| comparative in vitro activities of new 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides. | the in vitro activities of several 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides were compared with that of erythromycin. in general, 14-membered macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and flurithromycin were more active against streptococci and bordetella pertussis than was the 15-membered macrolide azithromycin, which was more active than 16-membered macrolides such as miocamycin and rokitamycin. clarithromycin was the most active compound against streptococcus pyogenes, pneumococci, listeria ... | 1988 | 3252753 |
| evidence for a high attack rate and efficacy of erythromycin prophylaxis in a pertussis outbreak in a facility for the developmentally disabled. | during an outbreak of pertussis in residents and staff of a facility for the developmentally disabled, 149 persons had laboratory evidence of bordetella pertussis infection; 130 (87%) reported respiratory illness. infection rates (ir) in affected wards ranged from 6% to 91%. most residents were adolescents and adults and had received a full course of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (dtp) vaccine; irs increased with increasing time after the last dtp dose in fully vaccinated residents. the i ... | 1988 | 3257783 |
| immunohistochemical characterization of the estrogen-stimulated leukocyte influx in the immature rat uterus. | previous studies have shown that the injection of estrogen into immature rats leads to an influx of leukocytes into the uterus. using immunoperoxidase staining and monoclonal antibodies, we have characterized the nature of the infiltrating leukocytes in frozen sections of immature rat uteri obtained following the injection of estrogen, estrogen plus pertussigen, and the antiestrogen ly117018. estradiol treatment for 2 days resulted in a significant increase in the number of uterine eosinophils, ... | 1988 | 3260616 |
| a sensitive chemiluminescence assay for pertussis toxin and for evaluation of cell-free pertussis toxoids. | pertussis toxin (pt) inhibited luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence induced in rabbit peritoneal neutrophils by n'-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fmlp) at doses as low as 0.8 ng.ml-1, even in the presence of a 10-fold higher concentration of filamentous haemagglutinin (fha). a cell-free extract of bordetella pertussis, containing predominantly pt and fha, suppressed the neutrophil response to fmlp. after toxoiding with carbodiimide, the inhibitory activity of the extract was abolishe ... | 1988 | 3273462 |
| structure and functions of the bordetella tracheal cytotoxin. | of the various toxins and virulence-related factors produced by bordetella pertussis, only one has been demonstrated to reproduce the specific respiratory epithelial cytopathology characteristic of the pertussis syndrome. that molecule is tracheal cytotoxin (tct), which is released by b. pertussis during log phase growth. an hplc-based method has allowed us to purify tct from culture supernatants, resulting in a preparation with undetectable levels of endotoxin and which is homogeneous by all an ... | 1988 | 3273616 |
| trial of a new acellular pertussis vaccine in healthy adult volunteers. | immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a new acellular pertussis vaccine were tested in healthy adults. the vaccine contained three constituents of bordetella pertussis; filamentous haemagglutinin, pertussis toxin (pt) and fimbriae bearing agglutinogens 2 and 3. the constituents were separately purified, treated with formaldehyde and combined with one of two aluminium adjuvants. subjects received one dose of vaccine or an appropriate adjuvant-only preparation and were monitored for clinical respon ... | 1988 | 3281387 |
| reflections on the efficacy of pertussis vaccines. | the literature on the protection imparted by conventional whole-cell pertussis vaccines was reviewed, and the extent to which the great variation in estimates of vaccine efficacy is attributable to methodologic problems in study design and analysis or to biologic features of the natural history of pertussis was explored. the protection against disease imparted by pertussis vaccines may be greater than that against infection. estimates of vaccine efficacy from case-control studies are higher than ... | 1987 | 3317732 |
| polyarthritis and the air pouch reaction: dissimilarity of adjuvant and collagen models. | the formation of an air pouch in the subcutaneous tissues of a rat previously inoculated intradermally with freund's mycobacterial adjuvant for the induction of arthritis, provokes a marked but transient inflammatory reaction in the cavity lining of the pouch. the dependence of this reaction on arthritis development was investigated. it was found that rats inoculated with mycobacterial adjuvant by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection failed to produce either a pouch reaction or develop arth ... | 1988 | 3372228 |
| regulation of the human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase: stimulation by micromolar ca2+ levels and phosphatidylcholine vesicles. | human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase (ec 1.13.11.12) is unique among the human lipoxygenase not only in its requirement for free ionized calcium, but also in its regulation by a membrane-associated stimulatory factor, the 100,000 x g pellet. in the present study, phosphatidylcholine (pc) vesicles, in the absence of 100,000 x g pellet, exhibited a dose-dependent stimulatory activity on the 5-lipoxygenase, which was at least as effective as the 100,000 x g pellet. furthermore, the enzyme was activated b ... | 1988 | 3382674 |
| dermonecrotic toxin and tracheal cytotoxin, putative virulence factors of bordetella avium. | we examined bordetella avium for virulence factors common to bordetella pertussis, including pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, adenylate cyclase, dermonecrotic toxin, and tracheal cytotoxin. b. avium produced a dermonecrotic toxin and a tracheal cytotoxin. the dermonecrotic toxin of b. avium is a 155,000-molecular-weight, heat-labile protein which was lethal for mice, guinea pigs, young chickens, and turkey poults and produced dermonecrosis when injected intradermally into guinea pigs, ... | 1988 | 3384473 |
