| unexpected functional diversity among fadr fatty acid transcriptional regulatory proteins. | the fadr protein of escherichia coli has been shown to play a dual role in transcription of the genes of bacterial fatty acid metabolism. the protein acts as a repressor of beta-oxidation and an activator of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. fadr dna binding is antagonized by long chain acyl-coas, and thus fadr acts as a sensor of fatty acid availability in the environment. when viewed from a genomic viewpoint, fadr proteins are unusual in that the dna binding domain is very highly conserved amo ... | 2005 | 16027119 |
| randomized, controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of peru-15, a live attenuated oral vaccine candidate for cholera, in adult volunteers in bangladesh. | background: a live oral vibrio cholerae o1 el tor vaccine candidate, peru-15, was studied for safety, immunogenicity, and excretion in phase 1 (inpatient) and phase 2 (outpatient) studies of bangladeshi adults.methods. the study was conducted among adults, by use of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. a single dose of peru-15 (approximately 2 x 108 cfu) or placebo (buffer only) was given in standard bicarbonate and ascorbic acid buffer.results. study treatment did not elicit a ... | 2005 | 16028125 |
| [cholera at the beginning of the xxi century. prognosis]. | the worldwide epidemiological situation in cholera el tor at the beginning of this century is presented; among its characteristic features are continued extensive epidemics and outbreaks in african and asian countries with cases of import of this infection to other continents. outbreaks caused by a new variant of the infective agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae o139, are still registered at limited territories in the countries of south-east asia. in some cis countries (azerbaijan, kazakhstan and ... | 2005 | 16028512 |
| [characterization of enteropathogenic vibrio cholerae non o1/o139 isolated in uzbekistan]. | the results of the serotyping of 244 v. cholerae non o1/o139 cultures isolated from patients in uzbekistan in 2000 and 2001 are presented. all isolates were studied by the method of molecular probing and in the polymerase chain reaction for the presence of virulence genes and for sensitivity to phages ctx+, ctx- and hemolytic activity. the use of monoreceptor o-sera o2-o83 made it possible to determine vibrios of 32 serogroups with the dominating role in the etiology of acute enteric diseases be ... | 2005 | 16028522 |
| characterization of the vibrio cholerae vcecab multiple-drug resistance efflux operon in escherichia coli. | herein, we identify vcec as a component of a vcecab operon, which codes for the vibrio cholerae vceab multiple-drug resistance (mdr) efflux pump, and vcer, which codes for a transcriptional autoregulatory protein that negatively regulates the expression of the vcecab operon and is modulated by some of the substrates of this mdr efflux pump. | 2005 | 16030246 |
| investigation of seven vibrio virulence genes among vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from the coastal mariculture systems in guangdong, china. | to investigate the distribution of the virulence of two vibrio species among different strains obtained from the mariculture systems on the coast of guangdong in china and the correlation between the virulence strains and the virulence genes among vibrio alginolyticus. | 2005 | 16033522 |
| tcpf is a soluble colonization factor and protective antigen secreted by el tor and classical o1 and o139 vibrio cholerae serogroups. | vibrio cholerae causes diarrhea by colonizing the human small bowel and intoxicating epithelial cells. colonization is a required step in pathogenesis, and strains defective for colonization are significantly attenuated. the best-characterized v. cholerae colonization factor is the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). it has been demonstrated that tcp is required for v. cholerae colonization in both humans and mice. tcp enhances bacterial interactions that allow microcolony formation and thereby promo ... | 2005 | 16040956 |
| transcriptional profiling of vibrio cholerae recovered directly from patient specimens during early and late stages of human infection. | understanding gene expression by bacteria during the actual course of human infection may provide important insights into microbial pathogenesis. in this study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, in clinical specimens from cholera patients. we collected samples of human stool and vomitus that were positive by dark-field microscopy for abundant vibrios and used a microarray to compare gene expression in organisms recovered directly from sp ... | 2005 | 16040959 |
| peptides mimicking vibrio cholerae o139 capsular polysaccharide elicit protective antibody response. | vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera. v. cholerae serogroup o1 had been, until 1992, the only serogroup responsible for large epidemics and pandemics of cholera. in 1992, a new serotype of v. cholerae emerged in south-east asia that caused a massive outbreak of cholera in india and neighboring countries. the new serotype was named v. cholerae o139. the main differences between v. cholerae o139 and o1 are that the former possesses a capsular polysaccharide and different lipopolysac ... | 2005 | 16046165 |
| srnapredict: an integrative computational approach to identify srnas in bacterial genomes. | small non-coding bacterial rnas (srnas) play important regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. nearly all known srnas have been identified in escherichia coli and most of these are not conserved in the majority of other bacterial species. many of the e.coli srnas were initially predicted through bioinformatic approaches based on their common features, namely that they are encoded between annotated open reading frames and are flanked by predictable transcription signals. because prom ... | 2005 | 16049021 |
| influence of water temperature and salinity on seasonal occurrences of vibrio cholerae and enteric bacteria in oyster-producing areas of veracruz, méxico. | the influence of temperature and salinity on the occurrence of vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli and salmonella spp. associated with water and oyster samples was investigated in two lagoons on the atlantic coast of veracruz, mexico over a 1-year period. the results indicated that seasonal salinity variability and warm temperatures, as well as nutrient influx, may influence the occurrence of v. cholera. non-o1 and o1. the conditions found in the alvarado (31.12 degrees c, 6.27 per thousand, ph=8. ... | 2005 | 16061261 |
| subtractive hybridization reveals a high genetic diversity in the fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida: evidence of a sxt-like element. | photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, a severe disease affecting cultured marine fish worldwide. in this study, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify dna fragments present in the virulent strain pc554.2, but absent in the avirulent strain epoy 8803-ii. twenty-one genomic regions of this type (that included twenty-six distinct putative orfs) were analysed by dna sequencing. twenty orfs encoded proteins with homology to protein ... | 2005 | 16079344 |
