| dentipain, a streptococcus pyogenes ides protease homolog, is a novel virulence factor of treponema denticola. | treponema denticola is a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis. analysis of the t. denticola genome revealed a gene orthologous with a cysteine protease-encoding gene from streptococcus pyogenes (ides). ides interferes with igg-dependent opsonophagocytosis by specific cleavage of igg molecules. analysis of this gene (termed idet) revealed it to encode a two-domain protein whose n-terminus is composed of tandem immunoglobulin-like domains followed by a c-terminal ides-like protease domain. in t ... | 2010 | 20635859 |
| "gum bug, leave my heart alone!"--epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence linking periodontal infections and atherosclerosis. | evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests that periodontal infections are independently associated with subclinical and clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease. although the strength of the reported associations is modest, the consistency of the data across diverse populations and a variety of exposure and outcome variables suggests that the findings are not spurious or attributable only to the effects of confounders. analysis of limited data from interventional studies suggests that period ... | 2010 | 20639510 |
| espp, a serine protease of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, impairs complement activation by cleaving complement factors c3/c3b and c5. | hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) is a life-threatening disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency. it is caused mainly by infections with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec). recently, shiga toxin 2, the best-studied virulence factor of ehec, was reported to interact with complement, implying that complement may be involved in the pathogenesis of ehec-induced hus. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the serine protease es ... | 2010 | 20643852 |
| examination of periodontal pathogens in stenotic valve specimens and in whole blood samples in patients affected by aortic valve stenosis and chronic periodontitis. | periodontitis may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. the influence of periodontal pathogens in cardiovascular diseases needs further investigation. therefore, the aims of this clinical study are: to test the presence of periodontal bacteria dna in aortic valves and to assess the concomitant presence of the same periodontal bacteria dna in whole blood samples in patients affected by aortic valve stenosis and chronic periodontitis. nineteen consecutive patients (12 ma ... | 2010 | 20646351 |
| 16s rrna-based detection of oral pathogens in coronary atherosclerotic plaque. | atherosclerosis develops as a response of the vessel wall to injury. chronic bacterial infections have been associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. the ability of oral pathogens to colonize in coronary atheromatous plaque is well known. | 2010 | 20657096 |
| characterization of the normal bacterial flora in peri-implant sulci of partially and completely edentulous patients. | to characterize the normal bacterial flora and evaluate the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria around dental implants and to correlate them with the periodontal flora or, in completely edentulous patients, the alveolar gingival flora. | 2010 | 20657863 |
| the ability of the bana test to detect different levels of p. gingivalis, t. denticola and t. forsythia. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the bana test to detect different levels of porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia or their combinations in subgingival samples at the initial diagnosis and after periodontal therapy. periodontal sites with probing depths between 5-7 mm and clinical attachment level between 5-10 mm, from 53 subjects with chronic periodontitis, were sampled in four periods: initial diagnosis (t0), immediately (t1), 45 (t2) and 60 ... | 2010 | 20658043 |
| [association between phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia and periodontopathic bacteria in institutionalized patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities]. | the association between phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia (pigh) and five major periodontopathic bacteria was investigated by real-time pcr in 12 subjects (30.6 +/- 7.95 years of age) with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. the subjects had not received antibiotics or periodontal therapy within three months. a healthy gingival site or a site with the lowest gingival hyperplasia score (minimum site), and a site with the maximum score of gingival hyperplasia (maximum site) on each su ... | 2010 | 20662307 |
| td92, an outer membrane protein of treponema denticola, induces osteoclastogenesis via prostaglandin e(2)-mediated rankl/osteoprotegerin regulation. | periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium that causes significant alveolar bone loss. osteoclasts are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells. osteoblasts regulate osteoclast differentiation by expression of rankl and osteoprotegerin (opg). td92 is a surface-exposed outer membrane protein of treponema denticola, a periodontopathogen. although it has been demonstrated that td92 acts as a stimulator of various proinflammatory mediators, the role of td92 in alveolar bone resor ... | 2010 | 20682013 |
| relationship between oral status and prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria on the tongues of elderly individuals. | colonization of periodontopathic bacteria is associated with increased risk of systemic diseases. however, few studies have investigated the relationships between oral status factors and health-related quality of life (hr-qol) and the prevalence of such bacteria in elderly individuals. this study investigated the prevalence of porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia in 165 community-dwelling functionally independent 85-year-old japanese indiv ... | 2010 | 20688951 |
| a simplified erythromycin resistance cassette for treponema denticola mutagenesis. | the primary selectable marker for the genetic studies of treponema denticola is a hybrid gene cassette containing both ermf and ermam (ermb) genes. ermb functions in escherichia coli, while ermf has been assumed to confer resistance in t. denticola. we demonstrate here that ermb is sufficient for erythromycin selection in t. denticola and that the native ermb promoter drives ermb expression. | 2010 | 20691222 |
| dichotomy of gingipains action as virulence factors: from cleaving substrates with the precision of a surgeon's knife to a meat chopper-like brutal degradation of proteins. | | 2010 | 20712631 |
| contribution of porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide to periodontitis. | | 2010 | 20712633 |
| virulence mechanisms of tannerella forsythia. | | 2010 | 20712636 |
| virulence factors of treponema denticola. | | 2010 | 20712637 |
| periodontal innate immune mechanisms relevant to atherosclerosis and obesity. | | 2010 | 20712641 |
