| diarrhea in a renal allograft recipient in the tropics. | | 2008 | 18347550 |
| synthesis of 2-amido, 2-amino, and 2-azido derivatives of the nitrogen analogue of the naturally occurring glycosidase inhibitor salacinol and their inhibitory activities against o-glcnacase and nagz enzymes. | seven 2-substituted derivatives of the nitrogen analogue of salacinol, a naturally occurring glycosidase inhibitor, were synthesized for structure-activity studies with hexosaminidase enzymes. the target zwitterionic compounds were synthesized by means of nucleophilic attack of the 2-azido-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol at the least hindered carbon atom of 2,4-o-benzylidene-l-erythritol-1,3-cyclic sulfate. hydrogenation of the azido zwitterionic compound in methanol resulted in the reduction ... | 2008 | 18358456 |
| linking microbial phylogeny to metabolic activity at the single-cell level by using enhanced element labeling-catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (el-fish) and nanosims. | to examine phylogenetic identity and metabolic activity of individual cells in complex microbial communities, we developed a method which combines rrna-based in situ hybridization with stable isotope imaging based on nanometer-scale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (nanosims). fluorine or bromine atoms were introduced into cells via 16s rrna-targeted probes, which enabled phylogenetic identification of individual cells by nanosims imaging. to overcome the natural fluorine and bromine backgrounds, ... | 2008 | 18359832 |
| emergence of tetracycline-resistant vibrio cholerae o1 serotype inaba, in kolkata, india. | out of 2,235 diarrheal stool samples collected from patients admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, kolkata, 343 cases were positive for vibrio cholerae (341, v. cholerae o1 and 2, o139). during the year 2004, infections caused by v. cholerae serotype ogawa and inaba were 93 and 7%, respectively, while in 2005, the inaba isolation rate rose to 88% as compared to 12% for ogawa. susceptibility to antimicrobial agents revealed that the o1 strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics (ampic ... | 2008 | 18362401 |
| bacteriophage infection is targeted to cellular poles. | the poles of bacteria exhibit several specialized functions related to the mobilization of dna and certain proteins. to monitor the infection of escherichia coli cells by light microscopy, we developed procedures for the tagging of mature bacteriophages with quantum dots. surprisingly, most of the infecting phages were found attached to the bacterial poles. this was true for a number of temperate and virulent phages of e. coli that use widely different receptors and for phages infecting yersinia ... | 2008 | 18363799 |
| [complex morphological approach to assessment of protective properties of preparations for cholera specific prophylaxis]. | using developed scheme, complex study of protective properties of avirulent recombinant strain vibrio cholerae el tor inaba km 184 was performed. necessity for broadening of standard procedure of testing of cholera vaccines protective properties by using of quantitative methods of assessment of morphological changes and state of biomodel's functional systems, which could increase the information value of assessment of studied vaccines, was experimentally substantiated. | 2008 | 18368749 |
| bacteria flora and heavy metals in cultivated oysters crassostrea iredalei of setiu wetland, east coast peninsular malaysia. | slipper oyster crassostrea iredalei is a species of good demand for its sweet flavor and white coloured flesh. the filter feeding nature predisposes oysters to accumulation of pathogenic and heavy metals in waters impacted by sewage pollutions and may thus render the oysters unfit for human consumption. a study was undertaken to investigate the presence of bacteria flora and heavy metal concentrations in cultivated oysters crassostrea iredalei at setiu wetland, terengganu, the only source of cul ... | 2008 | 18369732 |
| occurrence of pandemic clones of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from seafood and clinical samples in a chinese coastal province. | fifty-four isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus were examined for hemolytic and urease-producing phenotypes as well as presence of virulence markers by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). all clinical isolates (11/11, 100%) and one out of 42 isolates from seafood (2.4%) possessed the tdh gene and showed hemolysis. this tdh-positive seafood isolate as well as four clinical isolates belonged to the new pandemic clone o3:k6 according to serotyping and sequencing of the toxrs locus. the new o3:k6 clone, ... | 2008 | 18370608 |
| genomic organisation of the ctx element among toxigenic vibrio cholerae isolates. | the composition and gene arrangement of the ctx genetic element were compared in 36 vibrio cholerae isolates obtained during 2004-2006 from iran. long-pcr amplification of the ctx genetic element, using primers targeting ig1 and attb2, revealed three pcr products of c. 6.9, 5.6 and 2.6 kb, respectively. southern blot hybridisation revealed that 30%, 17% and 53% of the isolates had one, two and three copies of the zot gene, respectively. pcr analysis of internal regions showed that isolates with ... | 2008 | 18373694 |
| neonatal sublingual vaccination with salmonella proteins and adjuvant cholera toxin or cpg oligodeoxynucleotides induces mucosal and systemic immunity in mice. | salmonella enteritidis is one of the most common enteric pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis. a vaccine that can induce systemic and mucosal immune responses by a simple, noninvasive pathway and provide protection against this mucosal pathogen is needed. | 2008 | 18376242 |
| [quarantine infectious diseases and sanitary control of territories in modern conditions]. | | 2008 | 18376467 |
| invasive vibrio cholerae infection following burn injury. | vibrio cholerae is a pathogen predominantly appreciated for its potential to produce life-threatening watery diarrhea, usually without invasive disease. however, nonepidemic forms, which are present worldwide, may have a severe invasive presentation, especially among those with liver disease or other immunocompromised states. we present a case of invasive infection (pulmonary, wound, and bacteremia) by nonepidemic v. cholerae, in a soldier that sustained burn injury in iraq. multiple factors, to ... | 2008 | 18388568 |
| plesiomonas shigelloides hugz encodes an iron-regulated heme binding protein required for heme iron utilization. | plesiomonas shigelloides is an intestinal pathogen that uses heme as an iron source. the p. shigelloides heme utilization system consists of 10 genes, 7 of which permit heme transport and 3 of which are associated with utilization of heme as an iron source once it is inside the cell. the goal of this study was to examine hugz, 1 of the 3 genes associated with utilization of heme iron. dph8, a hugz mutant, failed to grow to full cell density in media containing heme as the iron source, indicating ... | 2008 | 18388978 |
