| safety and immunogenicity of the live oral auxotrophic shigella flexneri sfl124 in volunteers. | the live, aromatic dependent shigella flexneri y vaccine strain sfl124, with a deleted arod gene, was tested for safety and immunogenicity in 21 healthy adult volunteers. a single dose of 2 x 10(9) live bacteria was given orally to ten volunteers, whereas 11 received three doses every other day. the vaccine was excreted for 4.2 days and was well tolerated by 90.5% of the vaccinees. only 2 of 21 (9.5%) after the first dose had a self-limiting diarrhoea lasting 1 day; of volunteers given one dose ... | 1992 | 1598788 |
| streptococcal toxic shock syndrome due to noninvasive pharyngitis. | serious infections due to group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus (gabhs) have been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. we report a case of toxic shock syndrome (tss) due to gabhs pharyngitis in an otherwise healthy 14-year-old boy. the organism was found to produce toxin a. to our knowledge, this is the second reported case of streptococcal tss associated with the production of toxin a that is not associated with an invasive disease and the first case associated with a documented r ... | 1992 | 1600009 |
| phosphorylation of icsa by camp-dependent protein kinase and its effect on intracellular spread of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, a gram-negative bacillus belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, causes bacillary dysentery in humans by invading colonic epithelial cells. processes by which epithelial cells, which are not professional phagocytes, may limit the spread of the invading microorganisms are poorly understood. this paper shows that icsa (virg), a 120 kda bacterial outer membrane protein responsible for intracellular and cell-to-cell spread through polymerization of actin, is a major substrate ... | 1992 | 1602963 |
| age-specific prevalence of serum antibodies to the invasion plasmid and lipopolysaccharide antigens of shigella species in chilean and north american populations. | shigella species have virulence plasmids that encode outer membrane proteins (invasion plasmid antigens, ipa) associated with pathogenicity. western blots were used to detect antibodies to ipa in sera from 390 chilean children, and these responses were compared with those of a us population of infants and adults. antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (lps) of plesiomonas shigelloides and shigella flexneri 2a were measured by elisa. among the chileans, there was an age-related acquisition of ipa antib ... | 1992 | 1607690 |
| adhesion of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri to guinea-pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro. | adhesion of bacteria to guinea-pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro was inhibited by fucose with all the four strains tested (two of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and two of s. flexneri). n-acetyl neuraminic acid and n-acetyl mannosamine also caused inhibition, suggesting a multiplicity of receptors on the epithelial cell. congo-red binding of the strains correlated with their adhesive ability, whereas haemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by the bacteria did not. | 1992 | 1613779 |
| shigella flexneri induces apoptosis in infected macrophages. | the gram-negative bacterial pathogen shigella flexneri causes dysentery by invading the human colonic mucosa. bacteria are phagocytosed by enterocytes, escape from the phagosome into the cytoplasm and spread to adjacent cells. after crossing the epithelium, shigella reaches the lamina propria of intestinal villi, the first line of defence. this tissue is densely populated with phagocytes that are killed in great numbers, resulting in abscesses. the genes required for cell invasion and macrophage ... | 1992 | 1614548 |
| antimicrobial resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae: a south african perspective. | resistance to penicillin among south african strains of streptococcus pneumoniae increased from 4.9% in 1979 to 14.4% in 1990. except for resistance to co-trimoxazole (44%), resistance to other antimicrobial agents remained relatively low. multiply resistant strains belonged mainly to serovars 6b, 19a, 14, and, more recently, 23f. use of chloramphenicol to treat meningitis caused by strains relatively resistant to penicillin proved to be unsatisfactory, probably because of the inadequate bacteri ... | 1992 | 1617077 |
| virulence phenotypes of shigella flexneri 2a avirulent mutant 24570 can be complemented by the plasmid-coded positive regulator virf gene. | avirulent mutation of an opaque colony variant of shigella flexneri 2a designated 24570 has been believed to be linked with the glpk locus of the chromosome. however, avirulent phenotypes of the 24570 strain could be complemented by the invasion plasmid-coded virf gene, a positive regulator for invasion genes. the 24570 strain had a dna structural alteration upstream of the virf gene. | 1992 | 1624118 |
| molecular and functional characterization of the salmonella invasion gene inva: homology of inva to members of a new protein family. | one of the earliest steps in the pathogenic cycle of the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella spp. is the invasion of the cells of the intestinal epithelium. we have previously identified a genetic locus, inv, that allows salmonella spp. to enter cultured epithelial cells. inva is a member of this locus, and it is the first gene of an operon consisting of at least two additional invasion genes. we have constructed strains carrying nonpolar mutations in inva and examined the individual c ... | 1992 | 1624429 |
| [shigella flexneri strains having a new type antigen]. | five shigella strains isolated from stool cultures of two domestic dysentery cases and three imported cases in tokyo in 1986-1989 had an atypial serotype that agglutinated with only antiserum to s. flexneri group 6 factor antigen. these strains showed typical biochemical reactions of s. flexneri and were biochemically identical. four of the strains were positive for serény test with guinea pig eye and the cell-invasion test with hela cells. the strains also had the virulence-plasmid encoding out ... | 1992 | 1624844 |
| aida-i, the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence of the diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli strain 2787 (o126:h27), is synthesized via a precursor molecule. | the adherence mechanisms of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) to epithelial cells are still not understood. to study the molecular basis of the diffuse adherence (da) phenotype exhibited by diarrhoeagenic e. coli expressing classical epec serotypes we investigated strain 2787 (o126:h27) isolated from a case of infantile diarrhoea. a 6.0 kb plasmid-derived dna fragment mediates the da phenotype and encodes the 100 kda adhesin protein aida-i (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence). sequenci ... | 1992 | 1625582 |