| antigenic activity of bacterial endodontic contents from primary root canal infection with periapical lesions against macrophage in the release of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha. | periradicular tissue chronic stimulation by endotoxin may cause apical periodontitis. this study investigated the microbial profile and the levels of endotoxin found in primary root canal infection with apical periodontitis, determined their antigenicity against macrophages through the levels of interleukin (il)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), and evaluated their relationship with clinical and radiographic findings. | 2010 | 20728711 |
| selective substitution of amino acids limits proteolytic cleavage and improves the bioactivity of an anti-biofilm peptide that targets the periodontal pathogen, porphyromonas gingivalis. | the interaction of the periodontal pathogen, porphyromonas gingivalis, with oral streptococci such as streptococcus gordonii precedes colonization of the subgingival pocket and represents a target for limiting p. gingivalis colonization of the oral cavity. previous studies showed that a synthetic peptide (designated bar) derived from the antigen i/ii protein of s. gordonii was a potent competitive inhibitor of p. gingivalis adherence to s. gordonii and subsequent biofilm formation. here we show ... | 2010 | 20800634 |
| effect of khat chewing on periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilm from chronic periodontitis patients. | existing in vitro and in vivo data suggest that khat may have a favorable effect on periodontal microbiota. the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of khat chewing on major periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque samples from subjects with chronic periodontitis. | 2010 | 20816745 |
| functional characterization of the incomplete phosphotransferase system (pts) of the intracellular pathogen brucella melitensis. | in many bacteria, the phosphotransferase system (pts) is a key player in the regulation of the assimilation of alternative carbon sources notably through catabolic repression. the intracellular pathogens brucella spp. possess four pts proteins (eintr, npr, eiiantr and an eiia of the mannose family) but no pts permease suggesting that this pts might serve only regulatory functions. | 2010 | 20844759 |
| cellular architecture of treponema pallidum: novel flagellum, periplasmic cone, and cell envelope as revealed by cryo electron tomography. | high-resolution cryo electron tomography (cryo-et) was utilized to visualize treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, at the molecular level. three-dimensional (3d) reconstructions from 304 infectious organisms revealed unprecedented cellular structures of this unusual member of the spirochetal family. high-resolution cryo-et reconstructions provided detailed structures of the cell envelope, which is significantly different from that of gram-negative bacteria. the 4-nm lipid bilayer ... | 2010 | 20850455 |
| clonal analysis of the microbiota of severe early childhood caries. | severe early childhood caries is a microbial infection that severely compromises the dentition of young children. the aim of this study was to characterize the microbiota of severe early childhood caries. | 2010 | 20861633 |
| surface immunolabeling and consensus computational framework to identify candidate rare outer membrane proteins of treponema pallidum. | treponema pallidum reacts poorly with the antibodies present in rabbit and human syphilitic sera, a property attributed to the paucity of proteins in its outer membrane. to better understand the basis for the syphilis spirochete's "stealth pathogenicity," we used a dual-label, 3-step amplified assay in which treponemes encapsulated in gel microdroplets were probed with syphilitic sera in parallel with anti-flaa antibodies. a small (approximately 5 to 10%) but reproducible fraction of intact trep ... | 2010 | 20876295 |
| investigation of subgingival profile of periodontopathic bacteria using polymerase chain reaction. | periodontopathic bacteria such as porphyromonas gingivalis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, tannerella forsythia, campylobacter rectus and treponema denticola play an important role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal clinical parameters and the subgingival profile of periodontopathic bacteria. twenty-six periodontitis patients (23-62 years of age; mean age, 40.2±13.2) with no systemic disea ... | 2010 | 20877160 |
| tannerella forsythia infection-induced calvarial bone and soft tissue transcriptional profiles. | tannerella forsythia is associated with subgingival biofilms in adult periodontitis, although the molecular mechanisms contributing to chronic inflammation and loss of periodontal bone remain unclear. we examined changes in the host transcriptional profiles during a t. forsythia infection using a murine calvarial model of inflammation and bone resorption. tannerella forsythia was injected into the subcutaneous soft tissue over calvariae of balb/c mice for 3 days, after which the soft tissues and ... | 2010 | 20883221 |
| using dgge profiling to develop a novel culture medium suitable for oral microbial communities. | more than 700 bacterial species have been detected in the human oral cavity. they form highly organized microbial communities and are responsible for many oral infectious diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. the prevention and treatment of these diseases require a comprehensive knowledge of oral microbial communities, which largely relies on culture-dependent methods to provide detailed phenotypic and physiological analysis of these communities. however, most of the currently ... | 2010 | 20883224 |
| an update on periodontic-orthodontic interrelationships. | talking about periodontic-orthodontic interrelationships is related primarily to the 1960s, where a generalized increase in salivary bacterial counts, especially lactobacillus, had been shown after orthodontic band placement. the purpose of this article is to provide the dental practitioner with basic understanding of the interrelationship between periodontics and orthodontics by means of representing classical studies, and, to give an update on this topic by demonstrating the most recent opinio ... | 2010 | 20922083 |
| potential of the tannerella forsythia s-layer to delay the immune response. | the periodontal pathogen tannerella forsythia possesses a glycosylated s-layer as an outermost cell decoration. while the s-layer provides a selection advantage to the bacterium in the natural habitat, its virulence potential remains to be investigated. in the present study, the immune responses of human macrophages and gingival fibroblasts upon stimulation with wild-type t. forsythia and an s-layer-deficient mutant were investigated. the mrna expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators ... | 2010 | 20929722 |
