| safety and immunogenicity of a sf9 insect cell-derived respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein nanoparticle vaccine. | we performed a phase 1 randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein nanoparticle vaccine. | 2013 | 23153449 |
| the role of non-viral antigens in the cotton rat model of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease. | in the 1960s, infant immunization with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) vaccine candidate caused enhanced respiratory disease (erd) following natural rsv infection. because of this tragedy, intensive effort has been made to understand the root causes of how the fi-rsv vaccine induced a pathogenic response to subsequent rsv infection in vaccinees. a well-established cotton rat model of fi-rsv vaccine-enhanced disease has been used by numerous researchers to study the me ... | 2013 | 23153444 |
| nebulised deoxyribonuclease for viral bronchiolitis in children younger than 24 months. | bronchiolitis is one of the most common respiratory problems in the first year of life. the sputum of infants with bronchiolitis has increased deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) content, leading to mucous plugging and airway obstruction. recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhdnase), an enzyme that digests extracellular dna, might aid the clearance of mucus and relieve peripheral airway obstruction. | 2012 | 23152257 |
| the use of intravenous palivizumab for treatment of persistent rsv infection in children with leukemia. | palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used to decrease the threat of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among children at high risk. there are no standard guidelines due to conflicting data on palivizumab's use in the treatment of rsv lower respiratory tract infections. intravenous (iv) palivizumab was shown to be well tolerated and associated with decreased mortality in high-risk children who have rsv disease. however, it did not prevent lower respiratory tract infections and ... | 2012 | 23147965 |
| [chest radiographs in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis: real information or just irradiation?]. | to describe the chest radiographs of infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis and to assess whether patient management changed after radiography. | 2012 | 23141565 |
| a review of cost-effectiveness of palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus. | palivizumab prophylaxis has been demonstrated to reduce the number of hospitalizations attributable to respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk infants. however, as palivizumab acquisition costs are high, quantifying cost-effectiveness is important. the primary aim of this review was to examine the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab across numerous indications in high-risk infants and to report on factors that may impact outcomes. a systematic literature search was conducted to identify pharmacoe ... | 2012 | 23140255 |
| palivizumab immunoprophylaxis effectiveness in children with cystic fibrosis. | evidence on the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab in children with cystic fibrosis (cf) is lacking. | 2013 | 23139089 |
| practical resources for nurses and other health care providers involved in the care of children at risk for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | health care staff and families with young children are often unware of the ease of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) spread and potential clinical consequences of serious respiratory illness. successful canadian rsv prophylaxis (rsvp) programs (a) provide practical educational resources on rsv and respiratory disease that consider language and cultural barriers; (b) develop policies to identify all children eligible for rsvp with palivizumab; (c) emphasize compliance with rsvp, particularly duri ... | 2012 | 23134645 |
| identifying and ensuring optimal care for all children at risk of developing serious respiratory syncytial virus disease: a canadian nurses' perspective. | globally, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes substantial morbidity in infants and young children, particularly those with specific risk factors (e.g., prematurity, chronic lung and congenital heart disease). supportive measures are the mainstay of care for rsv-related disease. in the absence of medical treatments, rsv prophylaxis (rsvp) with palivizumab is recommended for high-risk patients to help reduce the risk of developing serious disease. geographic distances, language and ... | 2015 | 23134644 |
| strategies for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and young children: a canadian nurses' perspective. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are prevalent globally and can cause substantial morbidity in infants and young children. the virus is easily transmitted by direct hand-to-hand contact and can lead to serious respiratory disease and hospitalization, particularly in premature infants and children with certain medical conditions. educating families with young children, especially those in remote rural regions, regarding the potential adverse health outcomes of rsv infection and measur ... | 2012 | 23134643 |
| adolescent asthma after rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | asthma risk is increased after bronchiolitis in infancy. recent studies have suggested that the risk may be dependent on the causative virus. the aim of the study was to evaluate the asthma risk in adolescence in subjects hospitalized for rhinovirus or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy. | 2013 | 23129516 |
| detection, control, and management of a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a pediatric hematology-oncology department. | immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. palivizumab is approved for prevention of rsv in specific populations but not for treatment. few studies demonstrated the safety and successful treatment with intravenous (iv) palivizumab. we describe our experience with iv palivizumab treatment for rsv in a pediatric hematology-oncology department during an outbreak. | 2013 | 23128340 |
