| protection from group b streptococcal infection in neonatal mice by maternal immunization with recombinant sip protein. | the protective potential of antibodies directed against group b streptococcus (gbs) sip surface protein was determined by using the mouse neonatal infection model. rabbit sip-specific antibodies administered passively to pregnant mice protected their pups against a gbs lethal challenge. in addition, active immunization with purified recombinant sip protein of female cd-1 mice induced the production of specific antibodies that also confer protection to the newborn pups against gbs strains of sero ... | 2002 | 12183534 |
| determinants of co-colonization with group b streptococcus among heterosexual college couples. | group b causes morbidity and mortality among newborns, pregnant women, and nonpregnant adults. among adults, sexual and fecal-oral routes of transmission are hypothesized; this study addresses whether sexual transmission occurs. | 2002 | 12192222 |
| antepartum use of antibiotics and early-onset neonatal sepsis: the next 4 years. | the purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of early-onset neonatal sepsis and the presence of antibiotic resistance of the isolated bacteria and its relationship to antibiotic chemoprophylaxis that occurred during the 4 years that followed the publication of the most recent group b streptococcal guidelines. | 2002 | 12193949 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of serotype viii group b streptococcus in japan. | levels of antibody to serotype viii group b streptococcus (gbs) were surveyed in serum samples from 583 pregnant women, from 461 neonates born to these women, and from 4 mother-and-neonate pairs with early-onset serotype viii sepsis. colonization by serotype viii gbs was associated with significantly higher serum concentrations of serotype-specific antibodies (geometric mean [gm], 5.53 micro g/ml), compared with both noncolonization (1.53 micro g/ml) and colonization with other serotypes (2.19 m ... | 2002 | 12198624 |
| prevention of perinatal group b streptococcal disease. revised guidelines from cdc. | group b streptococcus (gbs) remains a leading cause of serious neonatal infection despite great progress in perinatal gbs disease prevention in the 1990s. in 1996, cdc, in collaboration with other agencies, published guidelines for the prevention of perinatal group b streptococcal disease (cdc. prevention of perinatal group b streptococcal disease: a public health perspective. mmwr 1996;45[rr-7]:1-24). data collected after the issuance of the 1996 guidelines prompted reevaluation of prevention s ... | 2002 | 12211284 |
| group b streptococcal serotype distribution of isolates from colonized pregnant women at the time of delivery in united arab emirates. | to determine the maternal colonization rate with group b streptococcus (gbs) and to identify the most frequent gbs serotypes occurring in uae women during labour. | 2002 | 12217731 |
| lower genital tract infections among pregnant women: a review. | to determine the prevalence of lower genital tract infections, discuss briefly common maternal foetal complications associated with them and assess the usefulness of diagnostic algorithms in their management among pregnant women in the developing countries. | 2001 | 12219963 |
| perinatal antibiotic usage and changes in colonization and resistance rates of group b streptococcus and other pathogens. | to quantify current antibiotic usage during the perinatal period and impact on vaginal-rectal colonizing organism resistance rates. | 2002 | 12220773 |
| intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis 2: positive predictive value of antenatal group b streptococci cultures and antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates. | to estimate the probability of positive intrapartum group b streptococcus cultures among women previously identified as carriers of this organism, and to estimate the susceptibility of group b streptococci to six commonly used antibiotics. | 2002 | 12220775 |
| pulsed-field fingerprinting of vaginal group b streptococcus in pregnancy. | there is more to be learned about the epidemiology of group b beta-hemolytic streptococci infections in pregnancy. in this study, we investigated the discriminating capabilities of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of group b streptococci strains from pregnant patients and mother/infant pairs of patients compared with serotyping. | 2002 | 12220776 |
| cellular activation, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity against group b streptococcus involve parallel myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and independent signaling pathways. | group b streptococci (gbs) vigorously activate inflammatory responses. we reported previously that a secreted gbs "factor" activates phagocytes via toll-like receptor (tlr)2 and tlr6, but that gbs cell walls activate cells independently of these receptors. we hypothesized that the phagocytic immune functions in response to gbs, such as inflammation, uptake, and elimination of bacteria, occur through a coordinated engagement of tlrs, along with the coreceptors cd14 and cd11b/cd18. using various k ... | 2002 | 12244198 |
| impact of different prevention strategies on neonatal group b streptococcal disease. | the objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of different prevention strategies on the rate of early-onset neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) disease and mortality. we compared the neonatal mortality and morbidity rates associated with early-onset gbs disease in three periods characterized by different prevention strategies, including no screening for gbs during pregnancy and no standardized chemoprophylaxis (1/1987 to 12/1990), antibiotic prophylaxis only with risk factors for gbs (1 ... | 2002 | 12357426 |
| group b streptococcus endogenous endophthalmitis : case reports and review of the literature. | to report five cases of group b streptococcus endogenous endophthalmitis (gbsee) and to review the literature. | 2002 | 12359609 |
| trends in incidence and antimicrobial resistance of early-onset sepsis: population-based surveillance in san francisco and atlanta. | although increased use of intrapartum antibiotics caused significant declines in early-onset group b streptococcus (gbs) infection, the effect on infections caused by other pathogens is not clear. the objective of this study was to determine trends in the incidence of early-onset sepsis caused by organisms other than group b streptococcus in the era of antimicrobial prophylaxis. | 2002 | 12359781 |
