| genomic patterns of nucleotide diversity in divergent populations of u.s. weedy rice. | weedy rice (red rice), a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), is a significant problem throughout the world and an emerging threat in regions where it was previously absent. despite belonging to the same species complex as domesticated rice and its wild relatives, the evolutionary origins of weedy rice remain unclear. we use genome-wide patterns of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) variation in a broad geographic sample of weedy, domesticated, and wild oryza samples to infer ... | 2010 | 20550656 |
| functional characterization of the siz/pias-type sumo e3 ligases, ossiz1 and ossiz2 in rice. | sumoylation is a post-translational regulatory process in diverse cellular processes in eukaryotes, involving conjugation/deconjugation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) proteins to other proteins thus modifying their function. the pias [protein inhibitor of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (stat)] and sap (scaffold attachment factor a/b/acinus/pias)/miz (siz) proteins exhibit sumo e3-ligase activity that facilitates the conjugation of sumo proteins to target su ... | 2010 | 20561251 |
| magnaporthe grisea interactions with the model grass brachypodium distachyon closely resemble those with rice (oryza sativa). | summary germplasm of brachypodium distachyon was inoculated with magnaporthe grisea using either rice- (guy11) or grass-adapted (fag1.1.1, pa19w-06, pa31v-01) host-limited forms of the fungus, and interactions with varying degrees of susceptibility and resistance were identified. ecotype abr5 was resistant to each m. grisea strain whereas abr1 was susceptible to all but p31vi-01. mendelian segregation in abr1 x abr5 crosses suggested that a single dominant resistance gene conferred resistance to ... | 2004 | 20565594 |
| the abre-binding bzip transcription factor osabf2 is a positive regulator of abiotic stress and aba signaling in rice. | abscisic acid (aba) is an important phytohormone involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. the group a bzip transcription factors play important roles in the aba signaling pathway in arabidopsis but little is known about their functions in rice. in our current study, we have isolated and characterized a group a bzip transcription factor in rice, osabf2 (oryza sativa aba-responsive element binding factor 2). it was found to be expressed in various tissues in rice and induced by different ty ... | 2010 | 20576316 |
| application of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimization of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 production by escherichia coli in medium containing byproduct glycerol. | production of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 (oshb1) by escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production. response surface methodology (rsm) and artificial neural networks (anns), followed by multiple response optimization through a desirability function were applied to evaluate the amount of oshb1 produced. the results obtained by the application of anns were ... | 2010 | 20576568 |
| application of response surface methodology and artificial neural networks for optimization of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 production by escherichia coli in medium containing byproduct glycerol. | production of recombinant oryza sativa non-symbiotic hemoglobin 1 (oshb1) by escherichia coli was maximized in shake-flask cultures in media containing tryptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride and byproduct glycerol from biodiesel production. response surface methodology (rsm) and artificial neural networks (anns), followed by multiple response optimization through a desirability function were applied to evaluate the amount of oshb1 produced. the results obtained by the application of anns were ... | 2010 | 20578289 |
| boron toxicity tolerance in barley through reduced expression of the multifunctional aquaporin hvnip2;1. | boron (b) toxicity is a significant limitation to cereal crop production in a number of regions worldwide. here we describe the cloning of a gene from barley (hordeum vulgare), underlying the chromosome 6h b toxicity tolerance quantitative trait locus. it is the second b toxicity tolerance gene identified in barley. previously, we identified the gene bot1 that functions as an efflux transporter in b toxicity-tolerant barley to move b out of the plant. the gene identified in this work encodes hvn ... | 2010 | 20581256 |
| gene transfer into solanum tuberosum via rhizobium spp. | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) is the preferred technique for gene transfer into crops. a major disadvantage of the technology remains the complexity of the patent landscape that surrounds atmt which restricts its use for commercial applications. an alternative system has been described (broothaerts et al. in nature 433:629-633, 2005) detailing the propensity of three rhizobia to transform the model crop arabidopsis thaliana, the non-food crop nicotiana tabacum and, at ... | 2011 | 20582626 |
| molecular evolution of shattering loci in u.s. weedy rice. | cultivated rice fields worldwide are plagued with weedy rice, a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). the persistence of weedy rice has been attributed, in part, to its ability to shatter (disperse) seed prior to crop harvesting. in the united states, separately evolved weedy rice groups have been shown to share genomic identity with exotic domesticated cultivars. here, we investigate the shattering phenotype in a collection of u.s. weedy rice accessions, as well as wild and cul ... | 2010 | 20584132 |
| seeing red: the origin of grain pigmentation in us weedy rice. | weedy forms of crop species infest agricultural fields worldwide and are a leading cause of crop losses, yet little is known about how these weeds evolve. red rice (oryza sativa), a major weed of cultivated rice fields in the us, is recognized by the dark-pigmented grain that gives it its common name. studies using neutral molecular markers have indicated a close relationship between us red rice and domesticated rice, suggesting that the weed may have originated through reversion of domesticated ... | 2010 | 20584133 |
| ospie1, the rice ortholog of arabidopsis photoperiod-independent early flowering1, is essential for embryo development. | the swr1 complex is important for the deposition of histone variant h2a.z into chromatin necessary to robustly regulate gene expression during growth and development. in arabidopsis thaliana, the catalytic subunit of the swr1-like complex, encoded by pie1 (photoperiod-independent early flowering1), has been shown to function in multiple developmental processes including flowering time pathways and petal number regulation. however, the function of the pie1 orthologs in monocots remains unknown. | 2010 | 20585576 |
| production of marker-free transgenic rice expressing tissue-specific bt gene. | the hybrid bacillus thuringiensis (bt) δ-endotoxin gene cry1ab/ac was used to develop a transgenic bt rice (oryza sativa l.) targeting lepidopteran insects of rice. here, we show the production of a marker-free and tissue-specific expressing transgenic bt rice line l24 using agrobacterium-mediated transformation and a chemically regulated, cre/loxp-mediated dna recombination system. l24 carries a single copy of marker-free t-dna that contains the cry1ab/ac gene driven by a maize phosphoenolpyruv ... | 2010 | 20593185 |
| effects of ozone on growth, yield and leaf gas exchange rates of four bangladeshi cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.). | to assess the effects of tropospheric o3 on rice cultivated in bangladesh, four bangladeshi cultivars (br11, br14, br28 and br29) of rice (oryza sativa l.) were exposed daily to charcoal-filtered air or o3 at 60 and 100 nl l(-1) (10:00-17:00) from 1 july to 28 november 2008. the whole-plant dry mass and grain yield per plant of the four cultivars were significantly reduced by the exposure to o3. the exposure to o3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate of the 12th and flag leaves of the f ... | 2010 | 20598788 |
