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[disease reservoirs and wild vectors of trypanosoma cruzi. 35. natural infection of the ferret galictis cuja furax (thomas, 1907) caused by t. cruzi]. 19694985630
the fate of sulphadimethoxine in primates compared with other species.1. the metabolism of sulphadimethoxine (2,4-dimethoxy-6-sulphanilamidopyrimidine) was examined in nine species of primates and nine species of non-primates. 2. the main metabolite of the drug in the urine in man, rhesus monkey, baboon, squirrel monkey, capuchin, bushbaby, slow loris and tree shrew was sulphadimethoxine n(1)-glucuronide. in the green monkey, although the main metabolite was n(4)-acetylsulphadimethoxine, the n(1)-glucuronide was also a major metabolite. 3. in the dog, rat, mouse, ...19704990585
the fate of benzoic acid in various species.1. the urinary excretion of orally administered [(14)c]benzoic acid in man and 20 other species of animal was examined. 2. at a dose of 50mg/kg, benzoic acid was excreted by the rodents (rat, mouse, guinea pig, golden hamster, steppe lemming and gerbil), the rabbit, the cat and the capuchin monkey almost entirely as hippuric acid (95-100% of 24h excretion). 3. in man at a dose of 1mg/kg and the rhesus monkey at 20mg/kg benzoic acid was excreted entirely as hippuric acid. 4. at 50mg/kg benzoic ac ...19704990586
studies of the basis of localization of influenza virus in ferret organ cultures. 19725014240
implantation in the ferret: epithelial penetration. 19725026657
the stimulation of a 'maternal pregnancy reaction' in the ferret. 19725039193
gastric acid secretion in the ferret during estrus and anestrus. 19725062086
reproducibility of a neuraminidase inhibition test employed to measure anti-influenza neuraminidase antibody.the standard deviation was determined for 146 replications of the neuraminidase inhibition test for antineuraminidase antibody employing two ferret antisera and the recombinant viruses x-15 and x-15(hk). the standard deviation found was 0.612 log(2) and is a quantitative estimate of the reproducibility of the test.19725062979
diadic interactions between pairs of male polecats (mustela furo and mustela furo x m. putorius hybrids) under standardised environmental conditions during the breeding season. 19725063890
the growth and cytopathogenicity of virulent and attenuated strains of canine distemper virus in dog and ferret macrophages. 19715090886
the aerosol and subcutaneous administration of attenuated egg adapted distemper vaccine to ferret kits from distemper immune females. 19715105165
feline panleukopenia: experimental cerebellar hypoplasia produced in neonatal ferrets with live virus vaccine. 19715105166
an abnormal retinogeniculate projection in the albino ferret (mustela furo). 19715134931
the action of clomiphene in the ferret. 19715166158
experimental teratogenesis in ferrets using rubella virus. 19695251491
the dentition of the albino ferret. 19695267933
antigenic properties of the envelope of influenza virus rendered soluble by surfactant-solvent systems.dissociating chemical treatments employing surfactant-solvent systems were applied to purified influenza a and b viruses to obtain viral preparations possessing a significantly higher or lower haemagglutinating activity than the intact virus. all preparations, whether with high or low haemagglutinating activity, with the exception of envelope protein solubilized by triton x-100, were significantly lacking in the ability to excite the formation of haemagglutination-inhibiting and virus-neutralizi ...19715291750
laboratory and clinical characteristics of attenuated strains of influenza virus.prior to 1967, attenuation of influenza virus was achieved by gradually lowering the incubation temperature until optimal growth at 25 degrees c was obtained. the process of attenuation of a hong kong strain was modified and considerably shortened. the temperature of incubation was changed abruptly from 35 degrees c to 25 degrees c and a cold variant was selected using the plaque-assay system.a set of genetic markers was developed for assessing the potential virulence of cold-passaged variants. ...19695309481
monoamines and acetyl-cholinesterase in the pineal gland and habenula of the ferret. 19705311836
antigenic relationship between influenza b viruses.the object of this study was to determine whether antigenic groupings exist among influenza b viruses. altogether, 22 influenza type b strains isolated during the years 1940-68 were examined by reciprocal haemagglutination-inhibition, strain-specific complement-fixation, and serum neutralization tests with sera produced in ferrets and guinea-pigs. it was found that the strain-specific complement-fixation test was superior for separating influenza b viruses into groups whereas the haemagglutinati ...19715317011