| role of macrophages in experimental group b streptococcal arthritis. | septic arthritis is a clinical manifestation of group b streptococcus (gbs) infection in both neonates and adults. because macrophages are known to participate in tissue injury, the role of this cell population in gbs-induced arthritis was investigated. mice were rendered monocytopenic by administration of etoposide, a drug that selectively depletes the monocyte/macrophage population and then injected with gbs (1 x 10(7) colony-forming units per mouse). appearance of arthritis, mortality, gbs gr ... | 2002 | 12366405 |
| influence of proteins bsp and femh on cell shape and peptidoglycan composition in group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is surrounded by a capsule. however, little is known about peptidoglycan metabolism in these bacteria. in the present study, a 65 kda protein was isolated from the culture supernatant of gbs and n-terminally sequenced, permitting isolation of the corresponding gene, termed bsp. the bsp gene was located close to another gene, designated femh, and reverse transcription-pcr revealed a bicistronic transcriptional organization for both genes. the bsp protein was detected i ... | 2002 | 12368458 |
| the development of a group b streptococcus prevention policy at a community hospital. | in 1996, the centers for disease control (cdc) issued guidelines for antepartum antibiotic prophylaxis of group b streptococcal (gbs)-positive women. the objective of this study is to document results of a gbs prophylaxis policy at one nonacademically affiliated, community hospital and discern its effectiveness with regard to compliance as well as in decreasing the incidence of early onset gbs (eogbs) disease. | 2002 | 12368966 |
| transverse myelitis: unusual sequelae of neonatal group b streptococcus disease. | group b streptococcus (gbs) meningitis is one of the most serious infections in the neonatal period. we wish to report a case of transverse myelitis following early onset form of gbs meningitis. the diagnosis and the clinical approach will be discussed. | 2002 | 12368977 |
| group b streptococcal endocarditis. | group b streptococcus can cause early onset neonatal disease. beyond neonatal life, group b streptococci are unusual pathogens. it can cause septicemia, epiglottis, fascitis, and endocarditis. a male saudi child with group b endocarditis who has congenital heart disease is discussed. | 2002 | 12370728 |
| chlorhexidine vaginal flushings versus systemic ampicillin in the prevention of vertical transmission of neonatal group b streptococcus, at term. | to investigate the efficacy of intrapartum vaginal flushings with chlorhexidine compared with ampicillin in preventing group b streptococcus transmission to neonates. | 2002 | 12375548 |
| the epidemiology of vaginal colonisation with group b streptococci in a sexually transmitted disease clinic. | to determine whether group b streptococcus (gbs) infection is sexually transmitted and whether colonisation with gbs could be related to vaginal symptoms or signs. | 2002 | 12381483 |
| a case of neonatal stridor. | a case is reported of a retropharyngeal abscess in a neonate who presented with increasing stridor since birth. group b streptococcus was cultured from the abscess contents and the maternal birth tract. | 2002 | 12390999 |
| infection and prematurity and the role of preventive strategies. | this article reviews the role of infection in spontaneous premature parturition, the pathways of ascending intrauterine infection, microbiology, and the frequency of intra-amniotic infection in obstetrical complications leading to premature delivery. the evidence that infection is causally linked to premature birth is critically examined, as is the relationship between urogenital tract infection/colonization with microorganisms and the risk of preterm birth. the effect of antibiotic administrati ... | 2002 | 12401296 |
| vaccines to prevent neonatal gbs infection. | group b streptococcus (gbs) remains the leading bacterial cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the united states. although antibiotic prophylaxis has decreased the infection rate, the best long-term solution lies in the development of effective vaccines. the gbs capsular polysaccharide (cps) is a major target of antibody-mediated immunity. while antibody to cps is protective, uncoupled cps is variably immunogenic in humans, a finding that led to the development of gbs cps-protein conjugate ... | 2002 | 12401301 |
| early-onset group b streptococcus prevention protocols in new zealand public hospitals. | determine group b streptococcus (gbs) prevention protocols. | 2002 | 12403281 |
| synergistic action of nitric oxide release from murine macrophages caused by group b streptococcal cell wall and beta-hemolysin/cytolysin. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of sepsis in neonates. nitric oxide (no) release plays a role in the hypotension that characterizes septic shock. it has been shown that gbs beta-hemolysin/cytolysin (beta-h/c) stimulates the transcription of inducible no synthase (inos) in murine macrophages via intracellular pathways similar to those that mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced inos activation. here, it is demonstrated that the gbs cell wall and beta-h/c act synergistically to induce ... | 2002 | 12404173 |
| a fibrinogen receptor from group b streptococcus interacts with fibrinogen by repetitive units with novel ligand binding sites. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a frequent cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates. during the course of infection, gbs colonizes and invades a number of host compartments, thereby interacting with different host proteins. in the present report, we describe the isolation of the fbsa gene, which encodes a fibrinogen receptor from gbs. the deduced fbsa protein is characterized by repetitive units, each 16 amino acids in length. sequencing of the fbsa gene from five different gbs strain ... | 2002 | 12406229 |