| rapid screening of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 strains from south iran by pcr-elisa. | the ability to sensitively detect vibrio cholera with pcr-elisa method represents a considerable advancement over alternative more time-consuming methods for detection of this pathogen. the aim of this research is to evaluate the suitability of a pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sensitive and rapid detection of v. cholera o1. | 2008 | 18392091 |
| human-derived probiotic lactobacillus reuteri demonstrate antimicrobial activities targeting diverse enteric bacterial pathogens. | lactobacillus reuteri is a commensal-derived anaerobic probiotic that resides in the human gastrointestinal tract. l. reuteri converts glycerol into a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound, reuterin, which inhibits the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. in this study, we compared four human-derived l. reuteri isolates (atcc 55730, atcc pta 6475, atcc pta 4659 and atcc pta 5289) in their ability to produce reuterin and to inhibit the growth of different enteric pathogens i ... | 2008 | 18396068 |
| susceptibility to vibrio cholerae infection in a cohort of household contacts of patients with cholera in bangladesh. | despite recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of vibrio cholerae pathogenesis, there is relatively little knowledge of the factors that determine the variability in human susceptibility to v. cholerae infection. | 2008 | 18398491 |
| increased prevalence of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in vembanadu lake: a function of salt water regulator, along south west coast of india. | prevalence of faecal indicator bacteria, escherichia coli and pathogenic bacteria, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and salmonella were analysed in vembanadu lake (9 degrees 35'n 76 degrees 25'e), along south west coast of india for a period of one year from ten stations on the southern and northern sides of a salt water regulator constructed in vembanadu lake in order to prevent incursion of seawater during certain periods of the year. while the northern side of the lake has a connectio ... | 2008 | 18401119 |
| detection of virulence genes in vibrio cholerae isolated from aquatic environment in kerala, southern india. | vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of cholera. it is an autochthonous inhabitant of all aquatic environments. the virulence of v. cholerae is maintained by the ctx genetic element and tcpa gene. in the present investigation, environmental strains of v. cholerae isolated from different aquatic biotopes in kerala were identified and serotyped. the antibiotic resistance pattern and presence of virulence and regulatory genes were examined. we found the presence of toxigenic non-o1/non-o139 strai ... | 2008 | 18401561 |
| two new antibacterial norabietane diterpenoids from cyanobacteria, microcoleous lacustris. | two abietane diterpenes were isolated from cyanobacteria microcoleous lacustris, 20-nor-3alpha-acetoxyabieta-5,7,9,11,13-pentaene and 20-nor-3alpha-acetoxy-12-hydroxy-abieta-5,7,9,11,13-pentaene. these compounds were assayed against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, salmonella typhi, vibrio cholerae, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, and klebsiella pneumoniae. both compounds showed activity against s. aureus, s. epidermidis, s. typhi, and v. cholerae, but not ... | 2008 | 18404301 |
| limited functional conservation of a global regulator among related bacterial genera: lrp in escherichia, proteus and vibrio. | bacterial genome sequences are being determined rapidly, but few species are physiologically well characterized. predicting regulation from genome sequences usually involves extrapolation from better-studied bacteria, using the hypothesis that a conserved regulator, conserved target gene, and predicted regulator-binding site in the target promoter imply conserved regulation between the two species. however many compared organisms are ecologically and physiologically diverse, and the limits of ex ... | 2008 | 18405378 |
| the legionella autoinducer synthase lqsa produces an alpha-hydroxyketone signaling molecule. | the opportunistic pathogen legionella pneumophila replicates in human lung macrophages and in free-living amoebae. to accommodate the transfer between host cells, l. pneumophila switches from a replicative to a transmissive phase. l. pneumophila harbors a gene cluster homologous to the vibrio cholerae cqsas quorum sensing system, encoding a putative autoinducer synthase (lqsa) and a sensor kinase (lqss), which flank a response regulator (lqsr). lqsr is an element of the l. pneumophila virulence ... | 2008 | 18411263 |
| measurement of the binding of cholera toxin to gm1 gangliosides on solid supported lipid bilayer vesicles and inhibition by europium (iii) chloride. | in this paper the immobilization of small unilamellar dmpc/gm1 lipid vesicles containing a water-soluble bodipy dye is described. the binding of the complete alphabeta toxin expressed by vibrio cholerae to the attached vesicles was measured using surface plasmon resonance (spr) and a value of the dissociation constant k d obtained. further measurements showed that the interaction of both the alphabeta-toxin and the beta-subunit alone resulted in the permeation of the lipid membrane, with release ... | 2008 | 18412339 |
| complete sequence of the flor-carrying multiresistance plasmid pab5s9 from freshwater aeromonas bestiarum. | a multiresistant aeromonas bestiarum strain, shown to be persistent and spreading in a freshwater stream, was investigated for the presence, location and organization of antimicrobial resistance genes. | 2008 | 18413319 |
| cholera vaccines for the developing world. | cholera remains as a global public health threat affecting most of the developing world. in endemic areas, young children are most affected. outbreaks are reported increasingly from more countries. improvements in water and sanitation may be the mainstays of cholera prevention but in the short term, vaccines provide an alternative in cholera control. since 1999, the world health organization has advocated the use of oral cholera vaccines as an adjunct in the control of cholera. although internat ... | 2008 | 18414029 |
| molecular epidemiological studies of vibrio cholerae in bengal region. | vibrio cholerae isolates from environmental and clinical origins in the bengal region in which epidemics of cholera break out periodically were analyzed with particular emphasis on the molecular epidemiological features. the presence of the virulence genes (ctxa, tcpa and toxr) in the isolates was analyzed by the pcr (polymerase chain reaction) method. pfge (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) was performed to determine the clonal relationships between the clinical and environmental strains. antib ... | 2008 | 18432110 |