| potential of the tannerella forsythia s-layer to delay the immune response. | the periodontal pathogen tannerella forsythia possesses a glycosylated s-layer as an outermost cell decoration. while the s-layer provides a selection advantage to the bacterium in the natural habitat, its virulence potential remains to be investigated. in the present study, the immune responses of human macrophages and gingival fibroblasts upon stimulation with wild-type t. forsythia and an s-layer-deficient mutant were investigated. the mrna expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators ... | 2010 | 20929722 |
| virulence factors of the oral spirochete treponema denticola. | there is compelling evidence that treponemes are involved in the etiology of several chronic diseases, including chronic periodontitis as well as other forms of periodontal disease. there are interesting parallels with other chronic diseases caused by treponemes that may indicate similar virulence characteristics. chronic periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease, and recent animal studies indicate that co-infection of treponema denticola with other periodontal pathogens can enhance alveolar bone ... | 2010 | 20940357 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction of "red complex" (porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola) in periradicular abscesses. | the red complex bacteria (porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola) have been implicated, either singly or in combination, in the development of various forms of periodontal diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of "red complex" in acute periradicular abscesses by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method. | 2010 | 20955954 |
| hemagglutinin/adhesin domains of porphyromonas gingivalis play key roles in coaggregation with treponema denticola. | porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola are major pathogens of periodontal disease. coaggregation between microorganisms plays a key role in the colonization of the gingival crevice and the organization of periodontopathic biofilms. we investigated the involvement of surface ligands of p. gingivalis in coaggregation. two triple mutants of p. gingivalis lacking arg-gingipain a (rgpa), lys-gingipain (kgp) and hemagglutinin a (haga) or rgpa, arg-gingipain b (rgpb) and kgp showed significan ... | 2010 | 21039921 |
| characterization of a novel family of fibronectin-binding proteins with m23 peptidase domains from treponema denticola. | interactions with fibronectin are important in the virulence strategies of a range of disease-related bacteria. the periodontitis-associated oral spirochaete treponema denticola expresses at least two fibronectin-binding proteins, designated msp (major surface protein) and oppa (oligopeptide-binding protein homologue). to identify other t. denticola outer membrane fibronectin-binding proteins, the amino acid sequence of the treponema pallidum fibronectin-binding protein tp0155 was used to survey ... | 2010 | 21040511 |
| transcriptional profiles of treponema denticola in response to environmental conditions. | the periodontal pathogen t. denticola resides in a stressful environment rife with challenges, the human oral cavity. knowledge of the stress response capabilities of this invasive spirochete is currently very limited. whole genome expression profiles in response to different suspected stresses including heat shock, osmotic downshift, oxygen and blood exposure were examined. most of the genes predicted to encode conserved heat shock proteins (hsps) were found to be induced under heat and oxygen ... | 2010 | 21048920 |
| early bacterial colonization and soft tissue health around zirconia and titanium abutments: an in vivo study in man. | aim: to compare the early bacterial colonization and soft tissue health of mucosa adjacent to zirconia (zro(2) ) and titanium (ti) abutment surfaces in vivo. materials and methods: twenty edentulous subjects received two endosseous mandibular implants. the implants were fitted with either a zro(2) or a ti abutment (non-submerged implant placement, within-subject comparison, left-right randomization). sulcular bacterial sampling and the assessment of probing pocket depth, recession and bleeding o ... | 2010 | 21054554 |
| characterization of novel bovine gastrointestinal tract treponema isolates and comparison with bovine digital dermatitis treponemes. | this study aimed to isolate and characterize treponemes present in the bovine gastrointestinal (gi) tract and compare them with bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) treponemes. seven spirochete isolates were obtained from the bovine gi tract, which, on the basis of 16s rrna gene comparisons, clustered within the genus treponema as four novel phylotypes. one phylotype was isolated from several different gi tract regions, including the omasum, colon, rumen, and rectum. these four phylotypes could be di ... | 2010 | 21057019 |
| characterization of novel bovine gastrointestinal tract treponema isolates and comparison with bovine digital dermatitis treponemes. | this study aimed to isolate and characterize treponemes present in the bovine gastrointestinal (gi) tract and compare them with bovine digital dermatitis (bdd) treponemes. seven spirochete isolates were obtained from the bovine gi tract, which, on the basis of 16s rrna gene comparisons, clustered within the genus treponema as four novel phylotypes. one phylotype was isolated from several different gi tract regions, including the omasum, colon, rumen, and rectum. these four phylotypes could be di ... | 2010 | 21057019 |
| targeting selenium metabolism and selenoproteins: novel avenues for drug discovery. | selenoproteins play a wide range of roles in metabolism and oxidative stress defense and are produced by organisms in all three domains of life. recent evidence has been presented that metal based cancer drugs target the selenol nucleophile of the active site selenocysteine in thioredoxin reductase isoenzymes. other metals and metalloids, such as tin, arsenic and gold, have also recently been shown to form stable complexes with hydrogen selenide, a required precursor for the synthesis of selenop ... | 2010 | 21069141 |
| systemic inflammatory responses in progressing periodontitis during pregnancy in a baboon model. | this study tested the hypothesis that pregnant female baboons exhibit increased levels of various inflammatory mediators in serum resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis, and that these profiles would relate to periodontal disease severity/extent in the animals. the animals were sampled at baseline (b), mid-pregnancy (mp; two quadrants ligated) and at delivery (d; four quadrants ligated). all baboons developed increased plaque, gingival inflammation and bleeding, pocket depths and attachme ... | 2010 | 21070210 |
| polybacterial challenge enhances hiv reactivation in latently infected macrophages and dendritic cells. | a polymicrobial infection comprising subgingival biofilms is the trigger for the chronic immunoinflammatory lesions of periodontitis. these microbial biofilms interface with host immune cells that increase with progressing disease and could result in hiv reactivation in hiv-1-infected patients. previous reports have focused on the ability of monospecies challenge of macrophages and dendritic cells to detail molecular aspects of their detection and signalling pathways. this study provides a semin ... | 2010 | 21073452 |