| lowering intercellular melatonin levels by transgenic analysis of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase from rice in tomato plants. | melatonin exists in numerous living organisms including vertebrates, insects, fungi, bacteria, and plants. extensive studies have been conducted on the physiological roles of melatonin in various plant species. in plants, melatonin seems to act in antioxidant protection, as a growth promoter, and in photoperiodism. however, the mechanisms by which melatonin carries out these roles remain unclear. we manipulated the endogenous melatonin content in tomato plants by modifying the metabolic enzyme i ... | 2010 | 20609074 |
| rice structural variation: a comparative analysis of structural variation between rice and three of its closest relatives in the genus oryza. | rapid progress in comparative genomics among the grasses has revealed similar gene content and order despite exceptional differences in chromosome size and number. large- and small-scale genomic variations are of particular interest, especially among cultivated and wild species, as they encode rapidly evolving features that may be important in adaptation to particular environments. we present a genome-wide study of intermediate-sized structural variation (sv) among rice (oryza sativa) and three ... | 2010 | 20626650 |
| identification and characterization of proteins involved in rice urea and arginine catabolism. | rice (oryza sativa) production relies strongly on nitrogen (n) fertilization with urea, but the proteins involved in rice urea metabolism have not yet been characterized. coding sequences for rice arginase, urease, and the urease accessory proteins d (ured), f (uref), and g (ureg) involved in urease activation were identified and cloned. the functionality of urease and the urease accessory proteins was demonstrated by complementing corresponding arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) mutants and by ... | 2010 | 20631318 |
| kinetic basis for the conjugation of auxin by a gh3 family indole-acetic acid-amido synthetase. | the gh3 family of acyl-acid-amido synthetases catalyze the atp-dependent formation of amino acid conjugates to modulate levels of active plant hormones, including auxins and jasmonates. initial biochemical studies of various gh3s show that these enzymes group into three families based on sequence relationships and acyl-acid substrate preference (i, jasmonate-conjugating; ii, auxin- and salicylic acid-conjugating; iii, benzoate-conjugating); however, little is known about the kinetic and chemical ... | 2010 | 20639576 |
| hemagglutinating activity of proteins from parkia speciosa seeds. | proteins from parkia speciosa hassk. (fabaceae) seeds were extracted and stepwise precipitated using ammonium sulfate. proteins precipitated with 25% ammonium sulfate were separated by affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel followed by protein liquid chromatography on superdex 200. the protein gj, which was identified as a protein similar to putative aristolochene synthase, 3'-partial from oryza sativa l. (poaceae), had hemagglutinating activity of 0.39 mug/mul. moreover, fraction c2 from ... | 2010 | 20645760 |
| combining machine learning and homology-based approaches to accurately predict subcellular localization in arabidopsis. | a complete map of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) proteome is clearly a major goal for the plant research community in terms of determining the function and regulation of each encoded protein. developing genome-wide prediction tools such as for localizing gene products at the subcellular level will substantially advance arabidopsis gene annotation. to this end, we performed a comprehensive study in arabidopsis and created an integrative support vector machine-based localization predictor ... | 2010 | 20647376 |
| cyp93g2 is a flavanone 2-hydroxylase required for c-glycosylflavone biosynthesis in rice. | c-glycosylflavones are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, and many of them have beneficial effects on human health. they are a special group of flavonoid glycosides in which the sugars are c-linked to the flavone skeleton. it has been long presumed that c-glycosylflavones have a different biosynthetic origin from o-glycosylflavonoids. in rice (oryza sativa), a c-glucosyltransferase (oscgt) that accepts 2-hydroxyflavanone substrates and a dehydratase activity that selectively converts c-glucosyl-2- ... | 2010 | 20647377 |
| involvement of tbl/duf231 proteins into cell wall biology. | through map-based cloning we determined trichome birefringence (tbr) to belong to a plant-specific, yet anonymous gene family with 46 members in arabidopsis thaliana. these genes all encode the domain of unknown function 231 (duf231). tbr and its homolog trichome birefringence-like3 (tbl3) are transcriptionally coordinated with cellulose synthase (cesa) genes, and loss of tbr or tbl3 results in decreased levels of crystalline secondary wall cellulose in trichomes and stems, respectively. loss of ... | 2010 | 20657172 |
| the tig1 histone deacetylase complex regulates infectious growth in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae. | magnaporthe oryzae is the most damaging fungal pathogen of rice (oryza sativa). in this study, we characterized the tig1 transducin beta-like gene required for infectious growth and its interacting genes that are required for plant infection in this model phytopathogenic fungus. tig1 homologs in yeast and mammalian cells are part of a conserved histone deacetylase (hdac) transcriptional corepressor complex. the tig1 deletion mutant was nonpathogenic and defective in conidiogenesis. it had an inc ... | 2010 | 20675574 |
| germin-like proteins (glps) in cereal genomes: gene clustering and dynamic roles in plant defence. | the recent release of the genome sequences of a number of crop and model plant species has made it possible to define the genome organisation and functional characteristics of specific genes and gene families of agronomic importance. for instance, sorghum bicolor, maize (zea mays) and brachypodium distachyon genome sequences along with the model grass species rice (oryza sativa) enable the comparative analysis of genes involved in plant defence. germin-like proteins (glps) are a small, functiona ... | 2010 | 20683632 |
| genetic and comparative genomics mapping reveals that a powdery mildew resistance gene ml3d232 originating from wild emmer co-segregates with an nbs-lrr analog in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide and breeding for resistance using diversified disease resistance genes is the most promising approach to prevent outbreaks of powdery mildew. a powdery mildew resistance gene, originating from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) accessions collected from israel, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line 3d232 through crossing and backcrossing. inoculation res ... | 2010 | 20686747 |
| functional analysis of the structural domain of arf proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.). | auxin response factors (arfs) are key regulators of plant growth and development. through interaction with auxin/indole acetic acid (aux/iaa) proteins, they influence the expression of auxin response genes. an arf gene family has been predicted in rice, but the functions of the individual structural domains of the osarfs remain obscure. bioinformatics was used to analyse the position of the dna-binding domain (dbd), middle region (mr), and c-terminal dimerization domain (ctd) of osarfs, and expe ... | 2010 | 20693412 |