| interrupting vibrio cholerae infection of human epithelial cells with engineered commensal bacterial signaling. | vibrio cholerae el tor serotypes are largely responsible for outbreaks of cholera in the developing world. the infection cycle for some strains of v. cholerae is coordinated, at least in part, through quorum sensing. that is, the expression of virulence genes depends on the concentration of v. cholerae autoinducers cholera autoinducer 1 (cai-1) and autoinducer 2 (ai-2). high concentrations of cai-1 and ai-2 have been shown previously to inhibit virulence gene expression. we have demonstrated her ... | 2008 | 18433007 |
| expression of accessory colonization factor subunit a (acfa) of vibrio cholerae and acfa fused to cholera toxin b subunit in transgenic tomato (solanum lycopersicum). | in earlier study from our group, cholera toxin b subunit had been expressed in tomato for developing a plant-based vaccine against cholera. in the present investigation, gene for accessory colonization factor (acf) subunit a, earlier reported to be essential for efficient colonization in the intestine, has been expressed in escherichia coli as well as tomato plants. gene encoding for a chimeric protein having a fusion of cholera toxin b subunit and accessory colonization factor a was also expres ... | 2008 | 18436320 |
| fatal bacteremia due to immotile vibrio cholerae serogroup o21 in vientiane, laos - a case report. | human infections with non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae have been described from laos. elsewhere, non cholera-toxin producing, non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae have been described from blood cultures and ascitic fluid, although they are exceedingly rare isolates. | 2008 | 18439249 |
| lakes as source of cholera outbreaks, democratic republic of congo. | we studied the epidemiology of cholera in katanga and eastern kasai, in the democratic republic of congo, by compiling a database including all cases recorded from 2000 through 2005. results show that lakes were the sources of outbreaks and demonstrate the inadequacy of the strategy used to combat cholera. | 2008 | 18439365 |
| seasonal cholera from multiple small outbreaks, rural bangladesh. | clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae organisms collected from february 2004 through april 2005 were systematically isolated from 2 rural bangladeshi locales. their genetic relatedness was evaluated at 5 loci that contained a variable number of tandem repeats (vntr). the observed minimal overlap in vntr patterns between the 2 communities was consistent with sequential, small outbreaks from local sources. | 2008 | 18439375 |
| preservation of vibrio cholerae by suspension in normal saline. | | 2008 | 18445968 |
| physiology of microbes in biofilms. | microbial biofilms are governed by an intricate interplay between physical-chemical factors and the physiological and genetic properties of the inhabiting microbes. many of the physiological traits that are exhibited in a biofilm environment have been observed and studied previously in detail in planktonic cultures. however, their differential and combinatorial phenotypic expression in distinct subpopulations localized to different regions in a biofilm is the cause for the overall biofilm hetero ... | 2008 | 18453270 |
| diarrhoeal outbreak of vibrio cholerae 01 inaba in delhi. | v. cholerae o1 eltor serotype ogawa has been causing most of the cholera outbreaks in india till recently. however this communication reports the occurrence of vibrio cholerae o1 inaba in delhi in 2005, as a predominant causative organism of cholera in children. all strains isolated were sensitive to gentamicin and a high level of resistance towards nalidixic acid and amoxicillin was seen. there was no case fatality. | 2008 | 18453505 |
| crystallization and preliminary characterization of a novel haem-binding protein of streptomyces reticuli. | streptomyces reticuli is a soil-growing gram-positive bacteria that has been shown to secrete a novel haem-binding protein known as hbps. sequence analysis reveals that homologues of hbps are found in a wide variety of bacteria, including different actinobacteria and the gram-negative vibrio cholera and klebsiella pneumoniae. the in vivo production of hbps is greatly increased when s. reticuli is cultured in the presence of the natural antibiotic haemin (fe3+ oxidized form of haem). mutational a ... | 2008 | 18453708 |
| oxidant-induced formation of a neutral flavosemiquinone in the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na+-nqr) from vibrio cholerae. | the na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr) from the human pathogen vibrio cholerae is a respiratory flavo-fes complex composed of the six subunits nqra-f. the na(+)-nqr was produced as his(6)-tagged protein by homologous expression in v. cholerae. the isolated complex contained near-stoichiometric amounts of non-covalently bound fad (0.78 mol/mol na(+)-nqr) and riboflavin (0.70 mol/mol na(+)-nqr), catalyzed nadh-driven na(+) transport (40 nmol na(+)min(-1) mg(-1)), and was i ... | 2008 | 18454933 |
| integration host factor positively regulates virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae. | virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae is dependent upon a complex transcriptional cascade that is influenced by both specific and global regulators in response to environmental stimuli. here, we report that the global regulator integration host factor (ihf) positively affects virulence gene expression in v. cholerae. inactivation of ihfa and ihfb, the genes encoding the ihf subunits, decreased the expression levels of the two main virulence factors tcpa and ctx and prevented toxin-coregul ... | 2008 | 18456804 |
| functional analysis of the essential gtp-binding-protein-coding gene cgta of vibrio cholerae. | the cgta gene, coding for the conserved g protein cgta, is essential in bacteria. in contrast to a previous report, here we show by using genetic analysis that cgta is essential in vibrio cholerae even in a delta rela background. depletion of cgta affected the growth of v. cholerae and rendered the cells highly sensitive to the replication inhibitor hydroxyurea. overexpression of v. cholerae cgta caused distinct elongation of escherichia coli cells. deletion analysis indicated that the c-termina ... | 2008 | 18456812 |
| the extracellular metalloprotease of vibrio tubiashii is a major virulence factor for pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) larvae. | vibrio tubiashii is a recently reemerging pathogen of larval bivalve mollusks, causing both toxigenic and invasive disease. marine vibrio spp. produce an array of extracellular products as potential pathogenicity factors. culture supernatants of v. tubiashii have been shown to be toxic to oyster larvae and were reported to contain a metalloprotease and a cytolysin/hemolysin. however, the structural genes responsible for these proteins have yet to be identified, and it is uncertain which extracel ... | 2008 | 18456850 |
