| hepatitis e antibody seroconversion without disease in highly endemic rural egyptian communities. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is enterically transmitted and causes self-limiting acute viral hepatitis (avh) primarily in less developed countries. a prospective cohort study to assess incidence of, and risk factors for, seroconversion to hev (anti-hev) was conducted in two egyptian villages with a 67.7% anti-hev prevalence. nine hundred and nineteen villagers who were initially anti-hev-negative were followed for 10.7 months. thirty-four (3.7%) had strong anti-hev serologic responses at follow-up gi ... | 2006 | 16257427 |
| hepatitis e virus: overseas epidemics and victorian travellers. | | 2005 | 16274355 |
| [the immuno-protect study of a hepatitis e virus orf2 peptide expressed in e. coli]. | a hepatitis e virus (hev) orf2 peptide expressed in an unfused pattern in e. coli, ne2, can self-assembly into homodimers and oligomers, and the immuno-reactivity of the dimers or oligomers to hev infected serum is much stronger than monomer, which suggested that some important conformational epitopes be better exposed in dimer or oligomer form. three rhesus monkeys were vaccinated with three doses (10 microg/dose) purified ne2 in freud's adjuvant under a schedule of od, 10d, and 30d. specific a ... | 2003 | 16276869 |
| [seroepidemiological characterization of virus hepatitis in the republic of armenia]. | the survey of the population immunological structure with respect to parenteral hepatitis showed awide circulation of hepatitis b (hb) and hepatitis c (hc) viruses among the adult population of armenia. during the 5 year period of observation the number of persons having antibodies to hc virus increased 2.7-fold. high occurrence of antibodies to hbsag of hb virus among the healthy population in 2002 (12.0%) in comparison with 1997 (5.4%) reflected a decreased infection rate with hb virus as well ... | 2005 | 16279546 |
| evaluation of a new rapid immunochromatographic assay for serodiagnosis of acute hepatitis e infection. | a rapid and reliable diagnostic assay for acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is needed. we evaluated a rapid, immunochromatographic assay for igm antibodies to hev (assure hev igm rapid test) using acute-phase hev samples (n = 200) from indonesia and nepal and convalescent-phase hev samples (n = 70) from nepal. blood donors in thailand (n = 100), individuals with hepatitis a (n = 80), hepatitis b (n = 45), and hepatitis c (n = 50) in thailand and nepal, acute-phase sera of individuals with ... | 2005 | 16282308 |
| analysis of the full-length genome of hepatitis e virus isolates obtained from wild boars in japan. | two (2.3 %) of 87 wild-caught boars in japan had detectable hepatitis e virus (hev) rna. the two boar hev isolates (wbjts1 and wbjyg1) obtained in the present study and a previously reported isolate (wbjsg1) whose partial sequence had been determined were sequenced over the entire genome. the wbjsg1, wbjts1 and wbjyg1 isolates comprised 7225 or 7226 nt, excluding the poly(a) tail, and segregated into genotype 3. they differed by 8.5-11.2 % from each other and by 8.6-18.4 % from 17 reported genot ... | 2005 | 16298977 |
| [endemic hepatitis e infections in south-east hungary]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) one of the most important infectious agent in acute hepatitis in tropical and subtropical areas. recently, it has been demonstrated that hev infection also occur in developed countries without travel history. in these regions, transmission thought to be zoonotic. in this work hepatitis e cases are detected in south east hungary. | 2005 | 16304810 |
| infectious swine hepatitis e virus is present in pig manure storage facilities on united states farms, but evidence of water contamination is lacking. | fresh feces, manure slurry (from earthen lagoons and/or concrete pits), and drinking and surface water samples were collected from 28 pig farms in the midwestern united states. all samples were tested for hepatitis e virus (hev) rna by reverse transcription-pcr. seven of 28 farms had fecal samples that contained hev. of 22 farms where pit samples were accessible, 15 contained hev, and of 8 farms that had lagoons, 3 contained hev. the highest virus titers were 10 and 10(3) genome equivalents per ... | 2005 | 16332757 |
| unexpected high prevalence of igg-antibodies to hepatitis e virus in swedish pig farmers and controls. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are responsible for large waterborne outbreaks in developing countries. sporadic cases in the developed world are mainly imported via immigrants and travellers from endemic areas. hev has been suggested to be a zoonotic infection where pigs may be an important reservoir for the disease and specific swine strains of hev have been identified which can infect also humans. the aim of this study was to analyse if swedish pig farmers are more exposed to hev than pers ... | 2006 | 16338839 |
| identification of b-cell epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) that are common to human and swine hevs or unique to avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) was recently discovered in chickens from the usa that had hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome. the complete genomic sequence of avian hev shares about 50 % nucleotide sequence identity with those of human and swine hevs. the open reading frame 2 (orf2) protein of avian hev has been shown to cross-react with human and swine hev orf2 proteins, but the b-cell epitopes in the avian hev orf2 protein have not been identified. nine synthetic peptides from the predic ... | 2006 | 16361434 |
| [hepatitis e]. | hepatitis e is an important public health disease in developing countries where sanitary conditions are not well established. in developed countries, it is sporadic and mainly "imported". the causative agent of hepatitis e, hepatitis e virus (hev), is a single-stranded positive-sense rna virus, that belongs to the genus hepevirus in the family hepeviridae. recent development of specific hev rna and hev antibody detection revealed cases of indigenous hev infection. many cases are associated with ... | 2005 | 16363698 |