| does prophylaxis with palivizumab reduce hospitalisation rates for respiratory-syncytial-virus-related infection in cystic fibrosis children less than 2 years of age? | | 2012 | 23126393 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibits ciliagenesis in differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells: effectiveness of n-acetylcysteine. | persistent respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections have been associated with the exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). this virus infects the respiratory epithelium, leading to chronic inflammation, and induces the release of mucins and the loss of cilia activity, two factors that determine mucus clearance and the increase in sputum volume. these alterations involve reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms. the antioxidant ... | 2012 | 23118923 |
| an improved respiratory syncytial virus neutralization assay based on the detection of green fluorescent protein expression and automated plaque counting. | virus neutralizing antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are considered important correlates of protection for vaccine evaluation. the established plaque reduction assay is time consuming, labor intensive and highly variable. | 2012 | 23114196 |
| molecular characterization of a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a hematology unit in heidelberg, germany. | in 2011 and 2012, a large outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections affecting 57 laboratory-confirmed patients occurred in an adult hematology unit in heidelberg, germany. during the outbreak investigation, we performed molecular genotyping of rsv strains to differentiate between single versus multiple introductions of the virus into the unit. furthermore, we assessed the time of viral shedding of consecutive samples from the patients in order to better understand the possible imp ... | 2013 | 23100345 |
| the seasonal variations of respiratory syncytial virus infections in turkey: a 2-year epidemiological study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections may cause severe respiratory diseases, particularly in infants and young children. in order to determine the timing of prophylaxis, the seasonal variations of rsv had to be determined. we report the climate-related results of an epidemiological study conducted in 32 hospitals of turkey between may 2008 and september 2010, on children < 2 years of age hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection. information on socio-demographics, medical histor ... | 2012 | 23094529 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus polymerase has multiple rna synthesis activities at the promoter. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an rna virus in the family paramyxoviridae. here, the activities performed by the rsv polymerase when it encounters the viral antigenomic promoter were examined. rsv rna synthesis was reconstituted in vitro using recombinant, isolated polymerase and an rna oligonucleotide template representing nucleotides 1-25 of the trailer complement (trc) promoter. the rsv polymerase was found to have two rna synthesis activities, initiating rna synthesis from the +3 site ... | 2012 | 23093940 |
| the evolution of risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalisation in infants born at 32-35 weeks' gestational age: time-based analysis using data from the flip-2 study. | the aim of this study was to examine whether the risk for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalisation changes through the first year of life in infants of 32-35 weeks' gestational age (wga). | 2012 | 23093079 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children. | respiratory syncytial virus is a highly infectious virus that commonly causes bronchiolitis and leads to high morbidity and a low, but important, incidence of mortality. supportive therapy is the foundation of management. hydration/nutrition and respiratory support are important evidence-based interventions. for children with severe disease, continuous positive airway pressure or mechanical ventilation may be necessary. ribavirin may be used for treatment of patients with severe disease. paliviz ... | 2012 | 23089660 |
| associations and interactions of genetic polymorphisms in innate immunity genes with early viral infections and susceptibility to asthma and asthma-related phenotypes. | the innate immune system is essential for host survival because of its ability to recognize invading pathogens and mount defensive responses. | 2012 | 23063165 |
| a stabilized respiratory syncytial virus reverse genetics system amenable to recombination-mediated mutagenesis. | we describe the first example of combining bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) recombination-mediated mutagenesis with reverse genetics for a negative strand rna virus. a bac-based respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rescue system was established. an important advantage of this system is that rsv antigenomic cdna was stabilized in the bac vector. the rsv genotype chosen was a2-line19f, a chimeric strain previously shown to recapitulate in mice key features of rsv pathogenesis. we recovered two r ... | 2012 | 23062737 |
| the natural history of respiratory syncytial virus in a birth cohort: the influence of age and previous infection on reinfection and disease. | this study aimed to quantify the effect of age, time since last infection, and infection history on the rate of respiratory syncytial virus infection and the effect of age and infection history on the risk of respiratory syncytial virus disease. a birth cohort of 635 children in kilifi, kenya, was monitored for respiratory syncytial virus infections from january 31, 2002, to april 22, 2005. predictors of infection were examined by cox regression and disease risk by binomial regression. a total o ... | 2012 | 23059788 |