| the virf protein from shigella flexneri is a member of the arac transcription factor superfamily and is highly homologous to rns, a positive regulator of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | | 1992 | 1625585 |
| [current insights on the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. | the pathogenesis and etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is poorly understood. as a matter of fact, it is not even certain whether either one is a single entity with different forms of clinical manifestations, or whether each one represents a single clearly separable entity. common features of both diseases are chronic persistence, recurrent exacerbation and remission, the production of autoantibodies, as well as the expression of aberrant hla-class ii molecules on the surface of epithe ... | 1992 | 1626162 |
| [photodynamically induced vitreous liquefaction in vivo]. | photodynamically induced vitreous liquefaction in rabbit eye was investigated. photosensitizer, riboflavine phosphate, was injected into the vitreous cavity of the rabbit before white-light irradiation. after the irradiation (0, 1, 3, 6 hr) the rabbit vitreous body was separated into gel and liquid portions. the liquid vitreous body was weighed, and the vitreous liquefaction percentage was calculated. one hour irradiation caused 38% of liquefaction of the eye; 3 hr, 50% liquefaction; 6 hr, 59% l ... | 1992 | 1626474 |
| antibodies to shiga holotoxin and to two synthetic peptides of the b subunit in sera of patients with shigella dysenteriae 1 dysentery. | acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 18 thai patients and convalescent-phase sera from two israeli patients and one bangladeshi patient with shigella dysenteriae 1 (shiga) dysentery were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies that bind s. dysenteriae lipopolysaccharide (lps), shiga holotoxin, or two synthetic peptides representing epitopes from the b subunit of shiga toxin. paired sera from 24 maryland adults with shigella flexneri 2a or shigella sonnei diarrhea serv ... | 1992 | 1629317 |
| [an interesting case--endoscopic hemostasis of an actively bleeding sigmoid diverticulum--a case report]. | a pulsating arterial bleeding from a diverticulum, situated in the colon sigmoideum, was identified and stopped during video-documentation in a 70 year-old man. after injection with a solution of suprarenin, the diverticulum was turned out like a balloon into the colon and didn't show any signs of further bleeding until the patient was prepared for a semi-elective resection of the sigmoid. this case demonstrates that emergency endoscopy is an effective method for diagnosis and even therapy of ma ... | 1992 | 1636274 |
| mxia of shigella flexneri 2a, which facilitates export of invasion plasmid antigens, encodes a homolog of the low-calcium-response protein, lcrd, of yersinia pestis. | the plasmid-encoded invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) export accessory locus of shigella flexneri 2a, mxia, was cloned, and the complete dna sequence of the gene was determined. the mixa open reading frame was found to encode a polypeptide of 74.03 kda with a pi of 5.02. a hydropathy analysis of the predicted protein revealed a hydrophilic c terminus and an extremely hydrophobic n terminus without a cleavable signal sequence but with several potential membrane-spanning regions. while a homology sea ... | 1992 | 1639496 |
| beneficial effect of syngeneic pancreatic islet transplantation on liver atrophy and hepatocellular function after portacaval shunt. | hepatic insufficiency, which continues to be a source of morbidity after portacaval shunt (pcs), can be prevented by syngeneic pancreatic islet transplantation into the portal vein before pcs. this study investigated the ability of syngeneic pancreatic islet transplantation after pcs to prevent hepatic atrophy and rescue hepatocellular function. | 1992 | 1641769 |
| [surveillance study on bacteriological etiology of 8371 children with diarrhea]. | the results of stool cultures from 8371 children of 0-13 years old with diarrhea during the years of january 1981 to december 1989 in shanghai area are reported. 2906 strains of enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated, with total detection rate of 34.72%. shigella were still the most common pathogens in 1981-1984, and campylobacter jejuni took second place, whereas from 1985 on campylobacter exceeded shigella as the first pathogenic bacteria of children's diarrhea. except in 1987 and 1988 shigel ... | 1991 | 1647837 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis aboard a cruise ship caused by a multiple-antibiotic-resistant strain of shigella flexneri. | from october 23 to october 27, 1989, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred aboard a cruise ship in the caribbean. the 818 passengers and 518 crew members were surveyed for gastrointestinal symptoms; 72 (14%) of 512 passengers and 12 (3%) of 388 crew members who answered the survey reported having a diarrheal illness. multiple-antibiotic-resistant shigella flexneri 4a was isolated from 19 ill passengers and two ill crew members. thirteen people were hospitalized, and prolonged duration of illne ... | 1991 | 1652203 |
| [isolation of enteropathogenic microorganism from patients with infection of the digestive tract during 1976 to 1988 in tenri hospital]. | enteropathogenic microorganisms isolated from feces of 9,393 patients with diarrhea or enteritis in our hospital between 1976 and 1988 were analyzed. as the result of the examination of 5,443 outpatients, 1,811 strains of pathogens were isolated from 1,686 cases (31.0%). several species including salmonella spp., escherichia coli serotype, vibrio parahaemolyticus, were isolated before 1978, and the incidence of pathogens was low (14.8%). for the 10-year period since 1979, the incidence markedly ... | 1991 | 1655921 |
| molecular typing of shigella strains using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and genome hybridization with insertion sequences. | the genomes of 18 independent shigella isolates (9 shigella sonnei, 5 shigella dysenteriae and 4 shigella flexneri) as well as of 4 epidemic s. flexneri strains were analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and by the distribution of insertion sequences (is1, is2 and is911). despite the close relatedness observed among the 9 independent s. sonnei, all of them could be differentiated from each other. the 4 independent s. flexneri isolates showed clearly distinguishable dna profiles. ne ... | 1991 | 1658885 |