| prevalence and risk factors for hev infection in pregnant women. | hepatitis e is an infectious viral disease with clinical and morphological features of acute hepatitis, clinically similar to other forms of acute viral hepatitis except in pregnant women, in whom the illness is particularly severe and has a high mortality rate. the present study was conducted in western turkey to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hev infection in pregnant women. | 2006 | 16369469 |
| potent neutralization of hendra and nipah viruses by human monoclonal antibodies. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are closely related emerging viruses comprising the henipavirus genus of the paramyxovirinae. each has a broad species tropism and can cause disease with high mortality in both animal and human hosts. these viruses infect cells by a ph-independent membrane fusion event mediated by their attachment (g) and fusion (f) envelope glycoproteins (envs). seven fabs, m101 to -7, were selected for their significant binding to a soluble form of hendra g (sg) which w ... | 2006 | 16378991 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in japanese children. | recently, sporadic cases of acute hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) have been reported in japan. however, few reports have addressed the issue of hev infection during childhood. | 2006 | 16385260 |
| [effects of different vectors and gene fragments on antigen expression of hepatitis e virus dna immunization]. | to investigate the effects of different vectors and gene fragments on antigen expression of hepatitis e virus (hev) dna immunization. | 2006 | 16388737 |
| [molecular detection of hepatitis e virus in non-imported hepatitis case--identification of a potential new human hepatitis e virus lineage in hungary]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) one of the most common cause of hepatitis in endemic areas. however recently demonstrated that human infection may occur in developed countries without any travel history and that swine may act as a reservoir. | 2005 | 16398151 |
| enhanced alpha1 microglobulin secretion from hepatitis e virus orf3-expressing human hepatoma cells is mediated by the tumor susceptibility gene 101. | viruses are known to exploit the host cell machinery for their benefit during different stages of their life cycle within the infected host. one of the major challenges for a virus during the early stages of infection is to escape recognition by the host immune system. viruses have adopted many novel strategies to evade the host immune response or to create an immune suppressed environment. an earlier study in our laboratory has demonstrated that the orf3 protein of the hepatitis e virus expedit ... | 2006 | 16407257 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody and the possible association with chronic liver disease: a case-control study in albania. | a case-control study involving 109 in-patients with chronic liver disease and 190 in-patients with no apparent liver disease was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-hev antibodies and the possible association with chronic liver disease. among cases, the anti-hev prevalence was 36.6% which increased significantly by age; among controls, the prevalence was 12.1% (p<0.05) and was similar among age groups <60 years. among cases, aged >50 years (or 4.0, 95% ci 1.4-11) and the presence of ... | 2006 | 16409655 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in wild mongooses of okinawa, japan: demonstration of anti-hev antibodies and a full-genome nucleotide sequence. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a single-strand rna virus, has been recovered not only from human beings but also from various species of animals. here we report our results suggesting that mongoose should be added to the list of reservoir animals of hev. of 100 mongooses we examined in okinawa, japan, 21 were thought to be positive for anti-hev antibodies, among which one was definitely positive for hev rna. full-genome sequencing of the hev isolate revealed that it segregates to a unique subgroup wit ... | 2006 | 16413822 |
| hepatitis e virus chimeric dna vaccine elicits immunologic response in mice. | to construct the plasmid pchev23 containing fragments of hev orf2 and orf3 chimeric gene and to assess its ability to elicit specific immunologic response in mice. | 2005 | 16425371 |
| [two cases of acute hepatitis e in patients with hyperthyroidism]. | acute hepatitis e occur commonly as outbreaks in endemic areas, but can occur sporadically in other part of the world. acute hepatitis e has been reported rarely in korea. a case of concurrent acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and hyperthyroidism was reported in an inactive hepatitis b surface antigen carrier. we experienced two cases of concomitant acute hev infection in patients with hyperthyroidism. the first case had acute hev infection with subclinical hyperthyroidism while taking pro ... | 2006 | 16434871 |
| active surveillance for acute viral hepatitis in rural villages in the nile delta. | acute viral hepatitis is less frequent in egypt than serum antibody levels suggest. because acute viral hepatitis has a wide clinical spectrum, we tested the hypothesis that many cases are undetected because of mild illness caused by initial, early-childhood exposure to hepatitis viruses. | 2006 | 16447107 |
| epidemiology and clinical features of sporadic hepatitis e as compared with hepatitis a. | to compare the epidemiology and clinical features of two enterically transmitted hepatitis, namely hepatitis e and hepatitis a. | 2006 | 16454833 |
