressor trna with tmv-rna. the amount of readthrough product is dependent on the amoun ... | 1980 | 7465411 |
| 13c enrichment of tobacco mosaic virus. | | 1980 | 7470132 |
| benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase, a soluble oxygenase from tobacco, catalyzes salicylic acid biosynthesis. | benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase (ba2h) catalyzes the biosynthesis of salicylic acid from benzoic acid. the enzyme has been partially purified and characterized as a soluble protein of 160 kda. high-efficiency in vivo labeling of salicylic acid with 18o2 suggested that ba2h is an oxygenase that specifically hydroxylates the ortho position of benzoic acid. the enzyme was strongly induced by either tobacco mosaic virus inoculation or benzoic acid infiltration of tobacco leaves and it was inhibited by co ... | 1995 | 7479795 |
| inhibition of ascorbate peroxidase by salicylic acid and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, two inducers of plant defense responses. | in recent years, it has become apparent that salicylic acid (sa) plays an important role in plant defense responses to pathogen attack. previous studies have suggested that one of sa's mechanisms of action is the inhibition of catalase, resulting in elevated levels of h2o2, which activate defense-related genes. here we demonstrate that sa also inhibits ascorbate peroxoidase (apx), the other key enzyme for scavenging h2o2. the synthetic inducer of defense responses, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid ... | 1995 | 7479986 |
| stress activation of a bean hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein promoter is superimposed on a pattern of tissue-specific developmental expression. | the hrgp4.1 gene, which encodes a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein, was isolated from a genomic library of bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). two transcripts, one induced by wounding and one by elicitation, were transcribed from the same initiation site. the gene encodes a polypeptide of 580 amino acids with the amino terminal half consisting of repeats of the sequence serine-(proline)4-lysine-histidine-serine-(proline)4-(tyrosine)3-histidi ne and the carboxyl-terminal half composed of repe ... | 1995 | 7480331 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus rna. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (orsv) was determined. the rna genome of orsv is 6618 nucleotides long and contains five open reading frames (orfs 1 to 5) coding for proteins of m(r) 126 k, 181 k, 34 k, 18 k and 52 k, respectively. this is the longest rna of the known viruses of the tobamovirus genus. the sequences of the orsv rna encoded proteins exhibit high homology to the proteins of the members of the tobamovirus genus. the genomic o ... | 1995 | 7487489 |
| a conserved, precise rna encapsidation pattern in tobamovirus particles. | the bidirectional rna encapsidation pathway in nine sequenced type 1 tobamovirus genomes will result in rna-coat protein assembly, up to and including the first transcribed g, adjacent to the 5'-cap structure (m7 gppp). this precision is highly conserved, despite wide interstrain variations in the absolute position of the phase-determining core of the origin-of-assembly sequence (gxx)n and in overall genome length (6311-6507 nts). a type 2 tobamovirus genome did not comply with this pattern. all ... | 1995 | 7487499 |
| mutation analyses of molecularly cloned satellite tobacco mosaic virus during serial passage in plants: evidence for hotspots of genetic change. | the high level of genetic diversity and rapid evolution of viral rna genomes are well documented, but few studies have characterized the rate and nature of ongoing genetic change over time under controlled experimental conditions, especially in plant hosts. the rna genome of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (stmv) was used as an effective model for such studies because of advantageous features of its genome structure and because the extant genetic heterogeneity of stmv has been characterized previ ... | 1995 | 7489510 |
| kinetic and functional mapping of viral epitopes using biosensor technology. | some monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that react with the extremity of the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) particle containing the 5' end of the rna are able to block the disassembly of tmv by ribosomes while others are totally devoid of such activity. no correlation could be established between the binding kinetics and affinity of the mabs and their inhibitory capacity. an epitope map of the mab binding sites was constructed on the basis of kinetic two-site binding assays with the viral monomeric protei ... | 1995 | 7491771 |