| microbiota of deciduous endodontic infections analysed by mda and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization. | to evaluate the microbiota of endodontic infections in deciduous teeth by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization after uniform amplification of dna in samples by multiple displacement amplification (mda). | 2010 | 21083570 |
| microbiota of deciduous endodontic infections analysed by mda and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization. | to evaluate the microbiota of endodontic infections in deciduous teeth by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization after uniform amplification of dna in samples by multiple displacement amplification (mda). | 2010 | 21083570 |
| the effect of a single episode of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of experimental periodontitis. microbiological profile and cytokine pattern in the dog mandible. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) on microbiological profile and cytokine pattern in dogs. periodontal disease was induced by placing 3.0 silk ligatures around the mandibular pre-molars bilaterally during 8 weeks. the dogs were randomly treated with apdt using a dye/laser system, scaling and root planning (srp), or with the association of treatments (srp + apdt). plaque samples were collected at baseline, 1, ... | 2010 | 21086009 |
| integrating '-omics' and natural product discovery platforms to investigate metabolic exchange in microbiomes. | the microbiome is an abundance of microorganisms within a host (e.g. human microbiome). these microorganisms produce small molecules and metabolites that have been shown to affect and dictate the physiology of an individual. functional knowledge of these molecules, often produced for communication or defense, will reveal the interplay between microbes and host in health and disease. the vast diversity in structure and function of microbiome-associated small molecules necessitate tools that will ... | 2010 | 21087892 |
| integrating '-omics' and natural product discovery platforms to investigate metabolic exchange in microbiomes. | the microbiome is an abundance of microorganisms within a host (e.g. human microbiome). these microorganisms produce small molecules and metabolites that have been shown to affect and dictate the physiology of an individual. functional knowledge of these molecules, often produced for communication or defense, will reveal the interplay between microbes and host in health and disease. the vast diversity in structure and function of microbiome-associated small molecules necessitate tools that will ... | 2010 | 21087892 |
| one-stage full-mouth disinfection as a therapeutic approach for generalized aggressive periodontitis. | background: data concerning treatment outcomes in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (gagp) are limited. the aim of this study is to investigate 6-month clinical and microbiologic outcomes of the one-stage full-mouth disinfection (osfmd) in the management of patients with gagp. methods: twenty-seven patients with advanced gagp were included in this prospective follow-up intervention study. clinical and microbiologic parameters were collected at baseline and 3 and 6 months after t ... | 2010 | 21091345 |
| periodontal pathogens interfere with quorum-sensing-dependent virulence properties in streptococcus mutans. | the mechanism by which periodontal pathogens dominate at disease sites is not yet understood. one possibility is that these late colonizers antagonize the quorum-sensing systems of early colonizers and render those early colonizers less resistant to environmental factors. in this study, we utilized streptococcus mutans, a well-documented oral streptococcus with many quorum-sensing-dependent properties, as an example of an earlier colonizer antagonized by periodontal pathogens. | 2010 | 21108642 |
| the treponema denticola chymotrypsin-like protease dentilisin induces matrix metalloproteinase-2-dependent fibronectin fragmentation in periodontal ligament cells. | periodontal disease is a bacterially mediated chronic inflammatory disease that results in destruction of the periodontal ligament (pdl) and alveolar bone that surround and support the dentition. while their precise roles are not well understood, periodontal pathogens, including treponema denticola, are believed to initiate the destructive inflammatory responses and dysregulation of tissue homeostasis that characterize the disease. these responses are believed to result from both proinflammatory ... | 2010 | 21115719 |
| antialarmin effect of tick saliva during the transmission of lyme disease. | tick saliva has potent immunomodulatory properties. in arthropod-borne diseases, this effect is largely used by microorganisms to increase their pathogenicity and to evade host immune responses. we show that in lyme borreliosis, tick salivary gland extract and a tick saliva protein, salp15, inhibit in vitro keratinocyte inflammation induced by borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto or by the major outer surface lipoprotein of borrelia, ospc. chemokines (interleukin-8 [il-8] and monocyte chemoattract ... | 2010 | 21134970 |
| antialarmin effect of tick saliva during the transmission of lyme disease. | tick saliva has potent immunomodulatory properties. in arthropod-borne diseases, this effect is largely used by microorganisms to increase their pathogenicity and to evade host immune responses. we show that in lyme borreliosis, tick salivary gland extract and a tick saliva protein, salp15, inhibit in vitro keratinocyte inflammation induced by borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto or by the major outer surface lipoprotein of borrelia, ospc. chemokines (interleukin-8 [il-8] and monocyte chemoattract ... | 2010 | 21134970 |
| the central region of the msp gene of treponema denticola has sequence heterogeneity among clinical samples, obtained from patients with periodontitis. | treponema denticola is an oral spirochete involved in the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease. of its virulence factors, the major surface protein (msp) plays a role in the interaction between the treponeme and host. to understand the possible evolution of this protein, we analyzed the sequence of the msp gene in 17 t. denticola positive clinical samples. | 2010 | 21138575 |
| community signalling between streptococcus gordonii and porphyromonas gingivalis is controlled by the transcriptional regulator cdhr. | interspecies signalling between porphyromonas gingivalis and streptococcus gordonii serves to constrain development of dual species communities. contact with s. gordonii propagates a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signal within p. gingivalis that culminates in reduced transcription of adhesin and signalling genes. here we demonstrate the involvement of the p. gingivalis orphan luxr family transcription factor pgn_1373, which we designate cdhr, in this control pathway. expression of cdhr is e ... | 2010 | 21143321 |