| molecular analysis of an echovirus 3 strain isolated from an individual concurrently with appearance of islet cell and ia-2 autoantibodies. | growing evidence has implicated members of the genus enterovirus of the family picornaviridae in the etiology of some cases of type 1 diabetes (t1d). to contribute to an understanding of the molecular determinants underlying this association, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of echovirus 3 (e3), human enterovirus b (hev-b) species, isolated from an individual who soon after virus isolation developed autoantibodies characteristic of t1d. the individual has remained posit ... | 2006 | 16455897 |
| [hepatitis e infections as a world wide problem]. | | 2005 | 16457075 |
| full genome sequence and analysis of indian swine hepatitis e virus isolate of genotype 4. | the full-length genomic sequence of an indian swine hepatitis e virus (hev) isolate (ind-sw-00-01) recovered from feces of a pig experimentally infected with swine hev pool from western india was determined. the genome consisted of 7,240 nucleotides, excluding the poly (a) tail of at least 22 residues and contained three open reading frames (orfs), orf-1 encoding 1,707 amino acids, orf-2 encoding 674 amino acids and orf-3 encoding 114 amino acids. comparative full-length genome sequence and phyl ... | 2006 | 16457969 |
| hepatitis e virus genotyping based on full-length genome and partial genomic regions. | some genomic regions for hepatitis e virus (hev) genotyping have been reported to correlate well with the results from the phylogenetic analyses on the basis of the complete genome. however, few studies have systemically investigated the genomic regions for hev genotyping using a combined phylogenetic and statistical approach. a consensus region for hev genotyping has not been determined. in this study the nucleotide identities and genetic distances of 24 partial genomic regions and the complete ... | 2006 | 16472882 |
| hepatitis e virus infection as a marker for contaminated community drinking water sources in tibetan villages. | in april-may 2001, a study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev) among 426 persons 8-49 years of age randomly selected from two groups of rural villages in central tibet. group 1 villages were assessed in 1998 as having poor quality water sources; new water systems were then constructed prior to this study. group 2 villages had higher quality water and were not designated as priority villages for new systems prior to the study. no participants te ... | 2006 | 16474079 |
| putative neutralization epitopes and broad cross-genotype neutralization of hepatitis e virus confirmed by a quantitative cell-culture assay. | monolayers of hep g2/c3a cells were inoculated with genotype 1 hepatitis e virus (hev) mixed with either anti-hev or an appropriate control. after 5 or 6 days, cell monolayers were stained with anti-hev and infected cells were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy and counted. anti-hev from vaccinated or infected rhesus monkeys neutralized the virus, as did mabs that recognized epitopes on the c terminus of a recombinant vaccine protein. antibodies were broadly cross-reactive, since conval ... | 2006 | 16476993 |
| analysis of the full-length genome of genotype 4 hepatitis e virus isolates from patients with fulminant or acute self-limited hepatitis e. | it was suggested that hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 4 is associated more closely with the severity of hepatitis e than genotype 3, although the virological basis remains unknown. the aim of this study was to examine whether genomic differences among genotype 4 hevs are responsible for the development of fulminant hepatitis. full-length sequences of genotype 4 hevs from three patients with fulminant hepatitis and six patients with acute self-limited hepatitis were determined. the sequences wer ... | 2006 | 16482537 |
| uk acquired hepatitis e--an emerging problem? | eight cases of hepatitis e acquired in the uk are reported. these cases presented to an inner city hospital in birmingham, uk, over a 5-month period in 2005. hev is considered unusual in the uk and generally occurs after travel to endemic regions. only five cases of hepatitis e acquired in the uk have been reported in the literature. this series represents an increase in the local incidence of hepatitis e, particularly that of uk-acquired infection. hev should be considered in all patients with ... | 2006 | 16482543 |
| a truncated hepatitis e virus orf2 protein expressed in tobacco plastids is immunogenic in mice. | to cost-effectively express the 23-ku pe2, the most promising subunit vaccine encoded by the e2 fragment comprising of the 3'-portion of hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame 2 (orf2) in plastids of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. sr1), to investigate the transgene expression and pe2 accumulation in plastids, and to evaluate the antigenic effect of the plastid-derived pe2 in mice. | 2006 | 16482635 |
| hepatitis e virus transmission from wild boar meat. | we investigated a case of hepatitis e acquired after persons ate wild boar meat. genotype 3 hepatitis e virus (hev) rna was detected in both patient serum and wild boar meat. these findings provided direct evidence of zoonotic foodborne transmission of hev from a wild boar to a human. | 2005 | 16485490 |
| bovine serum albumin antibodies as a disease marker for hepatitis e virus infection. | this report evaluates the significance of antibody/bovine serum albumin (bsa) interactions as a risk factor for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e. serum samples from 40 patients with acute hepatitis e and from 40 age/sex matched healthy adult subjects were tested for iga, igg, and igm by elisa and by turbidimetric assay. bsa was used as a target to characterize changes in levels of interacting immunoglobulins. initial results obtained before removal of antibodies that interacted with bsa sugges ... | 2005 | 16489265 |
| dengue virus infection: a major cause of acute hepatic failure in thai children. | acute hepatic failure (ahf) can be caused by a variety of viruses, drugs, toxins and metabolic disorders. | 2006 | 16494700 |