| outbreak news. severe acute watery diarrhoea with cases positive for vibrio cholerae, viet nam. | | 2008 | 18456905 |
| environmental vibrio cholerae o139 may be the progenitor of outbreak of cholera in coastal area of orissa, eastern india, 2000: molecular evidence. | | 2008 | 18458319 |
| distribution of genes for virulence and ecological fitness among diverse vibrio cholerae population in a cholera endemic area: tracking the evolution of pathogenic strains. | the pathogenic strains of vibrio cholerae that cause acute enteric infections in humans are derived from environmental nonpathogenic strains. to track the evolution of pathogenic v. cholerae and identify potential precursors of new pathogenic strains, we analyzed 324 environmental or clinical v. cholerae isolates for the presence of diverse genes involved in virulence or ecological fitness. of 251 environmental non-o1, non-o139 strains tested, 10 (3.9%) carried the toxin coregulated pilus (tcp) ... | 2008 | 18462070 |
| quadruplex pcr for simultaneous detection of serotype, biotype, toxigenic potential, and central regulating factor of vibrio cholerae. | a quadruplex pcr was developed for the simultaneous detection of genes specific for vibrio cholerae o1 and/or o139 serogroup (wbe and/or wbf), cholera toxin a subunit (ctxa), toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa), and central regulating protein toxr (toxr) in a single tube reaction. this is a simple, rapid, and accurate approach for the detection of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 and/or o139 and can prevent the rapid spread of the disease by early detection. | 2008 | 18463208 |
| the metalloprotease prtv from vibrio cholerae. | the vibrio metalloprotease prtv was purified from the culture supernatant of a vibrio cholerae derivative that is deficient in several other secreted peptidases, including the otherwise abundant hemagglutinin/protease hapa. the prtv is synthesized as a 102 kda protein, but undergoes several n- and c-terminal processing steps during v. cholerae envelope translocation and prolonged incubation. purified v. cholerae prtv protease forms of 81 or 73 kda were stabilized by calcium ions. removal of calc ... | 2008 | 18479458 |
| representing health, disorder and their transitions by digraphs. | in this study clinical decision making (cdm) is formalized by representing the aetiology and the human body by one directed graph (digraph) and using standard digraph operators (change, add, delete, contract) to model transitions between health and disorder. all nodes of the digraph have the same composite structure <localization, carrier, agent>. for example, an aetiology node is <ganges river, water, vibrio cholera>. paths in the aetiology subdigraph model epidemiological spread. virulent path ... | 2008 | 18487720 |
| vibrio cholerae rnd family efflux systems are required for antimicrobial resistance, optimal virulence factor production, and colonization of the infant mouse small intestine. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative human intestinal pathogen that causes the diarrheal disease cholera. humans acquire cholera by ingesting v. cholerae-contaminated food or water. upon ingestion, v. cholerae encounters several barriers to colonization, including bile acid toxicity and antimicrobial products of the innate immune system. in many gram-negative bacteria, resistance to the antimicrobial effects of these products is mediated by rnd (resistance-nodulation-division) family efflux system ... | 2008 | 18490456 |
| crystal structure of a putative lysostaphin peptidase from vibrio cholerae. | | 2008 | 18498110 |
| dual role colonization factors connecting vibrio cholerae's lifestyles in human and aquatic environments open new perspectives for combating infectious diseases. | vibrio cholerae exhibits two distinctive lifestyles, one inside the milieu of the human intestine and the other in the aquatic environment. recently, the existence of v. cholerae ligands involved in colonization of both human intestine and environmental chitin surfaces via the same binding specificity has been shown. such molecules, here named 'dual role colonization factors (drcfs)', are example of a tight connection between the two v. cholerae's lifestyles. it is suggested that drcfs and, more ... | 2008 | 18501582 |
| filamentous vibriophage fs2 encoding the rstc gene integrates into the same chromosomal region as the ctx phage [corrected]. | the genome of the filamentous phage of vibrio cholerae fs2 was found to contain rstc and rstb1 (truncated) genes downstream of orf500. att-fs2-dir and att-fs2-rev sequences homologous to that of att-ctxphi were found between orf500 and rstc of the fs2 genome. this prompted us to search for the integration site of fs2 in the genomes of v. cholerae o1 and o139. the genome of fs2 was found to integrate downstream of attrs of the ctxphi phage, which integrated into chromosome i of v. cholerae o1 and ... | 2008 | 18503544 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 hybrid el tor strains, asia and africa. | | 2008 | 18507925 |
| identification of a new rtx-like gene cluster in vibrio cholerae. | a gene cluster containing two genes in tandem has been identified in vibrio cholerae eltor n16961. each has more than one cadherin domain and is homologous to the rtx toxin family and was common in various v. cholerae strains. insertional mutagenesis demonstrated that each gene has a role in hep-2 cell rounding, hemolytic activity towards human and sheep rbcs and biofilm formation. the mutants showed reduced adherence to intestinal epithelial cells as well as reduction of in vivo colonization in ... | 2008 | 18510562 |
| a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the bivalent killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine in adults and children in a cholera endemic area in kolkata, india. | an effective vaccine against cholera has been used for public health purposes in vietnam since the 1990s. this vaccine was reformulated to meet who requirements. we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of the reformulated bivalent (vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139) killed whole cell oral vaccine in a cholera endemic area in kolkata, india. | 2008 | 18523643 |
| biofilms in water, its role and impact in human disease transmission. | understanding the mechanism of biofilm formation is the first step in determining its function and, thereby, its impact and role in the environment. extensive studies accomplished during the past few years have elucidated the genetics and biochemistry of biofilm formation. cell-to-cell communication, that is, quorum sensing, is a key factor in the initiation of biofilm. occurrence of viable but nonculturable bacteria, including vibrio cholerae in biofilms has been reported and most likely such c ... | 2008 | 18524568 |