| construction of a physical map of the chromosome of shigella flexneri 2a and the direct assignment of nine virulence-associated loci identified by tn5 insertions. | to establish the molecular basis of the chromosomal virulence genes of shigella flexneri 2a (ysh6000), a notl restriction map of the chromosome was constructed by exploiting notl-linking clones, partial notl digestion and dna probes from various genes of escherichia coli k-12. the map revealed at least three local differences in the placements of genes between ysh6000 and e. coli k-12. using the additional notl sites introduced by tn5 insertion, nine virulence loci identified previously by rando ... | 1991 | 1662762 |
| [in vitro model for the analysis of the interaction between shigella flexneri and the intestinal epithelium]. | an in vitro study of the adhesion and invasion of shigella flexneri was implemented, by means of incubation of laminary cuts of cecal mucosa of dunkin-hartley guinea pigs in a suspension of shigella flexneri, which was isolated from a patient with bacillary dysentery. the laminae were placed in plastic chambers for two hours at 37%c. after this the bacterial suspension was discarded so as to eliminate the bacilli which were not adhered. the epithelium was washed with saline and was processed for ... | 1990 | 1669218 |
| interferon production by shigella flexneri-infected fibroblasts depends upon intracellular bacterial metabolism. | the role of bacterial invasion and subsequent intracellular metabolism or replication, or both, in the induction of interferon (ifn) production in primary cultures of murine embryo fibroblasts (mefs) was examined. ifn production appeared to be dependent upon bacterial invasion. mefs that were challenged with shigella flexneri cultured at 30 degrees c to inhibit the temperature-dependent virulence gene expression that is essential for invasion failed to produce ifn. furthermore, inhibition of s. ... | 1990 | 1688826 |
| sequence and molecular characterization of a multicopy invasion plasmid antigen gene, ipah, of shigella flexneri. | a lambda gt11 expression library of tn5-tagged invasion plasmid pwr110 (from shigella flexneri serotype 5, strain m90t-w) contained a set of recombinants encoding a 60-kilodalton protein (designated ipah) recognized by rabbit antisera raised against s. flexneri invasion plasmid antigens (j. m. buysse, c. k. stover, e. v. oaks, m. m. venkatesan, and d. j. kopecko, j. bacteriol. 169:2561-2569, 1987). southern blot analysis of wild-type s. flexneri serotype 5 invasion plasmid dna (pwr100) digested ... | 1990 | 1690703 |
| bacteria-infected fibroblasts have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic action of tumor necrosis factor. | the susceptibility of bacteria-infected fibroblasts to the cytotoxic action of tumor necrosis factor was investigated. l cells infected with shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, or listeria monocytogenes, had an enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic activity of tnf-alpha. this enhanced susceptibility was dependent upon the challenge dose of bacteria, the concentration of tnf, and upon the exposure time of bacteria-infected cells to tnf. l cells infected with s. flexneri were susceptible ... | 1990 | 1694886 |
| [the significance of the o antigen for the diagnosis of acute sonne dysentery]. | the authors investigated the clinical importance of determination of the o-antigen in coprofiltrates of patients with acute sonne dysentery by means of immunoenzymatic analysis. it was found that use of immunoenzymatic analysis is justified for etiological diagnosis of dysentery as well as with the purpose of forecasting recurrence of the disease. | 1990 | 1697713 |
| transient cytokeratin expression in skeletal muscle during murine embryogenesis. | cytokeratin expression was investigated in paravertebral skeletal musculature of 10 d and 18 d old embryos as well as in adult nmri-mice. the muscular nature of the evaluated tissue was evidenced by their expression of vimentin and desmin. binding moieties for cytokeratin antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal) could be demonstrated only in muscle cells of 10 d old embryos. concerning subtypes, the mouse equivalents of the human cytokeratins nos. 8, 18 and 19 could be made probable. the importanc ... | 1990 | 1698345 |
| conduction velocity distribution of afferent fibers innervating the rat urinary bladder. | the conduction velocities of individual afferent fibers innervating the rat urinary bladder were determined by the antidromic stimulation of dorsal roots while recording from bladder postganglionic nerves. conduction velocities ranged from 0.5 to 21.0 m/s; 70% of the velocities were less than 2.5 m/s. the distribution within the dorsal roots was ipsilateral with 84% in l6 and 16% in s1. neuroanatomical tracing with horseradish peroxidase applied to individual bladder postganglionic nerves result ... | 1990 | 1698508 |
| desensitization of the dopaminergic system in bovine retina following incubation with high potassium. | the effect of potassium depolarization on dopamine d1 receptor activity in bovine retina was investigated. preincubation of bovine retinas in buffer containing high kcl (56 mm) as compared to a low kcl control buffer resulted in a significant decrease in dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity with no change in basal or gtp-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. the apparent vmax for dopamine was decreased from 102 +/- 15 pmol/min/mg protein in retinas preincubated in high kcl to 71 +/- 1 ... | 1990 | 1698510 |
| monoclonal antibodies against an hla-b27-derived peptide react with an epitope present on bacterial proteins. | the role of molecular mimicry in the spondyloarthropathies was investigated with respect to the epitopes involved. mab were produced against a synthetic peptide whose sequence was derived from a polymorphic region of the hla-b27 molecule (amino acids 63-83). two antibodies (j7f2 and h2b6) were selected for study on the basis of their ability to react with bacterial envelope proteins (elisa) and b27-positive cells (immunofluorescence). j7f2 reacted preferentially with b27-positive cells and neith ... | 1990 | 1698856 |
| projection subtypes of rat neostriatal matrix cells revealed by intracellular injection of biocytin. | individual neostriatal-matrix spiny neurons were stained intracellularly with biocytin after intracellular recording in vivo, and their axons were traced into the globus pallidus (gp), entopeduncular nucleus (ep), and/or substantia nigra (sn). the locations of the neurons within the matrix compartment of the neostriatum (ns) were established by immunocytochemical counterstaining of sections containing the cell bodies using antibodies for calbindin-d28k. this allowed nearly complete visualization ... | 1990 | 1698947 |