| hepatitis e: an overview. | hepatitis e is an enterically transmitted, acute, self-limited, icteric viral disease that occurs in large numbers in countries of the indian subcontinent, asia, and africa. the frequency of epidemics and the high mortality rate among infected pregnant women are strong indicators that hepatitis e is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. several isolates of hepatitis e virus (hev) derived from infected humans and experimental animals have recently been cloned and sequenced, all ... | 1999 | 16498322 |
| [identification of human acute hepatitis e infections by detection of specific igg and igm antibody recombinant immunoblot testing]. | | 2006 | 16510104 |
| evidence that rodents are a reservoir of hepatitis e virus for humans in nepal. | | 2006 | 16517936 |
| [a new case of native viral hepatitis e in the center of france]. | | 2005 | 16518294 |
| molecular tracing of japan-indigenous hepatitis e viruses. | the ancestor(s) of apparently japan-indigenous strains of hepatitis e virus (hev) was probably of foreign origin, but it remains unclear when and from where it made inroads. in this study, 24 genotype 3 and 24 genotype 4 hev strains recovered in japan each showed a significant cluster, clearly distinct from those of foreign strains, in the phylogenetic tree constructed from an 821 nt rna polymerase gene fragment. the evolutionary rate, approximately 0.8 x 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions per site ... | 2006 | 16528044 |
| [etiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis]. | in the strictest sense, the term "viral hepatitis" includes a series of clinical conditions of infectious origin caused by five phylogenetically unrelated human viruses that have developed specific tropism to hepatocytes. in a broader sense, it also includes acute liver diseases due to infection by other viruses that do not display specific liver tropism, but may produce liver disease as a complication of the infection. hepatitis b and c viruses have, in addition, developed strategies that allow ... | 2006 | 16537063 |
| hepatitis e antibody kinetics in nepalese patients. | a cohort of 62 nepalese adults with acute hepatitis e was identified and total ig as well as igm levels to hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein were determined using the walter reed army institute of research (wrair) immunoassay. an antibody profile was constructed from serial serum specimens collected up to 14 months following the onset of illness. the decline in total ig was rapid for the first 3 months. there followed a slow, sustained decline, but antibodies remained above the seropositive ... | 2006 | 16542692 |
| [hepatitis a and e virus antibodies in chilean children of low socioeconomic status: a one year follow-up study]. | the seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) is decreasing in many latin american countries, along with improvements in sanitary standards. however, there is no information available about low socioeconomic status (lse) populations. | 2006 | 16554919 |
| infection with hepatitis a, b, c, and delta viruses among patients with acute hepatitis in mongolia. | one hundred ten consecutive patients (60 males and 50 females; age, mean +/- standard deviation [sd], 22.6 +/- 6.4 years; range 16-48 years) who were clinically diagnosed with sporadic acute hepatitis between december 2004 and january 2005 in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, were studied. igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus were detected in 18 patients (16.4%), igm antibodies to hepatitis b core (anti-hbc igm) in 38 patients (34.5%) including two patients with concurrent hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infect ... | 2006 | 16555292 |
| [hepatitis e virus of different genotypes contains multiple-type antigenic epitopes]. | monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) were prepared against a recombinant protein p166us derived from us-1 strain of hepatitis e virus (hev). the immune reactivity of the mcabs to seven p166s derived from different genotypes and subtypes of hev, which included p166bur (genotype i a), p166pak (genotype i b), p166mor (genotype i c), p166mex (genotype ii), p166us (genotype iii), p166nz (swine hev, genotype iii) and p166chn (genotype iv), was tested by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) a ... | 2006 | 16579478 |
| evaluation of diagnostic assays for hepatitis e virus in outbreak settings. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of hepatitis. we evaluated five hev antibody diagnostic assays by using outbreak specimens. the abbott immunoglobulin g (igg), genelabs igg, and walter reed army institute of research (wrair) igm assays were about 90% sensitive; the abbott igg and wrair total ig and igm assays were more than 90% specific. | 2006 | 16597900 |
| [microbiological diagnosis of viral hepatitis]. | hepatitis of viral aetiology caused by hepatotropic virus (a, e, b, d and c) represents an important work load for the clinical virology laboratory. most of the diagnostic is based upon detection in serum and plasma samples of different serological and virological markers, which correlates with different infection stages. in chronic infection by hbv and hcv is necessary to perform diagnostic by molecular methods as well as antigen detection in sequential samples along the course of the disease t ... | 2006 | 16606561 |
| identification of a novel variant of human hepatitis e virus in hungary. | first human case of hepatitis e infection detected in hungary is reported. this hepatitis e virus (hev), hungary1, belongs to genotype 3 and had 95% and 90% nucleotide identity within the capsid region of the european swine and human (greece2) strains, respectively. hungary1 represents a potential novel human variant of hev in genus hepevirus. | 2006 | 16616611 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus isolates in southern china (1994-1998). | we have previously reported the identification of divergent hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated (g9, g20 and 93g) in guangzhou, a city in southern china. they are now recognised as a new hev subgenotype in the world. however, the relatedness and significance of these novel isolates in sporadic hev infection in southern china is still unclear. | 2006 | 16621689 |