| respiratory syncytial virus reverses airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. | each year, approximately 20% of asthmatics in the united states experience acute symptom exacerbations, which commonly result from pulmonary viral infections. the majority of asthma exacerbations in very young children follow infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). however, pathogenic mechanisms underlying induction of asthma exacerbations by rsv are not well understood. we therefore investigated the effect of post-sensitization rsv infection on lung function in ovalbumin (ova)-sensiti ... | 2012 | 23056391 |
| frequency of common viruses in etiology of acute respiratory tract infections. | to determine the frequency rate of c. pneumoniae, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus, metapneumovirus, adenovirus', parainfluenza virus and coronavirus in acute respiratory tract infections in children. | 2013 | 23054853 |
| cytokine responses in the common cold and otitis media. | cytokines are a group of diverse molecules that influence the function of every organ system. they are most well studied in their effects on the immune system and their integral role in mediating inflammation. the common cold and otitis media are two such disease states, and much has been learned about the various effects of cytokines in each disease. most often the viruses isolated include rhinovirus (rv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, coronavirus, and picornavirus. otitis medi ... | 2012 | 23054624 |
| stat3-mediated il-17 production by postseptic t cells exacerbates viral immunopathology of the lung. | survivors of severe sepsis exhibit increased morbidity and mortality in response to secondary infections. although bacterial secondary infections have been widely studied, there remains a paucity of data concerning viral infections after sepsis. in an experimental mouse model of severe sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture [clp]) followed by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, exacerbated immunopathology was observed in the lungs of clp mice compared with rsv-infected sham surgery mice. t ... | 2012 | 23042197 |
| responsiveness to respiratory syncytial virus in neonates is mediated through thymic stromal lymphopoietin and ox40 ligand. | recent studies revealed a critical role for thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp) released from epithelial cells and ox40 ligand (ox40l) expressed on dendritic cells (dcs) in t(h)2 priming and polarization. | 2012 | 23036746 |
| early repair of large infant ventricular septal defect despite respiratory syncytial virus-induced respiratory failure with postrepair chylous pericardial effusion requiring pleuropericardial window: a case report and review of the literature. | the surgical correction of congenital cardiac lesions that are complicated by intercurrent respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonitis has traditionally been deferred for at least 6 to 8 weeks. the presumption is that using cardiopulmonary bypass will increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. we present an infant who developed acute respiratory failure related to rsv pneumonitis and required urgent mechanical ventilation. cardiac evaluation revealed a large nonrestrictive ven ... | 2012 | 23034497 |
| an adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein induces protection in aged balb/c mice. | | 2012 | 23031690 |
| comparison of diagnostic tools with multiplex polymerase chain reaction for pediatric lower respiratory tract infection: a single center study. | acute respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. most have a viral etiology, with pneumococcus as an important pathogen. this single-center study compared the use of conventional diagnostic tools and two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) examinations for determining pathogens in lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) among children aged <5 years. | 2013 | 23031535 |
| pulmonary bacterial coinfection in infants and children with viral respiratory infection. | the true incidence of pulmonary bacterial coinfection in infants and children hospitalized with a viral respiratory infection is difficult to ascertain but can vary widely from under 1 to 44%. for the same patient group admitted to pediatric intensive care units and/or requiring ventilatory support, the evidence is more convincing, with reported incidences of 17-39%. studies covering influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection dominate the recent literature. whether treatment (or 'cover' ... | 2012 | 23030330 |
| antioxidant mimetics modulate oxidative stress and cellular signaling in airway epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common causes of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and young children worldwide. in previous investigations, we have shown that rsv infection induces rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), which modulate viral-induced cellular signaling, and downregulation of antioxidant enzyme (aoe) expression, resulting in oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo, which plays a pathogenetic role in rsv-induced lung disease. in this study, we ... | 2012 | 23023968 |
| vaccine-elicited cd8+ t cells protect against respiratory syncytial virus strain a2-line19f-induced pathogenesis in balb/c mice. | cd8(+) t cells may contribute to vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). compared to cd8(+) t cells responding to rsv infection, vaccine-elicited anti-rsv cd8(+) t cells are less well defined. we used a peptide vaccine to test the hypothesis that vaccine-elicited rsv-specific cd8(+) t cells are protective against rsv pathogenesis. balb/c mice were treated with a mixture (previously termed trivax) of an m2(82-90) peptide representing an immunodominant cd8 epitope, the toll-like receptor ( ... | 2012 | 23015695 |
| increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor β in infants with rsv bronchiolitis. | the majority of studies on glucocorticoid treatment in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis concluded that there are no beneficial effects. we hypothesized that rsv-infected patients may have an increased glucocorticoid receptor (gr) β expression, the isoform that is unable to bind cortisol and exert an antiinflammatory action. | 2012 | 23008453 |