| [the rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis by a determination of the antigen in the biosubstrates of patients using the coagglutination reaction]. | the diagnostic potential of the coagglutination test was checked with the aim of improving the laboratory diagnosis of salmonella infections by the detection of salmonella specific antigen in different biological materials (feces, urine, saliva and immune complexes in blood sera). the study of all specimens resulted in the confirmation of the diagnosis in 78% of patients, often during the first days of the disease. the proportion of nonspecific reactions, as shown in the control groups of health ... | 1990 | 1699371 |
| demonstration of shared epitopes between bacterial proteins and hla class-i proteins using monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies were used to identify the presence of epitopes on bacterial proteins which are cross-reactive with hla-b27. anti-hla-b27 monoclonals, b27m2 and ye-2 reacted with a major protein of approximately 35 kda, which was found to be ompa. on some strains a 19 kda protein was also seen. anti-shigella flexneri monoclonals were also developed which reacted with a 36 kda protein and a 19 kda protein. the 36 kda protein was ompf. these antibodies also reacted with a synthetic peptide re ... | 1990 | 1701917 |
| binding of enteric bacteria to hog gastric mucin. | the binding features of enteric bacteria were studied using a model mucin of hog gastric origin. the time requirement of binding is short, it is temperature-independent, but dose-dependent. the binding effectiveness of escherichia coli, shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri, as well as salmonella minnesota had a narrow range: 1.5-9 germs pro pg of mucin. the bacterial ligand of the binding is certainly not a polysaccharide as proved by the uniform binding of the r-mutant series of s. sonnei and ... | 1990 | 1702253 |
| prospective study of the association between serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide o antigen and the attack rate of shigellosis. | a means for determining immune status against shigellosis would significantly improve the design and evaluation of interventional and other epidemiologic studies. previous case-control studies have indicated the potential role of humoral antilipopolysaccharide antibodies. to test this proposition, 190 soldiers serving in a field unit were monitored prospectively for 2.5 months for shigellosis. blood samples were taken at the beginning of the follow-up period and tested for serological evidence o ... | 1991 | 1706731 |
| the structural basis of serological specificity in shigella flexneri o-antigens. | | 1990 | 1708342 |
| an o antigen can interfere with the function of the yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein. | escherichia coli strains harbouring the yersinia pseudotuberculosis inv gene are able to enter cultured mammalial cells. we show here that this property is not shared by all enteric bacteria, since shigella flexneri 2a cured of its virulence-associated plasmid and harbouring the inv gene is unable to enter mammalian cells efficiently. mapping studies showed that the region of the chromosome responsible for this phenotype includes rfab, a locus involved in the production of o antigen. s. flexneri ... | 1991 | 1710312 |
| [diagnosis and therapy of viral hepatitis]. | | 1991 | 1713243 |
| sensitivity of shigella flexneri and escherichia coli bacteria to bacteriophages and to colicins, lost or established by the acquisition of r plasmids. | lac+ recombinant of shigella flexneri 2a carrying r-factors of the standard set have been constructed. the r+ transconjugants obtained have been compared with the original strain with respect to their susceptibility to a set of bacteriophages recommended for phagetyping of shigella strains and to a set of colicins. it have been found that as a result of acquiring some r-factors the susceptibility to bacteriophages changes; presence of certain r-factors causes susceptibility, that of other r-fact ... | 1990 | 1715637 |
| sensitivity of shigella strains to the bactericidal activity of human serum. ii. shigella flexneri 3 a is killed by complement activated via the classical pathway, with participation of lysozyme. | normal human serum is bactericidal for all studied strains (15) of shigella flexneri serotype 3a. the activity of the serum was similar irrespective of the invasiveness of the bacteria or its lack. the studied bacteria were susceptible to a single mechanism of bactericidal activity involving complement activated via the classical pathway, accompanied by the action of lysozyme. | 1990 | 1715645 |
| sensitivity of shigella strains to the bactericidal activity of human serum. iii. the diversity of activity variants of bactericidal serum factors against shigella flexneri serotypes. | normal human serum is bactericidal for all studied shigella flexneri strains (38) belonging to nine serotypes. six variants of bactericidal activity of serum factors for these bacteria were determined. | 1990 | 1715646 |
| constitutive production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 by a human lung cancer cell line, ksny: gene amplification and increased mrna stability. | a human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line designated ksny was established from a patient suffering from marked neutrophilia and polyclonal hyper-gamma-globulinemia. in our previous report, we demonstrated colony-stimulating activities in the culture supernatant of this cell line. to determine the exact molecules for the activities, we investigated the gene expression of various cytokines in ksny cells and showed the mrna expression of both granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and i ... | 1991 | 1716216 |
| constitutive production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 by a human lung cancer cell line, ksny: gene amplification and increased mrna stability. | a human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line designated ksny was established from a patient suffering from marked neutrophilia and polyclonal hyper-gamma-globulinemia. in our previous report, we demonstrated colony-stimulating activities in the culture supernatant of this cell line. to determine the exact molecules for the activities, we investigated the gene expression of various cytokines in ksny cells and showed the mrna expression of both granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and i ... | 1991 | 1716216 |
| evolution of the ferric enterobactin receptor in gram-negative bacteria. | using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of iron-deficient and replete cell envelopes, 59fe-siderophore uptake studies, and western immunoblots and cytofluorimetric analyses with monoclonal antibodies (mabs), we surveyed a panel of gram-negative bacteria to identify outer membrane proteins that are structurally related to the escherichia coli k-12 ferric enterobactin receptor, fepa. antibodies within the panel identified fepa epitopes that are conserved among the majority ... | 1991 | 1717434 |