| the ecology of vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in north carolina estuaries. | while numerous studies have characterized the distribution and/or ecology of various pathogenic vibrio spp., here we have simultaneously examined several estuarine sites for vibrio vulnificus, v. cholerae, and v. parahaemolyticus. for a one year period, waters and sediment were monitored for the presence of these three pathogens at six different sites on the east coast of north carolina in the united states. all three pathogens, identified using colony hybridization and pcr methods, occurred in ... | 2008 | 18545963 |
| sensitive and rapid detection of cholera toxin-producing vibrio cholerae using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | vibrio cholerae is widely acknowledged as one of the most important waterborne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders. cholera toxin (ct) is a major virulence determinant of v. cholerae. detection of ct-producing v. cholerae using conventional culture-, biochemical- and immunological-based assays is time-consuming and laborious, requiring more than three days. thus, we developed a novel and highly specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the sensitive and rapid detec ... | 2008 | 18547441 |
| fluorescently labeled liposomes for monitoring cholera toxin binding to epithelial cells. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent for cholera, expresses a toxin required for virulence consisting of two subunits: the pentameric cholera toxin b (ctb) and cholera toxin a (cta). ctb is frequently used as an indicator of the presence of pathogenic v. cholerae and binds to the g(m1) ganglioside on the surface of epithelial cells. to study v. cholerae virulence (ctb expression) in the presence of human epithelia, we devised an inexpensive, simple, and rapid method for quantifying ctb bound on ... | 2008 | 18549803 |
| genetic analyses of the putative o and k antigen gene clusters of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus. | pandemic v. parahaemolyticus strains have rapidly changed their serotypes, but its determinants, especially k antigen, and the genes involved in serotype have been an open question. the purpose of this study was to gain insights into these points. although v. parahaemolyticus is known to be lacking o-side chain on its lipopolysaccharide, and o antigens are thought to be represented by core os, the genome sequence of v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 strain rimd2210633 suggests that this bacterium potent ... | 2008 | 18557895 |
| risk of bacteremia in bleeding and nonbleeding gastric varices after endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate. | bacteremia is common in cirrhosis with gastrointestinal bleeding, including variceal bleeding. elective esophageal sclerotherapy and banding have been reported to cause bacteremia. the risk associated with therapeutic endoscopy in patients with gastric varices has not yet been reported. this study was conducted to compare the risk of bacteremia between patients with active gastric variceal bleeding and those with gastric varices that were not actively bleeding who underwent n-butyl-2-cyanoacryla ... | 2008 | 18561097 |
| vaccination with dukoral against travelers' diarrhea (etec) and cholera. | there is currently only one vaccine available that provides protection against diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae and, to a lesser degree, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). adverse events of this oral whole-cell/recombinant b-subunit vaccine have been negligible. protective efficacy against cholera is 85%, while protection against the heat-labile toxin of etec reaches 67%. there is still a need for data on protection of western travelers against travelers' diarrhea in general by dukoral v ... | 2008 | 18564011 |
| a defined transposon mutant library and its use in identifying motility genes in vibrio cholerae. | defined mutant libraries allow for efficient genome-scale screening and provide a convenient collection of mutations in almost any nonessential gene of interest. here, we present a near-saturating transposon insertion library in vibrio cholerae strain c6706, a clinical isolate belonging to the o1 el tor biotype responsible for the current cholera pandemic. automated sequencing analysis of 23,312 mutants allowed us to build a 3,156-member subset library containing a representative insertion in ev ... | 2008 | 18574146 |
| development and validation of a mismatch amplification mutation pcr assay to monitor the dissemination of an emerging variant of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor. | a mismatch amplification mutation pcr assay was developed and validated for rapid detection of the biotype specific cholera toxin b subunit of v. cholerae o1. this assay will enable easy monitoring of the spread of a new emerging variant of the el tor biotype of v. cholerae o1. | 2008 | 18577166 |
| analysis of lolb gene sequence and its use in the development of a pcr assay for the detection of vibrio cholerae. | a pcr assay has been developed based on a lolb (hemm) gene, which was found to be highly conserved among the vibrio cholerae species but non-conserved among the other enteric bacteria. the lolb pcr detected all o1, o139 and non-o1/non-o139 serogroup and biotypes of v. cholerae. the analytical specificity of this assay was 100% while the analytical sensitivity was 10 pg/microl and 10(3) cfu/ml at dna and bacterial level respectively. the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 98.5% and 100% r ... | 2008 | 18579241 |
| oligomerization of vibrio cholerae hemolysin induces cxcr3 upregulation and activation of b-1a cell. | the hemolysin oligomer promotes the proliferation of b-1a cells and the expression of cd25, which is indicative of cell activation, on b-1a cells. the upregulation of cd86 induced by the oligomer showed its selective bias for the b7-2 member of b7 family while the monomer failed to induce these effects. the oligomer induced the expression of cxcr3, associated with b cell activation, while the monomer induced the expression of cxcl4, a powerful angiostatic chemokine. in conclusion, we found that ... | 2008 | 18582406 |
| construction of a vibrio cholerae prototype vaccine strain o395-n1-e1 which accumulates cell-associated cholera toxin b subunit. | because of its production and use in vietnam, the most widely used oral cholera vaccine consists of heat- or formalin-killed vibrio cholerae whole cells (wc). an earlier version of this type of vaccine called whole cell-recombinant b subunit vaccine (bs-wc) produced in sweden also contained the b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb). both wc and bs-wc vaccines produced moderate levels of protection in field trials designed to evaluate their cholera efficacy. v. cholerae cells in these vaccines induce ... | 2008 | 18582519 |