| failure of charcoal-horse-blood broth with cephalexin to significantly increase rate of bordetella isolation from clinical specimens. | in a field trial conducted in cooperation with pediatricians in private practice, 198 nasopharyngeal swabs from children with suspected whooping cough were placed into charcoal-horse-blood transport medium with cephalexin (40 mg/liter). after preincubation at 36 degrees c for 1 to 2 days, the transport systems were mailed to the laboratory. there, the swabs were plated onto charcoal-horse-blood agar with cephalexin and were subsequently incubated for 48 h in cephalexin-containing charcoal-horse- ... | 1988 | 3384940 |
| elisa for quantification of specific igg and ige antibodies to ovalbumin. | two indirect microelisa methods have been developed to determine ovalbumin (oa)-specific igg and total oa-specific antibodies in rat's serum. animals were immunized with oa suspended in alum s.c. and administered i.p. with bordetella pertussis (bp). the study was performed using serum samples taken 14 days after immunization. anti-oa igg, anti-oa ig (by indirect elisa), total ige and total igg (by elisa sandwich) and also anti-oa specific ige (by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test) were measured ... | 1988 | 3394596 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specifically reactive with the different subunits of toxin from "bordetella pertussis". | | 1986 | 3426876 |
| pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of c-myc expression and dna synthesis by bombesin. | the bombesin-like peptides are potent mitogens for swiss 3t3 fibroblasts, human bronchial epithelial cells, and cells isolated from small cell carcinoma of the lung. the mechanism of signal transduction in the proliferative response to bombesin was investigated by studying the effect of bordetella pertussis toxin on bombesin-stimulated mitogenesis. at nanomolar concentrations, bombesin increased levels of c-myc messenger rna and stimulated dna synthesis in swiss 3t3 cells. treatment of the cells ... | 1986 | 3465038 |
| primary and secondary structure of bovine retinal s antigen (48-kda protein). | the complete amino acid sequence of bovine s antigen (48-kda protein) has been determined by cdna and partial amino acid sequencing. a 1623-base-pair (bp) cdna contains an open reading frame coding for a protein of 404 amino acids (45,275 da). tryptic peptides and cyanogen bromide peptides of native bovine s antigen were purified and partially sequenced. all of these peptides were accounted for in the long open reading frame. searching of the national biomedical research foundation data bank rev ... | 1987 | 3478675 |
| effect of myeloma ige injections on passive and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. | the ability of injected rat ige myeloma protein ir162 to inhibit passive and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in lewis rats was investigated. ige injected i.p. 24 hr before the sensitization with ige anti-ovalbumin (ova) completely inhibited both ige- and igg2a-induced passive cutaneous anaphylactic (pca) reactions at a dose (2.5 mg/100 g body weight) that resulted in peak serum concentrations of 150 micrograms ige ir162/ml. peak ige ir162 serum concentrations of 20 to 60 micrograms/ml inhibited the ... | 1986 | 3484388 |
| effect of bordetella pertussis vaccine on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. | administration of bordetella pertussis vaccine simultaneously with the immunization of rats with guinea pig encephalitogenic protein in freund's complete adjuvant results in the development of hyperacute encephalomyelitis in the lewis strain, a strain which reacts with ordinary experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) when immunization is performed without pertussis vaccine. a marked augmentation of the eae response was seen with pertussis vaccine in the fischer and pvg strains, both low ... | 1986 | 3485580 |
| the effects of pertussis toxin on the induction and transfer of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. | experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (eau), an intraocular inflammatory disease, is induced in experimental animals by immunization with a retinal specific antigen, s-antigen (s-ag), emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). the induction of eau is enhanced by treating s-ag-immunized animals with bordetella pertussis. this study examined the effects of a purified component of b. pertussis, pertussis toxin (ptx), on eau induction as well as the mode of action of this toxin. treatment of le ... | 1986 | 3486070 |
| in vitro cell-mediated and complement-mediated cytotoxicity to murine testicular cells. | male balb/c mice at 8 to 14 weeks of age were divided into three groups: group 1 was immunized with an emulsion of testicular cells (tcs) (10(7)/mouse), complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), and extract of bordetella pertussis (bp); group 2 was given cfa and bp injections; and group 3 was given sterile saline injections. suspensions of tcs and spleen cells (scs) from each mouse were prepared 4 weeks after the first immunization for a cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) assay. for the antibody-dependent cel ... | 1986 | 3491547 |
| the effects of phorbol myristate acetate and chemotactic peptide on transmembrane potentials and cytosolic free calcium in mature granulocytes evolve sequentially as the cells differentiate. | we isolated myeloid precursors from human marrow and studied the effects of phorbol myristate acetate (pma) and n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp) upon transmembrane potentials and cytosolic calcium ([ca2+]i) as the cells matured. using a panel of fluorescent probes, we found that membrane depolarization induced by pma and fmlp in granulocytes, and elevation in [ca2+]i stimulated by fmlp, were absent in myeloblasts. when we induced differentiation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-s ... | 1987 | 3492493 |
| induction by lipopolysaccharide of intracellular and extracellular interleukin 1 production: analysis with synthetic models. | an attempt was made to identify the molecular structures that are present in bacterial lps and induce the production of intracellular and extracellular pools of il 1 by peritoneal macrophages of the mouse and by human monocytes. activities of glycolipids and carbohydrates prepared by synthesis, and structurally related to the hydrophobic (lipid a) and to the polysaccharide (ps) regions of lps were compared with those induced by bordetella pertussis endotoxin and by fragments derived therefrom. b ... | 1987 | 3496381 |