| the oac gene encoding a lipopolysaccharide o-antigen acetylase maps adjacent to the integrase-encoding gene on the genome of shigella flexneri bacteriophage sf6. | lysogens of shigella flexneri harbouring the temperate bacteriophage, sf6, have been previously shown to undergo a serotype conversion due to o-acetylation of the o-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. a partial physical map of the phage genome has been constructed. analysis of the phage dna suggests that the phage packages by a headful mechanism and that the mature dna molecules are terminally redundant. cloning of the psti fragments of sf6 enabled the region encoding the serotype conversion to b ... | 1991 | 1720755 |
| genetic analysis of the rfb region of shigella flexneri encoding the y serotype o-antigen specificity. | the gene cluster (rfb region) which determines the biosynthesis of the shigella flexneri o-antigen of the y serotype specificity was cloned from a s. flexneri serotype 2a strain. two plasmids, ppm2212 and ppm2213, which conferred o-antigen biosynthesis were generated from separate cosmid clones by deletion with clal. these plasmids expressed o-antigen in escherichia coli k12 like that of the parental strain, as assessed by reactions to antisera in colony and western immunoblots, sensitivity to b ... | 1991 | 1724058 |
| repeated, childhood vaginal bleeding is not always precocious puberty. | | 1992 | 1728002 |
| shigella flexneri enters human colonic caco-2 epithelial cells through the basolateral pole. | the commonly accepted view that enteroinvasive bacteria enter cells of the intestinal epithelial lining through the apical surface can be challenged in the case of shigellosis. this study is based on in vitro experiments that showed that the invasion of human colonic caco-2 cells by shigella flexneri occurred through the basolateral pole of these cells. in these experiments, the few bacteria that interacted with the apical surface either bound to microvilli of the cell dome without causing detec ... | 1992 | 1729185 |
| the agrobacterium tumefaciens vir gene transcriptional activator virg is transcriptionally induced by acid ph and other stress stimuli. | a set of agrobacterium tumefaciens operons required for pathogenesis is coordinately induced during plant infection by the vira and virg proteins. the intracellular concentration of virg increases in response to acidic media, and this response was proposed to be regulated at the level of transcription at a promoter (p2) that resembles the escherichia coli heat shock promoters. to test this hypothesis, we first constructed a virg-lacz transcriptional fusion. a strain containing this fusion had hi ... | 1992 | 1735712 |
| [molecular and cellular bases of shigella flexneri virulence]. | shigella flexneri, a gram negative bacillus, causes bacillary dysentery, an ulcerative disease of the human colon, by invading intestinal epithelial cells. entry into epithelial cells occurs via an induced phagocytic process which involves the actino-myosin complex. the host-cell receptor and the transmembrane signal which initiate reorganization of the cytoskeleton are under study. binding to integrins has recently been demonstrated in related models such as the entry of yersinia pseudotubercul ... | 1991 | 1742620 |
| possible mechanisms underlying the slow lactose fermentation phenotype in shigella spp. | a southern hybridization analysis revealed that the region homologous to escherichia coli lacz was present on the chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-positive shigella strains, such as shigella dysenteriae serovar 1 and shigella sonnei strains, whereas this region was absent from chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-negative strains of shigella flexneri and shigella boydii. we found that the lacy-a region was deficient in s. dysenteriae serovar 1 and believe that this is the reason for the ... | 1991 | 1746953 |
| molecular mimickry between hla b27 and yersinia, salmonella, shigella and klebsiella within the same region of hla alpha 1-helix. | two new examples of amino acid homology between hla b27 and microbes triggering hla b27-associated diseases are described. an outer membrane protein yada (yersinia adhesin, previously called yop1) of yersinia enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis shares a linear tetrapeptide with hla b27. a cationic outer membrane protein omph of salmonella typhimurium shares homology with five amino acids of hla b27 in a non-linear fashion. the four amino acids of yada are also notably included in the hexape ... | 1991 | 1747948 |
| [a study of kirby-bauer method of antimicrobial sensitivity test and resistant plasmid assay with 486 strains of shigella isolated clinically]. | 486 cases of bacillary dysentery admitted to an army hospital during the peak season (july to september) from 1986 to 1988 were studied. the pathogens in 452 cases were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity with 14 kinds of antibiotics by using kirby-bauer method recommended by who. the results showed that the number of antibiotics to which the dysentery bacteria became resistant had increased. in 1986 the number was 9, while in 1987 and 1988 it increased to 12 and 13 respectively. among the resi ... | 1991 | 1752157 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends of shigellae isolates from calabar, nigeria. | during a 3-year study (january 1986-december 1988), stools of 2200 diarrhoeal or dysenteric patients were examined by culturing and 108 (4.9%) were found positive for shigellae. shigella flexneri was the commonest species isolated (54.6%), followed by sh. dysenteriae (24.1%). patients aged less than or equal to 15 years accounted for 51.4% of cases. shigellae over the 3 years showed high and sometimes rising resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and cotrimoxazole and complete r ... | 1991 | 1758013 |
| plasmid-associated resistance to pivmecillinam in shigella flexneri and shigella boydii. | | 1991 | 1761454 |
| glucose and glutamine metabolism in rat macrophages: enhanced glycolysis and unaltered glutaminolysis in spontaneously diabetic bb rats. | metabolism of glutamine (gln, 2 mm) and glucose (5 mm) was studied in vitro in isolated resident peritoneal macrophages from both normal (bbn) and spontaneously diabetic bb (bbd) rats. the major products from gln were ammonia, glutamate, co2 and to a lesser extent aspartate. glucose decreased (p less than 0.01) the production of ammonia, co2 and aspartate from gln by 34-60%, but had no effect on the amount of glutamate accumulated. the major products from glucose were lactate and to a much lesse ... | 1991 | 1764469 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ipabcd structural genes of shigella dysenteriae. | a 9 kb ecori and two psti fragments from the virulence plasmid of shigella dysenteriae cg097 were shown to contain all ipa genes by probing with shigella flexneri ipab, -c, -d and -a gene probes. the dna sequences of s. dysenteriae ipabc genes were very similar to those of s. flexneri m90t and s. flexneri ysh6000, but ipad differed by 22 codons from that of s. flexneri. the differences in ipad may account for the different in vitro host specificities shown by s. dysenteriae and s. flexneri. the ... | 1991 | 1766387 |