| the eal domain protein viea is a cyclic diguanylate phosphodiesterase. | the newly recognized bacterial second messenger 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp)) has been shown to regulate a wide variety of bacterial behaviors and traits. biosynthesis and degradation of c-di-gmp have been attributed to the ggdef and eal protein domains, respectively, based primarily on genetic evidence. whereas the ggdef domain was demonstrated to possess diguanylate cyclase activity in vitro, the eal domain has not been tested directly for c-di-gmp phosphodiester ... | 2005 | 16081414 |
| process development for a cuban cholera vaccine based on the attenuated strain vibrio cholerae 638. | genetically modified vibrio cholerae strain 638 (biotype el tor, serotype ogawa) has previously been shown to be immunogenic in animal models and in human trials. our objective in the work reported herein was to describe the process development methods for the production of the 638 attenuated cholera vaccine. cell seed bank, culture of biomass, lyophilization and final formulation were processes were developed. the results show kinetics of culture that fulfils a logistical model. the microbiolog ... | 2006 | 16085342 |
| critical factors influencing the occurrence of vibrio cholerae in the environment of bangladesh. | the occurrence of outbreaks of cholera in africa in 1970 and in latin america in 1991, mainly in coastal communities, and the appearance of the new serotype vibrio cholerae o139 in india and subsequently in bangladesh have stimulated efforts to understand environmental factors influencing the growth and geographic distribution of epidemic vibrio cholerae serotypes. because of the severity of recent epidemics, cholera is now being considered by some infectious disease investigators as a "reemergi ... | 2005 | 16085859 |
| adhesion of vibrio cholerae to granular starches. | cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by specific serogroups of vibrio cholerae that are pathogenic to humans. cholera can become epidemic and deadly without adequate medical care. appropriate rehydration therapy can reduce the mortality rate from as much as 50% of the affected individuals to <1%. thus, oral rehydration therapy (ort) is an important measure in the treatment of this disease. to further reduce the symptoms associated with cholera, improvements in oral rehydration solution ( ... | 2005 | 16085883 |
| helix switching of a key active-site residue in the cytochrome cbb3 oxidases. | in the respiratory chains of mitochondria and many aerobic prokaryotes, heme-copper oxidases are the terminal enzymes that couple the reduction of molecular oxygen to proton pumping, contributing to the protonmotive force. the cbb(3) oxidases belong to the superfamily of enzymes that includes all of the heme-copper oxidases. sequence analysis indicates that the cbb(3) oxidases are missing an active-site tyrosine residue that is absolutely conserved in all other known heme-copper oxidases. in the ... | 2005 | 16086579 |
| effect of saccharide length on the immunogenicity of neoglycoconjugates from synthetic fragments of the o-sp of vibrio cholerae o1, serotype ogawa. | a synthetic hexasaccharide, identical to the terminal hexasaccharide of ogawa lps, coupled to bovine serum albumin induced protective antibodies in mice. to determine if there was a minimum saccharide length required for immunogenicity and efficacy, shorter (mono- to pentasaccharide) neoglycoconjugates (cho-bsa) were tested in mice. the ogawa cho-bsa was inoculated at either a constant mass but differing moles, or equal moles but differing masses. humoral responses were essentially the same when ... | 2005 | 16098493 |
| white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) recombinant lysozyme has antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria: vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahemolyticus and vibrio cholerae. | c-type lysozyme has been described as an antibacterial component of the shrimp innate defence system. we determined quantitatively the antibacterial activity of white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) recombinant lysozyme against three gram negative bacteria: vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahemolyticus and vibrio cholerae, using a turbidimetric assay with live bacteria and differential bacterial viable count after interaction with the protein. in conclusion, the antibacterial activity of recombinan ... | 2006 | 16098764 |
| structural basis for the activation of cholera toxin by human arf6-gtp. | the vibrio cholerae bacterium causes devastating diarrhea when it infects the human intestine. the key event is adenosine diphosphate (adp)-ribosylation of the human signaling protein gsalpha, catalyzed by the cholera toxin a1 subunit (cta1). this reaction is allosterically activated by human adp-ribosylation factors (arfs), a family of essential and ubiquitous g proteins. crystal structures of a cta1:arf6-gtp (guanosine triphosphate) complex reveal that binding of the human activator elicits dr ... | 2005 | 16099990 |
| construction and evaluation of a o139 vibrio cholerae vaccine candidate based on a hema gene mutation. | in this paper, we describe the development of vcusm2, a live metabolic auxotroph of vibrio cholerae o139. auxotrophy was achieved by mutating a house keeping gene, hema, that encodes for glutamyl-trna reductase, an important enzyme in the c5 pathway for delta-aminolevulenic acid (ala) biosynthesis, which renders this strain dependent on exogenous ala for survival. experiments using the infant mouse and adult rabbit models show that vcusm2 is a good colonizer of the small intestine and elicits gr ... | 2006 | 16102875 |
| [genomic variability of vibrio cholerae el tor biovariant strains]. | the authors performed comparative analysis of the genomes of 145 clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae el tor biovariants using single locus and multiplex pcr. the study found that clinical strains isolated from patients with cholera formed a genetically homogenous group, where bacterial chromosome contained all the tested virulence genes, situated on mobile genetic elements that had been acquired by the pathogen at various stages of its evolution. strains isolated from water ec ... | 2005 | 16107018 |
| new wrinkles and folds in site-specific recombination. | the new work of reveals a new site-specific recombination strategy to establish lysogeny, in which a double-stranded recombination substrate is assembled from the folded single-stranded dna genome of the filamentous vibrio cholerae phage ctxphi. this strategy allows the phage to use the host's recombinases while at the same time preventing inappropriate excision of the prophage. | 2005 | 16109368 |
| the single-stranded genome of phage ctx is the form used for integration into the genome of vibrio cholerae. | a major determinant of vibrio cholerae pathogenicity, the cholera enterotoxin, is encoded in the genome of an integrated phage, ctxvarphi. ctxvarphi integration depends on two host-encoded tyrosine recombinases, xerc and xerd. it occurs at dif1, a 28 bp site on v. cholerae chromosome 1 normally used by xercd for chromosome dimer resolution. the replicative form of the phage contains two pairs of binding sites for xerc and xerd in inverted orientations. here we show that in the single-stranded ge ... | 2005 | 16109379 |