| evaluation of methods to increase the sensitivity and timeliness of detection of streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women. | direct culture of rectovaginal specimens on granada agar was compared to culture on sheep blood agar plate (sbap) and accuprobe detection of group b streptococcus from overnight lim broth enhancement cultures (lim-sbap). both broth-enhanced methods demonstrated excellent sensitivity (97.5% for lim-sbap and 93.5% for accuprobe), while granada agar demonstrated a sensitivity of only 40.3%. | 2002 | 12409422 |
| group b streptococcus and the newborn: prevention needs a boost. | | 2002 | 12415762 |
| strategy of escherichia coli for crossing the blood-brain barrier. | a major contributing factor to high mortality and morbidity associated with bacterial meningitis is the incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease: it is unclear how circulating bacteria cross the blood-brain barrier (bbb). recent studies with escherichia coli k1 show that successful traversal of the bbb requires a high degree of bacteremia, invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec), host cell actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and related signaling pathways, and ... | 2002 | 12424701 |
| the alpha c protein mediates internalization of group b streptococcus within human cervical epithelial cells. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of bacterial chorioamnionitis and neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. deletion of the alpha c protein gene (bca) attenuates the virulence of gbs in an animal model; significant survival differences in the first 24 h of infection suggest a pathogenic role for the alpha c protein early in the infection process. we examined the role of alpha c protein in the association between gbs and mucosal surfaces using a human cervical epithelial cell l ... | 2002 | 12427097 |
| barriers to implementing the group b streptococcal prevention guidelines. | group b streptococcal disease is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the united states. we assessed predictors of compliance with the consensus guidelines for perinatal group b streptococcus disease prevention at two group health cooperative hospitals. | 2002 | 12431267 |
| [three case reports of breast abscess after nipple piercing: underestimated health problems of a fashion phenomenon]. | piercing is a growing fashion trend among young people. nipple piercing has shown an increase over the last years. we report about three coincidental cases of breast abscess after nipple piercing within the last months in our clinics and discuss the related problems for health and society. | 2002 | 12439766 |
| delivery room risk factors for meconium aspiration syndrome. | the objective of this study is to identify risk factors for meconium aspiration syndrome (mas) in newborns born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (msaf). from may 27, 1994 to june 9, 1997 maternal and neonatal data were prospectively collected on all infants born through msaf. development of mas was the primary outcome. using bivariate and logistic regression analysis we identified risk factors for mas. there were 8,967 births during this period: 7.9% (708 of 8,967) were delivered through ... | 2002 | 12442226 |
| susceptibility of strains of streptococcus agalactiae to macrolides and lincosamides, phenotype patterns and resistance genes. | the group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) is a pathogen of increasing importance in human disease. we therefore studied the susceptibility of clinical isolates of s. agalactiae to penicillin g, erythromycin, azithromycin and clindamycin using national committee for clinical laboratory standards methodology, and we also determined the phenotypes of macrolide-lincosamide susceptibility and the resistance genes implicated in a group of selected isolates of the different phenotypes. we us ... | 2002 | 12445014 |
| common issues in the care of sick neonates. | newborn infants may be transferred to a special care nursery because of conditions such as prematurity (gestation less than 37 weeks), prolonged resuscitation, respiratory distress, cyanosis, and jaundice, and for evaluation of neonatal sepsis. newborn infants' core temperature should be kept above 36.4 degrees c (97.5 degrees f). nutritional requirements are usually 100 to 120 kcal per kg per day to achieve an average weight gain of 150 to 200 g (5 to 7 oz) per week. standard infant formulas co ... | 2002 | 12449267 |
| [prognostic and therapeutic value of biologic signs of infection in the management of preterm labor (amniocentesis excepted)]. | during threatened preterm delivery, both general and local signs of infection increase the risks of amniotic infection, premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and neonatal and/or maternal morbidity of infectious origin. nonetheless, as antibiotics have not been sufficiently studied to be proved of benefit in chorioamnionitis with intact membranes, search for these general (c reactive protein, hyperleucocytosis) or cervical/vaginal (group b streptococcus, escherichia coli, bacterial va ... | 2002 | 12454625 |
| molecular epidemiology of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus). | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a common cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborns, and causes disease in pregnant women and non-pregnant adults. the incidence of disease among non-pregnant adults, particularly those with underlying conditions, is increasing. in addition, many individuals are asymptomatically colonized with gbs. when compared to group a streptococcus and streptococcus pneumoniae, however, little is known about the pathogenesis, natural history and transmission dynamics of gbs. v ... | 2003 | 12456367 |
| [retrospective microbiologic evaluation of vaginal cultures]. | vaginal culture is one of the most difficult cultures to be evaluated in clinical microbiology practice. the necessity of some expensive and complicated processes for diagnosis of some specific agents, age related variability of normal vaginal flora and failure caused by temporary presence of some pathogens in normal flora can be listed among the probable causes of that problem. in this study 8050 vaginal cultures performed in our hospital laboratories between 1 march 1999-15 september 2001 were ... | 2002 | 12476763 |