| analysis of high psa n-cam expression during mammalian spinal cord and peripheral nervous system development. | using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes specifically a high polysialylated form of n-cam (high psa n-cam), the temporal and spatial expression of this molecule was studied in developing spinal cord and neural crest derivatives of mouse truncal region. temporal expression was analyzed on immunoblots of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (drgs) extracts microdissected at different developmental stages. analysis of the ratio of high psa n-cam to total n-cam indicated that sialylation and desia ... | 1991 | 1769342 |
| mosaic trisomy 8 associated with jejunal duplication. | | 1991 | 1773546 |
| evidence for long-term memory of the mucosal immune system: milk secretory immunoglobulin a against shigella lipopolysaccharides. | although the common mucosal immune system has generally been considered to have only short-term memory, recent data suggest that long-term memory exists for shigella virulence plasmid antigens. because such antigens might cross-react with environmental antigens, we investigated milk for the persistence of antibodies to the specific shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) against shigella flexneri and shigella sonn ... | 1991 | 1774268 |
| efficacy and safety of oral cefixime therapy in common infectious diseases in children. | twenty-nine children, including 20 boys and 9 girls, were enrolled in an open trial of oral cefixime therapy for common pediatric infectious diseases. patients aged between 0.5 month and 12 years with a mean +/- standard deviation of 2.3 +/- 2.8 years. the diagnoses included 10 of acute otitis media, 2 of purulent rhinitis, 4 of acute enterocolitis, and 13 of urinary tract infection. most children received 6-12 mg/kg/day of cefixime granules, orally twice daily for more than five days. all 10 ca ... | 1991 | 1776438 |
| molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the rfb region from shigella flexneri type 6 in escherichia coli k-12. | the rfb gene cluster which determines the biosynthesis of the shigella flexneri serotype 6 o-antigen specificity has been cloned in phc79, generating plasmids ppm3115 and ppm3116. these plasmids mediate expression, in escherichia coli k-12, of lipopolysaccharides (lps) immunologically similar to the s. flexneri type 6 lps as judged by sds-page and western-immunoblot analysis using s. flexneri type 6 specific antisera. thus, unlike other s. flexneri serotypes, no additional loci are required for ... | 1991 | 1778433 |
| environmental signals induce major changes in virulence of shigella spp. | growth conditions play a major role in expression of virulence by shigella spp. both in vitro (adherence and internalization in eukaryotic host cells) and in vivo (keratoconjunctivitis). optimized expression of virulence required anaerobic growth to log phase in particular media such as brain heart infusion broth. kinetic studies of guinea pig eye infections showed that as few as 2 x 10(5) s. dysenteriae cg097 or s. flexneri m90t, grown under these optimized conditions, produced keratoconjunctiv ... | 1991 | 1778444 |
| regulation of toxa and rega by the escherichia coli fur gene and identification of a fur homologue in pseudomonas aeruginosa pa103 and pa01. | a multicopy plasmid containing the escherichia coli fur gene was introduced into pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa103c. this strain contains a toxa-lacz fusion integrated into its chromosome at the toxa locus. beta-galactosidase synthesis in this strain is regulated by iron, as is seen for exotoxin a production. beta-galactosidase synthesis and exotoxin a production in pa103c containing multiple copies of e. coli fur was still repressed in low iron conditions. the transcription of rega, a positiv ... | 1991 | 1779768 |
| molecular pathogenesis of shigellosis: a review. | | 1991 | 1779886 |
| salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae bacteremia in an infant with enteritis--a case report. | the septicemia caused by the arizona group organism is rare and usually observed in adults with underlying diseases. in korea, salmonella infection is common, but a report of arizona infection is unknown. we isolated s. entercia subsp. diarizonae from blood of a 6-month-old infant. the serovar was determined as 28:z10:-, a rare one in america. the isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and others. the patient rapidly recovered with ampicillin and gentamicin therapy ... | 1991 | 1781188 |
| salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae bacteremia in an infant with enteritis--a case report. | the septicemia caused by the arizona group organism is rare and usually observed in adults with underlying diseases. in korea, salmonella infection is common, but a report of arizona infection is unknown. we isolated s. entercia subsp. diarizonae from blood of a 6-month-old infant. the serovar was determined as 28:z10:-, a rare one in america. the isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and others. the patient rapidly recovered with ampicillin and gentamicin therapy ... | 1991 | 1781188 |
| damage to hepatic thyroxine 5'-deiodination induced by pathogenic factors of keshan disease and the preventive effects of selenium and vitamin e. | experiments were performed to investigate the change of hepatic t4 5'-deiodination and the preventive effects of selenium (se) and vitamin e in rats fed grains from a keshan disease (kd) endemic area. the results showed that consumption of the endemic grain for 8 weeks caused a significant reduction in hepatic t4 5'-monodeiodinase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and a marked enhancement of hepatic malondialdehyde content. these changes could be effectively prevented through se or vitamin ... | 1991 | 1781930 |
| effect of intracanalicular collagen implants on the absorption of topically applied sodium fluorescein. | absorbable intracanalicular collagen implants were placed in both canaliculi of one eye of nine human volunteers. the other eye served as a control. twenty-four hours later 2% sodium fluorescein was placed into both conjunctival sacs. serial corneal fluorescein concentrations were measured with a scanning ocular fluorophotometer from 2 to 90 min after fluorescein administration. the mean corneal fluorescein concentration averaged over all time points was greater in 7 of 9 eyes with collagen impl ... | 1991 | 1782780 |