| vibrio cholerae vcib promotes iron uptake via ferrous iron transporters. | vibrio cholerae uses a variety of strategies for obtaining iron in its diverse environments. in this study we report the identification of a novel iron utilization protein in v. cholerae, vcib. the vcib gene and its linked gene, vcia, were isolated in a screen for v. cholerae genes that permitted growth of an escherichia coli siderophore mutant in low-iron medium. the vciab operon encodes a predicted tonb-dependent outer membrane receptor, vcia, and a putative inner membrane protein, vcib. vcib, ... | 2008 | 18586940 |
| proteomic analysis of vibrio cholerae in human stool. | an effective vaccine for vibrio cholerae is not yet available for use in the developing world, where the burden of cholera disease is highest. characterizing the proteins that are expressed by v. cholerae in the human host environment may provide insight into the pathogenesis of cholera and assist with the development of an improved vaccine. we analyzed the v. cholerae proteins present in the stools of 32 patients with clinical cholera. the v. cholerae outer membrane porin, ompu, was identified ... | 2008 | 18591230 |
| structure-function analysis of inositol hexakisphosphate-induced autoprocessing of the vibrio cholerae multifunctional autoprocessing rtx toxin. | vibrio cholerae secretes a large virulence-associated multifunctional autoprocessing rtx toxin (martx(vc)). autoprocessing of this toxin by an embedded cysteine protease domain (cpd) is essential for this toxin to induce actin depolymerization in a broad range of cell types. a homologous cpd is also present in the large clostridial toxin tcdb and recent studies showed that inositol hexakisphosphate (ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)p(6) or insp(6)) stimulated the autoprocessing of tcdb dependent upon the cpd (eg ... | 2008 | 18591243 |
| [vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139: susceptibility to antibiotics during 7th cholera pandemic]. | the review presents data on circulation of antibiotic resistant and susceptible strains of vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 isolated from cholera patients and healthy persons as well as from the environment, in asia, africa, australia, and europe (including new independent states) during 7th cholera pandemic. | 2008 | 18595476 |
| new qnr gene cassettes associated with superintegron repeats in vibrio cholerae o1. | a novel qnr determinant emerged in ciprofloxacin-resistant vibrio cholerae o1 from the amazon region of brazil. this qnrvc1 was in a typical class 1 integron. its attc showed 89% identity with v. parahaemolyticus superintegron repeats. analysis showed v. cholerae o1 carrying qnrvc2 associated with a v. cholerae superintegron repeat. | 2008 | 18598639 |
| vibrio porteresiae sp. nov., a diazotrophic bacterium isolated from a mangrove-associated wild rice (porteresia coarctata tateoka). | two facultatively anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (strains mssrf30(t) and mssrf31) were isolated from a mangrove-associated wild rice (porteresia coarctata tateoka). these strains were determined to be nitrogen-fixers using the acetylene reduction assay and by pcr detection of a nifh gene amplicon. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that the novel strains were most closely related to vibrio fluvialis lmg 7894(t) (96.8 % gene sequence similarity), vibrio furnissi ... | 2008 | 18599703 |
| wings of the common house fly (musca domestica l.): importance in mechanical transmission of vibrio cholerae. | the importance of house fly (musca domestica l) wings in mechanical transmission of bacteria was studied. a droplet of phosphate-buffered saline containing vibrio cholerae was rolled along one wing of each house fly. none adhered to the wings but small proportions of the bacterium were isolated from about half the wings. vibrio cholerae was spread onto the ventral wing surfaces of each unconscious house fly which then was placed inside a bottle. when it regained consciousness, the types of activ ... | 2008 | 18600198 |
| determination of clonality and relatedness of vibrio cholerae isolates by genomic fingerprinting, using long-range repetitive element sequence-based pcr. | a high-throughput method which is applicable for rapid screening, identification, and delineation of isolates of vibrio cholerae, sensitive to genome variation, and capable of providing phylogenetic inferences enhances environmental monitoring of this bacterium. we have developed and optimized a method for genomic fingerprinting of v. cholerae based on long-range pcr. the method uses a primer set directed to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences, a high-fidelity dna polymeras ... | 2008 | 18606790 |
| mucosal penetration primes vibrio cholerae for host colonization by repressing quorum sensing. | to successfully infect a host and cause the diarrheal disease cholera, vibrio cholerae must penetrate the intestinal mucosal layer and express virulence genes. previous studies have demonstrated that the transcriptional regulator hapr, which is part of the quorum sensing network in v. cholerae, represses the expression of virulence genes. here, we show that hapr expression is also modulated by the regulatory network that governs flagellar assembly. specifically, flia, which is the alternative si ... | 2008 | 18606988 |
| lateral gene transfer of o1 serogroup encoding genes of vibrio cholerae. | in gram-negative bacteria, the o-antigen-encoding genes may be transferred between lineages, although mechanisms are not fully understood. to assess possible lateral gene transfer (lgt), 21 argentinean vibrio cholerae o-group 1 (o1) isolates were examined using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to determine the genetic relatedness of housekeeping genes and genes from the o1 gene cluster. mslt analysis revealed that 4.4% of the nucleotides in the seven housekeeping loci were variable, with six di ... | 2008 | 18616601 |
| excess seqa leads to replication arrest and a cell division defect in vibrio cholerae. | although most bacteria contain a single circular chromosome, some have complex genomes, and all vibrio species studied so far contain both a large and a small chromosome. in recent years, the divided genome of vibrio cholerae has proven to be an interesting model system with both parallels to and novel features compared with the genome of escherichia coli. while factors influencing the replication and segregation of both chromosomes have begun to be elucidated, much remains to be learned about t ... | 2008 | 18621898 |