| neonatal sepsis: high antibiotic resistance of the bacterial pathogens in a neonatal intensive care unit in karachi. | to study the bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and their sensitivity pattern so that guidelines can be prepared for empirical antibiotic therapy. | 2002 | 12481673 |
| is penicillin and/or erythromycin resistance present in clinical isolates of group b streptococcus in our community? | traditionally group b streptococcus (gbs) has not exhibited resistance to the antibiotics penicillin and erythromycin. recently there are reports from north america whereby some gbs isolates have exhibited resistance to erythromycin. there have been no studies reported to date to determine whether this resistance trend is also occurring in the australian population. over a period of six months from january to june 1999, 250 gbs isolates were collected at the royal women's hospital, melbourne. se ... | 2002 | 12495105 |
| impaired antibody response to group b streptococcal type iii capsular polysaccharide in c3- and complement receptor 2-deficient mice. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the foremost bacterial cause of serious neonatal infections. protective immunity to gbs is mediated by specific abs to the organism's capsular polysaccharide ags. to examine the role of complement in the humoral immune response to type iii gbs capsular polysaccharide (iii-ps), mice deficient in c3 or in cd21/cd35 (i.e., complement receptors 1 and 2; cr1/cr2) were immunized with iii-ps. mice deficient in c3 or cr2 had an impaired primary immune response to iii-ps. t ... | 2003 | 12496386 |
| a novel streptococcal surface protease promotes virulence, resistance to opsonophagocytosis, and cleavage of human fibrinogen. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important human pathogen. in this study, we sought to identify mechanisms that may protect gbs from host defenses in addition to its capsular polysaccharide. a gene encoding a cell-surface-associated protein (cspa) was characterized from a highly virulent type iii gbs isolate, coh1. its sequence indicated that it is a subtilisin-like extracellular serine protease homologous to streptococcal c5a peptidases and caseinases of lactic acid bacteria. the wild-type str ... | 2003 | 12511589 |
| correlates of antibiotic-resistant group b streptococcus isolated from pregnant women. | despite antibiotic prophylaxis for at-risk mothers during labor and delivery, group b streptococcus still causes substantial morbidity and mortality among newborns. resistance to antibiotics recommended for penicillin-allergic pregnant women, such as erythromycin and clindamycin, has increased. a better understanding of factors associated with group b streptococcus resistance is essential to effectively prevent group b streptococcus disease.a total of 117 sequential group b streptococcus isolate ... | 2003 | 12517649 |
| variations in the investigation and management of group b streptococcus in scotland. | this article describes the practice of scottish obstetricians in terms of their investigation and treatment of group b streptococcus (gbs). this was a postal questionnaire survey of all 125 consultant obstetricians in scotland. we recorded indications for testing for gbs, categories of women to whom treatment is given empirically and following confirmed infection, type of antibiotic used, and timing and route of administration. no respondents screened all pregnant women but 97% screened some or ... | 2001 | 12521905 |
| vaginal bacterial flora of pregnant women colonized with group b streptococcus. | to elucidate the characteristics of group b streptococcus (gbs)-positive vaginal flora in pregnant women, vaginal cultures were conducted in 4025 women at 22 to 36 weeks of gestation. the results were analyzed by fisher's exact test. among 4025 women, 408 were found to be gbs positive and 3617 were gbs negative (gbs-negative group). a total of 1151 bacterial strains were recovered in the gbs-positive group and 6746 strains in the gbs-negative group. the percentages of gram-positive cocci other t ... | 2002 | 12525892 |
| construction of designer glycoconjugate vaccines with size-specific oligosaccharide antigens and site-controlled coupling. | coupling of carbohydrate antigens to protein carriers is a typical approach to enhancing the immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines. glycoconjugates with well-defined structures are needed for studies defining the structural variables that govern antibody responses. we report a chemical strategy for preparation of an array of glycoconjugates containing saccharides of desired molecular sizes by selective depolymerization of bacterial polysaccharides and chemically controlled site-specific ... | 2003 | 12559788 |
| vaginal carriage of group b streptococcus in infertile women. | from may, 1999 to april, 2000, 256 high vaginal swabs were culture from asymptomatic infertile women attending the out-patient department of the institute of reproductive medicine. 41 strains of streptococcus agalactiae were isolated from 33 patients (12.89%). five patients had repeated isolations even after adequate therapy. | 2001 | 12561993 |
| streptococcal beta-hemolysins: genetics and role in disease pathogenesis. | a zone of beta-hemolysis surrounding colonies on blood-agar media is a hallmark phenotypic feature of the pathogens group a streptococcus (gas) and group b streptococcus (gbs). in each case, lysis of red blood cells reflects the action of a potent protein exotoxin. although these toxins have been the subjects of numerous investigations over the years, their purification and molecular identification have proven elusive. these difficulties reflect the instability of hemolytic activity, as both tox ... | 2002 | 12564994 |
| screening strategies for group b streptococcus in the third trimester of pregnancy. | to identify the best screening protocol to prevent neonatal group b streptococcal (gbs) sepsis through literature review. | 2002 | 12567921 |
| detection of group b streptococcal bacteremia in simulated intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis. | the diagnostic value of negative blood cultures from neonates whose mothers receive intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of perinatal group b streptococcal disease is uncertain. we investigated whether blood culture medium containing resin designed to adsorb antibiotic improved group b streptococcal detection following simulated intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis. group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) was preincubated with varying antibiotic concentrations before in ... | 2003 | 12573547 |