| expression, purification and crystallization of a plant type iii polyketide synthase that produces diarylheptanoids. | curcuminoid synthase (cus) from oryza sativa is a plant-specific type iii polyketide synthase that catalyzes the one-pot formation of bisdemethoxycurcumin by the condensation of two molecules of 4-coumaroyl-coa and one molecule of malonyl-coa. recombinant cus was expressed in escherichia coli and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystals belonged to space group p2(1), with unit-cell parameters a=72.7, b=97.2, c=126.2 a, alpha=gamma=90.0, beta=103.7 degrees. a diffrac ... | 2010 | 20693677 |
| multiple distinct small rnas originate from the same microrna precursors. | micrornas (mirnas), which originate from precursor transcripts with stem-loop structures, are essential gene expression regulators in eukaryotes. | 2010 | 20696037 |
| cultivated and weedy rice interactions and the domestication process. | examining the targets of selection in crop species and their wild and weedy relatives sheds light on the evolutionary processes underlying differentiation of cultivars from progenitor lineages. on one hand, human-mediated directional selection in crops favours traits associated with the streamlining of controllable and predictable monoculture practices alongside selection for desired trait values. on the other hand, natural selection in wild and especially weedy relatives presumably favours trai ... | 2010 | 20701682 |
| characterization of the molecular mechanism underlying gibberellin perception complex formation in rice. | the della protein slender rice1 (slr1) is a repressor of gibberellin (ga) signaling in rice (oryza sativa), and most of the ga-associated responses are induced upon slr1 degradation. it is assumed that interaction between gibberellin insensitive dwarf1 (gid1) and the n-terminal della/tvhynp motif of slr1 triggers f-box protein gid2-mediated slr1 degradation. we identified a semidominant dwarf mutant, slr1-d4, which contains a mutation in the region encoding the c-terminal gras domain of slr1 (sl ... | 2010 | 20716699 |
| generation of marker-free bt transgenic indica rice and evaluation of its yellow stem borer resistance. | we report on generation of marker-free (‘clean dna’) transgenic rice (oryza sativa), carrying minimal gene-expression-cassettes of the genes of interest, and evaluation of its resistance to yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: pyralidae). the transgenic indica rice harbours a translational fusion of 2 different bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes, namely cry1b-1aa, driven by the green-tissue-specific phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (pepc) promoter. mature seed-derive ... | 2010 | 20720299 |
| high frequency plant regeneration from mature seed of elite, recalcitrant malaysian indica rice ( oryza sativa l.) cv. mr 219. | an efficient in vitro plant regeneration system was established for elite, recalcitrant malaysian indica rice, oryza sativa l. cv. mr 219 using mature seeds as explant on murashige and skoog and chu n6 media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and kinetin either alone or in different combinations. l-proline, casein hydrolysate and l-glutamine were added to callus induction media for enhancement of embryogenic callus induction. the highest frequency of friable callus induction (84%) was ob ... | 2010 | 20724277 |
| histopathology and the lethal effect of cry proteins and strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner in spodoptera frugiperda j.e. smith caterpillars (lepidoptera, noctuidae). | among the phytophagous insects which attack crops, the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith, 1797) (lepidoptera, noctuidae) is particularly harmful in the initial growth phase of rice plants. as a potential means of controlling this pest, and considering that the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis berliner demonstrates toxicity due to synthesis of the cry protein, the present study was undertaken to evaluate this toxic effect of b. thuringiensis thuringiensis 407 (ph 408) and b. t ... | 2010 | 20730357 |
| transpositional reactivation of the dart transposon family in rice lines derived from introgressive hybridization with zizania latifolia. | it is widely recognized that interspecific hybridization may induce "genome shock", and lead to genetic and epigenetic instabilities in the resultant hybrids and/or backcrossed introgressants. a prominent component involved in the genome shock is reactivation of cryptic transposable elements (tes) in the hybrid genome, which is often associated with alteration in the elements' epigenetic modifications like cytosine dna methylation. we have previously reported that introgressants derived from hyb ... | 2010 | 20796287 |
| comparative analysis of pistil transcriptomes reveals conserved and novel genes expressed in dry, wet, and semidry stigmas. | fertilization in angiosperms depends on a complex cellular "courtship" between haploid pollen and diploid pistil. these pollen-pistil interactions are regulated by a diversity of molecules, many of which remain to be identified and characterized. thus, it is unclear to what extent these processes are conserved among angiosperms, a fact confounded by limited sampling across taxa. here, we report the analysis of pistil-expressed genes in senecio squalidus (asteraceae), a species from euasterid ii, ... | 2010 | 20813907 |
| production of dehydrogingerdione derivatives in escherichia coli by exploiting a curcuminoid synthase from oryza sativa and a β-oxidation pathway from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | gingerol derivatives are bioactive compounds isolated from the rhizome of ginger. they possess various beneficial activities, such as anticancer and hepatoprotective activities, and are therefore attractive targets of bioengineering. however, the microbial production of gingerol derivatives has not yet been established, primarily because the biosynthetic pathway of gingerol is unknown. here, we report the production of several dehydrogingerdione (a gingerol derivative) analogues from a recombina ... | 2010 | 20836122 |
| oshma3, a p1b-type of atpase affects root-to-shoot cadmium translocation in rice by mediating efflux into vacuoles. | • the cadmium (cd) over-accumulating rice (oryza sativa) cv cho-ko-koku was previously shown to have an enhanced rate of root-to-shoot cd translocation. this trait is controlled by a single recessive allele located at qcdt7. • in this study, using positional cloning and transgenic strategies, heavy metal atpase 3 (oshma3) was identified as the gene that controls root-to-shoot cd translocation rates. the subcellular localization and cd-transporting activity of the gene products were also investig ... | 2011 | 20840506 |
| the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae overcomes rice defenses by regulating host copper redistribution. | pathogen effectors are virulence factors causing plant diseases. how the host targets of these effectors facilitate pathogen infection is largely unknown. an effector of xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo) transcriptionally activates rice (oryza sativa) susceptibility gene xa13 to cause bacterial blight disease. xa13 encodes an indispensable plasma membrane protein of the mtn3/saliva family, which is prevalent in eukaryotes with unknown biochemical function. we show that the xa13 protein cooperat ... | 2010 | 20852017 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing a fused protein of cry1ab/vip3h has resistance to rice stem borers under laboratory and field conditions. | six transgenic rice, oryza sativa l., lines (g6h1, g6h2, g6h3, g6h4, g6h5, and g6h6) expressing a fused cry1ab/vip3h protein, were evaluated for resistance against the asiatic rice borer, chilo suppressalis (walker) (lepidoptera: crambidae), and the stem borer sesamia inferens (walker) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in the laboratory and field. the bioassay results indicated that the mortality of asiatic rice borer and s. inferens neonate larvae on six transgenic lines from seedling to filling stage w ... | 2010 | 20857760 |