| prevalence and genotyping of hepatitis e virus in swine population in korea between 1995 and 2004: a retrospective study. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have been reported in pigs throughout the world but have only recently been recorded in korean pigs. the aim of this study was to investigate whether hev was present in archived porcine hepatic tissues collected between 1995 and 2004 using rt-pcr and immunohistochemistry and, if so, to determine the genotype of the isolates. swine hev was identified in the liver tissue of 42 pigs of 388 submissions (four pigs every year on average). the isolates showed genetic ... | 2007 | 16624599 |
| locally acquired hepatitis e virus infection, el paso, texas. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted rna virus that causes both epidemic and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. despite sero-surveys showing antibody to hev in up to 36% of the us population, acute hepatitis e has been reported among individuals with no history of international travel only three times in the united states. we report a case of apparently locally-acquired hepatitis e that occurred in el paso, texas that was 98% similar to a previously isolated hev found in swine i ... | 2006 | 16628579 |
| a cluster of hepatitis e virus infection in hokkaido, japan. | | 2006 | 16632918 |
| a diffuse outbreak of hepatitis e in mie prefecture, 2005. | | 2006 | 16632919 |
| [expression, purification and immunogenicity of a novel hepatitis e virus-like particle]. | to express and characterize a novel hepatitis e virus (hev) recombinant protein which contains hev neutralization epitope(s). | 2006 | 16643795 |
| acute transverse myelitis following hepatitis e virus infection. | | 2006 | 16651680 |
| [detection and analysis of partial sequences isolated from human and swine in rural area of southern china]. | to study the genotype of swines isolated from humans and their relationships with hepatitis e virus (hev) in the rural areas of southern china. | 2005 | 16676596 |
| health risks of enteric viral infections in children. | children are at a greater risk of infections from serious enteric viral illness than adults for a number of reasons. most important is the immune system, which is needed to control the infection processes. this difference can lead to more serious infections than in adults, who have fully developed immune systems. there are a number of significant physiological and behavioral differences between adults and children that place children at a greater risk of exposure and a greater risk of serious in ... | 2006 | 16676900 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in regular hemodialysis patients. | the percentage of patients infected with blood-borne diseases, including hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections, is high in patients undergoing hemodialysis regularly. hepatitis e virus (hev) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and blood-borne hev infection has also been reported recently. on the basis of these findings, we investigated the actual status of hev infection in regular hemodialysis patients. out of 1077 patients undergoing hemodialysis at two key hospita ... | 2006 | 16684223 |
| serologic evidence for hepatitis e virus infection in mongoose. | although pig and wild boar are considered to be the reservoirs of hepatitis e virus (hev) in japan, the spread of hev to other animals is unknown. serum samples from 84 mongooses (small asian mongoose; herpestes javanicus) collected in okinawa, japan were examined for antibodies to hev by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rna was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. seven (8.3%) of 84 mongooses were positive for igg antibodies to hev, and the antibody-positive rate in ... | 2006 | 16687706 |
| transfusion-transmitted virus in association with hepatitis a-e viral infections in various forms of liver diseases in india. | to describe the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted virus (ttv) infection in association with hepatitis a-e viral infections in different forms of liver diseases in north india. | 2006 | 16688839 |
| seroprevalence for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among volunteer blood donors of the regional blood bank of londrina, state of paraná , brazil. | a cross-sectional study was carried out among 996 volunteer blood donors enrolled from may 1999 to december 1999 to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among volunteer blood donors of the regional blood bank of londrina, state of paraná, brazil, and to evaluate whether the rate of seroprevalence of igg anti-hev antibodies is associated with sociodemographic variables and with seropositivity for hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. all participants answered the questio ... | 2006 | 16699630 |
| swine as a principal reservoir of hepatitis e virus that infects humans in eastern china. | genotype iv hepatitis e virus (hev) has been isolated from humans and swine. to study the relationship between the human and swine reservoirs, we estimated their respective viral burden, analyzed the genetic makeup of the virus populations, and assessed the risk of infection associated with swine farming. | 2006 | 16703507 |
| high mortality associated with an outbreak of hepatitis e among displaced persons in darfur, sudan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute onset of jaundice and a high case-fatality ratio in pregnant women. we provide a clinical description of hospitalized case patients and assess the specific impact on pregnant women during a large epidemic of hev infection in a displaced population in mornay camp (78,800 inhabitants), western darfur, sudan. | 2006 | 16705571 |