| the effects of interferon-gamma and transforming growth factor-beta on adherence and survival of group b streptococcus type iii strains in ecv304 cells. | group b streptococci (gbs) are an important cause of neonatal sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis. in some newborns, gbs sepsis may have a severe course, including septic shock with high mortality rate, whereas other newborns are colonized with gbs on their surfaces without any clinical signs of bacterial infections. interferon (ifn)-gamma is produced in neonatal gbs sepsis, and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta is also found in the uterus. the involvement of ifn-gamma and tgf-beta in the earli ... | 2003 | 12579348 |
| ophthalmia neonatorum caused by group b streptococcus. | a full-term infant was born with a swollen left conjunctival sac. ophthalmia neonatorum developed within 5 d after birth. examination of the purulent discharge showed group b streptococcus. the crp level was found to be elevated and parenteral and topical therapy was started. ophthalmia neonatorum resolved after 7 d of treatment. | 2002 | 12587626 |
| wound erysipelas following appendectomy caused by group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae). | case description of a patient who developed erysipelas of the surgical wound following appendectomy for acute appendicitis, and literature review of invasive group b streptococcal infections. | 2001 | 12594879 |
| [group b streptococcal infections in adults, excluding genital infections]. | group b streptococcus (gbs) or streptococcus agalactiae is recognized as a mayor cause of neonatal meningitis, sepsis and infections during pregnancy. however, in recent years there have been several reports concerning gbs infections in non pregnant adult population, specially in immunocompromised hosts and in patients with severe underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cancer. we report a series of 45 cases which occurred in nonpregnant adult population during a period of two years. t ... | 2002 | 12600008 |
| neonatal skin in mice and humans expresses increased levels of antimicrobial peptides: innate immunity during development of the adaptive response. | the expression of antimicrobial peptides and proteins is an important innate immune defense mechanism that has recently been shown to be essential for cutaneous defense against invasive bacterial disease. newborns have an immature cellular immune defense system that leads to increased susceptibility to infections. here we show that skin from embryonic and newborn mice, as well as human newborn foreskin, express antimicrobial peptides of the cathelicidin and beta-defensin gene families. immunohis ... | 2003 | 12612195 |
| group b streptococcus: prevention of early-onset neonatal sepsis. | group b streptococcus (gbs) was recognized as a major pathogen of neonatal disease in the 1970s. with a case-fatality rate of 5% to 20%, prevention of gbs neonatal disease has been an ongoing concern. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), and american college of obstetricians and gynecologists (acog) published guidelines for preventive strategies in 1996. these strategies, either a risk-based or a culture-based program, have been responsible for reduced incidence of gbs-newborn d ... | 2003 | 12612459 |
| limitations of the obstetric group b streptococcus protocol. | to assess compliance with the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) screening-based protocol for obstetric group b streptococcus (gbs) and to determine an acceptable threshold for protocol failure. | 2003 | 12621794 |
| the relationship between abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, & group b streptococcus in childbearing women. | to examine the relationship between abuse, sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and group b (gbs) infection among childbearing women using selye's (1978) stress response theory. | 2003 | 12629316 |
| neonatal group b streptococcus infection in taiwan: an increasing trend. | | 2002 | 12632782 |
| group b streptococcus infection in infancy: 21-year experience. | in this hospital-based review, clinical presentations associated with group b streptococcus (gbs) infections in children occurring between january 1980 and march 2000 were analyzed. among the 25 infants with invasive group b streptococcal infections, 9 (36%) were early onset diseases (eod), 12 (48%) were late onset diseases (lod), and 4 (16%) occurred beyond the third month of life. eight of the nine (89%) eod cases manifested during the first day of life and three (33%) were premature births. c ... | 2002 | 12632785 |
| meconium enhances the growth of perinatal bacterial pathogens. | to demonstrate the effects of meconium on growth of bacterial pathogens, which are common causes of intra-amniotic infection and neonatal sepsis. | 2003 | 12634904 |
| group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) pyogenic arthritis in nonpregnant adults. | we analyzed the cases of pyogenic arthritis from group b streptococcus (gbs), or, in nonpregnant adults diagnosed in the hospital universitari de bellvitge, a 1,000-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in barcelona, spain, during a 10-year period, and we reviewed the available literature to summarize the experience with this infectious entity. from the database of our institution, which does not attend pediatric, obstetric, or burn patients, we collected all microbiologically proven cases of infe ... | 2003 | 12640188 |
| involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases in group b streptococcus-induced macrophage apoptosis. | we previously demonstrated that group b streptococcus (gbs), a pathogen that causes serious neonatal infections, induces macrophage apoptosis by beta-hemolysin to avoid the host immune response. gbs-induced macrophage apoptosis is characterized by a calcium increase and is caspase-independent. this study reports the involvement of c-jun nh(2)-terminal kinase (jnk), p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk), three members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) family, in gbs-induc ... | 2003 | 12644394 |