| neural-endocrine mechanisms of respiratory syncytial virus-associated asthma in a rat model. | we examined the underlying neural-endocrine mechanisms of asthma associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. thirty sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) group, and anti-nerve growth factor (ngf) igg group. an rsv infection model was established by nasal drip once a week. in the anti-ngf antibody intervention group, each rat was given an intraperitoneal injection of anti-ngf igg 3 h before rsv infection. optical microscopy and ... | 2012 | 23007973 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-associated encephalopathy complicated by congenital myopathy. | a 23-month-old japanese girl with a severe form of congenital fiber type disproportion myopathy under mechanical ventilation suffered from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, complicated with acute encephalopathy. she showed consciousness disturbance and convulsions followed by severe brain damage, a rare complication in rsv infection. patients with severe neuromuscular diseases are vulnerable to rsv infection. prophylactic interventions should be recommended. | 2012 | 23005904 |
| [the antiviral role of toll-like receptor 3 in human lung epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus]. | in order to understand the production mechanism of interferon and provide a scientific basis for preventionand clinical therapy, the expression changes of toll-like receptor (tlr3) mrna and the role of tlr3 in human lung epithelial cells (a549 cells) infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were investigated in this study. | 2012 | 23002555 |
| intravenous ribavirin for respiratory syncytial viral infections in pediatric hematopoietic sct recipients. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a potential cause of serious morbidity and even mortality among children undergoing hematopoietic sct (hsct). contrary to the available information regarding the aerosolized formulation of ribavirin, there is a paucity of published studies using i.v. ribavirin in adults, and very few single reports on pediatric patients. aerosolized drug administration has been limited by potential toxicity and special air-flow requirements. in this regard, i.v. ribavirin cou ... | 2013 | 23000643 |
| shift in the timing of respiratory syncytial virus circulation in a subtropical megalopolis: implications for immunoprophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe respiratory infections worldwide, and an important cause of childhood bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and mortality. although prevention of rsv infection by immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab has proved effective, a precise understanding of the timing of rsv outbreaks is necessary to ensure that infants are protected when rsv is circulating. in this study a consistent shift in the seasonal patterns of rsv circulation in southeast bra ... | 2012 | 22997087 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: a decade of contributions. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under 2 years, its distribution is worldwide and even in very different climatic conditions, it appears to have similar features, certainly knowing it will produce a significant amount of infections each year. we present the results of a retrospective review of positive cases for rsv detected in the microbiology laboratory of the hospital clinico universitario of valladolid in the period b ... | 2012 | 22992556 |
| [the application of synthetic peptides to characterize the site-directed antiviral humoral immune response in patients with respiratory syncytial viral infection]. | the article deals with the study of characteristics of epitope-specific humoral immune response to respiratory syncytial viral infection depending on nature of disease and patients' age. the couple serums from 226 children and adults with respiratory syncytial viral infection were analyzed. to detect in enzyme immunoassay the epitope-specific igg the synthetic peptides were applied imitating the structure of functionally depended epitopes of f-protein of respiratory syncytial virus with amino ac ... | 2012 | 22988803 |
| respiratory distress syndrome at birth is a risk factor for hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections in infancy. | respiratory distress syndrome (rds) and hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection (lrti; specifically, respiratory syncytial virus) are important causes of morbidity in infancy. whether rds at birth is an independent risk factor for lrti is unknown. this study estimated the risk of lrti-related hospitalization among late preterm infants with a history of rds. | 2012 | 22986703 |
| evaluating the new york city emergency department syndromic surveillance for monitoring influenza activity during the 2009-10 influenza season. | to use laboratory data to assess the specificity of syndromes used by the new york city emergency department (ed) syndromic surveillance system to monitor influenza activity. | 2012 | 22984645 |
| acute respiratory viral infections in children in rio de janeiro and teresópolis, brazil. | the frequency of viral pathogens causing respiratory infections in children in the cities of rio de janeiro and teresópolis was investigated. nasal swabs from children with acute respiratory illnesses were collected between march 2006 and october 2007. specimens were tested for viral detection by conventional (rt)-pcr and/or real time pcr. of the 205 nasal swabs tested, 64 (31.2%) were positive for at least one of the viral pathogens. single infections were detected in 56 samples, 50 of those we ... | 2012 | 22983287 |
| thymic stromal lymphopoietin is induced by respiratory syncytial virus-infected airway epithelial cells and promotes a type 2 response to infection. | respiratory viral infection, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus, has been linked to respiratory disease in pediatric patients, including severe acute bronchiolitis and asthma exacerbation. | 2012 | 22981788 |