| [dry matter accumulation in rice aboveground part: quantitative simulation]. | a field experiment with four rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars and different nitrogen application rates was conducted, with the dry matter accumulation (dma) in the cultivars aboveground part measured at their main growth stages. the dynamic model of relative dry matter accumulation (rdma) was established with the normalized dma and tep (product of thermal effectiveness and par) from emergence to maturity, and the temporal characteristics of dma changes was quantitatively analyzed based on the rd ... | 2010 | 20873627 |
| a ring finger e3 ligase gene, oryza sativa delayed seed germination 1 (osdsg1), controls seed germination and stress responses in rice. | seed germination is an important character for plant growth and seed quality. we identified a rice mutant that was delayed in its germination. there, t-dna was inserted into oryza sativa delayed seed germination 1 (osdsg1), causing a recessive null mutation. overexpression of the gene enhanced seed germination. osdsg1 is most similar to arabidopsis aip2, an e3 ligase targeting abi3.yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that our osdsg1 binds to osabi3, indicating that osdsg1 is a rice ortholog of a ... | 2010 | 20878348 |
| metabolomic and functional genomic analyses reveal varietal differences in bioactive compounds of cooked rice. | emerging evidence supports that cooked rice (oryza sativa l.) contains metabolites with biomedical activities, yet little is known about the genetic diversity that is responsible for metabolite variation and differences in health traits. metabolites from ten diverse varieties of cooked rice were detected using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. a total of 3,097 compounds were detected, of which 25% differed among the ten varieties. multivariate analyses of the ... | 2010 | 20886119 |
| the adaptation of rice yellow mottle virus to the eif(iso)4g-mediated rice resistance. | the rymv1-3 allele of the eif(iso)4g-mediated resistance to rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) is found in a few oryza glaberrima cultivars. the same resistance-breaking (rb) mutations emerged in the central domain of the vpg after inoculation of isolates of different strains. the rb mutations were fixed, often sequentially, at codons 41 and 52 which paralleled an increase in virus accumulation. rb mutations also emerged after inoculation of an avirulent infectious clone, indicating that they were ... | 2010 | 20888025 |
| comparison of the role of gibberellins and ethylene in response to submergence of two lowland rice cultivars, senia and bomba. | we examined the gibberellin (ga) and ethylene regulation of submergence-induced elongation in seedlings of the submergence-tolerant lowland rice (oryza sativa l.) cvs senia and bomba. elongation was enhanced after germination to facilitate water escape and reach air. we found that submergence-induced elongation depends on ga because it was counteracted by paclobutrazol (an inhibitor of ga biosynthesis), an effect that was negated by ga(3). moreover, in the cv senia, submergence increased the con ... | 2011 | 20889230 |
| the molecular recognition mechanism for superoxide dismutase presequence binding to the mitochondrial protein import receptor tom20 from oryza sativa involves an lrtla motif. | most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as precursor and imported into the mitochondria by tom complexes (translocase of outer membrane complexes). knowledge of the binding mechanism between precursor and tom20 in plants is very limited. here, computational methods are employed to improve our understanding of the interactions between both molecules. to this end, we model mitochondrial superoxide dismutase precursor (psod) in complex with tom20 in oryza sativa (ostom20). in a f ... | 2010 | 20936826 |
| association between nonsynonymous mutations of starch synthase iia and starch quality in rice (oryza sativa). | starch quality is one of the most important agronomic traits in asian rice, oryza sativa. starch synthase iia (ssiia) is a major candidate gene for starch quality variation. within ssiia, three nonsynonymous mutations in exon 8 have been shown to affect enzyme activity when expressed in escherichia coli. to search for the variation in ssiia that is responsible for starch quality variation in rice, we sequenced the ssiia exon 8 region and measured starch quality as starch disintegration in alkali ... | 2010 | 20946420 |
| production of functional recombinant bovine trypsin in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures. | a synthetic bovine trypsinogen (sbtrypsinogen) was synthesized on the basis of rice-optimized codon usage via an overlap pcr strategy, prior to being expressed under the control of the sucrose starvation-inducible rice α-amylase 3d (ramy3d) promoter. secretion of trypsin into the culture medium was achieved by using the existing signal peptide. the plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli (oryza sativa l. cv. dongjin), mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the integration of the s ... | 2010 | 20951807 |
| niasgbdb: nias genebank databases for genetic resources and plant disease information. | the national institute of agrobiological sciences (nias) is implementing the nias genebank project for conservation and promotion of agrobiological genetic resources to contribute to the development and utilization of agriculture and agricultural products. the project's databases (niasgbdb; http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/databases_en.php) consist of a genetic resource database and a plant diseases database, linked by a web retrieval database. the genetic resources database has plant and microorgani ... | 2010 | 20952407 |
| molecular and functional analyses of rice nhx-type na+/h+ antiporter genes. | we previously cloned a vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter gene (osnhx1) from rice (oryza sativa). here we identified four additional nhx-type antiporter genes in rice (osnhx2 through osnhx5) and performed molecular and functional analyses of those genes. the exon-intron structure of the osnhx genes and the phylogenetic tree of the osnhx proteins suggest that the osnhx proteins are categorized into two subgroups (osnhx1 through osnhx4 and osnhx5). osnhx1, osnhx2, osnhx3, and osnhx5 can suppress the na+, ... | 2010 | 20963607 |
| cycloheximide-mediated superinduction of genes involves both native and foreign transcripts in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice seedlings subjected to heat shock show rapid and transient induction of oshsp17.4-ci, oshsp17.9a-ci and osclpb-cyt/hsp100 transcripts. when the seedlings were pre-treated with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, levels of the above transcripts during heat shock were more elevated than those seen with heat shock alone. heat stress and cycloheximide co-treatment resulted in higher transcript accumulation in comparison to cycloheximide pre-treatment followed by heat stress. in transgeni ... | 2010 | 20980158 |
| in silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements in 5' regulatory regions of sucrose transporter gene families in rice (oryza sativa japonica) and arabidopsis thaliana. | the regulation of gene expression involves a multifarious regulatory system. each gene contains a unique combination of cis-acting regulatory sequence elements in the 5' regulatory region that determines its temporal and spatial expression. cis-acting regulatory elements are essential transcriptional gene regulatory units; they control many biological processes and stress responses. thus a full understanding of the transcriptional gene regulation system will depend on successful functional analy ... | 2010 | 21036669 |