| a large outbreak of hepatitis e among a displaced population in darfur, sudan, 2004: the role of water treatment methods. | the conflict in darfur, sudan, was responsible for the displacement of 1.8 million civilians. we investigated a large outbreak of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in mornay camp (78,800 inhabitants) in western darfur. | 2006 | 16705572 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection in japan]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major etiologic agent of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis in many developing countries. epidemics are primarily waterborne in areas where water supplies are contaminated with hev of human origin. there is increasing evidence, however, that hev is also prevalent in very low numbers in non-endemic countries, including japan. although the source of hev in these sporadic cases is unknown, a recently isolated swine virus is the best candidate for causing a zoonot ... | 2006 | 16722461 |
| expression and processing of the hepatitis e virus orf1 nonstructural polyprotein. | the orf1 of hepatitis e virus (hev) encodes a nonstructural polyprotein of approximately 186 kda that has putative domains for four enzymes: a methyltransferase, a papain-like cysteine protease, a rna helicase and a rna dependent rna polymerase. in the absence of a culture system for hev, the orf1 expressed using bacterial and mammalian expression systems has shown an approximately 186 kda protein, but no processing of the polyprotein has been observed. based on these observations, it was propos ... | 2006 | 16725054 |
| [epidemiology and clinical manifestations of viral hepatitis]. | viral hepatitis is an infectious disease affecting the liver. at this time, five different human hepatitis viruses are recognized and characterized in detail: hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), and hepatitis e virus (hev). the hepatitis viruses differ widely in their modes of transmission and clinical features. whereas all of them can cause acute hepatitis, only hbv, hdv, and hcv cause chronic hepatitis. this article reviews the ep ... | 2006 | 16725087 |
| a bicistronic subgenomic mrna encodes both the orf2 and orf3 proteins of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus replicons containing the neomycin resistance gene expressed from open reading frames (orfs) 2 and 3 were transfected into huh-7 cells, and stable cell lines containing functional replicons were selected by constant exposure to g418 sulfate. northern blot analyses detected full-length replicon rna and a single subgenomic rna. this subgenomic rna, which was capped, initiated at nucleotide 5122 downstream of the first two methionine codons in orf3 and was bicistronic; two closely ... | 2006 | 16731930 |
| array-based nano-amplification technique was applied in detection of hepatitis e virus. | a rapid method for the detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) was developed by utilizing nano-gold labeled oligonucleotide probes, silver stain enhancement and the microarray technique. the 5'-end -nh(2) modified oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on the surface of the chip base as the capture probe. the detection probe was made of the 3'-end -sh modified oligonucleotide probe and nano-gold colloid. the optimal concentrations of these two probes were determined. to test the detection sensitiv ... | 2006 | 16756752 |
| comparison of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and nested or commercial reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of hepatitis e virus particle in human serum. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was originally identified as the causative agent of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. the virus is the 7.5-kb single-stranded positive rna virus and has been classified in the genus herpevirus [corrected] of the [corrected] herpeviridae [corrected] recently, hevs were identified from several countries worldwide from human and animals including swine. studies on the genomic analysis of hev isolates and seroprevalence of anti-hev antibodies suggested that hev ... | 2006 | 16757142 |
| international collaborative survey on epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in 11 countries. | we conducted seroepidemiological studies on antibody prevalence to hepatitis e virus (hev) in 5,233 sera from 11 countries to ascertain the present state of hev infection on a global basis. the prevalence of anti-hev igg increased with age in these tested countries, but the rate of antibody positivity was over 20% in the 16-30 year-old group in most of the participating countries, except for japan, the usa, and spain. of patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology from nepal, 56% (14/25) w ... | 2006 | 16771218 |
| [hepatitis e]. | | 2006 | 16774074 |
| distinct changing profiles of hepatitis a and e virus infection among patients with acute hepatitis, patients on maintenance hemodialysis and healthy individuals in japan. | to compare the epidemiologic profiles of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in japan, the prevalence of clinical or subclinical hav and hev infections was investigated serologically and molecularly among 128 consecutive patients (age, mean +/- standard deviation, 37.5 +/- 14.7 years) who contracted acute hepatitis between 1989 and 2005 in a city hospital, and among 416 hemodialysis patients (60.1 +/- 12.6 years) and 266 medical staff members (34.6 +/- 11.4 years) at t ... | 2006 | 16789007 |
| validation of single real-time taqman pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of four major genotypes of hepatitis e virus in clinical specimens. | since the characterization of the genome of the hepatitis e virus (hev) in 1990, a large genetic diversity has been described. a single real-time reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay with taqman technology has been validated which uses only one set of primers and probe within the orf2 hev region (nt 5207-5292) for the detection and quantification of the four major genotypes of hev. this assay proved to be as efficient as the conventional rt-pcr methodology for the detection of hev in clinical sa ... | 2006 | 16789018 |