| cytochrome c maturation and the physiological role of c-type cytochromes in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae lives in different habitats, varying from aquatic ecosystems to the human intestinal tract. the organism has acquired a set of electron transport pathways for aerobic and anaerobic respiration that enable adaptation to the various environmental conditions. we have inactivated the v. cholerae ccme gene, which is required for cytochrome c biogenesis. the resulting strain is deficient of all c-type cytochromes and allows us to characterize the physiological role of these proteins. u ... | 2005 | 16109941 |
| presence of multiple sites containing polar material in spherical escherichia coli cells that lack mreb. | in rod-shaped bacteria, certain proteins are specifically localized to the cell poles. the nature of the positional information that leads to the proper localization of these proteins is unclear. in a screen for factors required for the localization of the shigella sp. actin assembly protein icsa to the bacterial pole, a mutant carrying a transposon insertion in mreb displayed altered targeting of icsa. the phenotype of cells containing a transposon insertion in mreb was indistinguishable from t ... | 2005 | 16109960 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae ryhb: the ryhb regulon and role of ryhb in biofilm formation. | vibrio cholerae encodes a small rna with homology to escherichia coli ryhb. like e. coli ryhb, v. cholerae ryhb is negatively regulated by iron and fur and is required for repression of genes encoding the superoxide dismutase sodb and multiple tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. however, v. cholerae ryhb is considerably longer (>200 nucleotides) than the e. coli rna (90 nucleotides), and it regulates the expression of a variety of genes that are not known to be regulated by ryhb in e. coli, includ ... | 2005 | 16113288 |
| vpah, a gene encoding a novel histone-like nucleoid structure-like protein that was possibly horizontally acquired, regulates the biogenesis of lateral flagella in trh-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus th3996. | a histone-like nucleoid structure (h-ns) is a major component of the bacterial nucleoid and plays a crucial role in the global gene regulation of enteric bacteria. here, we cloned and characterized the gene for the h-ns-like protein vpah in vibrio parahaemolyticus. vpah encodes a protein of 134 amino acids that shows approximately 55%, 54%, and 41% identities with vich in vibrio cholerae, h-ns in v. parahaemolyticus, and h-ns in escherichia coli, respectively. the vpah gene was found in only trh ... | 2005 | 16113292 |
| cyclic diguanylate regulates vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression. | the cyclic dinucleotide second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-digmp) has been implicated in regulation of cell surface properties in several bacterial species, including vibrio cholerae. expression of genes required for v. cholerae biofilm formation is activated by an increased intracellular c-digmp concentration. the response regulator viea, which contains a domain responsible for degradation of c-digmp, is required to maintain a low concentration of c-digmp and repress biofilm formation. the ... | 2005 | 16113306 |
| role of toll-like receptor 4 in the proinflammatory response to vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains deficient in production of cholera toxin and accessory toxins. | following intranasal inoculation, vibrio cholerae kfv101 (deltactxab deltahapa deltahlya deltartxa) colonizes and stimulates tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta (il-1beta) in mice, similar to what occurs with isogenic strain p4 (deltactxab), but is less virulent and stimulates reduced levels of il-6, demonstrating a role for accessory toxins in pathogenesis. morbidity is enhanced in c3h/hej mice, indicating that toll-like receptor 4 is important for infection containment. | 2005 | 16113340 |
| emergence of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor serotype inaba in north india. | all cases of cholera that have occurred at our center in north india have been due to vibrio cholerae o1 serotype ogawa, including the outbreaks in 2002 and 2004. here we report the emergence of v. cholerae o1 biotype el tor serotype inaba for the first time in this region since july 2004. fifteen inaba isolates were obtained from 32 patients suffering from cholera-like illness. the patients lived in chandigarh and the neighboring states of punjab, haryana, and himachal pradesh. all strains were ... | 2005 | 16116259 |
| bacteria isolated from blood, stool and urine of typhoid patients in a developing country. | blood, stool and urine samples were collected from 100 patients diagnosed as having typhoid in 5 hospitals in akwa ibom state and analyzed for the presence of salmonella species and other bacteria. of the 100 blood samples screened, 55 (55%) were positive with the widal test and 39 (39%) were positive on blood culture. thirteen (14.1%) out of 92 urine samples were positive for bacterial growth, while 22 (26.8%) of the stool cultures were positive out of the 82 samples screened. those within the ... | 2005 | 16124436 |
| four novel hemolysin genes of vibrio anguillarum and their virulence to rainbow trout. | four nucleotide sequences showing homology to known hemolysin genes were cloned and sequenced from v. anguillarum strain h775-3. the four genes, vah2, vah3, vah4 and vah5, have open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 291, 690, 200 and 585 amino acid residues, respectively, with predicted molecular masses of 33, 75, 22 and 66kda, respectively. vah2 is most closely related to a putative hemolysin of vibrio vulnificus yj016 (89% identity). vah3 is most closely related to a hemolysin-related pr ... | 2005 | 16126365 |
| isolation and characterization of unserotypable lysogens of vibrio cholerae phage ps166. | temperate phages of vibrio cholerae are the major force in the emergence of newer pathogenic clones. ps166, a temperate vibriophage, has the ability to convert pathogenic biotypes of the v. cholerae o1 serogroup. during the conversion process, ps166 also tends to produce a group of lysogens neither reported nor characterized so far. characterization of those lysogens may provide insight into the emergence of newer pathogenic clones of v. cholerae. | 2005 | 16127356 |
| characterizing lipopolysaccharide and core lipid a mutant o1 and o139 vibrio cholerae strains for adherence properties on mucus-producing cell line ht29-rev mtx and virulence in mice. | components of lipopolysaccharide (lps), i.e. capsule, o antigen, core oligosaccharide, as well as the toxin-coregulated pili are among the factors which significantly contribute to intestinal colonization by vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. to further address the contribution of lps to v. cholerae virulence, we performed in vivo colonization experiments and mucus layer attachment studies with defined lps and capsule mutants of o1 and o139. we investigated the interaction of v. cholerae strains with ... | 2005 | 16128399 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae neuraminidase by a novel mechanism-based fluorescent labeling reagent. | vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcna) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cholera by removing sialic acid residues from higher-order gangliosides to an unmasked gm1, the essential receptor for cholera toxin. here we report that a novel mechanism-based fluorescent labeling reagent, 5-acetamido-2-(4-n-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-2-difluoromethylphenyl)-3,5-dideoxy-d-glycero-alpha-d-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonic acid (1), becomes a unique irreversible inhibitor of vcna. character ... | 2005 | 16128567 |