| serotyping group b streptococci in a small community hospital: an analysis of distribution and site of isolation. | to determine the prevalence and site of isolation of different serotypes of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization or infection at a small community hospital. | 2002 | 12648309 |
| nitric oxide-dependent regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in group b streptococcal inflammation of rat lung. | group b streptococcus (gbs) infection leading to sepsis and lung injury is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. lung injury may result from overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines), caused by nitric oxide (no). our objective was to characterize the molecular signaling events involving the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (il-6) and macrophage inflammatory protein (mip-2) in the presence of aminoguanidine (ag), an inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) specif ... | 2003 | 12661899 |
| a complete audit cycle of intrapartum group b streptococcus prophylaxis. | group b streptococcus (gbs) colonises the intestines of approximately one third of women and can result in intermittent colonisation of the vagina. the principal route of neonatal infection is from the vagina during delivery which can cause morbidity and mortality in the neonate. we recently introduced a protocol of intrapartum prophylaxis based on recognised risk factors. | 2001 | 12664737 |
| towards a genotyping system for streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus): use of mobile genetic elements in australasian invasive isolates. | this study forms part of the development of an integrated genotyping system for streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) that can be used to study the population genetics of the organism and the pathogenesis and epidemiology of gbs disease. in recent previous studies, two sets of markers, the capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) gene cluster and surface protein antigen genes, have been used to assign molecular serotypes (ms) and protein-gene profiles (pgp) to more than 200 isolat ... | 2003 | 12676873 |
| [decreasing incidence of perinatal group b streptococcal disease (barcelona 1994-2002). relation with hospital prevention policies]. | to analyze the incidence of perinatal sepsis due to group b streptococcus (gbs) as related to compliance with recommendations for its prevention issued by the catalan societies for obstetrics, for pediatrics, and for infectious diseases and clinical microbiology in 1997. | 2003 | 12681128 |
| vaccine development for capsulate bacteria causing pneumonia. | pneumonia strikes the extremes of the age spectrum, causing maximal death and disability in children and the elderly. despite its worldwide impact, there is a paucity of epidemiologic data regarding its incidence and the causative organisms. the two leading causes of bacterial pneumonia in childhood are streptococcus pneumoniae (sp) and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib). sp is the major cause of pneumonia beyond the newborn period. in neonates, group b streptococcus (gbs) remains a major cause ... | 2003 | 12682569 |
| laboratory aspects of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. | a total of 1,661 pregnant women aged between 13 and 45 years were screened for bacteriuria by urine culture. of the 1,661 culture results, 615 (37%) yielded no growth; 728 (43.8%) yielded no significant growth (presence of <10(5) organisms/ml urine of one or more types of bacteria); 286 (17.2%) yielded mixed growth (presence of >10(5) organisms/ml urine of more than one type of bacteria) and only 32 (1.9%) showed significant growth (presence of >10(5) organisms/ml urine of a single bacterium). u ... | 2002 | 12693594 |
| adult community acquired bacterial meningitis in a singaporean teaching hospital. a seven-year overview (1993-2000). | the objective of this study is to describe the bacteriological, clinical and laboratory features of community acquired bacterial meningitis in adults admitted to a singapore tertiary-care hospital. | 2002 | 12693768 |
| functional analysis of a pcsb-deficient mutant of group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the major cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates and poses a significant threat to parturient women. recently, we identified in gbs the polypeptide pcsb, which is a protein required for cell separation of gbs, and which is also involved in the antibiotic sensitivity of these bacteria. in the present study, the introduction of the pcsb-carrying plasmid patpcsb into the pcsb-deficient gbs mutant sep1 restored the phenotype and the antibiotic susceptibil ... | 2003 | 12694913 |
| nmr studies of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-mimetic peptides recognized by an anti-group b streptococcus antibody. | as part of a program to investigate the origins of peptide-carbohydrate mimicry, the conformational preferences of peptides that mimic the group b streptococcal type iii capsular polysaccharide have been investigated by nmr spectroscopy. detailed studies of a dodecapeptide, fdtgafdpdwpa, a molecular mimic of the polysaccharide antigen, and two new analogs, indicated a propensity for beta-turn formation. different beta-turn types were found to be present in the trans and cis (trp-10-pro-11) isome ... | 2003 | 12700231 |
| invasive group b streptococcal infections in finland: a population-based study. | we analyzed surveillance data on group b streptococcus (gbs) infection in finland from 1995 to 2000 and reviewed neonatal cases of early-onset gbs infection in selected hospitals in 1999 to 2000. from 1995 to 2000, 853 cases were reported (annual incidence 2.2-3.0/100,000 population). we found 32-38 neonatal cases of early-onset gbs disease per year (annual incidence 0.6-0.7/1,000 live births). in five hospitals, 35% of 26 neonatal cases of early-onset gbs infection had at least one risk factor: ... | 2003 | 12702228 |