| high cell density fermentation of recombinant vibrio cholerae for the production of b subunit of escherichia coli enterotoxin. | high cell density fermentation studies were performed to produce the b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) from a vibrio cholerae culture that carries a recombinant plasmid with an ampicillin resistance gene, tac promoter, and the gene encoding ltb. upon induction with isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg) the culture secreted the protein into the extracellular milieu. fed-batch fermentation with stepwise addition of a total of 5 mm of iptg during the active growth ... | 1995 | 18623144 |
| bactericidal effect of lactoferrin and lactoferrin chimera against halophilic vibrio parahaemolyticus. | infections caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus, an halophilic member of the genus vibrio, have increased globally in the last 5 years. diarrhea caused by v. parahaemolyticus results from eating raw or undercooked seafood. the aim of this work was to investigate whether lactoferrin and some lactoferrin-peptides have bactericidal activity against vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17802, the pandemic strain o3:k6, and the multidrug resistant isolate 727, as well as against vibrio cholerae strains o1 and n ... | 2009 | 18625283 |
| overview of the inactivation by 254 nm ultraviolet radiation of bacteria with particular relevance to biodefense. | our goal was to ultimately predict the sensitivity of untested bacteria (including those of biodefense interest) to ultraviolet (uv) radiation. in this study, we present an overview and analysis of the relevant 254 nm data previously reported and available in the literature. the amount of variability in this data prevented us from determining an "average" response for any bacterium. therefore, we developed particular selection criteria to include the data in our analysis and suggested future gui ... | 2008 | 18627518 |
| functional independence of a variant luxopl91 from a non-o1 non-o139 vibrio cholerae over the activity of csra and fis. | | 2008 | 18628511 |
| intra-family transmission of vibrio cholerae during a cholera epidemic in rural south-southern nigeria. | | 2008 | 18628554 |
| cell harvesting by cross-flow microfiltration using a shear-enhanced module. | protein, produced by a bacterial culture of recombinant vibrio cholerae, was separated from cells in a fermentation broth by cross-flow microfiltration. a new, mechanically agitated (rotational) shear filter, the dmf(tm) filter from pall, was used to perform the separation. higher protein recovery and permeate flux than commonly obtained during cell harvesting were demonstrated using sixfold concentration followed by twofold diafiltration. the transmembrane pressure only increased by 10 kpa when ... | 1996 | 18629909 |
| polish up on past pestilence and present pathogens. | the cases presented here illustrate potential epidemic or pandemic events that once-silent pathogens portend. developing countries, where defenses are limited, are primary targets. of future concern are the developed countries that fail to use rigorous control measures established by the cdc, the who, and others to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. international travel has brought changes in demographics and a greater need for surveillance programs to control selective antibiotic resist ... | 2008 | 18630097 |
| abundance of sewage-pollution indicator and human pathogenic bacteria in a tropical estuarine complex. | studies on abundance and types of various pollution indicator bacterial populations from tropical estuaries are rare. this study was aimed to estimate current levels of pollution indicator as well as many groups of human pathogenic bacteria and their seasonal variations in different locations in mandovi and zuari rivers in the central west coast of india. the sampling covered the estuarine and upstream regions of these rivers representing premonsoon (may 2005), monsoon (september 2006) and post- ... | 2009 | 18633722 |
| motility and flagellin gene expression in the fish pathogen vibrio salmonicida: effects of salinity and temperature. | the success of several vibrio species, including vibrio cholerae, vibrio anguillarum and vibrio fischeri in colonizing their symbiont, or causing infection is linked to flagella-based motility. it is during early colonization or the initial phase of infection that motility appears to be critical. in this study we used vibrio salmonicida, a psychrophilic and moderate halophilic bacterium that causes cold-water vibriosis in seawater-farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar), to study motility and expre ... | 2008 | 18634865 |
| riboswitches in eubacteria sense the second messenger cyclic di-gmp. | cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (di-gmp) is a circular rna dinucleotide that functions as a second messenger in diverse species of bacteria to trigger wide-ranging physiological changes, including cell differentiation, conversion between motile and biofilm lifestyles, and virulence gene expression. however, the mechanisms by which cyclic di-gmp regulates gene expression have remained a mystery. we found that cyclic di-gmp in many bacterial species is sensed by a riboswitch class in messenger r ... | 2008 | 18635805 |
| molecular typing of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates from thailand by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | the aim of the present study was to genotypically characterize vibrio cholerae strains isolated from cholera patients in various provinces of thailand. two hundred and forty v. cholerae o1 strains, isolated from patients with cholera during two outbreaks, i.e. march 1999-april 2000 and december 2001-february 2002, in thailand, were genotypically characterized by noti digestion and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). in total, 17 pfge banding patterns were found and grouped into four dice-co ... | 2008 | 18637531 |
| ballast water as a vector of coral pathogens in the gulf of mexico: the case of the cayo arcas coral reef. | the discharge of nutrients, phytoplankton and pathogenic bacteria through ballast water may threaten the cayo arcas reef system. to assess this threat, the quality of ballast water and presence of coral reef pathogenic bacteria in 30 oil tankers loaded at the pemex cayo arcas crude oil terminal were determined. the water transported in the ships originated from coastal, oceanic or riverine regions. statistical associations among quality parameters and bacteria were tested using redundancy analys ... | 2008 | 18639903 |
| putative virulence traits and pathogenicity of vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 isolates from surface waters in kolkata, india. | vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 was isolated from natural surface waters from different sites sampled in diarrhea endemic zones in kolkata, india. twenty-one of these isolates were randomly selected and included in the characterization. the multiserogroup isolates were compared by their virulence traits with a group of clinical non-o1, non-o139 isolates from the same geographic area. of the 21 environmental isolates, 6 and 14 strains belonged to heiberg groups i and ii, respectively. three of t ... | 2008 | 18641168 |