| coronary artery thrombosis and thrombolysis in baboons: the effect of atenolol treatment on myocardial infarct size. | the effect of the beta-blocker atenolol on experimental infarct size was studied in a non-human primate model. in 12 baboons thrombosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) was induced and atenolol (0.1 to 0.2 mg.kg-1 intravenously, sufficient to lower the heart rate by 20%) was administered 10 min after the onset of ischaemia in six animals, whereas the others received placebo. thrombolysis was induced 60 min after the onset of ischaemia by intravenous injection of rtpa (12 mic ... | 1991 | 1782934 |
| changes of anti-hb core antibody in children with positive hb surface antigen. | to elucidate the clinical courses of children chronically infected with hb virus (hbv), ria values of anti-hbc were surveyed in 88 cases with positive hbs antigen. among 56 children with positive hbe antigen, 20 had negative, indefinite or low titers of anti-hbc, and 18 (90%) of them had no liver malfunction. out of 30 cases with abnormal liver function tests, 28 (93%) had high titers of anti-hbc. follow-up study for a period of over 12 months reveals that serum hbe antigen disappeared in 10 out ... | 1991 | 1785326 |
| [the culture of discussions and a little bit on the epidemiology of intestinal infections]. | | 1991 | 1789044 |
| ["the modern theoretical and practical concepts of the epidemiology of shigellosis" and the culture of discussions]. | | 1991 | 1789045 |
| sequence variation in two ipah genes of shigella flexneri 5 and homology to the lrg-like family of proteins. | oligonucleotide primers derived from the ipah7.8 sequence have been used to determine the boundaries of dna sequence homology among five ipah genes on the invasion plasmid (pwr100) of shigella flexneri 5, strain m9ot-w. the primary structure of ipah4.5 has been established from dna sequence analysis. the first 197 amino acids in ipah7.8 were replaced in ipah4.5 by a unique set of 251 amino acids, generating two related proteins with variable and conserved sequences. the amino-terminal region of ... | 1991 | 1791758 |
| [the characteristics of the course of typhoid-paratyphoid diseases combined with acute dysentery]. | | 1991 | 1792774 |
| [plasmid analysis of antibiotic resistant shigella isolates]. | a correlation between the multiple drug resistance patterns and the plasmid profiles given by 70 clinical isolates of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri was investigated in this study. the most common plasmids were purified from different isolates by electroelution and characterized via restriction endonuclease digestions. | 1991 | 1795658 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1989]. | | 1991 | 1796165 |
| excretion of urinary enzymes in female sprague-dawley rats in relation to cellular compartment, creatinine excretion and diuresis. | one hundred and one young-adult female sprague-dawley rats were acclimatized to metabolic cages for 2 days. after that time 24-hour urine was collected at a constant cooling temperature of 0-4 degrees c. after gel filtration the enzyme activities were determined, and the resulting values were used to calculate 24-hour excretions. the following reference ranges (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) were determined (in mu/24 h): lactate dehydrogenase 43-181; phosphohexoseisomerase 45-1445; glutathione-s-tran ... | 1991 | 1797103 |
| excretion of urinary enzymes in female sprague-dawley rats in relation to cellular compartment, creatinine excretion and diuresis. | one hundred and one young-adult female sprague-dawley rats were acclimatized to metabolic cages for 2 days. after that time 24-hour urine was collected at a constant cooling temperature of 0-4 degrees c. after gel filtration the enzyme activities were determined, and the resulting values were used to calculate 24-hour excretions. the following reference ranges (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) were determined (in mu/24 h): lactate dehydrogenase 43-181; phosphohexoseisomerase 45-1445; glutathione-s-tran ... | 1991 | 1797103 |
| unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin pigments during perinatal development. iii. studies on serum of breast-fed and formula-fed neonates. | the process of conjugation and secretion of bilirubin was studied in a group of healthy, full-term, exclusively breast-fed newborns and a control group of exclusively formula-fed infants by means of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of bilirubins present in serum. the serum concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin, esterified bilirubin, and the proportion of diesterified bilirubin (as percent of esterified bilirubin) were not significantly different in breast- and ... | 1991 | 1797114 |
| unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin pigments during perinatal development. iii. studies on serum of breast-fed and formula-fed neonates. | the process of conjugation and secretion of bilirubin was studied in a group of healthy, full-term, exclusively breast-fed newborns and a control group of exclusively formula-fed infants by means of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of bilirubins present in serum. the serum concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin, esterified bilirubin, and the proportion of diesterified bilirubin (as percent of esterified bilirubin) were not significantly different in breast- and ... | 1991 | 1797114 |
| antitoxic properties of a preparation of glutathione s-transferase. | pretreatment of rats with a preparation of the cationic form of rat liver cytosolic glutathione s-transferase 1-3 h before injection of a dose of n-nitroso-n-diethylamine equivalent to the ld50 of the drug completely protects the animals against the toxic effects of the drug. the mechanism of the protective action of glutathione s-transferase is discussed. | 1991 | 1797146 |
| antitoxic properties of a preparation of glutathione s-transferase. | pretreatment of rats with a preparation of the cationic form of rat liver cytosolic glutathione s-transferase 1-3 h before injection of a dose of n-nitroso-n-diethylamine equivalent to the ld50 of the drug completely protects the animals against the toxic effects of the drug. the mechanism of the protective action of glutathione s-transferase is discussed. | 1991 | 1797146 |