implantation of ferret ova fertilized by mink sperm. 19655327700
gastric secretion in the chronic fistula ferret. 19695348086
development of transferred ferret eggs in relation to the age of corpora lutea. 19695349730
electron microscopic studies on the pars intermedia of the ferret. 19695354167
quantitative studies on the tissue localization of influenza virus in ferrets after intranasal and intravenous or intracardial inoculation. 19695364391
the antral clear cell--a new cell type discovered in the pyloric-antral mucosa of the ferret. 19695365375
the functional capacity of ovarian tissue transplanted to the spleen or kidney in the ferret. 19695388357
gastric secretion after pentagastrin and histamine in the basal secreting ferret. 19705416689
growth patterns of influenza virus in cultures of ferret organs. 19705434442
unusual ultrastructural variants in the ferret parietal cell. 19705439610
the distribution of monoamines and acetylcholinesterase in the pineal gland and habenula of the ferret. 19705442232
poisoning in ferrets by tissues of alkyl mercury-fed chickens. 19705449102
studies on the secretory and cytotoxic actions of caffeine on the ferret gastric mucosa. 19705459856
hypothalamic lesions, oestrogen and precocious puberty in the female ferret. 19705489036
coincidence of embryonic growth and uterine protein in the ferret. 19705491983
surface topology of the stomach in man and the laboratory ferret. 19705494315
structural changes in the small intestine associated with the uptake of polyvinyl pyrrolidone by the young ferret, rabbit, guinea-pig, cat and chicken.1. the entry of [(125)i]polyvinyl pyrrolidone (pvp) of mean mol. wt. 160,000 (k. 60) into the epithelial cells of the small intestine has been measured in new-born animals of five species.2. the distribution along the intestine of cells capable of taking up [(125)i]pvp and the decrease and eventual cessation of uptake (closure) with increasing age have been investigated, and have been related to changes in the histological appearance of the small intestine.3. the small intestine of the ferret to ...19705499802
modification of the annual oestrous cycle of the ferret by various regimes of artificial light. 19705528663
the fertilizing life of spermatozoa in the female tract of rabbits and ferrets treated with oestrogen. 19705528677
oögenesis and the development of the ovarian interstitial tissue in the ferret. 19705528805
distemper vaccine in pregnant ferrets and mink. 19705532449
gastric surface morphology in man, monkey, and ferret. evidence for in situ surface cell degeneration. 19705533208
development of ferret eggs after 2 to 3 days in the rabbit fallopian tube. 19715551709
effect of unilateral vagotomy on gastric secretion in the ferret. 19715563403
changes in the hypothalamus associated with regeneration of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract after pituitary stalk section in the ferret. 19715579596
ultrastructural changes of the parietal cell in the ferret gastric mucosa induced by pylorus ligation and glucocorticoid administration. 19675590731
the virus of canine distemper in cell culture. i. adaptation of canine distemper virus to growth and serial passage in ferret kidney cell cultures and in bs-c-1 cell cultures. 19685648804
the virus of canine distemper in cell culture. ii. effect of serial passage in ferret kidney cell cultures and bs-c-1 cell cultures on the virulence of canine distemper virus. 19685648805
reactions of ferret-polecat hybrids to complexity and change. 19685657752
the relationship between the transverse tubular system and other tubules at the z disc levels of myocardial cells in the ferret. 19685659129
effect of complement and viral filtration on the neutralization of respiratory syncytial virus.the addition of 10 hemolytic units of guinea pig complement has been shown to enhance the neutralizing capacity of respiratory syncytial (rs) immune sera produced in guinea pigs and ferrets. this same immune sera, when tested without complement, had little or no neutralizing capacity. the addition of complement to rs immune horse serum did not significantly increase its neutralizing capacity. immune horse serum effectively neutralized rs virus without complement. other studies indicated that a 5 ...19685664124
age and seasonal changes in the testis of the ferret. 19685691854
ultrastructure of the pars intermedia of the ferret. 19685712081