| comparison of real-time polymerase chain reaction and dna-strip technology in microbiological evaluation of periodontitis treatment. | the impact of a semiquantitative commercially available test based on dna-strip technology (microident®, hain lifescience, nehren, germany) on diagnosis and treatment of severe chronic periodontitis of 25 periodontitis patients was evaluated in comparison with a quantitative in-house real-time pcr. subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline as well as at 3, 6, and 12 months later. after extracting dna, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsyth ... | 2011 | 21146709 |
| bifunctional role of the treponema pallidum extracellular matrix binding adhesin tp0751. | treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a highly invasive pathogenic spirochete capable of attaching to host cells, invading the tissue barrier, and undergoing rapid widespread dissemination via the circulatory system. the t. pallidum adhesin tp0751 was previously shown to bind laminin, the most abundant component of the basement membrane, suggesting a role for this adhesin in host tissue colonization and bacterial dissemination. we hypothesized that similar to that of other inva ... | 2010 | 21149586 |
| bifunctional role of the treponema pallidum extracellular matrix binding adhesin tp0751. | treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a highly invasive pathogenic spirochete capable of attaching to host cells, invading the tissue barrier, and undergoing rapid widespread dissemination via the circulatory system. the t. pallidum adhesin tp0751 was previously shown to bind laminin, the most abundant component of the basement membrane, suggesting a role for this adhesin in host tissue colonization and bacterial dissemination. we hypothesized that similar to that of other inva ... | 2010 | 21149586 |
| [detection of putative periodontal pathogens of periodontitis with type 2 diabetes]. | to detect the putative periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of chronic periodontitis (cp) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (dm) and to discuss the role of the periodontal pathogens in the cp and type 2 dm patients. | 2010 | 21163008 |
| the structure of the catalytic domain of tannerella forsythia karilysin reveals it is a bacterial xenologue of animal matrix metalloproteinases. | metallopeptidases (mps) are among virulence factors secreted by pathogenic bacteria at the site of infection. one such pathogen is tannerella forsythia, a member of the microbial consortium that causes peridontitis, arguably the most prevalent infective chronic inflammatory disease known to mankind. the only reported mp secreted by t. forsythia is karilysin, a 52 kda multidomain protein comprising a central 18 kda catalytic domain (cd), termed kly18, flanked by domains unrelated to any known pro ... | 2010 | 21166898 |
| the structure of the catalytic domain of tannerella forsythia karilysin reveals it is a bacterial xenologue of animal matrix metalloproteinases. | metallopeptidases (mps) are among virulence factors secreted by pathogenic bacteria at the site of infection. one such pathogen is tannerella forsythia, a member of the microbial consortium that causes peridontitis, arguably the most prevalent infective chronic inflammatory disease known to mankind. the only reported mp secreted by t. forsythia is karilysin, a 52 kda multidomain protein comprising a central 18 kda catalytic domain (cd), termed kly18, flanked by domains unrelated to any known pro ... | 2010 | 21166898 |
| a novel cdsab operon is involved in the uptake of l-cysteine and participates in the pathogenesis of yersinia ruckeri. | application of in vivo expression technology (ivet) to yersinia ruckeri, an important fish pathogen, allowed the identification of two adjacent genes that represent a novel bacterial system involved in the uptake and degradation of l-cysteine. analysis of the translational products of both genes showed permease domains (open reading frame 1 [orf1]) and amino acid position identities (orf2) with the l-cysteine desulfidase from methanocaldococcus jannaschii, a new type of enzyme involved in the br ... | 2010 | 21169490 |
| a novel cdsab operon is involved in the uptake of l-cysteine and participates in the pathogenesis of yersinia ruckeri. | application of in vivo expression technology (ivet) to yersinia ruckeri, an important fish pathogen, allowed the identification of two adjacent genes that represent a novel bacterial system involved in the uptake and degradation of l-cysteine. analysis of the translational products of both genes showed permease domains (open reading frame 1 [orf1]) and amino acid position identities (orf2) with the l-cysteine desulfidase from methanocaldococcus jannaschii, a new type of enzyme involved in the br ... | 2010 | 21169490 |
| responses of human endothelial cells to pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospira species. | leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic infection that primarily affects residents of tropical regions, but causes infections in animals and humans in temperate regions as well. the agents of leptospirosis comprise several members of the genus leptospira, which also includes non-pathogenic, saprophytic species. leptospirosis can vary in severity from a mild, non-specific illness to severe disease that includes multi-organ failure and widespread endothelial damage and hemorrhage. to begin to inves ... | 2010 | 21179504 |
| upregulation of metc is essential for d-alanine-independent growth of an alr/dadx-deficient escherichia coli strain. | d-alanine is a central component of the cell wall in most prokaryotes. d-alanine synthesis in escherichia coli is carried out by two different alanine racemases encoded by the alr and dadx genes. deletion of alr and dadx from the e. coli genome results in a d-alanine auxotrophic phenotype. however, we have observed growth of prototrophic phenotypic revertants during routine culturing of a d-alanine auxotrophic strain. we present a detailed comparison of the proteome and transcriptome profiles of ... | 2010 | 21193606 |
| upregulation of metc is essential for d-alanine-independent growth of an alr/dadx-deficient escherichia coli strain. | d-alanine is a central component of the cell wall in most prokaryotes. d-alanine synthesis in escherichia coli is carried out by two different alanine racemases encoded by the alr and dadx genes. deletion of alr and dadx from the e. coli genome results in a d-alanine auxotrophic phenotype. however, we have observed growth of prototrophic phenotypic revertants during routine culturing of a d-alanine auxotrophic strain. we present a detailed comparison of the proteome and transcriptome profiles of ... | 2010 | 21193606 |
| use of quantitative pcr to evaluate methods of bacteria sampling in periodontal patients. | periodontal disease is associated with specific periodontal pathogens and may persist as gingivitis or progress to more severe disease. the bacteria involved in disease initiation and progression have not been identified. we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to compare the levels of porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola, and total bacteria detected by different sampling methods. on the basis of the results of clinical examinations, 57 patients we ... | 2010 | 21206165 |