| plant virus expressing hybrid coat protein with added murine epitope elicits autoantibody response. | a modified tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) was used to direct the synthesis of tmv coat protein hybrids containing a 13 amino acid sequence of the murine zona pellucida zp3 protein. this hybrid protein was found to be robust and accumulate to high concentrations in inoculated plants. virus-like particles containing the hybrid coat protein could be readily purified from infected plant tissue. parenteral immunization with these virus-like particles as antigen resulted in serum antibody recognizing zp3 ... | 1995 | 7491811 |
| a new elicitor of the hypersensitive response in tobacco: a fungal glycoprotein elicits cell death, expression of defence genes, production of salicylic acid, and induction of systemic acquired resistance. | a 32 kda glycoprotein whose effects in tobacco and other nicotianae mimic a typical hypersensitive response, was isolated from phytophthora megasperma. infiltration of a few nanograms of the protein into leaves caused the formation of lesions that closely resemble hypersensitive response lesions. transcripts of genes encoding enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and sesquiterpenoid pathways accumulated rapidly after elicitor application followed by salicylic acid production. cellular damage, restricte ... | 1995 | 7496401 |
| tobacco mosaic virus: a model antigen to study virus-antibody interactions. | for more than 50 years, tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) has been used as a model system for studying various aspects of virus-antibody interactions. distinct epitopes called neotopes and cryptotopes have been identified in intact tmv particles and dissociated viral protein respectively and a correlation has been found to exist between the location of continuous epitopes and the extent of segmental mobility along the viral polypeptide chain. the occurrence of bivalent antibody binding was shown to inf ... | 1993 | 7506937 |
| epitope analysis using kinetic measurements of antibody binding to synthetic peptides presenting single amino acid substitutions. | the fine modulation of peptide-antibody interactions was investigated with anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies recognizing peptide 125-136 of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus. nine synthetic peptides presenting single amino acid substitutions were selected for detailed analysis on the basis of their reactivity in elisa. kinetic measurements of the binding of four antibodies to these peptides performed with a biosensor instrument (biacore, pharmacia) were used to quantify the contribution ... | 1993 | 7508237 |
| uncoating of tobacco mosaic virus rna in protoplasts. | the disassembly of tobacco mosaic virus particles during the establishment of infections in tobacco protoplasts was investigated by reverse transcription and pcr analysis of the parts of the viral rna that remained encapsidated at various times after inoculation. within the first 3 min, uncoating had proceeded from the 5' terminus of the viral rna to a position at least 4635 nucleotides from the 5' terminus. removal of coat protein subunits from the part of the virus particle near the origin of ... | 1994 | 7510437 |
| molecular cloning and expression of a new class of ortho-diphenol-o-methyltransferases induced in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) leaves by infection or elicitor treatment. | in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv samsun nn), three distinct enzymes account for ortho-diphenol-o-methyltransferase (omt) activity. omt i is the major enzyme of healthy leaves, whereas enzymes omt ii and iii are preferentially induced during the hypersensitive reaction to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). using an anti-omt iii antiserum, we isolated a partial omt iii cdna clone by immunoscreening an expression library made from mrna of tmv-infected tobacco leaves. using this omt iii clone as a probe ... | 1993 | 7518088 |
| assembly of tobacco mosaic virus and tmv-like pseudovirus particles in escherichia coli. | high-level expression of plant viral proteins, including coat protein (cp), is possible in escherichia coli. native tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) cp expressed in e. coli remains soluble but has a non-acetylated n-terminal ser residue and following extraction, is unable to package tmv rna in vitro under standard assembly conditions. changing the ser to ala or pro by pcr-mutagenesis did not confer assembly competence in vitro, despite these being non-acetylated n-termini present in two natural strain ... | 1994 | 7518274 |