comparison of overt and inapparent influenzal infection in ferret. 19685715898
antival activity of cyclooctylamine hydrochloride in influenza virus-infected ferrets. 19685735361
prevention by pinealectomy of light-accelerated oestrus in the ferret. 19685751895
clinical observation of experimental pseudorabies in mink and ferrets. 19685752023
degeneration and regeneration of hypothalamic nerve fibers in the neurohypophysis after pituitary stalk section in the ferret. 19695780526
contraceptive action of intra-uterine devices in the ferret. 19695788215
observations on the morphology of a nucleus in the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord of the guinea-pig, rabbit, ferret and cat. 19695788726
reproduction in the ferret (mustela furo). ii. changes following ovariectomy during early pregnancy. 19695789961
the yellow colour of the lens of the grey squirrel (sciurus carolinensis leucotis).1. the absorption spectrum of the lens of the grey squirrel (sciurus carolinensis leucotis) has been measured, revealing an absorption maximum at 370 nm. peak densities in the intact lens ranged from 12 to 20.2. this peak is not present in the lenses of horse, cow, pig, dog, cat, ferret (mustelo furo), or guinea-pig (cavia porcellus).3. the pigment responsible for this absorption is water-soluble and aqueous extracts have been examined. protein-free aqueous extracts show an additional maximum at ...19695796470
comparison between the immunizing effect in dogs and ferrets of living distemper vaccines, attenuated in dog tissue cultures and embryonated eggs. 19655864792
[pathological studies on canine distemper. 1. histopathological changes in ferrets infected with experimental canine distemper]. 19655896588
delta-5-3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the steroid-hormone producing organs of the ferret (mustela putorius furo). 19665943004
reciprocal transplantation of eggs between rabbit and ferret. 19665960621
the somatic chromosomes of the ferret. 19665961991
comments on ferret-origin distemper vaccines. 19666008151
learning-set formation by mink, ferrets, skunks, and cats.the ability of mink, fer rets, skunks, and cats to learn to dis criminate between objects was com pared. performance of mink and fer rets was similar to that reported for primates. this observation suggests that there is considerable overlap among mammals in ability to form learning sets.19676020488
effects of castration and of progesterone implantation on muscle composition in the ferret. 19676027810
effects of intertrial confinement and brightness change on ferret alternation behavior. 19676043043
effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and of ethinyl oestradiol on the fertilization and transportation of ferret eggs. 19676066773
experimental observations on the ferret corpus luteum of pregnancy. 19676066776
the feedback action of ovarian hormones in the ferret. 19676067387
light and the control of the oestrous cycle in the ferret. 19676069267
the histochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus of the ferret, cat, and monkey, with particular reference to retinal mosaics and on/off-center visual channels.the histochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase within the normal retina and lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of cats, ferrets, and monkeys revealed that distinct layers, types of cells, and portions of neurons are more intensely stained than others. the dark staining of photoreceptor inner segments and cone pedicles and the light staining of photoreceptor outer segments, somata, and rod spherules demonstrates that different segments of the same cell may have disparate but distinct levels o ...19846092560
aleutian disease virus in b and t lymphocytes from blood and spleen and in bone marrow cells from naturally infected mink.in the nuclei of 4% of peripheral blood or spleen mononuclear cells (mnc), aleutian disease virus(adv)-specific antigens were found by a direct immunofluorescence test. the mnc were further fractionated by nylon wool, affinity chromatography using staphylococcus aureus protein, or percoll gradient techniques. adv and specific antigens were detected in mnc fractions enriched in either the b or t lymphocytes. in the bone marrow, up to 40% antigen-positive cells were demonstrated over a period of 1 ...19846096293
pancreatic beta cell tumor in a ferret.a ferret with clinical and laboratory signs of hypoglycemia was found at surgery to have a beta cell tumor of the pancreas. there had been recurrent episodes of weakness, ataxia, dehydration, and hypothermia. a fasting blood glucose content was 43 mg/dl and the amended insulin/glucose ratio was 362.5. the tumor was removed, yet hypoglycemia persisted postoperatively. clinical signs related to hypoglycemia did not recur following application of medical treatment and frequent feedings. the histolo ...19846096338