| indigenous hepatitis e virus infection in england and wales. | | 2006 | 16793820 |
| hepatitis e is an autochthonous disease in industrialized countries. analysis of 23 patients in south-west france over a 13-month period and comparison with hepatitis a. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for acute hepatitis predominantly in developing countries. in western europe and in the us, cases of acute hev infection are uncommon and occur primarily in travelers returning from endemic countries. the aim of this study was to describe patients with acute hepatitis e in south west france and compare them with patients with acute hepatitis a. | 2006 | 16801899 |
| [nine cases of sporadic acute hepatitis e in korea]. | hepatitis e virus is an enterically transmitted virus that causes endemic cases of acute hepatitis in many countries in africa, and southeast and central asia. sporadic cases of acute hepatitis e also have been reported in developed countries. in non-endemic areas, most of the sporadic cases of hepatitis e are introduced from the endemic areas. until now, only three cases of acute hepatitis e have been reported in korea. recently, we experienced nine cases of acute hepatitis, in which serologic ... | 2006 | 16804348 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e virus infection in germany with sequence similarities to other european isolates. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute hepatitis in endemic areas. yet reports on autochthonous cases in other areas such as middle europe are increasing. here we report on a patient, who obviously acquired his hev infection in germany. sequence analysis of the virus gained from his serum revealed homologies to other european isolates and swine isolates. | 2006 | 16804663 |
| significance of serum iga in patients with acute hepatitis e virus infection. | to study the significance of serum anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) iga in patients with hepatitis e. | 2006 | 16804983 |
| dynamic changes of hbv dna in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic hepatitis patients after lamivudine treatment. | to study the dynamic changes of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of patients after lamivudine therapy. | 2006 | 16810760 |
| prolonged hepatitis e in an immunocompromised patient. | | 2006 | 16824086 |
| evidence of a potential receptor-binding site on the nipah virus g protein (niv-g): identification of globular head residues with a role in fusion promotion and their localization on an niv-g structural model. | as a preliminary to the localization of the receptor-binding site(s) on the nipah virus (niv) glycoprotein (niv-g), we have undertaken the identification of niv-g residues that play a role in fusion promotion. to achieve this, we have used two strategies. first, as niv and hendra virus (hev) share a common receptor and their cellular tropism is similar, we hypothesized that residues functioning in receptor attachment could be conserved between their respective g proteins. our initial strategy wa ... | 2006 | 16840334 |
| analysis of human and swine hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates of genotype 3 in japan that are only 81-83 % similar to reported hev isolates of the same genotype over the entire genome. | full-length sequences were determined for a human hepatitis e virus (hev) isolate (he-ja04-1911) and two swine hev isolates (swj8-5 and swj12-4) that belong to one of three clusters within genotype 3 in japan and are close to spanish isolates according to their partial sequences. the three hev isolates were 89.7-92.9 % identical to each other, but only 80.7-83.0 % similar to 21 hev strains of the same genotype isolated in canada, kyrgyzstan, the usa and japan over their entire genome. on compari ... | 2006 | 16847132 |
| [study on risk factors of sporadic hepatitis e virus cases in some districts of shanghai]. | to study the risk factors of acute sporadic hepatitis e virus (hev) cases and to analyze its partial sequence in some districts of shanghai. | 2006 | 16875530 |
| aetiology of acute viral hepatitis in andaman and nicobar islands, india. | | 2006 | 16884639 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus from a large outbreak from kerala, india. | hepatitis a is highly prevalent in india and mainly presents as a sporadic disease. this study investigated an outbreak of viral hepatitis at medical college hospital area, kottayam, kerala state, india during january 2005. | 2006 | 16885597 |
| development and validation of an improved rt-pcr assay with nested universal primers for detection of hepatitis e virus strains with significant sequence divergence. | recent studies revealed that hepatitis e virus (hev) genomes are more variable than previously thought and well-conserved regions suitable for designing universal primers are limited. in this study, based on alignment of 70 full-length hev sequences of genotypes 1-4, a part of the orf2/orf3 overlapping region was found to be the best target region for pcr amplification of various hev strains. using the newly designed primers, an rt-pcr method (orf2/3-137 pcr) that amplifies a 137-nucleotide (nt) ... | 2006 | 16901555 |