| effect of smoking on subgingival microflora of patients with periodontitis in japan. | smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis. to clarify the contribution of smoking to periodontitis, it is essential to assess the relationship between smoking and the subgingival microflora. the aim of this study was to gain an insight into the influence of smoking on the microflora of japanese patients with periodontitis. | 2011 | 21208407 |
| genome analysis of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum and subsp. pertenue strains: most of the genetic differences are localized in six regions. | the genomes of eight treponemes including t. p. pallidum strains (nichols, ss14, dal-1 and mexico a), t. p. pertenue strains (samoa d, cdc-2 and gauthier), and the fribourg-blanc isolate, were amplified in 133 overlapping amplicons, and the restriction patterns of these fragments were compared. the approximate sizes of the genomes investigated based on this whole genome fingerprinting (wgf) analysis ranged from 1139.3-1140.4 kb, with the estimated genome sequence identity of 99.57-99.98% in the ... | 2010 | 21209953 |
| identification of periodontal pathogens and severity of periodontitis in patients with and without chronic kidney disease. | in this study of patients with chronic periodontitis (cp), the severity of the disease and the main periodontal pathogens identified in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd) were compared with those detected in individuals without systemic disease. | 2011 | 21211789 |
| comparison of gingival crevicular fluid sampling methods in patients with severe chronic periodontitis. | the analysis of samplings from periodontal pockets is important in the diagnosis and therapy of periodontitis. in this study, three different sampling techniques were compared to determine whether one method yielded samples suitable for the reproducible and simultaneous determination of bacterial load, cytokines, neutrophil elastase, and arginine-specific gingipains (rgps). rgps are an important virulence factor of porphyromonas gingivalis, the exact concentration of which in gingival crevicular ... | 2011 | 21235330 |
| epigenetic regulation of human β-defensin 2 and cc chemokine ligand 20 expression in gingival epithelial cells in response to oral bacteria. | gingival epithelia utilize multiple signaling pathways to regulate innate immune responses to various oral bacteria, but little is understood about how these bacteria alter epithelial epigenetic status. in this study we report that dna methyltransferase (dnmt1) and histone deacetylase expression were decreased in gingival epithelial cells treated with oral pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis and nonpathogen fusobacterium nucleatum. pretreatment with trichostatin a and sodium butyrate, which increa ... | 2011 | 21248725 |
| prognosis of periodontitis recurrence after intensive periodontal treatment using examination of serum igg antibody titer against periodontal bacteria. | chronic periodontitis is associated with systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis. in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of serum igg antibody titer to periodontal bacteria for prognosis of periodontitis recurrence during supportive periodontal therapy (spt) phase. the 139 patients during spt phase were selected and divided to two groups as follows: "stable" and "recurrence" group at spt phase for case-control study: "high igg titer" and "normal igg titer" group before transition to spt phas ... | 2011 | 21254239 |
| a selenium-dependent xanthine dehydrogenase triggers biofilm proliferation in enterococcus faecalis through oxidant production. | selenium has been shown to be present as a labile cofactor in a small class of molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes in several species of clostridia that specialize in the fermentation of purines and pyrimidines. this labile cofactor is poorly understood, yet recent bioinformatic studies have suggested that enterococcus faecalis could serve as a model system to better understand the way in which this enzyme cofactor is built and the role of these metalloenzymes in the physiology of the organism. an mr ... | 2011 | 21257770 |
| molecular survey of atheromatous plaques for the presence of dna from periodontal bacterial pathogens, archaea and fungi. | chronic infections, such as periodontitis, have been associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. the mechanisms through which this occurs have yet to be elucidated. this study was carried out to detect periodontopathic bacteria as well as archaea and fungi in atheromatous plaques and search for factors associated with their occurrence in atheromas. | 2011 | 21261623 |
| polymicrobial infection with periodontal pathogens specifically enhances microrna mir-146a in apoe-/- mice during experimental periodontal disease. | porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia are periodontal pathogens associated with the etiology of adult periodontitis as polymicrobial infections. recent studies demonstrated that oral infection with p. gingivalis induces both periodontal disease and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic and proatherogenic apoe(-/-) mice. in this study, we explored the expression of micrornas (mirnas) in maxillas (periodontium) and spleens isolated from apoe(-/-) mice infected with p. ... | 2011 | 21263019 |
| a new highly conserved antibiotic sensing/resistance pathway in firmicutes involves an abc transporter interplaying with a signal transduction system. | signal transduction systems and abc transporters often contribute jointly to adaptive bacterial responses to environmental changes. in bacillus subtilis, three such pairs are involved in responses to antibiotics: bcersab, yvcpqrs and yxdjklm. they are characterized by a histidine kinase belonging to the intramembrane sensing kinase family and by a translocator possessing an unusually large extracytoplasmic loop. it was established here using a phylogenomic approach that systems of this kind are ... | 2011 | 21283517 |
| smoking and periodontal disease: discrimination of antibody responses to pathogenic and commensal oral bacteria. | smoking is an independent risk factor for the initiation, extent and severity of periodontal disease. this study examined the ability of the host immune system to discriminate commensal oral bacteria from pathogens at mucosal surfaces, i.e. oral cavity. serum immunoglobulin (ig)g antibody reactive with three pathogenic and five commensal oral bacteria in 301 current smokers (age range 21-66 years) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. clinical features of periodontal health were us ... | 2011 | 21303363 |
| mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides small colony" to "capri". a microevolutionary perspective. | the mycoplasma mycoides cluster consists of five species or subspecies that are ruminant pathogens. one subspecies, mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (mmmsc), is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. its very close relative, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (mmc), is a more ubiquitous pathogen in small ruminants causing mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, pneumonia and septicaemia and is also found as saprophyte in the ear canal. to understand the genetics unde ... | 2011 | 21324191 |