| the primary and secondary cellular immune responses to whole cell bordetella pertussis vaccine and its components. | the cellular immune responses of balb/c mice and wistar rats immunized in hind footpads with intact killed bordetella pertussis were found to differ from those of similar animals immunized with other bacteria including bordetella bronchiseptica, salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli. all the bacteria stimulated increases in cell number, proliferation and interleukin 2 (il-2) production in popliteal lymph nodes which peaked 3-5 days after injection and decreased to resting levels by day 7. ... | 1987 | 3498569 |
| significance of the sulfonamide component for the clinical efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfonamide combinations. | the reasons for combining trimethoprim (tmp) with sulfonamides (sul) are still mainly theoretical but are supported by results from experimental infections and treatment of specific pathogens in humans, such as branhamella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, brucella, nocardia asteroides and perhaps bordetella pertussis and chlamydia trachomatis. addition of sul to tmp confers a therapeutic advantage also in patients with complicated urinary tract infection but probably not in young women with a ... | 1986 | 3518051 |
| role of insulin in the hypoglycaemic effect of sublethal bordetella pertussis infection in mice. | mice were infected intranasally with a sub-lethal dose of bordetella pertussis organisms (1.2 x 10(5) colony forming units per mouse), control animals receiving the vehicle intranasally. the experiments were performed 14 days later. serum glucose and insulin concentrations were studied across a 24 h period in freely fed animals and the changes in serum glucose and insulin concentrations in response to feeding were examined in mice fasted for 18 h. the responsiveness of mice to injected insulin ( ... | 1986 | 3518782 |
| [effect of the lymphocytosis-stimulating factor from bordetella pertussis on murine lymphoid and hemopoietic cells]. | effect of b. pertussis lymphocytosis-promoting factor (lpf) on the lympho-hematopoietic system of mice was studied. the injection of lpf was shown to sharply enhance endogenous colony formation and to induce a severe depletion of thymus cells, reaching its maximum of day 4. thymocytes obtained on day 2 or 3 after the injection of lpf produced a suppressive effect on endogenous colony formation. the proliferative activity of hematopoietic stem cells sharply increased under the influence of lpf, t ... | 1986 | 3524083 |
| protein-chemical analysis of pertussis toxin reveals homology between the subunits s2 and s3, between s1 and the a chains of enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli and identifies s2 as the haptoglobin-binding subunit. | the purified toxin of bordetella pertussis was dissociated in 5 m urea in the presence of immobilized haptoglobin. the toxin was dissociated in free s1, free s5 and the free complexes s2-s4 and s3-s4, with s2-s4 as the only haptoglobin-binding moiety, identifying s2 as the haptoglobin-binding protein. partial nh2-terminal amino acid sequences were obtained from the dissimilar toxin subunits, after separation by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting onto polybrene-coa ... | 1986 | 3525228 |
| diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine. a comparison of the immune response and adverse reactions to conventional and acellular pertussis components. | although the conventional bordetella pertussis vaccine, which consists of killed whole organisms, has been shown to be effective in preventing disease, it has been associated with transient local and systemic reactions and may produce encephalopathy, though rarely. a new acellular pertussis vaccine containing partially purified protein antigens, filamentous hemagglutinin, and lymphocytosis-promoting factor hemagglutinin has been developed for use in japan. we compared the immunogenicity and reac ... | 1986 | 3526866 |
| [purification and properties of bordetella pertussis toxin]. | the modified method for the isolation and purification of b. pertussis toxin has been proposed. chromatography with the use of hydroxylapatite and lentil lectin--sepharose 4b has permitted the isolation of the preparation purified 600 times. its molecular weight is about 90,000. the preparation has been found to possess leukocytosis-stimulating, histamine-sensitising and hemagglutinating activity. electrophoretic analysis has revealed that the isolated substance consists of four subunits with mo ... | 1986 | 3529763 |
| [hybridomas synthesizing monoclonal antibodies to bordetella pertussis toxins]. | hybridomas synthetizing monoclonal antibodies (mcab) to b. pertussis toxin (bpt) and endotoxin, or lipopolysaccharide (lps), were obtained. the specificity of mcab to bpt was confirmed in the leukocytosis-stimulating factor neutralization test. two hybridomas synthetized mcab, seemingly active against the common determinant of bpt and lps. the mcab of one hybridoma reacted with the crude extract of bpt. | 1986 | 3541466 |
| hypoglycaemia and acute stress-induced hyperinsulinaemia in mice infected with bordetella pertussis or treated with pertussis toxin. | intranasal infection of mice with a sublethal dose of bordetella pertussis produced hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. exposure to ether vapour did not modify serum insulin concentrations in control mice, but produced a marked transient hyperinsulinaemia in mice infected with b. pertussis. a similar hyperinsulinaemia in infected, but not control, mice was also seen after a brief (10-15 s) period of anoxia (produced by exposure to an atmosphere of 100% n2 or 100% co2), or following the injectio ... | 1987 | 3546569 |
| expression and immunological properties of the five subunits of pertussis toxin. | pertussis toxin, a protein composed of five different subunits, is responsible for the pathogenicity of bordetella pertussis and is the main component of a new vaccine against whooping cough. the genes coding for the five subunits, recently cloned and sequenced, are organized as an operon. we approached the problem of expression of the five genes in escherichia coli and, although we obtained high levels of transcription of the native pertussis toxin genes, the amount of proteins produced was ver ... | 1987 | 3549567 |
| bordetella pertussis infection: a cause of persistent cough in adults. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for bordetella pertussis-specific immunoglobulin (ig)a antibody in serum was used to demonstrate b. pertussis infection. the upper limit of normal for the assay (mean + 3 sd) was established by testing sera that had been collected from a group of healthy blood donors. all 13 patients with clinical whooping cough from whom b. pertussis was isolated and 25.7% of 218 adults, who were aged 18-81 years, who were referred to a consultant physician for the i ... | 1987 | 3574177 |
| bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica contain transcriptionally silent pertussis toxin genes. | pertussis toxin, the major virulence factor of bordetella pertussis, is not produced by the closely related species bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica. it is shown here that these two species possess but do not express the complete toxin operon. nucleotide sequencing of an ecori fragment of 5 kilobases comprising the regions homologous to the pertussis toxin genes shows that in this region, b. parapertussis and b. bronchiseptica are 98.5% and 96% homologous, respectively, to ... | 1987 | 3584073 |
| in vitro activity of ro 15-8074 and ro 19-5247 in comparison to cefaclor and cefalexin. | 805 clinical isolates were investigated for their in vitro sensitivity against ro 15-8074 and ro 19-5247 in comparison to cefaclor and cefalexin in a serial dilution test on solid medium. ro 19-5247 had the strongest activity of all drugs tested against streptococci (except streptococcus faecalis) and was as active as cefaclor and cefalexin against most strains of staphylococcus aureus. ro 19-5247 was the only oral cephalosporin active against bordetella pertussis. it was on average 160 times mo ... | 1987 | 3596808 |
| efficacy of commercial vaccines for protecting guinea pigs against bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia. | autogenous bacterins are recommended to protect guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) against pneumonia due to bordetella bronchiseptica. bordetella vaccines are available commercially for several other animal species. the substantial antigenic cross-reactivity among bordetella isolates from various animal species suggests that immunity resulting from use of these vaccines might protect guinea pigs. groups of ten individually housed hartley guinea pigs from a colony free of bordetella were vaccinated wi ... | 1987 | 3599889 |
| [evaluation of cefuzonam in the pediatric field]. | cefuzonam (l-105, czon) was studied in pediatric infections. a summary of the results it as follows: for recently isolated staphylococcus aureus strains, peak mics of czon were distributed between 0.39 and 0.78 micrograms/ml showing a greater susceptibility of s. aureus to czon than to cefoperazone (cpz), latamoxef (lmox), and cefmenoxime (cmx). peak mics of czon for escherichia coli were 0.10-0.20 micrograms/ml, similar to those of cpz, lmox, and cmx. ampicillin (abpc)-resistant strains were al ... | 1987 | 3613082 |
| resistance to onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in mice conferred by egg antigens of homologous and heterologous onchocerca species. | embryonic stages of various onchocerca species have been used to stimulate resistance in cba mice to challenge injections with the microfilariae of onchocerca lienalis. comparable levels of resistance to challenge (29-37% reductions) were conferred by living, freeze-killed, or sonicated organisms administered with freunds' complete adjuvant (fca). antigens extracted in saline, or with the detergent sodium deoxycholate, were also protective. adjuvants enhanced the protective effect, particularly ... | 1987 | 3614990 |
| a search for subclinical infection during a small outbreak of whooping cough: implications for clinical diagnosis. | the transmission of whooping cough in a general practice community was followed after the identification of the first case for nearly three years. intensive case-finding was undertaken to detect contacts of known cases of whooping cough and to take pernasal swabs from those with any cough; 102 swabs were taken. in three months 39 cases of whooping cough were clinically diagnosed, 17 (44%) of which were confirmed bacteriologically. all had a prolonged paroxysmal cough, one-third reported a catarr ... | 1986 | 3668903 |
| synergistic teratogenic effect produced in mice by whole cell pertussis vaccine. | pertussis whole cell bacterial vaccine was injected in mice during early pregnancy to disclose any teratogenic effect on the brain of the fetuses. cytochalasin d by itself induced exencephaly in a dose dependent way in fetal mice. when pregnant mice received a single injection of pertussis vaccine on day 8 of gestation and a subteratogenic dose of cytochalasin d on days 8, 9 and 10 of gestation a synergistic teratogenic action of pertussis vaccine and cytochalasin d in mice was observed. when au ... | 1987 | 3673208 |
| the activity of purified bordetella pertussis components in murine encephalopathy. | a murine encephalopathic syndrome can be induced by the administration of bsa and whole-cell pertussis vaccine. the present paper reports studies of the capacity of purified individual pertussis components to induce this effect. pertussis toxin and endotoxin together with a highly immunogenic sensitizer protein were required to induce the effect. the strength of the antibody response to the sensitizer appeared to be more important than the h-2 type of the recipient in determining the susceptibil ... | 1987 | 3680302 |
| evaluation of repeated immunoassays (mouse intracerebral potency tests) of the second international standard of pertussis vaccine. | during one year 27 potency assays of second international standard of pertussis vaccine were performed, when the indian standard of pertussis vaccine was being standardized. in all the 27 assays, the 50% immunizing dose (imd50) was calculated both by wilson-worcester method and by probit analysis. the imd50 of the international standard varied from 0.022 i.u. to 0.076 i.u. (mean 0.041 i.u.) when it was calculated by wilson-worcester method and from 0.0226 i.u. to 0.0704 i.u. (mean 0.0402 i.u.) w ... | 1987 | 3680532 |
| effect of anti-inflammatory agents on the haemorrhagic response of mouse skin to bordetella pertussis heat-labile toxin. | bordetella pertussis heat-labile toxin (hlt) was assayed by the haemorrhagic response produced by subcutaneous injection into weaned mice. young mice, 3-5 weeks old of either sex, were highly responsive but they became resistant to hlt as they matured. two anti-inflammatory agents, prednisolone and meclofenamate, inhibited the skin reactions in young mice. when given intraperitoneally, prednisolone was most inhibitory if it was injected just before, or at the same time as, hlt challenge. prednis ... | 1986 | 3701831 |