| antigenic structure of the coat protein of potato mop-top furovirus. | the antigenic structure of the coat protein (cp) of potato mop-top furovirus (pmtv) was studied by electron microscopy of virus particles labeled with gold-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and by the reactions of mabs with overlapping octapeptides (pepscan) representing the complete amino acid sequence of the cp. a total of seven epitopes were identified in the cp. mab scr 69 detected a continuous epitope, which was located at the extreme n-terminus of the cp, was exposed at the surface a ... | 1994 | 7519806 |
| enhancing effect of the 3'-untranslated region of tobacco mosaic virus rna on protein synthesis in vitro. | in order to test the enhancing effect of the 3'-terminal untranslated region (3'-utr) of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) rna on protein synthesis in vitro we used a chimeric mrna construct containing tmv 5'-utr (omega) and firefly luciferase mrna. the addition of the tmv 3'-utr to the chimeric mrna construct results in a more than 3-fold stimulation of the synthesis of the functionally active protein in the wheat germ cell-free translation system. we have demonstrated that the proper length of the tm ... | 1994 | 7525356 |
| monoclonal antibodies reactive with specific amino acid sequences of the 126 k protein of tobacco mosaic virus. | the 126 k protein of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) is an ntp binding protein that has guanylyl transferase activity and is predicted to be an atpase/helicase. in this paper we report the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that react with specific amino acid sequences of the 126k protein. the mabs were generated after immunizing mice with a partially purified preparation of the 126 k protein (native) obtained by centrifugal fractionation of the infected tissue extracts. the mabs were assayed ... | 1994 | 7526825 |
| systemic production of foreign peptides on the particle surface of tobacco mosaic virus. | by using a new tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) vector [hamamoto, h., et al. (1993) bio/technology 11, 930-932], we have constructed tmv particles which present three different kinds of epitopes, two of them from influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha), and one from human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-i) envelope protein, on the surface of the particles. each of these tmv particles reacted with each anti-peptide antiserum. these results suggest that this tmv vector can be used as an antigen presentati ... | 1995 | 7532596 |
| identification and initial characterization of a specific proteasome (prosome) associated rnase activity. | we have identified and characterized a specific nuclease activity to be tightly associated with proteasomes. using tobacco mosaic virus rna (tmv-rna) as substrate to analyze and quantify the cleavage reaction, we supply several lines of evidence that this nuclease activity is an integral part of proteasomes. thus, rnase activity was coincident with the elution profiles of proteasomes at each stage of purification. proteasomal nuclease activity was resistant to strong dissociation conditions usin ... | 1995 | 7545175 |
| specific cleavage of two target sequences of the tobacco mosaic virus rna by a di-component ribozyme. | two di-component ribozymes rz34 and rz13, the simplest forms of multi-component ribozymes, by ligating mono-ribozymes rz3 and rz4 and rz1 and rz3 were constructed, respectively. the in vitro results indicate that each di-component ribozyme is able to cleave two different tmv transcripts, with the specificity and efficiency similar to their mono-ribozyme counterparts. possible effects on the specificity and efficiency by temperature and the positions of the component-ribozymes in these di-compone ... | 1995 | 7548768 |
| the l6 gene for flax rust resistance is related to the arabidopsis bacterial resistance gene rps2 and the tobacco viral resistance gene n. | the l6 rust resistance gene from flax was cloned after tagging with the maize transposable element activator. the gene is predicted to encode two products of 1294 and 705 amino acids that result from alternatively spliced transcripts. the longer product is similar to the products of two other plant disease resistance genes, the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene n of tobacco and the bacterial resistance gene rps2 of arabidopsis. the similarity involves the presence of a nucleotide (atp/gtp) bi ... | 1995 | 7549479 |
| the potential exploitation of plant viral translational enhancers in biotechnology for increased gene expression. | the regulation of gene expression is extremely important for all organisms, not least for viruses that require a maximum rate of production of viral proteins to allow rapid multiplication and spread. single-stranded positive-sense rna viruses contain specific nucleotide sequences that can be used to elevate the expression of vital gene products to required high levels. among plant viruses, translational enhancement has been documented widely, especially over the past few years. reported candidat ... | 1995 | 7552692 |