| animal models for periodontal disease. | animal models and cell cultures have contributed new knowledge in biological sciences, including periodontology. although cultured cells can be used to study physiological processes that occur during the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the complex host response fundamentally responsible for this disease cannot be reproduced in vitro. among the animal kingdom, rodents, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and nonhuman primates have been used to model human periodontitis, each with advantages and disadvantages. pe ... | 2011 | 21331345 |
| beta-defensins: what are they really doing in the oral cavity? | oral diseases (2011) 17, 628-635 initially identified as broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, the members of the ß-defensin family have increasingly been observed to exhibit numerous other activities, both in vitro and in vivo, that do not always relate directly to host defense. much research has been carried out in the oral cavity, where the presence of commensal bacteria further complicates the definition of their role. in addition to direct antimicrobial activity, ß-defensins exhibit potent ... | 2011 | 21332602 |
| short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms. | this study assessed the antibacterial activity of short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids against various oral microorganisms. | 2011 | 21333271 |
| effect of teenage smoking on the prevalence of periodontal bacteria. | the aim of our study was to investigate how teenage smoking affects the prevalence of periodontal bacteria and periodontal health with the hypothesis that smoking increases the prevalence of the bacteria. oral health of 264 adolescents (15- to 16-year-olds) was clinically examined, and their smoking history was recorded. the participants also filled in a structured questionnaire recording their general health and health habits. pooled subgingival plaque samples were taken for polymerase chain re ... | 2011 | 21340603 |
| rna-oligonucleotide quantification technique (roqt) for the enumeration of uncultivated bacterial species in subgingival biofilms. | approximately 35% of the species present in subgingival biofilms are as yet uncultivated, so their role in periodontal pathogenesis is unknown. the aim of the present study was to develop a high throughput method to quantify a wide range of cultivated and uncultivated taxa in subgingival biofilm samples associated with periodontal disease or health. oligonucleotides targeting the 16s ribosomal dna gene were designed, synthesized and labeled with digoxigenin. these probes were hybridized with the ... | 2011 | 21375703 |
| identification of the primary mechanism of complement evasion by the periodontal pathogen, treponema denticola. | treponema denticola, a periodontal pathogen, binds the complement regulatory protein factor h (fh). factor h binding protein b (fhbb) is the sole fh binding protein produced by t. denticola. the interaction of fhbb with fh is unique in that fh is bound to the cell and then cleaved by the t. denticola protease, dentilisin. a ∼ 50-kda product generated by dentilisin cleavage is retained at the cell surface. until this study, a direct role for the fhbb-fh interaction in complement evasion and serum ... | 2010 | 21375704 |
| myrsinoic acid b inhibits the production of hydrogen sulfide by periodontal pathogens in vitro. | recently, we reported that myrsinoic acid b purified from myrsine seguinii inhibited methyl mercaptan (ch(3)sh) production by fusobacterium nucleatum jcm8532. since hydrogen sulfide (h(2)s) is the main component of physiological halitosis, while ch(3)sh is involved in pathological oral halitosis, the objective of this study is to determine whether myrsinoic acid b inhibits h(2)s production by oral microorganisms. f. nucleatum, porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola were incubated with ... | 2010 | 21383473 |
| relationship between the β-galactosidase activity in saliva and parameters associated with oral malodor. | volatile sulfur compounds (vscs) are produced by enzymes capable of transforming s-amino acids to corresponding sulfides. protein degradation by periodontopathogens plays an important role in this process, and the proteolysis of glycoproteins depends on the initial removal of the carbohydrate side chains. in the present report, we tested the relationship between the β-galactosidase activity in saliva and parameters that influence oral malodor, including daily habits and oral conditions. the prev ... | 2010 | 21386213 |
| association of red complex, a. actinomycetemcomitans and non-oral bacteria with periodontal diseases. | pathogens related to systemic infections have been detected in the periodontal microbiota. the relationship amongst these pathogens, periodontal bacteria and periodontal clinical status is poorly understood. this study evaluated the association amongst red complex, a. actinomycetemcomitans (a.a) and non-oral pathogenic bacteria in subjects with good periodontal health (ph), gingivitis (g), chronic (cp) and aggressive (ap) periodontitis. | 2011 | 21397893 |
| driving forces enable high-titer anaerobic 1-butanol synthesis in escherichia coli. | 1-butanol, an important chemical feedstock and advanced biofuel, is produced by clostridium species. various efforts have been made to transfer the clostridial 1-butanol pathway into other microorganisms. however, in contrast to similar compounds, only limited titers of 1-butanol were attained. in this work, we constructed a modified clostridial 1-butanol pathway in escherichia coli to provide an irreversible reaction catalyzed by trans-enoyl-coenzyme a (coa) reductase (ter) and created nadh and ... | 2011 | 21398484 |
| saliva/pathogen biomarker signatures and periodontal disease progression. | the purpose of this study was to determine the role of saliva-derived biomarkers and periodontal pathogens during periodontal disease progression (pdp). one hundred human participants were recruited into a 12-month investigation. they were seen bi-monthly for saliva and clinical measures and bi-annually for subtraction radiography, serum and plaque biofilm assessments. saliva and serum were analyzed with protein arrays for 14 pro-inflammatory and bone turnover markers, while qpcr was used for de ... | 2011 | 21406610 |
| clustering of subgingival microbial species in adolescents with periodontitis. | it has become increasingly recognized that groups of microorganisms interact within the subgingival plaque of adult subjects with periodontitis. it is much less clear, however, whether the consortia of microorganisms associated with periodontitis are different in early and more advanced cases of periodontitis. to investigate this point further, subgingival plaque was collected from six sites in 87 adolescents with periodontitis and 73 controls and the samples were analyzed for the detection of 1 ... | 2011 | 21410554 |