| identification of novel stage-specific genetic requirements through whole genome transcription profiling of vibrio cholerae biofilm development. | bacterial biofilm formation has been described as a developmental process. this process may be divided into three stages: the planktonic stage, the monolayer stage and the biofilm stage. bacteria in the planktonic stage are not attached to each other or to a surface; bacteria in the monolayer stage are attached to surfaces as single cells; and bacteria in the biofilm stage are attached to surfaces as cellular aggregates. in a study limited to the vibrio cholerae flaa, msha and vps genes, we prev ... | 2005 | 16135229 |
| a toxr-based two-hybrid system for the detection of periplasmic and cytoplasmic protein-protein interactions in escherichia coli: minimal requirements for specific dna binding and transcriptional activation. | the vibrio cholerae transcriptional regulator toxr is anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by a single transmembrane segment, its c-terminal domain facing the periplasm. most of its n-terminal cytoplasmic domain shares sequence similarity with the winged helix-turn-helix (whth) motif of ompr-like transcriptional regulators. in the heterologous host escherichia coli toxr activates transcription at the v.cholerae ctx promoter in a dimerization-dependent manner, which has led to its employment as a ... | 2005 | 16141314 |
| a toxin activator. | | 2005 | 16142224 |
| [dynamics of the reversible transition of vibrio cholerae into the uncultivable state in the presence of organic and inorganic microcosmic components]. | the dynamics of the transition of v. cholerae into the uncultivable state in distilled, river and tap water, containing organic and inorganic components added, was studied. as additives, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, lysine, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinic acid, catalase were used. the study of the influence of biotic factors on transition into the uncultivable state was carried out in the presence of one-celled green algae scenedesmus quadricauda or ... | 2005 | 16146223 |
| [testing the biological activity of vibrio cholerae on cell subcultures]. | testing the supernatants of ctx(+) strains of v. cholerae eltor and v. cholerae o139 on cell subcultures confirmed the possibility of the synthesis of hemolysin by v. cholerae under the condition of growing them in tripton medium lacking fecl3. at the same time ctx(+) strains of v. cholerae of both serogroups retained, simultaneously with hemolysin production, their capacity for the synthesis of cholera toxin. | 2005 | 16146233 |
| one-bead-one-inhibitor-one-substrate screening of neuraminidase activity. | given the eminent threat of a 21st century flu pandemic, the search for novel antiviral compounds is an increasingly important area of research. recent developments in antiviral research have established the viability of targeting viral neuraminidase (na), an enzyme that cleaves sialic acid from the cell-surface-mediating passage of the virus in the respiratory tract. n-acetyl neuraminic acid (neuac) is the substrate for na, and analogues of this core structure have been commercialized as antivi ... | 2005 | 16149103 |
| structural features, properties and regulation of the outer-membrane protein w (ompw) of vibrio cholerae. | the outer-membrane protein ompw of vibrio cholerae was studied with respect to its structure, functional properties and regulation of expression. on sds-page, the membrane-associated form of ompw protein (solubilized by either 0.1 % or 2 % sds at 25 degrees c) migrated as a monomer of 19 kda that changed to 21 kda on boiling. the protein was hyperexpressed in escherichia coli in the histidine-tagged form and the purified his(6)-ompw (heated or unheated) migrated as a 23 kda protein on sds-page. ... | 2005 | 16151208 |
| multiplex real-time pcr detection of vibrio cholerae. | cholera is an important enteric disease, which is endemic to different regions of the world and has historically been the cause of severe pandemics. vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic environment and the toxigenic strains are causative agents of potentially life-threatening diarrhoea. a multiplex, real-time detection assay was developed targeting four genes characteristic of potentially toxigenic strains of v. cholerae, encoding: repeat in toxin (rtxa), extracellular secretor ... | 2006 | 16153727 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae from neonates admitted to an urban diarrhoeal diseases hospital in bangladesh. | very little is known about vibrio cholerae infection in neonates with diarrhoea. | 2005 | 16156982 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance in vibrio cholerae o1: emergence of el tor inaba. | | 2005 | 16156987 |
| roles of the regulatory proteins flhf and flhg in the vibrio cholerae flagellar transcription hierarchy. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the human diarrheal disease cholera, is a motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum, and motility has been inferred to be an important aspect of virulence. the v. cholerae flagellar hierarchy is organized into four classes of genes. the expression of each class of genes within a flagellar hierarchy is generally tightly regulated in other bacteria by both positive and negative regulatory elements. to further elucidate flagellar biogenesis in v. cholera ... | 2005 | 16159765 |
| structure of the bundle-forming pilus from enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | bundle-forming pili (bfp) are essential for the full virulence of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) because they are required for localized adherence to epithelial cells and auto-aggregation. we report the high resolution structure of bundlin, the monomer of bfp, solved by nmr. the structure reveals a new variation in the topology of type ivb pilins with significant differences in the composition and relative orientation of elements of secondary structure. in addition, the structural para ... | 2005 | 16172128 |
| [effects of the recombinant plasmid carrying the genes of cholera prophages ctx and rs1 on the expression of virulence and immunogenicity genes in the cholera pathogen]. | using toxin-coregulated adhesion pili (tcp), the etiologic agent of cholera is able to colonize human small intestine, where this pathogen proceeds with the production of the secreted cholera toxin (ct), inducing the development of severe diarrhea. at the same time, tcp and ct are not only the major factors of pathogenicity but also form a part of the group of key protective antigens. immunoenzyme, immunoblotting, self-agglutination investigations, electron-microscopic studies, and electrophoret ... | 2005 | 16173391 |