| the carrier state in pertussis. | in order to determine whether healthy adults can be of importance for the spread of pertussis the nasopharyngeal flora of 391 healthy individuals working in close contact with children was investigated during the height of a pertussis epidemic. only 1 carrier of bordetella pertussis was found, even though all individuals were exposed to the organism during the study period through their work. | 1986 | 3704562 |
| effect of betamethasone in lungs of mice treated with lymphocytosis-promoting factor of bordetella pertussis. | the role of betamethasone in the lungs of mice treated with lymphocytosis-promoting factor (lpf) was studied. intravenous injection with 10 ng of lpf produced significant lymphocytosis and monocytosis five days later. two groups were also treated with betamethasone: the first with daily administrations and the second at zero-time with lpf. lymphocytosis was not as high as in the group treated only with lpf (p less than .05), and lymphocytosis was lower in the second group than in the first (p le ... | 1986 | 3722864 |
| pertussis vaccine reduces agonist binding to the rat heart muscarinic receptor and its guanine nucleotide modulation. | the injection of bordetella pertussis, inactivated by merthiolate, causes a 2-fold increase in the ic50 of carbamylcholine (carbachol) in displacing [3h];-l(-) quinuclidinyl benzilate binding ([3h]qnb) to the receptor. in control animals, 50 microm gpp(nh)p causes a 6-fold decrease in the affinity of carbachol binding, whereas after vaccination the reduction is only 1.6-fold. after pertussis treatment there is no alteration in the affinity and number of [3h]qnb binding sites of to the muscarinic ... | 1986 | 3724969 |
| enhancement of antibody production by mercury and platinum group metal halide salts. kinetics of total and ovalbumin-specific ige synthesis. | the effects of halide salts of mercury, platinum and palladium on the synthesis of total and specific serum ige and of total igg were studied in groups of hooded lister rats immunised with antigen (ovalbumin) in the presence and absence of an adjuvant (bordetella pertussis vaccine or aluminium hydroxide). repeated intraperitoneal injections of mercuric chloride alone rapidly enhanced total ige levels in control rats, independent of adjuvant. injections of the platinum salt, however, elevated tot ... | 1986 | 3733232 |
| pharmacological studies of antigen-induced arthritis in balb/c mice. i. characterization of the arthritis and the effects of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. | chronic monoarticular allergic arthritis was induced in balb/c mice using methylated bsa as antigen and freund's complete adjuvant, together with bordetella pertussis as a secondary adjuvant. the optimum conditions for induction of chronic persistent arthritis and the histological characteristics of the arthritic lesion are described. both the synovitis and erosive progression of the arthritis could be suppressed by daily treatment with prednisolone (1-10 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (0.5-2.5 mg/kg) ... | 1986 | 3751751 |
| so2-induced bronchopathy decreases airway sensitization with intratracheal ovalbumin in the rat. | we investigated in this study the effect of so2-induced bronchopathy on airway sensitization to ovalbumin in the rat. sprague-dawley rats were immunized with a single intratracheal injection of ovalbumin (oa) 100 micrograms in 0.1 ml pbs or 0.1 ml bordetella pertussis (bp) heat-killed vaccine (6.5 x 10(9) cells x ml-1). the rats were primed immediately after so2 exposure (60 h, 200 ppm; group i, n = 16) and three months after exposure was achieved (group ii, n = 24), then compared to a control g ... | 1986 | 3768566 |
| pertussigen in vivo enhances antigen-specific production in vitro of lymphokine that stimulates macrophage procoagulant activity and plasminogen activator. | pertussigen is a protein toxin of bordetella pertussis that acts as a powerful stimulator of the intensity and duration of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) in mice. this study describes the potent in vivo effect of pertussigen on the levels of antigen-specific macrophage-activating lymphokine(s); lymphokine(s) was measured by the stimulation of macrophage procoagulant activity (mpca), or plasminogen activator (pa) activity. lymphoid cells were removed from immunized animals and cultured with ... | 1986 | 3782790 |
| factors influencing the immunogenicity of the haptenic drug chlorhexidine in mice. ii. the role of the carrier and adjuvants in the induction of ige and igg anti-hapten responses. | the roles of carrier and adjuvant in the induction of primary antibody responses to the haptenic drug chlorhexidine (which interacts only electrostatically with proteins) and its n-chlorinated derivative (which binds covalently to proteins) were investigated. n-chloro chlorhexidine, covalently linked to either ovalbumin, klh, thaumatin, lps-associated protein or human serum protein, but not autologous mouse serum protein or lps itself, induced both ige and igg anti-chlorhexidine antibody synthes ... | 1986 | 3793138 |
| effect of adenosine deaminase, n6-phenylisopropyladenosine and hypothyroidism on the responsiveness of rat brown adipocytes to noradrenaline. | adenosine deaminase (1 unit/ml) potentiated the lipolytic action of noradrenaline in adipocytes isolated from brown adipose tissue of 1- and 6-week-old rats by decreasing the ec50 (concn. giving 50% of maximal effect) for noradrenaline by 3-4-fold. with cells from neonatal rabbit tissue, adenosine deaminase only had a small, non-significant, effect on the ec50 for noradrenaline. lipolysis in rat brown adipocytes was inhibited by low concentrations of n6-phenylisopropyladenosine (pia). rabbit cel ... | 1986 | 3800944 |
| [molecular biology of bordetella pertussis]. | | 1987 | 3814337 |
| rapid purification of bordetella pertussis toxin by alternating affinity and hydrophobic chromatography. | pertussis toxin was purified to homogeneity from a 2-day culture supernatant of bordetella pertussis by stepwise elution from three columns of, consecutively, blue sepharose, phenyl sepharose, and hydroxyapatite. the toxin was eluted from blue sepharose and hydroxyapatite by high ionic strength and from phenyl sepharose with low ionic strength and with 17% glycerol. toxin fractions from one chromatographic column were immediately charged on the next column, saving laborious and time-consuming co ... | 1986 | 3826625 |