| evidence for proteolytic processing of tobacco mosaic virus movement protein in arabidopsis thaliana. | two ecotypes of arabidopsis thaliana were transformed with the gene encoding tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) movement protein (p30). p30 accumulated largely in a subcellular fraction containing cell wall components and as a soluble protein. the protein migrated in denaturing gels with an m(r) of 30k, significantly faster than p30 (m(r) approximately 34k) accumulating after expression in transgenic tobacco, escherichia coli or spodoptera frugiperda cells, or after virus multiplication in tobacco. the ... | 1995 | 7579611 |
| mutational analysis of the movement protein of odontoglossum ringspot virus to identify a host-range determinant. | tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) which contains the movement protein (mp) of odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus (orsv) in place of the tmv mp systemically infects orchids but causes local infection in tobacco unless the carboxy-terminal 48 amino acids of the mp are deleted (c. a. holt, c. a. fenczik, s. j. casper, and r. n. beachy; virology, in press, 1995). frameshift mutations were created within the 3' ends of the mp gene that led to truncations of the orsv mp by 11, 19, 28, 37, and 48 amino acids; ... | 1995 | 7579612 |
| mechanisms of growth for protein and virus crystals. | the growth of six protein and virus crystals was investigated in situ using atomic force microscopy. most of the crystals grew principally on steps generated by two-dimensional nucleation on surfaces though some grew by development of spiral dislocations. apoferritin grew by a rarely encountered mechanism, normal growth, usually associated only with melt or vapour phase crystallization. cubic crystals of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (stmv) grew, at moderate to high levels of supersaturation, b ... | 1995 | 7583668 |
| studies of coat protein-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv). ii. challenge by a mutant with altered virion surface does not overcome resistance conferred by tmv coat protein. | transgenic tobacco plants expressing the coat protein (cp) gene of the u1 strain of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) exhibit cp-mediated resistance (cp-mr) against some, but not all, tobamoviruses. to investigate the role of the amino acid sequences on the surface of the challenge virus in cp-mr, mutant strains of u1 tmv were constructed to contain the amino or carboxy termini of the cp of sunn hemp mosaic tobamovirus (shmv). the modified virus was unable to overcome cp-mr in transgenic plants that co ... | 1995 | 7595367 |
| mapping of viral conformational epitopes using biosensor measurements. | earlier electron microscopy studies of the location of various antigenic sites in tobacco mosaic virus indicated that epitopes specific for the quaternary structure and absent in dissociated viral subunits (so-called neotopes) were present along the entire length of the virus particle. in contrast, epitopes expressed in both intact particles and dissociated subunits (so-called metatopes) were found only at the one extremity of the particle containing the 5' end of the rna. in the present study, ... | 1995 | 7602137 |
| a second putative mrna binding site on the escherichia coli ribosome. | translation in bacteria is initiated by a base-pairing interaction between the extreme 3'-end of the small-subunit rrna and a purine-rich domain (shine-dalgarno (sd) sequence) preceding the initiation codon at the 5'-end of most bacterial mrnas. here, we describe the identification of a second functional and alternative site on the escherichia coli ribosome which is capable of interacting with mrna devoid of sd sequences and initiate the translation. this site is localized between nt 1340 and 13 ... | 1995 | 7628721 |
| dark induction and subcellular localization of the pathogenesis-related prb-1b protein. | the prb-1b gene codes for a basic-type pathogenesis-related protein of the pr-1 family of tobacco. prb-1b mrna accumulation is induced in response to biotic and abiotic elicitors, such as tmv, ethylene, salicylic acid, alpha-amino butyric acid and darkness. in order to determine the location of elements that control dark-regulated prb-1b gene expression, we tested promoter, transcribed regions and 3'-downstream regions of the gene for their ability to respond to dark induction in transgenic toba ... | 1995 | 7632922 |
| improved method for polyamine determination in tmv, a rod-shaped virus. | polyamines were measured in viruses using different techniques. an improved method of polyamine analysis is reported for tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), a rod-shaped virus (95% protein and 5% rna), based on hplc of sonicated pca-treated highly purified virus suspensions. this method allowed higher and more reliable recovery of tmv polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) when compared to the hplc of non-sonicated samples and to thin layer chromatography. it is suggested that sonication acts ... | 1995 | 7635924 |