| subcellular localization of proteins of oryza sativa l. in the model tobacco and tomato plants. | the cellular localization and molecular interactions are indicative of functions of a protein. the development of a simple and efficient method for subcellular localization of a protein is indispensable to elucidate gene function in plants. in this study, we assessed the feasibility of agrobacterium-mediated transformation (agroinfiltration) of tobacco and tomato leaf tissue to follow intracellular targeting of proteins from rice fused to green fluorescent protein (gfp). for this, a simple in pl ... | 2010 | 21045556 |
| characterization of a novel rice kinesin o12 with a calponin homology domain. | genomic analysis predicted that the rice (oryza sativa var. japonica) genome encodes at least 41 kinesin-like proteins including the novel kinesin o12, which is classified as a kinesin-14 family member. o12 has a calponin homology (ch) domain that is known as an actin-binding domain. in this study, we expressed the functional domains of o12 in escherichia coli and determined its enzymatic characteristics compared with other kinesins. the microtubule-dependent atpase activity of recombinant o12 c ... | 2010 | 21047815 |
| anti-inflammatory effects of peptide fragments of h2a histone and oryza sativa japonica protein. | anti-inflammatory drugs are often of limited use due to low efficacy and toxic effects. the present study describes the anti-inflammatory effects of a novel nonapeptide termed iiim1, using the mouse hind paw edema as an experimental model of inflammation. multiple prophylactic injections of iiim1 resulted in a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced foot pad swelling, both in mice and rats. a single prophylactic treatment of the peptide caused the maximal effect at 7-9 days between the init ... | 2010 | 21055433 |
| sphingomonas oryziterrae sp. nov. and sphingomonas jinjuensis sp. nov. isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice (oryza sativa l.). | gram-negative, yellow-orange pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strains, yc6722t and yc6723t, were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of rice fields in jinju, korea. strains yc6722t and yc6723t grew optimally at 25-30 °c and at ph 7.0-8.5. the phylogenetic analyses of 16s rrna gene sequences showed that strains yc6722t and yc6723t were most closely related to sphingomonas jaspsi tdma-16t and sphingomonas aquatilis jss7t with 96.6 % and 96.9 % similarities in 16s rrna gene sequence, respectiv ... | 2010 | 21057052 |
| pollen-specific expression of oryza sativa indica pollen allergen gene (osipa) promoter in rice and arabidopsis transgenic systems. | earlier, a pollen-specific oryza sativa indica pollen allergen gene (osipa), coding for expansins/pollen allergens, was isolated from rice, and its promoter--upon expression in tobacco and arabidopsis--was found active during the late stages of pollen development. in this investigation, to analyze the effects of different putative regulatory motifs of osipa promoter, a series of 5' deletions were fused to β-glucuronidase gene (gus) which were stably introduced into rice and arabidopsis. histoche ... | 2011 | 21061188 |
| manipulating broad-spectrum disease resistance by suppressing pathogen-induced auxin accumulation in rice. | breeding crops with the quality of broad-spectrum disease resistance using genetic resources is one of the principal goals of crop improvement. however, the molecular mechanism of broad-spectrum resistance remains largely unknown. here, we show that gh3-2, encoding an indole-3-acetic acid (iaa)-amido synthetase, mediates a broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola and fungal magnaporthe grisea in rice (oryza sativa). iaa, the major fo ... | 2010 | 21071600 |
| arsenic tolerances in rice (oryza sativa) have a predominant role in transcriptional regulation of a set of genes including sulphur assimilation pathway and antioxidant system. | world wide arsenic (as) contamination of rice has raised much concern as it is the staple crop for millions. four most commonly cultivated rice cultivars, triguna, ir-36, pnr-519 and iet-4786, of the west bengal region were taken for a hydroponic study to examine the effect of arsenate (as(v)) and arsenite (as(iii)) on growth response, expression of genes and antioxidants vis-à-vis as accumulation. the rice genotypes responded differentially under as(v) and as(iii) stress in terms of gene expres ... | 2010 | 21075415 |
| rhizobium pseudoryzae sp. nov., isolated from rice rhizosphere. | a gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain j3-a127(t), was isolated from the roots of fresh rice plants (oryza sativa). the cells were non-motile and no flagellum was detected. comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that the strain was phylogenetically related to species of the genus rhizobium, with closest similarity to rhizobium oryzae alt505(t) (95.8%). the low similarities (less than 90%) found between the gyrb, atpd, reca and glnii sequences of the s ... | 2010 | 21075907 |
| ectopic expression of rice xa21 overcomes developmentally controlled resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) activates the innate immune response. the rice prr, xa21, confers robust resistance at adult stages to most strains of the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). seedlings are still easily infected by xoo, causing severe yield losses. here we report that xa21 is induced by xoo infection and that ectopic expression of xa21 confers resistance at three leaf stage (three-week-old), ... | 2010 | 21076626 |
| arsenate exposure affects amino acids, mineral nutrient status and antioxidants in rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes. | simulated pot experiments were conducted on four rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes (triguna, ir-36, pnr-519, and iet-4786) to examine the effects of as(v) on amino acids and mineral nutrient status in grain along with antioxidant response to arsenic exposure. rice genotypes responded differentially to as(v) exposure in terms of amino acids and antioxidant profiles. total amino acid content in grains of all rice genotypes was positively correlated with arsenic accumulation. while, most of the esse ... | 2010 | 21077666 |
| an in silico analysis of the mitochondrial protein import apparatus of plants. | an in silico analysis of the mitochondrial protein import apparatus from a variety of species; including chlamydomonas reinhardtii, chlorella variabilis, ectocarpus siliculosus, cyanidioschyzon merolae, physcomitrella patens, selaginella moellendorffii, picea glauca, oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana was undertaken to determine if components differed within and between plant and non-plant species. | 2010 | 21078193 |
| variations in bran carotenoid levels within and between rice subgroups. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is a major grain in the human diet and carotenoids are valuable antioxidants. however, little is known about varietal differences in the carotenoid contents of the rice bran. the objective of this study is to determine the relative differences in bran carotenoid levels among all the five subgroups of rice. measurements were made by a recently described, rapid non-destructive fluorescence quenching method. confirmation by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) after ... | 2010 | 21080076 |
| molecular analysis of an additional case of hybrid sterility in rice (oryza sativa l.). | hybrid sterility hinders the exploitation of the heterosis displayed by japonica × indica rice hybrids. the variation in pollen semi-sterility observed among hybrids between the japonica recipient cultivar and each of two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines involving introgression from an indica cultivar was due to a factor on chromosome 5 known to harbor the gene s24. s24 was fine mapped to a 42 kb segment by analyzing a large f(2) population bred from the cross s24-nil × asominori, w ... | 2010 | 21082325 |