| depression of delayed hypersensitivity responses in patients with pertussis. | components of bordetella pertussis cause impairment of cell-mediated immunity in experimental animals and children with acute pertussis have been shown to have a reduced prevalence of positive tuberculin skin tests (13). furthermore, secondary infection is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in this disease. on the basis of these observations, we have studied delayed hypersensitivity responses in children with b. pertussis infection and compared the results with responses elicited ... | 1985 | 3835078 |
| whooping cough and pertussis vaccine: a comparison of risks and benefits in britain during the period 1968-83. | since 1975, acceptance of pertussis vaccine has fallen from over 70% to 50% or less in most parts of britain. this permits evaluation of a continuing natural experiment in which the frequency and severity of whooping cough can be compared those of adverse events following injections of pertussis vaccine. national data show an increase in notifications of whooping cough in most parts of britain since 1975. hospital admissions show considerable variation between areas with relatively high rates in ... | 1985 | 3835080 |
| a live vaccine against pertussis. | animal experiments have shown that oral administration of live bordetella pertussis induces a protective immune response. the biological properties of a nonpathogenic bordetella pertussis strain, its toxicity and immunogenicity in mice were investigated. comparative studies of the intraperitoneal and the oral route of immunization have shown that there was high mortality following intraperitoneal administration of the highest dose, whereas none of the doses of vaccine given orally led to appreci ... | 1985 | 3835083 |
| [study on a new cephamycin preparation cefminox in the field of pediatrics]. | cefminox (cmnx, mt-141) was studied both fundamentally and clinically in the field of pediatrics with following results. the mic of cmnx for bordetella pertussis was 0.10 micrograms/ml in inoculum size 10(6) cells/ml. following administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg of cmnx as drip infusion over 1 hour, the blood levels of the drug were 49.0 +/- 18.1 and 69.1 micrograms/ml at completion of infusion, 28.8 +/- 7.7 and 61.6 micrograms/ml at 1.5 hours, 23.6 +/- 9.3 and 44.1 +/- 3.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hou ... | 1985 | 3839861 |
| [comparative study of the immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in the blood of rabbits immunized with adtp vaccine and adt-anatoxin with normal and reduced antigen contents]. | adsorbed dpt vaccine and adsorbed dt toxoids with normal and reduced antigen content were used for the immunization of rabbits. the levels of igm and igg and the dynamics of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins and to bordetella pertussis in the blood sera of the animals were studied in the postvaccinal period (on days 15 and 34). this study revealed that the reduction of the antigen content of adsorbed dt toxoid to 5 lf of diphtheria toxoid and 5 binding units of tetanus toxoid did not d ... | 1985 | 3874505 |
| lpf-induced t cell colony formation: effect of pma and interleukin-2, and surface marker analysis. | we demonstrated that a primary exposure to the lymphocytosis promoting factor (lpf) of bordetella pertussis-induced t cell colony formation. colony formation was observed when mononuclear cells (mnc) were cultured at concentrations of more than 1 x 10(6)/ml, and reached a peak on day 8. however, the number of colonies generated with lpf was about one-third induced with phytohaemagglutinin (pha). removal of monocytes from mnc or t cells resulted in the failure of colony formation, but colony grow ... | 1985 | 3874728 |
| chemical synthesis and immunological activities of glycolipids structurally related to lipid a. | complete chemical syntheses of a number of monosaccharides derived from 2-deoxy-2-[(3r)-3-hydroxytetradecanamido]-d-glucopyranose and structurally related to the hydrophobic moiety (lipid a) of several bacterial endotoxins are described. selected humoral (complement activation) and cellular (mitogenicity and induction of interleukin 1 production) in vitro activities of a lipid a preparation obtained from the bordetella pertussis endotoxin were compared with those of ten of these monosaccharides ... | 1985 | 3875367 |
| a biphasic glucose and insulin response in mice after vaccination with pertussis vaccine. | pertussis vaccine consisting of inactivated whole bordetella pertussis organisms appears to induce a biphasic response on the glucose metabolism of n:nih mice. a heat stable component assumed to be the lps induces a transient hyperglycaemia within 6 hours after vaccination. a heat labile component assumed to be lpf, induces a hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia 2-7 days after treatment. a purified vaccine examined in this study still showed some effects on the glucose metabolism at 3-4 days afte ... | 1985 | 3901031 |
| effect of proteolytic enzymes, storage and reduction on the structure and biological activity of pertussigen, a toxin from bordetella pertussis. | pertussigen (ptx), referred to by many different names, including pertussis toxin, was separated into five polypeptide subunits by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) using a discontinuous tris-glycine buffer system. under non-reducing conditions, the apparent molecular weights of the polypeptides (mean 10(-3)) were: s1 (26.3), s2 (24.4), s3 (22.7), s4 (12.2), and s5 (11.3). under reducing conditions, the apparent molecular weights (mean 10(-3)) were: s1 (28.2), ... | 1985 | 3914965 |
| the effect of immediate-type gastrointestinal allergic reactions on brush border enzymes and gut morphology in the rat. | the aim of the present study was to create clearly documented immediate-type allergy to food protein in the intestine of rats and to study some pathophysiological phenomena induced by challenge with the allergen. to achieve this, rats were sensitized with ovalbumin. a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction to ovalbumin was negative in all controls and positive in all test animals when bordetella pertussis was used as adjuvant. sixty minutes after an intravenous injection of 125i-human serum albu ... | 1985 | 3923423 |
| immune suppression and induction of gamma interferon by pertussis toxin. | it has been suggested that pertussis toxin is a virulence factor of bordetella pertussis. although extracts enriched in pertussis toxin activity have been reported to enhance immune responsiveness, other studies have demonstrated a suppressive ability, suggesting that the toxin may contribute to the virulence of b. pertussis through mechanisms involving immune suppression. we report that purified pertussis toxin suppressed the in vitro immunoglobulin m antibody response of mouse splenocytes to s ... | 1985 | 3924834 |