| molecular biology of resistance to potato virus x in potato. | it has been proposed that plants express resistance to pathogens when the product of a resistance gene interacts with an elicitor molecule produced by the pathogen. although there is one instance with tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) in which virus resistance is known to act through the same type of mechanism, it is not known whether this model accounts generally for resistance interactions with plant viruses. to address this issue the interactions of resistance genes in potato with potato virus x (pv ... | 1994 | 7639780 |
| induction, modification, and perception of the salicylic acid signal in plant defence. | endogenous salicylic acid (sa) levels increase and several families of pathogenesis-related genes (including pr-1 and pr-2) are induced during the resistance response of tobacco to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) infection. we have found that at a temperature (32 degrees c) that prevents the induction of pr genes and resistance, the increases in sa levels were eliminated. however, when the resistance response was restored by shifting inoculated plants to lower temperatures, sa levels increased dramat ... | 1994 | 7639781 |
| nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with the 54-kda region of the pepper mild mottle tobamovirus replicase gene exhibit two types of resistance responses against viral infection. | nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with the 54-kda region of the pepper mild mottle tobamovirus (pmmv) replicase gene were generated and six independently transformed plant lines were analyzed for resistance to pmmv. two different resistance responses were obtained. some of the transgenic plants from only two lines showed a preestablished, complete, and highly resistant phenotype since no viral symptoms were observed, although a low level of virus replication occurred. the remaining plants ... | 1995 | 7645209 |
| electron microscopic localization of atpase activity in tobacco cells infected by tobacco etch potyvirus and tobacco mosaic virus. | thin sections of leaves of plants infected by tobacco etch potyvirus (tev) or tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) were examined for the presence of atpase activity by electron microscopy. atpase activity was found as expected in mitochondria, chloroplasts and plasmalemma of both uninfected as well as cells infected by either tev or tmv. in the tev-infected cells, atpase activity was localized to virus-induced vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum and in some cells, to ribosomes attached to the er. in tmv-infec ... | 1995 | 7646342 |
| cleavage of trna with imidazole and spermine imidazole constructs: a new approach for probing rna structure. | hydrolysis of rna in imidazole buffer and by spermine-imidazole conjugates has been investigated. the rna models were yeast trna(asp) and a transcript derived from the 3'-terminal sequence of tobacco mosaic virus rna representing a minihelix capable of being enzymatically aminoacylated with histidine. imidazole buffer and spermine-imidazole conjugates in the presence of free imidazole cleave phosphodiester bonds in the folded rnas in a specific fashion. imidazole buffer induces cleavages prefere ... | 1995 | 7667092 |
| protein and virus crystal growth on international microgravity laboratory-2. | two t = 1 and one t = 3 plant viruses, along with a protein, were crystallized in microgravity during the international microgravity laboratory-2 (iml-2) mission in july of 1994. the method used was liquid-liquid diffusion in the european space agency's advanced protein crystallization facility (apcf). distinctive alterations in the habits of turnip yellow mosaic virus (tymv) crystals and hexagonal canavalin crystals were observed. crystals of cubic satellite tobacco mosaic virus (stmv) more tha ... | 1995 | 7669890 |
| characterization of deletion and frameshift mutants of satellite tobacco mosaic virus. | a series of frameshift and deletion mutations was created in the genome of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (stmv) by modifying full-length cdna clones of the type strain, from which biologically active transcripts could be synthesized in vitro. deletions and frameshift mutations in the 5' open reading frame had no effect, compared to wild-type stmv, on rna accumulation, systemic movement, or the symptoms induced by stmv in nicotiana tabacum co-inoculated with tobacco mild green mosaic tobamovirus ... | 1995 | 7676621 |