| rice sodium-insensitive potassium transporter, oshak5, confers increased salt tolerance in tobacco by2 cells. | potassium ion (k(+)) plays vital roles in many aspects of cellular homeostasis including competing with sodium ion (na(+)) during potassium starvation and salt stress. therefore, one way to engineer plant cells with improved salt tolerance is to enhance k(+) uptake activity of the cells, while keeping na(+) out during salt stress. here, in search for na(+)-insensitive k(+) transporter for this purpose, bacterial expression system was used to characterize two k(+) transporters, oshak2 and oshak5, ... | 2010 | 21084222 |
| bioethanol production from dedicated energy crops and residues in arkansas, usa. | globally, one of the major technologic goals is to achieve cost-effective lignocellulosic ethanol production from biomass feedstocks. lignocellulosic biomass of four dedicated energy crops [giant reed (arundo donax l.), elephantgrass (pennisetum purpureum (schumach), miscanthus × giganteus (illinois clone), and (clone q42641) {hybrid of miscanthus sinensis anderss. and miscanthus sacchariflorus (maxim)}, hack. called giant miscanthus, and sugarcane clone us 84-1028 (saccharum l. spp. hybrid)] an ... | 2011 | 21086455 |
| the role of black rice (oryza sativa l.) in the control of hypercholesterolemia in rats. | cardiovascular disease is a serious public health problem; it is the first "cause of death" in brazil and in developed countries. thus, it is essential to search for alternative sources such as some functional foods to prevent and control the risks of this disease. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipidemic parameters in hypercholesterolemic rats fed diets containing black rice variety iac 600 or unrefined rice. adult male wistar rats (rattus norvegicus var. albinos) were used, weig ... | 2010 | 21091249 |
| rice xa13 recessive resistance to bacterial blight is defeated by induction of the disease susceptibility gene os-11n3. | the rice (oryza sativa) gene xa13 is a recessive resistance allele of os-8n3, a member of the nodulin3 (n3) gene family, located on rice chromosome 8. os-8n3 is a susceptibility (s) gene for xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight, and the recessive allele is defeated by strains of the pathogen producing any one of the type iii effectors avrxa7, pthxo2, or pthxo3, which are all members of the transcription activator-like (tal) effector family. both avrxa7 and pthxo3 in ... | 2010 | 21098734 |
| functional markers developed from multiple loci in gs3 for fine marker-assisted selection of grain length in rice. | the gene gs3 has major effect on grain size and plays an important role in rice breeding. the c to a mutation in the second exon of gs3 was reported to be functionally associated with enhanced grain length in rice. in the present study, besides the c-a mutation at locus sf28, three novel polymorphic loci, sr17, rgs1, and rgs2, were discovered in the second intron, the last intron and the final exon of gs3, respectively. a number of alleles at these four polymorphic loci were observed in a total ... | 2010 | 21107518 |
| dynamics, diversity and function of endophytic siderophore-producing bacteria in rice. | siderophore production confers to bacteria competitive advantages to colonize plant tissues and to exclude other microorganisms from the same ecological niche. this work shows that the community of endophytic siderophore-producing bacteria (spb) associated to oryza sativa cultivated in uruguayan soils is dynamic and diverse. these bacteria were present in grains, roots, and leaves, and their density fluctuated between log(10) 3.44 and log(10) 5.52 cfu g(-1) fresh weight (fw) during the plant gro ... | 2010 | 21128071 |
| al toxicity leads to enhanced cell division and changed photosynthesis in oryza rufipogon l. | oryza rufipogon l. (o. rufipogon) or a common wild rice, showed considerable aluminum (al) tolerance. in this study, we examined the physiologic and genetic response of wild rice short term and long term to al toxicity, respectively. in the short term study, morin staining, dapi staining and aniline blue staining were used to detect al distribution, cell division and callose production in the roots of o. rufipogon. the results indicated cell division could be enhanced by al within low concentrat ... | 2010 | 21132530 |
| overexpression of ethylene response factor terf2 confers cold tolerance in rice seedlings. | rice (oryza sativa l.) is a warm-season plant exposed to various stresses. low temperature is an important factor limiting extension of rice cultivation areas and productivity. previously, we have demonstrated that tomato erf protein terf2 enhances freezing tolerance of transgenic tobacco and tomato plants. herein, we report that overexpression of terf2 enhances transgenic rice tolerance to cold without affecting growth or agronomic traits. physiological assays revealed that terf2 could not only ... | 2010 | 21136294 |
| contrasting genetic structure between magnaporthe grisea populations associated with the golf course turfgrasses lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) and pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyugrass). | gray leaf spot (gls) disease of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and kikuyugrass (pennisetum clandestinum) in golf courses in california was first noted in 2001 and 2003, respectively, and within 5 years had become well established. the causal agent of the disease is the fungus magnaporthe grisea, which is known to consist primarily of clonal lineages that are highly host specific. therefore, our objective was to investigate host specificity and population dynamics among isolates associated p ... | 2011 | 21142782 |
| isolation and characterization of a rice glutathione s-transferase gene promoter regulated by herbicides and hormones. | osgstl2, encoding glutathione s-transferase, is a lambda class gene on chromosome 3 of rice (oryza sativa l.). rna blot analysis and semi-quantitative rt-pcr assays demonstrated that the transcription of osgstl2 in rice roots treated with chlorsulfuron increased significantly. to further understand osgstl2 promoter activity, a dna fragment (gst2171) of 2,171 bp upstream of the osgstl2 coding region was isolated. in silico sequence analysis revealed that this fragment contains stress-regulated re ... | 2010 | 21153026 |
| a multilocus gene genealogy concordant with host preference indicates segregation of a new species, magnaporthe oryzae, from m. grisea. | magnaporthe oryzae is described as a new species distinct from m. grisea. gene trees were inferred for magnaporthe species using portions of three genes: actin, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin. these gene trees were found to be concordant and distinguished two distinct clades within m. grisea. one clade is associated with the grass genus digitaria and is therefore nomenclaturally tied to m. grisea. the other clade is associated with oryza sativa and other cultivated grasses and is described as a ne ... | 2002 | 21156541 |
| transpositional reactivation of two ltr retrotransposons in rice-zizania recombinant inbred lines (rils). | hybridization is prevalent in plants, which plays important roles in genome evolution. apart from direct transfer and recombinatory generation of genetic variations by hybridization, de novo genetic instabilities can be induced by the process per se. one mechanism by which such de novo genetic variability can be generated by interspecific hybridization is transpositional reactivation of quiescent parental transposable elements (tes) in the nascent hybrids. we have reported previously that introg ... | 2010 | 21166796 |
| crystal structure of stable protein cuta1 from psychrotrophic bacterium shewanella sp. sib1. | cuta1 is widely found in bacteria, plants and animals, including humans. the functions of cuta1, however, have not been well clarified. it is known that cuta1s from pyrococcus horikoshii, thermus thermophilus and oryza sativa unfold at temperatures remarkably higher than the growth temperatures of the host organisms. in this work the crystal structure of cuta1 from the psychrotrophic bacterium shewanella sp. sib1 (sib1-cuta1) in a trimeric form was determined at 2.7 å resolution. this is the fir ... | 2010 | 21169681 |