| group b streptococcal phospholipid causes pulmonary hypertension. | group b streptococcus is the most common cause of bacterial infection in the newborn. infection in many cases causes persistent pulmonary hypertension, which impairs gas exchange in the lung. we purified the bacterial components causing pulmonary hypertension and identified them as cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol. synthetic cardiolipin or phosphatidylglycerol also induced pulmonary hypertension in lambs. the recognition that bacterial phospholipids may cause pulmonary hypertension in newbor ... | 2003 | 12702761 |
| [serotypes and antibody levels of group b streptococci in pregnant women]. | group b streptococcus were isolated from 1404 pregnant out-patient women in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, st. marianna university school of medicine, from june 1, 1992 to may 31, 2001. serotype of 187 (13.3%) fresh isolates of gbs was determined by using hemolytic streptococcus-typing immune sera (denka seiken, tokyo, japan). with these strains there were 59 (31.6%), 46 (26.6%), 19 (10.2%), 16 (8.6%), 16 (8.6%), 12 (6.4%) and 3 (1.6%) indicating that their types were viii, vi, iii ... | 2003 | 12708003 |
| causes and outcome of young infant admissions to a kenyan district hospital. | to provide a comprehensive description of young infant admissions to a first referral level health facility in kenya. these data, currently lacking, are important given present efforts to standardise their care through the integrated management of childhood illness (imci) and for prioritising both health care provision and disease prevention strategies. | 2003 | 12716721 |
| [risk factors and screening strategy for group b streptococcal colonization in pregnant women: results of a prospective study]. | group b streptococcus (gbs) continues to be the most important bacterial cause of sepsis, meningitidis in newborns. american consensus guidelines have been published. they recommended the use of either risk-based strategy or screening-based approach for gbs colonization in pregnant women to identify candidates for intrapartum prophylaxis. screening consists of obtaining vaginal and anorectal specimens for culture at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation. the aim of this prospective study was to assess the u ... | 2003 | 12717304 |
| genetic analysis of streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from neonates and their mothers. | streptococcus agalactiae or group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in neonates. one of the major questions is whether the gbs strains able to cause neonatal invasive disease have peculiar genetic features. a collection of s. agalactiae strains, isolated from cervix, vagina and rectum of 10 mothers and from throat, ear and umbilicus of their newborns was genetically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). this study demonstrated th ... | 2003 | 12727374 |
| serious bacterial infections in febrile infants younger than 90 days of age: the importance of ampicillin-resistant pathogens. | intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against group b streptococcus (gbs) has reduced the occurrence of serious bacterial infections (sbi) in young infants caused by gbs. recommendations for initial antibiotic therapy for the febrile infant 1 to 90 days old were developed when infections with gbs were common and antibiotic resistance was rare. | 2003 | 12728072 |
| peripartum transmission of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. | streptococcus pneumoniae is a rarely recognized cause of neonatal sepsis. we present a recent case of s. pneumoniae bacteremia acquired on the first day of life in a neonate born at 30 weeks of gestation to a mother without prenatal care who had prolonged rupture of the membranes and received intravenous ampicillin prior to delivery. the isolate was resistant to penicillin, with a mic of the drug of 4 microg/ml. the child responded to a 7-day course of intravenous vancomycin. s. pneumoniae was r ... | 2003 | 12734296 |
| septic arthritis in children: relationship of causative pathogens, complications, and outcome. | this retrospective study investigated the causative pathogens, complications, and outcome of 58 children who were hospitalized for septic arthritis at a tertiary care hospital in southern taiwan from july 1988 to december 2000. the mean age was 3 years (range, 12 days-16 years). the males/females ratio was 1.2:1. ninety percent of the cases involved lower extremities (knee, hip, and ankle) with the hip being the most common site of infection (54%). joint pain (81%) was the most common clinical p ... | 2003 | 12741732 |
| comparison of direct selective versus nonselective agar media plus lim broth enrichment for determination of group b streptococcus colonization status in pregnant women. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis in developed countries, and determination of the gbs colonization status in pregnant patients near term is essential for the provision of prophylactic measures to prevent early-onset disease. | 2003 | 12741897 |
| the presence of insertion elements is861 and is1548 in group b streptococci. | the presence of insertion elements (is) is861 and is1548 in the collection of 211 streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women and dairy cows was assayed. is861 was found in 67 human strains (59%) and 36 bovine strains (37%), is1548 in 13 human strains (12%) and 16 bovine strains (16%). two combinations, is861+ is1548- and is861- is1548-, were widely distributed in both human and bovine strains. the copy number and the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the two i ... | 2003 | 12744086 |
| predominance of serotype v and frequency of erythromycin resistance in streptococcus agalactiae in ohio. | the purpose of this study was to test the serotype distribution and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of group b streptococcus from three ohio regions in comparison to other areas of the united states. | 2003 | 12748459 |
| taking antenatal group b streptococcus seriously: women's experiences of screening and perceptions of risk. | early-onset group b streptococcal disease is a serious cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. although screening protocols for group b streptococcus are common, little is known of women's perceptions of this screening and the disease itself. the purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of women's experiences, knowledge, and perceptions about this bacteria and its screening. | 2003 | 12752169 |