| the sources of calcium for carbachol-induced contraction in the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach. | 1. the action of carbachol on the mechanical activity of circular muscle from guinea-pig upper stomach was studied. high concentrations of carbachol (e.g. 10(-4) m) produced a rapid phasic contraction followed by a smaller, sustained tonic contraction. low concentrations (e.g. 10(-7) m) caused a contraction which did not generally show marked distinction between phasic and tonic components. 2. the response to 10(-7) m carbachol was very sensitive to 10(-5) m nifedipine as was the phasic response ... | 1991 | 1797308 |
| the sources of calcium for carbachol-induced contraction in the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig stomach. | 1. the action of carbachol on the mechanical activity of circular muscle from guinea-pig upper stomach was studied. high concentrations of carbachol (e.g. 10(-4) m) produced a rapid phasic contraction followed by a smaller, sustained tonic contraction. low concentrations (e.g. 10(-7) m) caused a contraction which did not generally show marked distinction between phasic and tonic components. 2. the response to 10(-7) m carbachol was very sensitive to 10(-5) m nifedipine as was the phasic response ... | 1991 | 1797308 |
| structural investigations of glucans from cultures of glomerella cingulata spaulding & von schrenck. | methylation analysis, enzymic digestion, n.m.r. spectroscopy, and smith degradation showed that the major extracellular polysaccharide, isolated from cultures of the fungus glomerella cingulata, was a (1----3)-beta-d-glucan with side chains of 1-4 (1----3)-linked beta-d-glucose residues attached to position 6. a (1----6)-beta-d-glucan was produced by the fungus in small proportions. treatment of the (1----3,1----6)-beta-d-glucan (890,315) with greater than 0.05m naoh at greater than 150 degrees, ... | 1991 | 1797397 |
| structural investigations of glucans from cultures of glomerella cingulata spaulding & von schrenck. | methylation analysis, enzymic digestion, n.m.r. spectroscopy, and smith degradation showed that the major extracellular polysaccharide, isolated from cultures of the fungus glomerella cingulata, was a (1----3)-beta-d-glucan with side chains of 1-4 (1----3)-linked beta-d-glucose residues attached to position 6. a (1----6)-beta-d-glucan was produced by the fungus in small proportions. treatment of the (1----3,1----6)-beta-d-glucan (890,315) with greater than 0.05m naoh at greater than 150 degrees, ... | 1991 | 1797397 |
| role of faecal leucocytes in the diagnostic evaluation of acute diarrhoea. | the value of faecal leucocyte examination was assessed in 400 infants with acute diarrhoea and 40 normal healthy infants. enteropathogens were isolated from 28.75%. escherichia coli was the commonest (16.5%) followed by salmonella typhimurium (7%), vibrio cholerae (3.25%) and shigella flexneri (1.5%). exudative response was observed in 57.1% of stools with salmonella and 66.6% each with shigella and e.i.e.c. infections. 81.3%, 89.5% and 87.7% of stools from which epec and etec and no enteropatho ... | 1991 | 1797652 |
| serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates in singapore. | serogrouping of 506 shigella strains isolated in singapore from 1986 to 1990 showed that shigella flexneri (60.3%) was the most common, followed by s. sonnei (33.6%), s. boydii (3.2%) and s. dysenteriae (3%). of the 23 shigella serotypes identified, the predominant ones were s. flexneri types 2a and 1b, s. boydii types 1 and 5, and s. dysenteriae types 1 and 3. more than 80% of the shigella species were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, and the incidence of multiresistance was partic ... | 1991 | 1800565 |
| coincident recording and stimulation of single and multiple neuronal activity with one extracellular microelectrode. | this paper describes how an extracellular microelectrode may be used to stimulate neurons with brief, rectangular pulses and afterwards directly record the resultant activity. two obstacles are the stimulus artifact lingering in the electrical circuitry and transient tip potentials (ttps) arising from ion depletion at the electrode-tissue interface. electronic switching between the stimulus source and the recording amplifier eliminates direct stimulus artifact from the electrical circuitry, alth ... | 1991 | 1800855 |
| a fatal case associated with shigellosis and vibrio fluvialis bacteremia. | | 1991 | 1802539 |
| the immunobiology of mycoplasma arthritidis and its superantigen mam. | | 1991 | 1802617 |
| the immunobiology of mycoplasma arthritidis and its superantigen mam. | | 1991 | 1802617 |
| transient activation of 1-o-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: acetyl-coa acetyltransferase during the incubation of macrophages. | the activity of the platelet-activating factor (paf)-synthesizing enzyme, 1-o-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lysopaf):acetyl-coa acetyltransferase (ec 2.3.1.67) in alveolar macrophage lysate was found to be elevated after warming the cells to 37 degrees c. such an increase in enzyme activity was detectable only when intact cells were warmed. the stimulation was transient, reaching a peak at 2 min, and then gradually decreased to the control level. we could not find increased paf formation in ... | 1991 | 1805090 |
| technological aspect of the production of live dysentery vaccines for oral administration. | an experimental technology for the production of live freeze-dried vaccines prepared from attenuated shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i strains was developed. it is based on the cultivation of bacterial strains in a fermentor under conditions which ensure high yields. the strains grow in s-form, their antigenic structure is preserved and they remain non-virulent. the attenuating markers are stable. the freeze-dried vaccines retain good immunogenicity when applied intra-intestinally to ra ... | 1991 | 1805499 |
| changing antibiotic sensitivity patterns in shigellosis. | over five and a half months stool cultures were performed in 154 patients admitted with suspected bacillary dysentery to the professorial paediatric unit of the teaching hospital, galle. thirty one patients had a positive stool culture; shigella dysenteriae type 1 was isolated in 23 patients, and s flexneri in 8. in both groups the antibiotic sensitivity pattern was uniform, the only difference being s dysenteriae type 1 being resistant to nalidixic acid while s flexneri was sensitive. this anti ... | 1991 | 1807844 |
| neonatal shigellosis. | | 1991 | 1808054 |
| milk secretory iga related to shigella virulence antigens. | 20 mexico city and 23 houston, texas colostrum samples, and 21 mexican and 25 houston mature milk samples were analyzed by elisa and western blot, respectively, for antibodies against the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain m9ot. the method involved comparing water extracts of milk in elisa and western blot determinations of antigens against shigella flexneri strain m9ot which is fully virulent, to those against m9ot a2 which lacks the virulence plasmid. while there are at ... | 1991 | 1809012 |