| purple rice extract and anthocyanidins of the constituents protect against light-induced retinal damage in vitro and in vivo. | this study evaluated the protective effects of purple rice ( oryza sativa l.) bran extract (pre) and its major anthocyanidins (cyanidin and peonidin) against light-induced retinal damage. in an in vitro experiment, cultured murine photoreceptor cells (661w) were damaged by a 24 h exposure to light. viability of 661w after light treatment, assessed by the tetrazolium salt (wst-8) assay and hoechst 33342 nuclear staining, was improved by the addition of pre, cyanidin, and peonidin. intracellular r ... | 2010 | 21175193 |
| two putatively homoeologous wheat genes mediate recognition of sntox3 to confer effector-triggered susceptibility to stagonospora nodorum. | the pathogen stagonospora nodorum produces multiple effectors, also known as host-selective toxins (hsts), that interact with corresponding host sensitivity genes in an inverse gene-for-gene manner to cause the disease stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) in wheat. in this study, a sensitivity gene was identified in aegilops tauschii, the diploid d-genome donor of common wheat. the gene was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 5d and mediated recognition of the effector sntox3, which was previousl ... | 2010 | 21175887 |
| allelic interaction at seed-shattering loci in the genetic backgrounds of wild and cultivated rice species. | it is known that the common cultivated rice (oryza sativa) was domesticated from asian wild rice, o. rufipogon. among the morphological differences between them, loss of seed shattering is one of the striking characters specific for the cultivated forms. in order to understand the genetic control on shattering habit, qtl analysis was carried out using bc(2)f(1) backcross population between o. sativa cv. nipponbare (a recurrent parent) and o. rufipogon acc. w630 (a donor parent). as a result, two ... | 2010 | 21178306 |
| qtl analysis for flowering time using backcross population between oryza sativa nipponbare and o. rufipogon. | in the near future, global average temperature is expected to increase due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases, and increased temperatures will cause severe sterility in many crop species. in rice, since wild species show high genetic variation, they may have the potential to improve the flowering characters of cultivars. in this study, we investigated flowering characters under natural conditions by comparing an asian wild rice accession of oryza rufipogon w630 (originated from myanmar) wit ... | 2010 | 21178307 |
| ectopic expression of foxtail millet zip-like gene, sipf40, in transgenic rice plants causes a pleiotropic phenotype affecting tillering, vascular distribution and root development. | plant architecture determines grain production in rice (oryza sativa) and is affected by important agronomic traits such as tillering, plant height, and panicle morphology. many key genes involved in controlling the initiation and outgrowth of axillary buds, the elongation of stems, and the architecture of inflorescences have been isolated and analyzed. previous studies have shown that sipf40, which was identified from a foxtail millet (setaria italica) immature seed cdna library, causes extra b ... | 2010 | 21181347 |
| rice osrad21-2 is expressed in actively dividing tissues and its ectopic expression in yeast results in aberrant cell division and growth. | rad21 and its meiotic counterpart rec8, the key components of the cohesin complex, are essential for sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis, respectively. in contrast to yeast and vertebrates, which have only two rad21/rec8 genes, the rice genome encodes four rad21/rec8 proteins. here, we report on the cloning and characterization of osrad21-2 from rice (oryza sativa l.). phylogenetic analysis of the full-length amino acids showed that osrad21-2 was grouped i ... | 2011 | 21205177 |
| nuclear/nucleolar gtpase 2 proteins as a subfamily of ylqf/yawg gtpases function in pre-60s ribosomal subunit maturation of mono- and dicotyledonous plants. | the ylqf/yawg families are important gtpases involved in ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation, or cell growth, however, no plant homologs have yet to be characterized. here we isolated rice (oryza sativa) and arabidopsis nuclear/nucleolar gtpase 2 (osnug2 and atnug2, respectively) that belong to the yawg subfamily and characterized them for pre-60s ribosomal subunit maturation. they showed typical intrinsic ylqf/yawg family gtpase activities in bacteria and yeasts with k(cat) values 0.12 ± 0. ... | 2011 | 21205822 |
| examination of two lowland rice cultivars reveals that gibberellin-dependent early response to submergence is not necessarily mediated by ethylene. | using two lowland rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars we found that in both cases submerged-induced elongation early after germination depends on gibberellins (gas). submergence increases the content of the active ga 1 by enhancing the expression of ga biosynthesis genes, thus facilitating the seedlings to escape from the water and preventing asphyxiation. however, the two cultivars differ in their response to ethylene. the cultivar senia (short), by contrast to cultivar bomba (tall), does not elon ... | 2011 | 21224726 |
| timing is everything: early degradation of abscission layer is associated with increased seed shattering in u.s. weedy rice. | seed shattering, or shedding, is an important fitness trait for wild and weedy grasses. u.s. weedy rice (oryza sativa) is a highly shattering weed, thought to have evolved from non-shattering cultivated ancestors. all u.s. weedy rice individuals examined to date contain a mutation in the sh4 locus associated with loss of shattering during rice domestication. weedy individuals also share the shattering trait with wild rice, but not the ancestral shattering mutation at sh4; thus, how weedy rice re ... | 2011 | 21235796 |
| conspecific crop-weed introgression influences evolution of weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) across a geographical range. | introgression plays an important role in evolution of plant species via its influences on genetic diversity and differentiation. outcrossing determines the level of introgression but little is known about the relationships of outcrossing rates, genetic diversity, and differentiation particularly in a weedy taxon that coexists with its conspecific crop. | 2011 | 21249201 |
| a novel rna-recognition-motif protein is required for premeiotic g1/s-phase transition in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the molecular mechanism for meiotic entry remains largely elusive in flowering plants. only arabidopsis swi1/dyad and maize am1, both of which are the coiled-coil protein, are known to be required for the initiation of plant meiosis. the mechanism underlying the synchrony of male meiosis, characteristic to flowering plants, has also been unclear in the plant kingdom. in other eukaryotes, rna-recognition-motif (rrm) proteins are known to play essential roles in germ-cell development and meiosis p ... | 2011 | 21253568 |
| [bioinformatic search for plant homologs of protein kinase bub1--the keypoint of mitotic spindle assembly]. | fourteen plant homologs of animal, yeast and myxomycetes spindle assembly checkpoint protein kinases were identified bioinformatically. it was shown that the closest plant homologues of the bub1 protein kinases are unknown proteins xp_002274770.1 (cbi21878.1) from vitis vinifera, eec82122.1 from oryza sativa indica, eee67244.1 from o. sativa japonica, eef44403.1 from ricinus communis and cal57156.1 from ostreococcus tauri. the reconstruction and analysis of spatial structures of the eec82122.1, ... | 2010 | 21254620 |