| structural and functional basis for adp-ribose and poly(adp-ribose) binding by viral macro domains. | macro domains constitute a protein module family found associated with specific histones and proteins involved in chromatin metabolism. in addition, a small number of animal rna viruses, such as corona- and toroviruses, alphaviruses, and hepatitis e virus, encode macro domains for which, however, structural and functional information is extremely limited. here, we characterized the macro domains from hepatitis e virus, semliki forest virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars ... | 2006 | 16912299 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in pigs: implications for human infections in village-based subsistence pig farming in the lao pdr. | we report a high seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in pigs in the lao pdr. hev seroprevalence was 51.2% (300/586) amongst abattoir pigs and 15.3% (46/301) amongst village pigs. the age distribution suggested previous in-village hev pig infections. these findings suggest a zoonotic risk associated with village-based smallholder pig farming. | 2007 | 16919692 |
| virological investigation of a hepatitis e epidemic in north india. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is of major public health concern in the developing countries, including the indian subcontinent, due to epidemics of large proportions, increased morbidity and high mortality, especially in pregnant women. this study shows the findings of two different epidemics that occurred due to hev. | 2006 | 16924358 |
| does co-infection with multiple viruses adversely influence the course and outcome of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in children? | this study looked at the frequency of co-infection with multiple hepatotropic viruses and the effect of such infection on the course and outcome of acute sporadic viral hepatitis (avh) and fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in children. | 2006 | 16928213 |
| orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus is not required for replication, virion assembly, or infection of hepatoma cells in vitro. | a subclone of huh-7 cells that could be relatively efficiently transfected and infected with hepatitis e virus was identified. following transfection, infectious virus was produced but remained predominantly cell associated. intracellular virus, recovered by lysis of transfected cells, infected naïve cells. this in vitro-produced virus appeared to be antigenically identical to virus isolated from clinical samples. lysates from cells transfected with mutant viral genomes unable to synthesize orf3 ... | 2006 | 16928762 |
| [acute hepatitis e in madrid: description of 18 cases]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main cause of non-a non-b enterically transmitted hepatitis in underdeveloped countries but is rare in industrialized areas. however, in the last few years, several sporadic autochthonous hepatitis e cases have been reported in europe and no risk factors, such as visiting to endemic areas, could be found in these patients. | 2006 | 16938254 |
| phylogenetic evidence for inter-typic recombination in the emergence of human enterovirus 71 subgenotypes. | human enterovirus 71 (ev-71) is a common causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). in recent years, the virus has caused several outbreaks with high numbers of deaths and severe neurological complications. several new ev-71 subgenotypes were identified from these outbreaks. the mechanisms that contributed to the emergence of these subgenotypes are unknown. | 2006 | 16939656 |
| hepatitis e indigenous to economically developed countries: to what extent a zoonosis? | hepatitis e, a disease transmitted by hepatitis e virus, is increasingly recognized as being indigenous to affluent, temperate-zone countries. issues pertaining to disease acquisition and hepatitis e virus infection, particularly in western countries, are reviewed and highlighted. | 2006 | 16940870 |
| high prevalence of human enterovirus a infections in natural circulation of human enteroviruses. | human enterovirus (hev) infections can be asymptomatic or cause only mild illness; recent evidence may implicate hev infection in type 1 diabetes mellitus and myocarditis. here, we report the molecular characterization of hev obtained in serial monthly collections from healthy norwegian infants. a total of 1,255 fecal samples were collected from 113 healthy infants beginning at age 3 months and continuing to 28 months. the samples were analyzed for hev nucleic acid by real-time pcr. fifty-eight ... | 2006 | 16943351 |
| [preliminary study on the conditions of solid-phase screening phage antibody library]. | to explore the conditions of solid-phase screening phage antibody library and to provide the experimental basis for the design of screening project. | 2006 | 16948921 |
| identification of genotype 1 hepatitis e virus in samples from swine in cambodia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major enterically transmitted pathogen in many developing countries, where it causes outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. a study conducted with pigs from several livestock farms in cambodia identified one swine genotype 1 hev isolate as being associated with prevalent swine genotype 3 hev. | 2006 | 16954296 |
| brief report: no evidence for parvovirus b19 or hepatitis e virus as a cause of acute liver failure. | viral hepatitis a and b are known to cause acute liver failure. while nearly 20% of acute liver failure cases are of indeterminate etiology, screening for other viruses has not been uniformly performed. we looked for evidence for parvovirus b19 and hepatitis e virus in sera from u.s. acute liver failure patients. for b19, 78 patients' sera, including 34 with indeterminate etiology, were evaluated by dna dot-blot hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked im ... | 2006 | 16964546 |
| identification, phenotypic analysis, and full-length nucleotide sequence of a dutch coxsackievirus a20 isolate. | recombination between (human) enteroviruses is a common event in nature. recently, it has been recognised that this feature has a major impact on the use of the live-attenuated polio vaccine during the end stage of polio eradication. the constraints for successful recombination between (vaccine-derived) polioviruses and human enteroviruses are, however, largely unknown. here, we describe the identification and characterisation of a hev-c field strain, isolated from the stool of a 2-year-old dutc ... | 2007 | 16964555 |