| atp negatively regulates the initiator protein of vibrio cholerae chromosome ii replication. | vibrio cholerae, the agent of cholera, has two circular chromosomes. in bacteria that contain a single chromosome, initiation of chromosome dna replication is mediated by dnaa, a aaa+ atpase that unwinds the origin of replication. there is little knowledge regarding initiation of chromosome replication in bacteria with more than one chromosome. here, we purified v. cholerae dnaa and rctb, which have been implicated in the replication of v. cholerae chromosome ii, and characterized their activiti ... | 2008 | 18647828 |
| investigation towards bivalent chemically defined glycoconjugate immunogens prepared from acid-detoxified lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o1, serotype inaba. | a free amino group present on the acid-detoxified lipopolysaccharide (pmlps) of v. cholerae o1 serotype inaba was investigated for site-specific conjugation. chemoselective pmlps biotinylation afforded the corresponding mono-functionalized derivative, which retained antigenicity. thus, pmlps was bound to carrier proteins using thioether conjugation chemistry. induction of an anti-lps antibody (ab) response in balb/c mice was observed for all conjugates. interestingly, the sera had vibriocidal ac ... | 2009 | 18648931 |
| trend of antibiotic resistance of vibrio cholerae strains from east delhi. | epidemics of cholera caused by toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 (bengal strain) represent a major public health problem in most developing countries. in view of the reported shift in epidemiology and pattern of antibiotic resistance in this was study carried out to assess the development of resistance to essential drugs like fluoroquinolones during treatment of cholera and cholera like cases in delhi. | 2008 | 18653912 |
| simultaneous detection of six human diarrheal pathogens by using dna microarray combined with tyramide signal amplification. | multiplex pcr and dna microarray were combined with tyramide signal amplification (tsa) to develop a reliable method suitable for simultaneous detection of six species of human diarrheal pathogens (yersinia enterocolitica, shigella spp, salmonella typhi, brucella spp, vibrio cholera and escherichia coli o157:h7). meanwhile, our method could distinguish v. cholera serotype o1 from o139, and o157:h7 from o157: non-h7. this assay conferred a specificity of 100% for target pathogens. the limit of de ... | 2008 | 18655810 |
| a new variant of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor causing cholera in india. | | 2008 | 18657323 |
| a cluster of vibrio cholerae o1 infections in french travelers to rajasthan (india), may 2006. | a woman aged 60 years was hospitalized for vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 cholera. twenty-six fellow travelers and 48 health care workers who cared for the patient were individually traced and contacted. of the 23/27 travelers with diarrhea during the trip, 4 presented antibodies. there was no person-to-person transmission. | 2008 | 18666928 |
| cholera, 2007. | | 2008 | 18668979 |
| comparison of detection and signal amplification methods for dna microarrays. | one of the factors limiting the use of dna microarray technology for the detection of pathogenic organisms from clinical and environmental matrices has been inadequate assay sensitivity. to assess the effectiveness of post-hybridization secondary detection steps to enhance the sensitivity of dna microarray-based pathogen detection, we evaluated a panel of 11 commercial and novel hybridization detection and signal amplification methods (direct labeling, indirect aminoallyl labeling, antibody, dna ... | 2008 | 18675897 |
| the vibrio cholerae hybrid sensor kinase vies contributes to motility and biofilm regulation by altering the cyclic diguanylate level. | phosphorelay systems are important mediators of signal transduction during bacterial adaptation to new environments. previously we described the viesab operon, encoding a putative three-protein component phosphorelay involved in regulating vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression. at least part of the regulatory activity of viesab is exerted through the cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp)-degrading activity of the putative response regulator viea. so far no direct evidence that viesab encodes a phosp ... | 2008 | 18676667 |
| immunization with vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles induces protective immunity in mice. | the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae releases outer membrane vesicles (omvs) during growth. in this study, we immunized female mice by the intranasal, intragastric, or intraperitoneal route with purified omvs derived from v. cholerae. independent of the route of immunization, mice induced specific, high-titer immune responses of similar levels against a variety of antigens present in the omvs. after the last immunization, the half-maximum total immunoglobulin titer was stable over a 3-mon ... | 2008 | 18678672 |
| a new vibrio cholerae srna modulates colonization and affects release of outer membrane vesicles. | we discovered a new small non-coding rna (srna) gene, vrra of vibrio cholerae o1 strain a1552. a vrra mutant overproduces ompa porin, and we demonstrate that the 140 nt vrra rna represses ompa translation by base-pairing with the 5' region of the mrna. the rna chaperone hfq is not stringently required for vrra action, but expression of the vrra gene requires the membrane stress sigma factor, sigma(e), suggesting that vrra acts on ompa in response to periplasmic protein folding stress. we also ob ... | 2008 | 18681937 |
| [distribution and molecular characteristics of vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 isolates in estuary of pearl river]. | through systematic monitoring of the number and strain types of o1 and o139 vibrio cholerae in the pearl river estuary waters to analyze it's relevance with the temperature of environment, and the relevance between strains in water and isolates during outbreaks and epidemics as well as to estimate the methods used for environmental water detection and the potential role in cholera surveillance program. | 2008 | 18686854 |
| effectiveness and kinetics of ferrate as a disinfectant for ballast water. | this study examined whether ferrate could meet the international standards for successful ballast water treatment, including final concentrations of less than 1 cfu/ml of enterococci, less than 2.5 cfu/ml of escherichia coli, and less than 1 cfu/100 ml of vibrio cholerae. pure cultures of e. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and v. cholerae, and a mixed culture of enterococcus faecium and e. faecilis were grown in saline solution to simulate ballast water and were treated with dosages of ferrate rang ... | 2008 | 18686931 |