| genetic control of a transition from black to straw-white seed hull in rice domestication. | the genetic mechanism involved in a transition from the black-colored seed hull of the ancestral wild rice (oryza rufipogon and oryza nivara) to the straw-white seed hull of cultivated rice (oryza sativa) during grain ripening remains unknown. we report that the black hull of o. rufipogon was controlled by the black hull4 (bh4) gene, which was fine-mapped to an 8.8-kb region on rice chromosome 4 using a cross between o. rufipogon w1943 (black hull) and o. sativa indica cv guangluai 4 (straw-whit ... | 2011 | 21263038 |
| zinc-induced facilitator-like family in plants: lineage-specific expansion in monocotyledons and conserved genomic and expression features among rice (oryza sativa) paralogs. | duplications are very common in the evolution of plant genomes, explaining the high number of members in plant gene families. new genes born after duplication can undergo pseudogenization, neofunctionalization or subfunctionalization. rice is a model for functional genomics research, an important crop for human nutrition and a target for biofortification. increased zinc and iron content in the rice grain could be achieved by manipulation of metal transporters. here, we describe the zinc-induced ... | 2011 | 21266036 |
| distinct roles of protein disulfide isomerase and p5 sulfhydryl oxidoreductases in multiple pathways for oxidation of structurally diverse storage proteins in rice. | in the rice (oryza sativa) endosperm, storage proteins are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er), in which prolamins are sorted to protein bodies (pbs) called type-i pb (pb-i). protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) family oxidoreductase pdil2;3, an ortholog of human p5, contains a conserved structural disulfide in the redox-inactive thioredoxin-like (trx) domain and was efficiently targeted to the surface of pb-i in a redox active site-dependent manner, whereas pdil1;1, an ortholog of ... | 2011 | 21278127 |
| natural populations of lactic acid bacteria associated with silage fermentation as determined by phenotype, 16s ribosomal rna and reca gene analysis. | one hundred and fifty-six strains isolated from corn (zea mays l.), forage paddy rice (oryza sativa l.), sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) and alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silages prepared on dairy farms were screened, of which 110 isolates were considered to be lactic acid bacteria (lab) according to their gram-positive and catalase-negative characteristics and, mainly, the lactic acid metabolic products. these isolates were divided into eight groups (a-h) based on the following properties: morpholo ... | 2011 | 21282025 |
| osdog, a gibberellin-induced a20/an1 zinc-finger protein, negatively regulates gibberellin-mediated cell elongation in rice. | the a20/an1 zinc-finger proteins (zfps) play pivotal roles in animal immune responses and plant stress responses. from previous gibberellin (ga) microarray data and a20/an1 zfp family member association, we chose oryza sativa dwarf rice with overexpression of gibberellin-induced gene (osdog) to examine its function in the ga pathway. osdog was induced by gibberellic acid (ga(3)) and repressed by the ga-synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol. different transgenic lines with constitutive expression of ... | 2011 | 21316795 |
| functional proteomic analysis of rice bran esterases/lipases and characterization of a novel recombinant esterase. | an esterase from rice ( oryza sativa ) bran was identified on two-dimensional gel using 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate as a substrate. the esterase cdna (870 bp) encoded a 289 amino acid protein (designated osest-b) and was expressed in escherichia coli . the molecular weight of recombinant osest-b (rosest-b) was 27 kda, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. biochemical characterization demonstrated that rosest-b was active over a broad temperature range (optim ... | 2011 | 21322560 |
| an extract from brown rice inhibits signal transduction of angiotensin ii in vascular smooth muscle cells. | health benefits of brown rice over white rice have been described previously. however, whether the outer bran of rice contains an ingredient useful to prevent cardiovascular diseases remains unknown. the subaleurone layer of rice, which is usually lost by milling brown rice for whitening, is rich in varied nutrients, suggesting that some ingredient contained within this layer may be beneficial for the cardiovascular system. | 2011 | 21331052 |
| rice plants expressing the moss sodium pumping atpase ppena1 maintain greater biomass production under salt stress. | high cytosolic concentrations of na(+) inhibit plant growth and development. to maintain low cytosolic concentrations of na(+) , higher plants use membrane-bound transporters that drive the efflux of na(+) or partition na(+) ions from the cytosol, either to the extracellular compartment or into the vacuole. bryophytes also use an energy-dependent na(+) pumping atpase, not found in higher plants, to efflux na(+) . to investigate whether this transporter can increase the salt tolerance of crop pla ... | 2011 | 21338466 |
| a recombinant a-dioxygenase from rice to produce fatty aldehydes using e. coli. | fatty aldehydes are an important group of fragrance and flavor compounds that are found in different fruits and flowers. a biotechnological synthesis of fatty aldehydes based on escherichia coli cells expressing an a-dioxygenase (adox) from oryza sativa (rice) is presented. a-dioxygenases are the initial enzymes of a-oxidation in plants and oxidize long and medium-chain c(n) fatty acids to 2-hydroperoxy fatty acids. the latter are converted to c(n-1) fatty aldehydes by spontaneous decarboxylatio ... | 2011 | 21347727 |
| phytochromes regulate sa and ja signaling pathways in rice and are required for developmentally controlled resistance to magnaporthe grisea. | old leaves of wild-type rice plants (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) are more resistant to blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea) than new leaves. in contrast, both old and new leaves of the rice phytochrome triple mutant (phyaphybphyc) are susceptible to blast fungus. we demonstrate that pathogenesis-related class 1 (pr1) proteins are rapidly and strongly induced during m. grisea infection and following exogenous jasmonate (ja) or salicylic acid (sa) exposure in the old leaves, but not in the new le ... | 2011 | 21357645 |
| isolation, characterization and quantification of tricin and flavonolignans in the medicinal rice njavara (oryza sativa l.), as compared to staple varieties. | njavara is an important medicinal rice variety of kerala, india, widely used in ayurveda as a 'health food' and in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, paralysis, neurodegenerative diseases and in rejuvenation therapy. phytochemical investigations and spectroscopic studies of the diethyl ether fraction of methanolic extract of njavara black (nb) rice bran gave three important compounds namely, tricin and two rare flavonolignans- tricin 4'-o-(erythro-ß-guaiacylglyceryl) ether and tricin 4'-o-(t ... | 2011 | 21373805 |
| golgi nucleotide sugar transporter modulates cell wall biosynthesis and plant growth in rice. | golgi-localized nucleotide sugar transporters (nsts) are considered essential for the biosynthesis of wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins based on their characteristic transport of a large number of nucleotide sugars to the golgi lumen. the lack of nst mutants in plants has prevented evaluation of this hypothesis in plants. a previously undescribed golgi nst mutant, brittle culm14 (bc14), displays reduced mechanical strength caused by decreased cellulose content and altered wall structure, an ... | 2011 | 21383162 |