alteration of cytoplasmic ionized calcium levels in smooth muscle by vasodilators in the ferret.aequorin was used as an indicator of cytoplasmic ca2+ levels during the action of vasodilators in potassium-depolarized strips of ferret portal vein. moderate concentrations of isoprenaline produced either no change or an increase in cytoplasmic ca2+ levels during smooth muscle relaxation. only in the presence of very high concentrations of isoprenaline (greater than 10(-4) m) was a decrease in intracellular ca2+ levels detectable. both papaverine and forskolin also caused relaxations of the mus ...19846096534
instinctive predatory behavior of mustelids (mustela putorius f. furo, mustela vison f. dom.) modified by benzodiazepine derivatives.the predatory behavior of the ferret and of the mink consists mainly of instinctive behavioral patterns that are elicited by simple external stimuli. an important stimulus is size of the prey; the time needed to catch and kill defensive prey depends on the size of the prey in relation to that of the predator. benzodiazepine derivatives like chlordiazepoxide or lorazepam affect the prey catching of both species significantly. drugged animals (2 mg/kg orally) need less time to overpower their prey ...19816113610
species differences in the metabolism of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid.the metabolism of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3pba) (10 mg/kg, ip) has been studied in ten mammalian and one avian species in comparison with that of benzoic acid. 3pba exhibits wide species diversity in its metabolism, unlike benzoic acid, of which benzoylglycine (hippuric acid) is the major urinary metabolite in all species studied. with 3pba, glycine conjugation is the major route of metabolism in three species (sheep, cat, and gerbil), whereas in the mouse the taurine conjugate is the principal m ...19816114835
bifluranol, a novel fluorinated bibenzyl anti-androgen, its chemistry and disposition in different animal species.the synthesis of bifluranol, a new fluorinated bibenzyl anti-androgen, and of 3h-labelled bifluranol is described. the absorption, distribution and excretion of bifluranol has been studied in mouse, rat, ferret and dog; it is readily absorbed following oral administration, but blood concentrations of the drug are low due to hepatic uptake and biliary excretion. enterohepatic re-circulation occurs, but the drug is excreted primarily in the faeces and only small amounts appear in urine. this patte ...19816116777
the metabolism of bifluranol by rat, dog and ferret.the synthesis of monohydroxy- and dihydroxy-bifluranol, and of glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of bifluranol are described. bifluranol administered orally to rats, ferrets and dogs at a dosage of 50 to 200 microgram kg-1 is mostly excreted in the faeces as unchanged bifluranol and bifluranol monosulphate, disulphate and monoglucuronide. the bifluranol is well absorbed and is mostly excreted in the bile, as six different conjugates, including a glucuronide sulphate found in all 3 species, and ...19816116778
species variations in the renal and hepatic conjugation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid with glycine.1. 3-phenoxy[14c]benzoyl-coa has been chemically synthesized, purified and characterized by field-desorption mass spectrometry. biological activity of the purified thioester was greater than 92%. 2. the two enzymic steps involved in the conjugation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3pba) with glycine have been investigated in hepatic and renal tissues from various mammalian species. 3. a 10- to 300-fold excess of acyl-coa: glycine n-acyltransferase activity as compared with acyl-coa synthetase activity ...19816118977
neurotransmitter chemistry of lissencephalic cortex induced in ferrets by fetal treatment with methylazoxymethanol acetate.treatment of pregnant ferrets with 15 mg/kg of methylazoxymethanol acetate (mam) at 33 days of fetal gestation results in offspring with cortical hypoplasia and lissencephally. neurochemical analysis of 5 areas of cortex from 8-week-old offspring of mam- or vehicle-treated jills indicated an overall enrichment in markers for catecholaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase, norepinephrine) and cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine) terminals but minimal change in the concentration of gaba ...19826125249