| reduction in capsular content and enhanced bacterial susceptibility to serum killing of vibrio cholerae o139 associated with the 2002 cholera epidemic in bangladesh. | vibrio cholerae o139 emerged in 1992 as a major cause of epidemic cholera. however, the incidence of disease due to this new serogroup subsequently decreased for almost a decade. in april 2002, there was a dramatic resurgence of v. cholerae o139 in bangladesh. we compared the phenotypic properties of the bacterial isolates and the immunological responses in patients with disease due to v. cholerae o139 during the 2002 epidemic with those dating to the emergence of this disease in 1993 to 1995. s ... | 2005 | 16177333 |
| hyperinfectivity of human-passaged vibrio cholerae can be modeled by growth in the infant mouse. | it has previously been shown that passage of vibrio cholerae through the human intestine imparts a transient hyperinfectious phenotype that may contribute to the epidemic spread of cholera. the mechanism underlying this human-passaged hyperinfectivity is incompletely understood, in part due to inherent difficulties in recovering and studying organisms that are freshly passed in human stool. here, we demonstrate that passage of v. cholerae through the infant mouse intestine leads to an equivalent ... | 2005 | 16177344 |
| ion-swimming speed variation of vibrio cholerae cells. | in the present work we report the variation in swimming speed of vibrio cholerae with respect to the change in concentration of sodium ions in the medium. we have also studied the variation in swimming speed with respect to temperature. we find that the swimming speed initially shows a linear increase with the increase of the sodium ions in the medium and then plateaus. the range within which the swimming speed attains saturation is approximately the same at different temperatures. | 2005 | 16184007 |
| structural organization of the transfer rna operon i of vibrio cholerae: differences between classical and el tor strains. | nine major transfer rna (trna) gene clusters were analysed in various vibrio cholerae strains. of these, only the trna operon i was found to differ significantly in v. cholerae classical (sixth pandemic) and el tor (seventh pandemic) strains. amongst the sixteen trna genes contained in this operon, genes for trna gln3 (caa) and trna leu6 (cua) were absent in classical strains as compared to el tor strains. the observation strongly supported the view that the above two pandemic strains constitute ... | 2005 | 16184008 |
| [sequence analysis on sorbitol fermentation related genes in vibrio cholerae]. | to investigate the differences of sorbitol fermentation related genes and optimize molecular analysis method for distinguishing an epidemic with nonepidemic strains of vibrio cholerae. | 2005 | 16185462 |
| lipopolysaccharides of vibrio cholerae: iii. biological functions. | this review presents the salient features of the biological functions including the (i) endotoxic activities, (ii) antigenic properties, (iii) immunological responses to and (iv) phage receptor activities of the vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharides (lps). the biological functions of the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of v. cholerae have also been discussed briefly as a relevant topic. the roles of lps and other extracellular polysaccharides in the (i) intestinal adherence and virulence of the vibr ... | 2006 | 16185850 |
| functional analysis of conserved polar residues in vc-nhad, na+/h+ antiporter of vibrio cholerae. | vc-nhad is a na(+)/h(+) antiporter from vibrio cholerae with a sharp maximum of activity at ph approximately 8.0. nhad homologues are present in many bacteria as well as in higher plants. however, very little is known about structure-function relations in nhad-type antiporters. in this work 14 conserved polar residues associated with putative transmembrane segments of vc-nhad have been screened for their possible role in the ion translocation and ph regulation of vc-nhad. substitutions s150a, d1 ... | 2005 | 16186100 |
| design and development of a dna array for rapid detection and genotyping of seven kinds of pathogenic microbes. | a dna array for rapid detection and genotyping of the pathogenic microbes of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, tsutsugamushi disease, leptospirosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, cholera, and hemorrhagic colitis was developed. the specific and relatively conserved pcr primers and dna probes were screened from the characteristic genes of the pathogenic microbes. the pcr or rt-pcr methods were established for amplifying and labeling the dna fragments of the pathogenic microbes. all the probes with the same ... | 2005 | 16193981 |
| vibrio cholerae infection of drosophila melanogaster mimics the human disease cholera. | cholera, the pandemic diarrheal disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae, continues to be a major public health challenge in the developing world. cholera toxin, which is responsible for the voluminous stools of cholera, causes constitutive activation of adenylyl cyclase, resulting in the export of ions into the intestinal lumen. environmental studies have demonstrated a close association between v. cholerae and many species of arthropods including insects. here we report th ... | 2005 | 16201020 |
| structure of the hypothetical mycoplasma protein mpn555 suggests a chaperone function. | the crystal structure of the hypothetical protein mpn555 from mycoplasma pneumoniae (gi|1673958) has been determined to a resolution of 2.8 angstrom using anomalous diffraction data at the se-peak wavelength. structure determination revealed a mostly alpha-helical protein with a three-lobed shape. the three lobes or fingers delineate a central binding groove and additional grooves between lobes 1 and 3 and between lobes 2 and 3. for one of the molecules in the asymmetric unit, the central bindin ... | 2005 | 16204885 |
| chemotaxis between vibrio cholerae o1 and a blue-green alga, anabaena sp. | the chemotactic response of vibrio cholerae o1 towards the mucilaginous sheath of anabaena sp. was investigated by capillary tube method using a virulent strain of v. cholerae o1, el tor, ogawa (3083-t) and its isogenic mutant (hap-1-t) that lacks the hap gene, which codes for mucinase (ha/protease). homogenates of anabaena sp. and purified mucin were used in this study as chemoattractants. results showed 5.7% bacterial accumulation of wild-type v. cholerae o1 towards 4% homogenates of anabaena ... | 2006 | 16207388 |
| tol-pal proteins are critical cell envelope components of erwinia chrysanthemi affecting cell morphology and virulence. | the tol-pal genes are necessary for maintaining the outer-membrane integrity of gram-negative bacteria. these genes were first described in escherichia coli, and more recently in several other species. they are involved in the pathogenesis of e. coli, haemophilus ducreyi, vibrio cholerae and salmonella enterica. the role of the tol-pal genes in bacterial pathogenesis was investigated in the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi, assuming that this organism might be a good model fo ... | 2005 | 16207916 |
| small-molecule inhibitor of vibrio cholerae virulence and intestinal colonization. | increasing antibiotic resistance requires the development of new approaches to combating infection. virulence gene expression in vivo represents a target for antibiotic discovery that has not yet been explored. a high-throughput, phenotypic screen was used to identify a small molecule 4-[n-(1,8-naphthalimide)]-n-butyric acid, virstatin, that inhibits virulence regulation in vibrio cholerae. by inhibiting the transcriptional regulator toxt, virstatin prevents expression of two critical v. cholera ... | 2005 | 16223984 |