| api zym and api an-ident reactions of fastidious oral gram-negative species. | api zym and api an-ident enzymatic substrate tests were done on six oral species which are difficult to characterize with conventional biochemical tests. "bacteroides forsythus, the "fusiform" bacteroides species (a. c. r. tanner, m. a. listgarten, m. n. strzempko, and j. l. ebersole, manuscript in preparation), is difficult to cultivate in broth media, yet it gave 15 positive tests in these series. the tests were able to separate this new species from species of capnocytophaga and fusobacterium ... | 1985 | 3930558 |
| experimental allergic orchitis in mice. i. genetic control of susceptibility and resistance to induction of autoimmune orchitis. | inbred strains of mice were studied for their susceptibility to the induction of experimental allergic orchitis after sensitization with mouse testicular homogenate in complete freund's adjuvant accompanied by injections of extract from bordetella pertussis. susceptibility to autoimmune orchitis was found to be linked to the major histocompatibility complex in balb/c and c57bl/10 mice and mapped to genes encoded within the h-2dd region. in five of six groups of bidirectional (susceptible x resis ... | 1985 | 3932196 |
| pertussis toxin attenuates angiotensin ii-induced vasoconstriction and inhibition of renin release. | angiotensin ii can elicit cellular responses by 2 different receptor-dependent mechanisms: increase in intracellular calcium or inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. the well-known inhibition of renin release from granulated cells of the kidney is thought to be mediated by an increase in intracellular calcium. however, the participation of the other possible pathway, i.e. inhibition of adenylate cyclase, has not been excluded. we studied this question by using the toxin from bordetella pertu ... | 1985 | 3934013 |
| pertussis toxin substrate is a guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate-, n-ethylmaleimide-, mg2+- and temperature-sensitive gtp-binding protein. | we compared the effects of guanine nucleotides and mg2+ on adp-ribosylation of rat brain and liver membrane proteins catalysed by bordetella pertussis toxin (iap) and cholera toxin (ct). labelling of proteins in the presence of [alpha-32p]nad+, atp and ct required gtp or guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (gtp [s]). in contrast, labelling of one (liver) or two (brain) polypeptides by iap was enhanced by guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (gdp[s]) or gtp, but was blocked by gtp[s] or guanosin ... | 1985 | 3936483 |
| genetic diversity and relationships in populations of bordetella spp. | genetic diversity in 60 strains of three nominal bordetella species recovered from humans and other mammalian hosts was assessed by analyzing electrophoretically demonstrable allelic variation at structural genes encoding 15 enzymes. eleven of the loci were polymorphic, and 14 distinctive electrophoretic types, representing multilocus genotypes, were identified. the population structure of bordetella spp. is clonal, and genetic diversity is relatively limited compared with most other pathogenic ... | 1986 | 3957867 |
| evidence for the inhibitory subunit of adenylate cyclase (ni) in nervous and heart tissue of aplysia. | cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (camp) plays a critical role in modulating a variety of neuronal responses in aplysia californica. previous studies have focused on the neurotransmitter activation of adenylate cyclase, which presumably occurs via the guanosine 5'-triphosphate (gtp)-regulated excitatory subunit (ns). while adenylate cyclase has also been shown to be regulated by inhibitory neurotransmitters, coupled through the inhibitory gtp-regulated coupling protein ni in some systems, the ... | 1986 | 3960397 |
| purification and properties of calmodulin from adrenal cortex. | calmodulin (cam), a multifunctional calcium binding protein with no known enzymatic activity, has been purified to homogeneity from bovine adrenal cortex. the purification included anion exchange on de-52 cellulose, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and separation by molecular sieving on sephadex g-150. the yield of cam from 900 g of whole adrenal was 150 mg. adrenocortical cam showed a molecular weight of 18,000 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, an i ... | 1985 | 3970528 |
| identification of a 68-kilodalton protective protein antigen from bordetella bronchiseptica. | a 68-kilodalton (kd) outer membrane protein antigen of bordetella bronchiseptica has been identified by using monoclonal antibodies that recognized two nonoverlapping determinants. antibody bb05 also reacted with homologous proteins from bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis but not with another 12 organisms from various bacterial genera. passive injection of bb05 antibody protected mice from aerosol infection with b. bronchiseptica as shown by reduced mortality and reduced pathology ... | 1985 | 3972452 |
| inaccurate diagnosis in infants with pertussis. an eight-year experience. | a review was conducted of all patients seen at upstate medical center, syracuse, ny, from june 1975, to june 1983, whose nasopharyngeal specimens were positive by specific bordetella pertussis-fluorescent antibody stain. sixty-one patients were identified; 46 were hospitalized and 15 were outpatients. the age and immunization status of the two groups were compared. admission diagnosis, indices of illness severity, and clinical course were assessed for the hospitalized patients. review of the hou ... | 1985 | 4014097 |
| cross reactivity studies with platinum group metal salts in platinum-sensitised rats. | hooded lister rats were sensitised to the halide salt of platinum ammonium tetrachloroplatinate(ii)[(nh4)2ptcl4] in its conjugated form with ovalbumin. sensitisation was achieved by intraperitoneal injection with bordetella pertussis vaccine as adjuvant, followed 21 days later by a further injection in saline. the presence of specific anti-platinum ige antibody was determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca) and radioallergosorbent test (rast) using the platinum halide salt conjugated to a ... | 1985 | 4018886 |