localization and release of lysozyme from ferret trachea: effects of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs.lysozyme is a bacteriolytic enzyme found in respiratory tract fluid. in this study, immunocytochemistry was used to determine the cells of origin of tracheal lysozyme in the ferret. lysozyme was found in secretory granules of serous but not mucous cells in the submucosal glands, and was absent from the surface epithelium, cartilage, and connective tissue. the exclusive presence of lysozyme in serous gland cells renders it useful as a biochemical marker of that cell type. measurements of lysozyme ...19836131743
cation and atp content of ferret red cells.ferret red cells were shown to have the following properties: 1. they have a high sodium (96 mmol/l cell) and low potassium (3.9 mmol/l cell) content. 2. the majority do not appear to have an active sodium pump in their membranes. 3. their membranes are highly permeable to rubidium indicating that they are probably also highly permeable to potassium. 4. their magnesium (3.01 mmol/l cell) and calcium (0.01 mmol/l cell) contents are similar to those of red cells from other species. 5. their atp co ...19836132742
species differences in epinephrine concentration and norepinephrine n-methyltransferase activity in hypothalamus and brain stem.1. the concentration of epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine, and the activity of norepinephrine n-methyltransferase, the epinephrine-forming enzyme, were determined in hypothalamus and brain stem in several species. 2. epinephrine concentration in hypothalamus, a nerve terminal region, varied in the order frog greater than turtle greater than chicken greater than cat greater than dog greater than pigeon greater than rat greater than ferret greater than hamster greater than mouse, with conce ...19836132773
species differences in the metabolic conjugation of clofibric acid and clofibrate in laboratory animals and man.the urinary metabolites of single doses of clofibric acid (p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid), and its ethyl ester, clofibrate, have been investigated in rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, cat, ferret, and human volunteers. human volunteers, rodents, and rabbits given clofibric acid excreted 60-90% of the 14c dose in the urine in 24 hr, and the only metabolite found was the ester glucuronide of clofibric acid, together with small amounts of the unchanged acid. in the dog, cat, and ferret, however, urina ...19836133730
continuous monitoring of the position of the ferret mandibular canine tooth to enable comparisons with the continuously-growing rabbit incisor.a variable capacitance displacement transducer, previously employed for continuously monitoring movements of the rabbit mandibular incisor, was modified for use with the ferret mandibular canine. comparing this tooth of limited growth with the tooth of continuous growth, similarities were seen in the reactions to extrusive loads and the responses at death. for the tooth of limited growth, however, less creep was seen with extrusive loading and hexamethonium did not produce changes in tooth posit ...19836138020
the intestine of ferret--a possible site of influenza virus replication.anal virus shedding and stimulation of the immune response were observed in ferrets after oral and rectal administration of influenza a/hongkong/1/68 (h3n2) virus. despite of the low ph in the stomach, the virus had reached the intestines after oral administration and was found in high concentration in faeces and in mucosal cells lining the colon. using immunofluorescent staining, the virus antigen was detected in cytoplasm of columnar epithelial cells. virus replication also occurred in the res ...19846148853
the development of the retinogeniculate pathways in normal and albino ferrets.the retinogeniculate pathways of normal and albino ferrets have been studied with horseradish peroxidase and tritiated proline used as axonal markers. the uncrossed retinogeniculate projection of adult albino ferrets is abnormally small and occupies only a fraction of the geniculate area normally occupied by uncrossed afferents. the crossed pathway is correspondingly expanded, occupying almost the entire nucleus. the geniculate laminae in the albino ferret are abnormal, showing abnormal fusions ...19846151658