| multipartite regulation of rctb, the replication initiator gene of vibrio cholerae chromosome ii. | replication initiator proteins in bacteria not only allow dna replication but also often regulate the rate of replication initiation as well. the regulation is mediated by limiting the synthesis or availability of initiator proteins. the applicability of this principle is demonstrated here for rctb, the replication initiator for the smaller of the two chromosomes of vibrio cholerae. a strong promoter for the rctb gene named rctbp was identified and found to be autoregulated in escherichia coli. ... | 2005 | 16237000 |
| nsps, a predicted polyamine sensor, mediates activation of vibrio cholerae biofilm formation by norspermidine. | vibrio cholerae is both an environmental bacterium and a human intestinal pathogen. the attachment of bacteria to surfaces in biofilms is thought to be an important feature of the survival of this bacterium both in the environment and within the human host. biofilm formation occurs when cell-surface and cell-cell contacts are formed to make a three-dimensional structure characterized by pillars of bacteria interspersed with water channels. in monosaccharide-rich conditions, the formation of the ... | 2005 | 16237027 |
| incidence of class 1 integrons in multiple antibiotic-resistant gram-negative copiotrophic bacteria from the river torsa in india. | the presence of class 1 integrons in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (mar) gram-negative copiotrophic bacteria from the river torsa in india was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based screening method. among 100 isolates that were resistant to at least five of the twelve antibiotics tested, 40 carried class 1 integrons, with inserted dna regions of 0.7-3.2 kb. carriage of integrons in strains of higher mar index was found to be statistically significant. dna sequencing was used to ... | 2006 | 16239097 |
| blood group, immunity, and risk of infection with vibrio cholerae in an area of endemicity. | individuals with blood group o are more susceptible than other individuals to severe cholera, although the mechanism underlying this association is unknown. to assess the respective roles of both intrinsic host factors and adaptive immune responses that might influence susceptibility to infection with vibrio cholerae, we prospectively followed a cohort of household contacts of patients with cholera in bangladesh. in this study, we made the novel observation that persons with blood group o were l ... | 2005 | 16239542 |
| functional effects of japanese style fermented soy sauce (shoyu) and its components. | the functional effects of japanese style fermented soy sauce (shoyu) have been studied. soy sauce promotes digestion, because the consumption of a cup of clear soup containing soy sauce enhances gastric juice secretion in humans. soy sauce possesses antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, shigella flexneri, vibrio cholera, salmonella enteritidis, nonpathogenic escherichia coli and pathogenic e. coli o157:h7. soy sauce also contains an antihypertensive component. an ... | 2005 | 16243270 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant vibrio cholerae isolated during a cholera outbreak in india. | during the cholera epidemic of 2002 in and around hubli, south india, vibrio cholerae strains resistant to fluoroquinolones were isolated. among the isolates of v. cholerae non-o1, non-o139 serogroups, 55.9% and 47.1% were resistant to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. however, only 12.5% of the o1 serogroup strains were resistant to both norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. though the o139 serogroup strains were susceptible to these antibiotics, they exhibited multidrug resistance. emergen ... | 2006 | 16246383 |
| genetic characterization of vibrio cholerae isolates from argentina by v. cholerae repeated sequences-polymerase chain reaction. | we have developed a novel typing method based on vibrio cholerae repeat sequences (vcr) using primers directed out of the vcr sequences. to evaluate the vcr-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a typing system, 2 categories, efficacy and efficiency, were analyzed in 69 strains of human and environmental v. cholerae o1 toxigenic and nontoxigenic, and non-o1 strains isolated since 1992-2000 from argentina. the discriminatory power (0.91), stability (0.95), reproducibility (1), typeability (1), rapid ... | 2005 | 16249063 |
| degradation of the membrane-localized virulence activator tcpp by the yael protease in vibrio cholerae. | a common mechanism inhibiting the activity of transcription factors is their sequestration to the membrane until they are needed, at which point they are released from the membrane by proteolysis. acting in contrast to this inhibition mechanism are virulence regulators of vibrio cholerae, the toxr and tcpp proteins, which are localized to the inner membrane of the cell, where they bind promoter dna and activate gene expression. tcpp is rapidly degraded in the absence of another protein, tcph. we ... | 2005 | 16254052 |
| characterization of functional domains of the vibrio cholerae virulence regulator toxt. | the toxt gene encodes an arac family transcriptional activator that is responsible for regulating virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae. analysis of toxt by dominant/negative assays and a lexa-based reporter system demonstrated that the n-terminus of the protein contains dimerization determinants, indicating that toxt likely functions as a dimer. additionally, a natural variant of toxt with only 60% identity in the n-terminus, as well as a mutant form of toxt with an altered amino acid in ... | 2005 | 16262796 |
| csra and three redundant small rnas regulate quorum sensing in vibrio cholerae. | bacteria communicate using a process called quorum sensing which involves production, secretion and detection of signalling molecules called autoinducers. quorum sensing allows populations of bacteria to simultaneously regulate gene expression in response to changes in cell density. the human pathogen, vibrio cholerae, uses a quorum-sensing circuit composed of parallel systems that transduce information through four redundant regulatory small rnas (srnas) called quorum regulatory rnas (qrr) to c ... | 2005 | 16262799 |
| biofilm formation and phenotypic variation enhance predation-driven persistence of vibrio cholerae. | persistence of the opportunistic bacterial pathogen vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments is the principal cause for seasonal occurrence of cholera epidemics. this causality has been explained by postulating that v. cholerae forms biofilms in association with animate and inanimate surfaces. alternatively, it has been proposed that bacterial pathogens are an integral part of the natural microbial food web and thus their survival is constrained by protozoan predation. here, we report that both e ... | 2005 | 16267135 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial action of tea: the commonest beverage of asia. | the methanolic extract of leaves of camellia sinensis (l) o. kuntze was screened for antimicrobial property against 111 bacteria comprising 2 genera of gram positive and 7 genera of gram negative bacteria. most of these strains were inhibited by the compound at 10-50 microg/ml level and few strains were sensitive even at lower concentrations (5 microg/ml). the bacteria could be arranged in the decreasing order of sensitivity towards the compound in the following manner: staphylococcus aureus, vi ... | 2005 | 16272702 |