| intrapartum antibiotics and neonatal invasive infections caused by organisms other than group b streptococcus. | objectives/study design: administration of group b streptococcal (gbs) antibiotic prophylaxis to women in labor has dramatically reduced the incidence of gbs neonatal disease, but there is little information on its impact on neonatal infections caused by other organisms. we conducted a nested case-control study to define the association between maternal intrapartum antibiotics and risk of neonatal non-gbs infection. results: in our study population, 114 of 13,224 infants had 115 non-gbs infectio ... | 2003 | 12756379 |
| successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis associated with diabetic nephropathy. | a 50-year-old woman with a 15-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital due to high fever and a skin lesion with severe pain, swelling and a sensation of heat in the right thigh. laboratory examination showed elevated c-reactive protein (crp), thrombocytopenia, nephrotic syndrome and renal dysfunction. her blood glucose level had been well controlled. streptococcus agalactiae was detected in both the skin lesion and blood culture, and pathological examination revealed ... | 2003 | 12757984 |
| [incidence of early-onset neonatal sepsis caused by group b streptococcus at the pediatric clinic of the university clinical center in sarajevo]. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the main ethiological agent of neonatal sepsis in the developed countries. because of high mortality rate american college of obstetrics and gynaecologists and centers for disease control published recommendation for prevention of neonatal gbs infection. program recommends screening of all pregnant women for anogenital gbs infection including intrapartum treatment of pregnant women at high risk, with penicillin or ampicillin. clindamicin or erythromicin may be used ... | 2002 | 12762249 |
| novel protein vaccine candidates against group b streptococcal infection identified using alkaline phosphatase fusions. | using an alkaline phosphatase-based genetic screening method, we identified a number of proteins that are potentially located on the outer surface of group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae). in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antisera raised against two of the proteins, the streptococcal yutd homologue and a subunit of an abc transporter, recognised clinically important serotypes of group b streptococcus. in a neonatal rat model, purified igg from the sera conferred significant le ... | 2003 | 12770717 |
| neonatal early-onset group b streptococcal disease in the era of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis: residual problems. | to identify limitations of current strategies for intrapartum prophylaxis of neonatal early-onset group b streptococcal infection. | 2003 | 12774131 |
| "real world" compliance with strategies to prevent early-onset group b streptococcal disease. | to assess the "real-world" compliance with risk- and culture-based strategies to prevent early-onset group b streptococcal disease. | 2003 | 12774132 |
| the incidence of group b streptococcus in the vaginal tracts of pregnant women in central alabama. | group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) or gbs is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the united states. one important risk factor for infants who acquire gbs is maternal colonization. colonization rates have been estimated in various studies to be between 15% and 35% of pregnant women. colonization rates for black women have also been shown to be higher than for non-blacks. local data were collected and compared to those of other studies. of the pregnant women in ... | 2002 | 12778951 |
| the role of endothelin converting enzyme inhibition during group b streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets. | an endothelin-converting enzyme mediates the conversion from low-potency pro-endothelin to potent endothelin-1 (et-1). increased et-1 levels have been observed in pulmonary hypertension of various etiologies in infants. we hypothesized that increased et-1 levels induce pulmonary hypertension during group b streptococcus (gbs) infusion, and this can be attenuated by the administration of an endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ecei). twenty-two unanesthetized, chronically instrumented newborn ... | 2003 | 12788984 |
| multilocus sequence typing system for group b streptococcus. | a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) system was developed for group b streptococcus (gbs). the system was used to characterize a collection (n = 152) of globally and ecologically diverse human strains of gbs that included representatives of capsular serotypes ia, ib, ii, iii, v, vi, and viii. fragments (459 to 519 bp) of seven housekeeping genes were amplified by pcr for each strain and sequenced. the combination of alleles at the seven loci provided an allelic profile or sequence type (st) for e ... | 2003 | 12791877 |
| group b streptococcus carriage and vulvovaginal symptoms: causal or casual? a case-control study in a gum clinic population. | the isolation of group b streptococcus (gbs) on routine swabs taken from genitourinary medicine (gum) clinic attendees is a common finding. the relation of gbs to vulvovaginal symptoms is unclear, creating confusion about management. this case-control study tested the hypothesis that detection of gbs on routine clinical specimens is not causally related to vulvovaginal symptoms in female gum clinic attendees. | 2003 | 12794214 |
| susceptibility of zimbabwean streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus; gbs) isolates to four different antibiotics. | to establish the susceptibility of zimbabwean gbs strains isolated from hospitalised patients to four antibiotics. | 2001 | 12808772 |
| culture-based group b streptococcal screening. adherence to current guidelines. | to examine the ability of a universal screening strategy to identify and treat group b streptococcus-positive women with intrapartum antibiotics. | 2003 | 12815900 |
| fever in healthy asymptomatic newborns during the first days of life. | to determine the characteristics of febrile full term infants during the first days of life, and to discover the rate of serious bacterial infections among low risk neonates with systemic fever. | 2003 | 12819164 |