pathology of experimental infection with brugia malayi in ferrets: comparison with occult filariasis in man.ferrets experimentally infected with brugia malayi (subperiodic strain) developed eosinophilia at patency and usually became amicrofilaremic. ferrets necropsied within 3 months after becoming amicrofilaremic had granulomas and focal reactions to degenerating microfilariae in their livers, lungs and lymph nodes essentially identical to those of tropical eosinophilia. four of 7 ferrets that received multiple inoculations of larvae, developed edema of the inoculated paw and leg after becoming amicr ...19846152118
antigenic and genomic analyses of influenza a(h1n1) viruses from different regions of the world, february 1978 to march 1980.antigenic analysis of influenza a(h1n1) virus isolates by hemagglutination inhibition reactions with postinfection ferret sera and mouse monoclonal antibodies showed that, although the predominant virus in 1978 to 1979 had an a/brazil/11/78-like hemagglutinin, several new antigenic variants could be detected which differed from those identified in 1977 to 1978. most of the variants showed very minor changes and did not achieve epidemiological significance. genome analysis by ribonucleic acid-rib ...19816163725
the relation of interferon and nonspecific inhibitors to virus levels in nasal washes of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence.two clones (7a, virulent; 64d, attenuated) of a recombinant influenza virus (a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2)) were inactivated at the same rate by viral inhibitors present in nasal washes taken from both clone 7a- and clone 64d-infected ferrets. both clones induced similar levels of interferon in the nasal washes of infected animals. the onset and rise of interferon production occurred at the same time for both clones, and was associated with a decline in virus titres. in addition, both clones ...19816164382
[new antigenic variants of influenza a(h1n1) virus detected in the ussr in 1979].studies of influenza a (h1n1) viruses isolated in the spring of 1979 in the ussr showed all the 73 strains to belong to influenza a (h1n1) virus but to be heterogeneous. apart from the strains identical with the reference a/ussr/90/77 and a/brazil/11/78 as well as intermediate ones, 14 strains were identified and found to be new drift variants. a composite analysis of representative strains of this group (a/ussr/50/79 and a/ussr/61/79) by hi test with diagnostic rat and ferret sera as well as mo ...19816168112
mucous cells of the tracheobronchial tree in the ferret.mucosubstances in the tracheobronchial tree of the ferret were studied histochemically. the submucous glands contained predominantly neutral mucins. scattered between these were cells containing sulphated mucins and sialidase-labile and sialidase-resistant sialomucins. most of the goblet cells in the trachea, as well as those in the bronchi and larger bronchioles, contained sulphated mucins. a smaller proportion of the goblet cells showed sialidase-labile and sialidase-resistant sialomucins. it ...19826175610
aleutian disease in ferrets.when 32 antibody-free ferrets were inoculated with the highly mink-virulent utah-1 strain of aleutian disease virus (adv), most developed adv antibody starting 15 days after infection, but the antibody titers were much lower than those seen in mink. relatively small amounts of adv were demonstrated in crfk cell culture, using ferret spleen and lymph node homogenates only 4 to 10 days after experimental infection, but low-level viral persistence for 180 days was shown by mink inoculation. the fer ...19826176546
antigenic properties of some equine influenza viruses.the antigenic relationships between the haemagglutinins of five a/equine-1 viruses and between six a/equine-2 viruses were examined using post-infection ferret and immunized pony sera. similar results were obtained with sera from both species for the a/equine-1 viruses and these confirmed minor antigenic differences between the prototype a/prague 1/56 virus and viruses isolated in england in 1973 and 1977. considerable antigenic differences were found between five of the a/equine-2 viruses, usin ...19826181759
establishment and characterization of ferret cells in culture.cells derived from the brain of a 6 wk-old ferret have been subcultured over 100 times and have undergone over 400 population doublings in vitro. these cells, referred to as mpf cells, have an absolute efficiency of colony formation in excess of 45%, exhibit a mean population doubling time of 12.5 h, possess ferret-specific antigens, and have isozymes with electrophoretic properties that are the same as those of isozymes found in ferret liver. the cells exhibit a cytopathic effect and support th ...19826185411
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