| enhancement of brain distribution of anticancer agents using deltag, the 12 kda active fragment of zot. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of deltag, the 12 kda active fragment of zot, to increase the brain distribution of mtx and paclitaxel, two commonly used anticancer agents with poor distribution into the brain. | 2005 | 16274945 |
| modelling, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glucuronide-based probes of vibrio cholerae sialidase. | the development of sialidase inhibitors is an area of continuing interest due to their potential use as therapeutic agents to combat viral and bacterial infections. herein, we report our studies involving the sialidase from the pathogen vibrio cholerae, through the modelling, synthesis and biological evaluation of mimetics of 5-acetamido-2,6-anhydro-3,5-dideoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-enonic acid (neu5ac2en, 1), a naturally occurring sialidase inhibitor. these mimetics are o- and s-glycosides ... | 2006 | 16275104 |
| [screening for the peptides blocking cholera phage vp1 transfection to host cell by phage random amino acid peptide library]. | use vibrio cholerae el tor typing phage vp1 as ligand to screen phage-display random 7 amino acid peptide library, elisa and inactivation experiment were used to identify positive clone. the ratio of output to input was increased after three rounds of screening. pseudo-positive was decreased stepwise. it indicated the efficient enrichment. after three rounds of screening, 312 out of 360 phage clones were positive in elisa, 1 clone shows blocking vp1 adsorbs to vibrio cholerae by inactivation exp ... | 2003 | 16276928 |
| conserved role of the linker alpha-helix of the bacterial disulfide isomerase dsbc in the avoidance of misoxidation by dsbb. | in the bacterial periplasm the co-existence of a catalyst of disulfide bond formation (dsba) that is maintained in an oxidized state and of a reduced enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of mispaired cysteine residues (dsbc) is important for the folding of proteins containing multiple disulfide bonds. the kinetic partitioning of the dsba/dsbb and dsbc/dsbd pathways partly depends on the ability of dsbb to oxidize dsba at rates >1000 times greater than dsbc. we show that the resistance of dsbc ... | 2006 | 16280324 |
| characterization of the ectoine biosynthesis genes of haloalkalotolerant obligate methanotroph "methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20z". | the genes involved in biosynthesis of the major compatible solute ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methylpyrimidine carboxylic acid) in halotolerant obligate methanotroph "methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20z" were studied. the complete nucleotide sequences of the structural genes encoding l: -aspartokinase (ask), l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid transaminase (ectb), l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase (ecta), and l-ectoine synthase (ectc) were defined and shown to be transcribed as a single operon e ... | 2006 | 16283251 |
| sialylation regulates peripheral tolerance in cd4+ t cells. | decreased binding by the 6c10 auto-antibody serves as a unique marker for cd4+ t cell unresponsiveness after the induction of t cell tolerance in vbeta8.1 tcr transgenic mice. we further define the nature of the epitope recognized by the 6c10 antibody to be a subset of thy-1 bearing incompletely sialylated n-linked glycans, and furthermore, we demonstrate that tolerant cd4+ t cells have an increased degree of cell-surface sialylation. to test the significance of the altered glycosylation state i ... | 2006 | 16291658 |
| vibrio cholerae toxt independently activates the divergently transcribed alda and taga genes. | the vibrio cholerae toxt regulon includes the genes encoding cholera toxin (ct) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), which are the major virulence factors required for causing cholera disease and colonizing the upper small intestine of the host, respectively. the genes encoding ct, ctxab, and the genes encoding the components of the tcp, tcpa to tcpj, are organized within operons, upstream of which are dna binding sites for the transcriptional activator toxt. toxt is a member of the large arac ... | 2005 | 16291662 |
| comparative study of different methods for detection of toxic and other enzymatic factors in vibrio cholerae strains. | the purpose of this work was to characterize the toxin profile and the presence of other virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis and biology of 13 v. cholerae o1 (11 clinical cases and 2 waters) and 6 v. cholerae non o1 strains (4 clinical cases and 2 waters) using genetic (pcr), immunological (rpla), biochemical (nad degradation, haemolysis, kanagawa phenomenon, caseinase, lecithinase, mucinase, amylase, esculine hydrolysis) and cell culture (vero e6, hep-2) assays. the results indicated ... | 2004 | 16295321 |
| bacteriological profile and changing antibiograms of vibrio cholerae isolated in east delhi, 1998-2003. | | 2004 | 16295679 |
| iron and fur regulation in vibrio cholerae and the role of fur in virulence. | regulation of iron uptake and utilization is critical for bacterial growth and for prevention of iron toxicity. in many bacterial species, this regulation depends on the iron-responsive master regulator fur. in this study we report the effects of iron and fur on gene expression in vibrio cholerae. we show that fur has both positive and negative regulatory functions, and we demonstrate fur-independent regulation of gene expression by iron. nearly all of the known iron acquisition genes were repre ... | 2005 | 16299312 |
| structural insights into the beta-xylosidase from trichoderma reesei obtained by synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy. | the enzyme beta-xylosidase from trichoderma reesei, a member of glycosil hydrolase family 3 (gh3), is a glycoside hydrolase which acts at the glycosidic linkages of 1,4-beta-xylooligosaccharides and that also exhibits alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase activity on 4-nitrophenyl alpha-l-arabinofuranoside. in this work, we show that the enzyme forms monomers in solution and derive the low-resolution molecular envelope of the beta-xylosidase from small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs) data using the ab initi ... | 2005 | 16300407 |
| gene cloning and characterization of four mate family multidrug efflux pumps from vibrio cholerae non-o1. | there are six putative genes for multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (mate) family multidrug efflux pumps in the chromosome of vibrio cholerae. we have so far analyzed two mate family pumps in v. cholerae non-o1 nctc4716. here we cloned four remaining genes for putative mate family efflux pumps by the pcr method from this microorganism and designated them as vcmb, vcmd, vcmh and vcmn. each one of the four genes was introduced and expressed in the drug hypersusceptible host escherichia coli ka ... | 2005 | 16301805 |