| new insights into the emerging role of oral spirochaetes in periodontal disease. | spirochaetes are prominent in the polymicrobial infections that cause periodontal diseases. periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the periodontium, characterized by proinflammatory soft tissue damage and alveolar bone loss. treponema denticola is the most well-understood oral spirochaete, expressing a wealth of virulence factors that mediate tissue penetration and destruction as well as evasion of host immune responses. this review focuses on emerging knowledge of virulence mechan ... | 2011 | 21414084 |
| hgp44 induces protection against porphyromonas gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss in mice. | the protective effect of dna vaccines expressing the arg-gingipain a domain against bone loss induced by porphyromonas gingivalis infection was investigated in a murine model. phgp44, which expresses the 44-kda adhesion/hemagglutinin domain of arg-gingipain a, prevented p. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. the results indicate that phgp44 could be a candidate antigen for a vaccine against p. gingivalis infection. | 2011 | 21430125 |
| ovine pedomics: the first study of the ovine foot 16s rrna-based microbiome. | we report the first study of the bacterial microbiome of ovine interdigital skin based on 16s rrna by pyrosequencing and conventional cloning with sanger-sequencing. three flocks were selected, one a flock with no signs of footrot or interdigital dermatitis, a second flock with interdigital dermatitis alone and a third flock with both interdigital dermatitis and footrot. the sheep were classified as having either healthy interdigital skin (h) and interdigital dermatitis (id) or virulent footrot ... | 2011 | 21430786 |
| [study of putative periodontal pathogens colonies in type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis]. | ppurpose: to study the permanent planting of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes, and evaluate role of periodontal pathogens in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. | 2010 | 21431261 |
| a prospective cohort study of periodontal disease measures and cardiovascular disease markers in hiv-infected adults. | abstract the determinants of hiv-associated cardiovascular disease (cvd) are not well understood. periodontal disease (pd) has been linked to cvd but this connection has not been examined in hiv infection. we followed a cohort of hiv-infected adults to ascertain whether pd was associated with carotid artery intima media thickness (imt) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (fmd). we performed a longitudinal observational study of hiv-infected adults on haart for <2 years with no known heart ... | 2011 | 21443451 |
| molecular signaling mechanisms of the periopathogen, treponema denticola. | in the healthy subgingiva, oral treponemes account for a small percentage of the total bacteria. however, in diseased periodontal pockets, treponemes thrive and become a dominant component of the bacterial population. oral treponemes are uniquely adept at capitalizing on the environmental conditions that develop with periodontal disease. the molecular basis of adaptive responses of oral treponemes is just beginning to be investigated and defined. the completion of several treponeme genome sequen ... | 2011 | 21447698 |
| comparison of real-time pcr assays for detection of pathogenic leptospira spp. in blood and identification of variations in target sequences. | leptospirosis is considered an underdiagnosed disease. although several pcr-based methods are currently in use, there is little information on their comparability. in this study, four quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assays (sybr green and taqman chemistries) targeting the secy, lfb1, and lipl32 genes were evaluated as diagnostic assays. in our hands, these assays can detect between 10(2) and 10(3) bacteria/ml of pure culture, whole-blood, plasma, and serum samples. in three independent experim ... | 2011 | 21471336 |
| oral health behaviors, periodontal disease and pathogens in preeclampsia: a case-control study in korea. | background: the aim of this study was to confirm the association among oral health behaviors, periodontitis and preeclampsia in korean women. methods: this study was designed as a case-control study. sixteen preeclamptic and forty eight non-preeclamptic women after delivery were included in this study from november 2007 to january 2010. information on demographics, health behaviors, obstetric and systemic disease that may influence periodontal condition and preeclampsia was collected. full mouth ... | 2011 | 21486182 |
| microbial shifts during dental biofilm re-development in the absence of oral hygiene in periodontal health and disease. | uzel ng, teles fr, teles rp, song xq, torresyap g, socransky ss, haffajee ad. microbial shifts during dental biofilm re-development in the absence of oral hygiene in periodontal health and disease. j clin peridontol 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01730.x. abstract: aim: to monitor microbial shifts during dental biofilm re-development. materials and methods: supra- and subgingival plaque samples were taken separately from 28 teeth in 38 healthy and 17 periodontitis subjects at baseline and i ... | 2011 | 21488936 |
| a novel approach in the use of subgingival controlled-release delivery of chlorhexidine in chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial. | background: we aimed to analyze clinical, microbiological, and serological effects of chlorhexidine (chx) chips used as subgingival controlled-release-delivery-device before and immediately after scaling and root-planing (srp). methods: 24 patients presenting with at least 12 teeth with ppd ≥5 mm and bop were assigned in test or control groups. after prophylaxis, chx chips (test) or placebo chips (control) were placed in pockets with ppd ≥5mm. ten days later srp was performed in all teeth with p ... | 2011 | 21491990 |
| gingival tissue transcriptomes in experimental gingivitis. | jönsson d, ramberg p, demmer rt, kebschull m, dahlén g, papapanou pn. gingival tissue transcriptomes in experimental gingivitis. j clin periodontol 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01719.x. abstract: aims: we investigated the sequential gene expression in the gingiva during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis. material and methods: twenty periodontally and systemically healthy non-smoking volunteers participated in a 3-week experimental gingivitis protocol, followed by deb ... | 2011 | 21501207 |
| viral-bacterial associations in acute apical abscesses. | objective: viral-bacterial and bacterial synergism have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of several human diseases. this study sought to investigate the possible associations between 9 candidate endodontic bacterial pathogens and 9 human viruses in samples from acute apical abscesses. study design: dna extracts from purulent exudate aspirates of 33 cases of acute apical abscess were surveyed for the presence of 9 selected bacterial species using a 16s ribosomal rna gene-based nes ... | 2011 | 21507684 |