| attempts to manipulate specific responses to induce resistance to schistosoma mansoni in kenyan baboons (papio anubis). | attempts were made to manipulate specific responses of baboons to protect them from infection with schistosoma mansoni. in experiment 1, eosinophilia was induced in naive baboons with trichinella spiralis larvae given intravenously before intraperitoneal injection of globulin fractions from s. mansoni-infected baboon sera and subsequent percutaneous exposure to s. mansoni cercariae. in experiment 2, baboons with 8- or 32-week-old primary s. mansoni infections received t. spiralis i.v. before an ... | 1985 | 4031458 |
| site-selective homing of antigen-primed lymphocyte populations can play a crucial role in the efferent limb of cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. | lymphoid cells of the mammalian immune system exhibit special migratory properties within their in vivo environment. this fundamental characteristic is important to the protection of the organism from infection and neoplastic transformation by a process termed immunologic surveillance. the importance of lymphocyte recirculation was addressed by investigating the role of site-selective homing of lymphocytes during the efferent phase of an in vivo adoptively transferred immune response. we approac ... | 1985 | 4038988 |
| acetone-treated pertussis vaccine--a potent and safer new pertussis vaccine. | a vaccine was prepared from the growth of bordetella pertussis by repeated treatment with acetone. the vaccine has been designated as acetone-treated pertussis vaccine (atpv). a total of ten batches of atpv were prepared, five each from b. pertussis strains 134 and 509. these strains are routinely employed at this institute for the production of conventional whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wcpv) for blending in diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. the mouse protective and histamine sensitizing ac ... | 1985 | 4055808 |
| experimental allergic orchitis in mice. ii. association of disease susceptibility with the locus controlling bordetella pertussis-induced sensitivity to histamine. | susceptibility to the induction of murine autoimmune orchitis was found to be associated with the locus controlling bordetella pertussis-induced sensitivity to the vasoactive amine, histamine. only those inbred and h-2 congenic strains of mice possessing both the h-2d haplotype and the locus for susceptibility to b. pertussis-induced sensitivity to histamine developed autoimmune orchitis. in addition, segregation analysis of backcross generation mice also demonstrated a high degree of correlatio ... | 1985 | 4065933 |
| inhibition of yeast phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal and human pulmonary alveolar macrophages in response to bordetella pertussis toxins. | | 1985 | 4088102 |
| immunoglobulin e antibody production against house dust mite, dermatophagoides farinae, in mice. | immunoglobulin e (ige) antibody production against dermatophagoides farinae extract (mite antigen) was studied in female balb/c mice. when mice were immunized with mite antigen and aluminium hydroxide gel (alum) intraperitoneally at intervals of 30 d, good primary, secondary and tertiary ige antibody responses were observed. in the absence of adjuvant, a subcutaneous injection of mite antigen failed to induce the primary ige antibody response. however, good ige antibody responses were observed a ... | 1985 | 4093849 |
| partial purification and some properties of the leukocytosis-promoting material from bordetella pertussis. | | 1970 | 4099421 |
| the effect of histamine on mice vaccinated with bordetella pertussis. | | 1971 | 4101824 |
| disruption of bordetella pertussis in the ribi cell fractionator. 2. effect of different suspending media. | | 1971 | 4107161 |
| the effect of bordetella pertussis vaccine on epinephrine induced hyperglycemia in rats. | | 1971 | 4111421 |
| fatal anaphylaxis-like reaction induced by yeast mannans in nonsensitized mice. | some yeast mannans increased vascular permeability and caused anaphylaxis-like reactions, fatal in some cases, in nonsensitized cfw mice. in swr mice deficient in the complement system component c5, anaphylactic shock did not develop after the injection of mannans but was readily induced by goat serum after the mice had been sensitized with bordetella pertussis and goat serum. the observed biological activity of the yeast mannans appears to depend upon the alpha(1 --> 2) and alpha(1 --> 6) linka ... | 1972 | 4117879 |
| immunochemical studies on the lipopolysaccharides of bordetella pertussis. | | 1973 | 4121314 |
| availability and specificity of lipopolysaccharide on the surface of 56 degrees c heated bordetella pertussis. | | 1973 | 4121696 |
| [bordetella pertussis spheroplasts. 4. the protective, histamine-sensitizing and toxic action of spheroplasts and spheroplast cell walls]. | | 1972 | 4122376 |
| extraction and partial purification of the histamine-sensitizing factor of bordetella pertussis. | | 1974 | 4134061 |
| alterations in serum proteins of rats after immunization with freund's adjuvant and bordetella pertussis vaccine. | | 1974 | 4138782 |
| [serology of bordetella pertussis. ii. preparation of ultrasonic extract of b. pertussis and its column chromatography on deae-cellulose]. | | 1972 | 4145108 |
| [bordetella pertussis spheroplasts. 3. isolation and chemical analysis of spheroplast cell walls]. | | 1972 | 4146136 |
| bordetella pertussis as a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. | | 1971 | 4149878 |
| studies of adrenergic mechanisms in relation to histamine sensitivity in children immunized with bordetella pertussis vaccine. | | 1974 | 4151776 |
| characterization of the antibodies responsible for the 'bactericidal activity patterns' of antisera to bordetella pertussis. | | 1965 | 4158140 |
| effect of passive immunization on sensitizing action of haemophilus pertussis. 1. development of increased sensitivity to reinjection of homologous antigens. | | 1966 | 4160511 |
| [effect of passive immunization on the sensitizing effect of bordetella pertussis. 3. development of increased sensitivity to histamine]. | | 1965 | 4160833 |
| [effect of the passive immunization on the sensitizing activity of bordetella pertussis. i. increase of sensitivity to repeated homologous antigen administrations]. | | 1965 | 4161435 |
| studies on the histamine-sensitizing factor of bordetella pertussis by density gradient centrifugation. | | 1968 | 4173097 |
| action of the histamine sensitizing factor from bordetella pertussis on inbred and random bred strains of mice. | | 1968 | 4176640 |