| the neuraminidase gene is present in the non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae amazonia strain: a different allele in comparison to the pandemic strains. | the neuraminidase gene, nanh, is present in the o1, non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae amazonia strain. its location has been assigned to a 150 kb noti dna fragment, with the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and dna hybridization. this noti fragment is positioned inside 630 kb sfii and 1900 kb i-ceui fragments of chromosome 1. association of the pathogenicity island vpi-2, carrying nanh and other genes, with toxigenic strains has been described by other authors. the presence of nanh in a non-t ... | 2005 | 16302067 |
| [sequence analysis of the mutated genes in ctxevc phi and nct-ctxnew phi genomes in vibrio cholerae js94484 strain]. | to analyze the sequences of the mutated genes in ctx(evc)phi and nct-ctx(new)phi genomes in vibrio cholerae js94484 strain. | 2005 | 16305956 |
| antimicrobial potentiality of the thioxanthene flupenthixol through extensive in vitro and in vivo experiments. | the antipsychotic thioxanthene flupenthixol, possessing a trifluoromethyl substituent at position 2, exhibited a distinct antibacterial property against 352 strains of bacteria from 3 gram-positive and 13 gram-negative genera. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of flupenthixol was determined by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards agar dilution method. mics ranged from 10-100 microg/ml in most of the strains, whilst some strains were inhibited at even lower concentrat ... | 2006 | 16316745 |
| hyperinfectivity: a critical element in the ability of v. cholerae to cause epidemics? | cholera is an ancient disease that continues to cause epidemic and pandemic disease despite ongoing efforts to limit its spread. mathematical models provide one means of assessing the utility of various proposed interventions. however, cholera models that have been developed to date have had limitations, suggesting that there are basic elements of cholera transmission that we still do not understand. | 2006 | 16318414 |
| vibrio cholerae pathogenic clones. | we resolved the relationships between 2 pandemic clones of vibrio cholerae. using 26 housekeeping genes, we showed that the us gulf clone, the australian clone, and 3 el tor strains isolated before the seventh pandemic were related to the seventh pandemic clone. the sixth pandemic clone was well separated from them. | 2005 | 16318732 |
| only one of the five chey homologs in vibrio cholerae directly switches flagellar rotation. | vibrio cholerae has three sets of chemotaxis (che) proteins, including three histidine kinases (chea) and four response regulators (chey) that are encoded by three che gene clusters. we deleted the chey genes individually or in combination and found that only the chey3 deletion impaired chemotaxis, reinforcing the previous conclusion that che cluster ii is involved in chemotaxis. however, this does not exclude the involvement of the other clusters in chemotaxis. in other bacteria, phospho-chey b ... | 2005 | 16321945 |
| [severe sepsis and cellulitis caused by vibrio cholerae no-01 in an immunocompetent patient]. | | 2005 | 16324488 |
| immunosensor for the detection of vibrio cholerae o1 using surface plasmon resonance. | an immunosensor for the detection of vibrio cholerae o1 was developed on the basis of surface plasmon resonance (spr). a protein g layer was fabricated by means of the chemical coupling between the free amine (-nh2) groups of protein g and the activated carboxyl groups present on a self-assembled monolayer (sam) consisting of a mixture of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (mua) and hexanethiol (molar ratio of 1:2). a monoclonal antibody, which was confirmed to be specific to v. cholera o1 by the wester ... | 2006 | 16326089 |
| the regulatory roles of cell surface sialylation and n-glycans in human b cell lymphoma cell adhesion to galectin-1. | surface sialylation and glycosylation of tumor cells is known to affect various biological phenomena. in the present study, we analyzed the regulatory roles of cell surface sialylation in cell adhesion to galectin-1 in the human diffuse large b cell lymphoma (dlbcl) cell line, hbl-2, and burkitt's lymphoma cell line, hbl-8. vibrio cholerae neuraminidase treatment enhanced hbl-2 cell adhesion to galectin-1, suggesting that sialic acid inhibits hbl-2 cell adhesion to galectin-1. the data from empl ... | 2006 | 16327992 |
| a molecular model of the vibrio cholerae cytolysin transmembrane pore. | the cytotoxic activity of some of the most pathogenic strains of vibrio cholerae is associated with a cytolysin protein (vcc), which forms oligomeric transmembrane pores and changes the permeability of intestinal cells. we present here a model structure of the transmembrane pore of vcc based on sequence comparison with other pore-forming toxins. vcc is suggested to form a transmembrane beta-barrel pore with a relatively large trans vestibule region. calculations of the electrostatic profile with ... | 2006 | 16330061 |
| antagonistic interactions among marine bacteria impede the proliferation of vibrio cholerae. | changes in global climate have raised concerns about the emergence and resurgence of infectious diseases. vibrio cholerae is a reemerging pathogen that proliferates and is transported on marine particles. patterns of cholera outbreaks correlate with sea surface temperature increases, but the underlying mechanisms for rapid proliferation of v. cholerae during ocean warming events have yet to be fully elucidated. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that autochthonous marine bacteria impede the ... | 2005 | 16332844 |
| robert koch, the nobel prize, and the ongoing threat of tuberculosis. | | 2005 | 16339091 |
| a colonization factor links vibrio cholerae environmental survival and human infection. | many bacteria that cause diseases must be able to survive inside and outside the host. attachment to and colonization of abiotic or biotic surfaces is a common mechanism by which various microorganisms enhance their ability to survive in diverse environments. vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative aquatic bacillus that is often found in the environment attached to the chitinous exoskeletons of zooplankton. it has been suggested that attachment to zooplankton enhances environmental survival of vibrio ... | 2005 | 16341015 |
| in vitro antimicrobial effect of cefazolin and cefotaxime combined with minocycline against vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139. | the most common clinical manifestation of vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139 is gastroenteritis. this vibrion may also cause bacteremia, soft tissue infection, and other extraintestinal invasive disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. this study evaluated the current status of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of v. cholerae non-o1 non-o139 in taiwan as part of the smart (surveillance from multicenter antimicrobial resistance in taiwan) program. minimal inhibitory concentrati ... | 2005 | 16341343 |