| respiratory viral infections in pediatric solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | respiratory viruses are common in children, including pediatric recipients of both solid organ transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. the prevalence and risk factors in each of these groups are reviewed. furthermore, associated morbidity and mortality in pediatric transplant recipients with respiratory viral infections are addressed. the literature on specific prevention and treatment options for respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza, and other respiratory viru ... | 2012 | 22968439 |
| virus infection-induced bronchial asthma exacerbation. | infection with respiratory viruses, including rhinoviruses, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus, exacerbates asthma, which is associated with processes such as airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucus hypersecretion. in patients with viral infections and with infection-induced asthma exacerbation, inflammatory mediators and substances, including interleukins (ils), leukotrienes and histamine, have been identified in the airway secretions, serum, plasma, and urine. ... | 2012 | 22966430 |
| the use of albuterol in young infants hospitalized with acute rsv bronchiolitis. | objective. to evaluate the effects of albuterol use in young infants admitted with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis with regards to length of time on supplemental oxygen and length of stay (los). to consider the possibility that albuterol use may increase the need for supplemental oxygen and increase los. design, setting, and participants. full-term infants between the ages of 11 days and 90 days (n = 316) were included in this retrospective study. infants included were hospitaliz ... | 2012 | 22966227 |
| genetic relatedness of infecting and reinfecting respiratory syncytial virus strains identified in a birth cohort from rural kenya. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) reinfects individuals repeatedly. the extent to which this is a consequence of rsv antigenic diversity is unclear. | 2012 | 22966119 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and chronic respiratory morbidity - is there a functional or genetic predisposition? | a systematic literature review has been undertaken. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infancy is associated with chronic respiratory morbidity. premorbid abnormal lung function may predispose to rvs lrti in prematurely born infants. | 2012 | 22963586 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection differentiates airway dysfunction in the central and peripheral airways in ova-sensitized mice. | much evidence suggests that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection prolongs airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and exacerbates asthma by enhancing airway inflammation. however, the characteristic of airway inflammation and kinetics of airway dysfunction occurred in the central and peripheral airways were not fully delineated. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rsv on the allergic airway inflammation in different size airways and to elucidate its possible mechanism. u ... | 2012 | 22963501 |
| induction of il-6 and ccl5 (rantes) in human respiratory epithelial (a549) cells by clinical isolates of respiratory syncytial virus is strain specific. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major respiratory pathogen of infants and young children. during each seasonal epidemic, multiple strains of both subgroup a and b viruses circulate in the community. like other rna viruses, rsv genome replication is prone to errors that results in a heterogeneous population of viral strains some of which may possess differences in virulence. we sought to determine whether clinical isolates of rsv differ in their capacity to induce inflammatory cytokines ... | 2012 | 22962966 |
| early infection with respiratory syncytial virus impairs regulatory t cell function and increases susceptibility to allergic asthma. | immune tolerance is instituted early in life, during which time regulatory t (t(reg)) cells have an important role. recurrent infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in early life increase the risk for asthma in adult life. repeated infection of infant mice tolerized to ovalbumin (ova) through their mother's milk with rsv induced allergic airway disease in response to ova sensitization and challenge, including airway inflammation, hyper-reactivity and higher ova-specific ige, as compar ... | 2012 | 22961107 |
| discrimination of influenza virus-infected nasal fluids by vis-nir spectroscopy. | influenza patients show a severe condition of the respiratory tract with high temperature. efficient treatment of influenza requires early use of oseltamivir, and thus rapid diagnosis is needed. recently, rapid diagnostic methods such as immunochromatography have been developed; however, immunochromatography is not an optimal technique because it is relatively expensive and has low sensitivity. | 2012 | 22959922 |
| corticosteroids plus long-acting β2-agonists prevent double-stranded rna-induced upregulation of b7-h1 on airway epithelium. | airway viral infections provoke exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. b7-h1 is a costimulatory molecule that is implicated in an escape mechanism of viruses from host immune systems. this escape may be associated with the persistence of viral infection and lead to exacerbation of underlying diseases. we have shown that an analog of viral double-stranded rna, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly ic), upregulated the expression of b7-h1 on airway epithelial cells, an ... | 2013 | 22948082 |
| better newborn vitamin d status lowers rsv-associated bronchiolitis in infants. | each year 1.5 million children under the age of 5 years die from pneumonia. in the united states, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the number one cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 year of age. low serum 25(oh)d is associated with an increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). two recent studies have provided important information concerning the association between cord blood 25(oh)d and subsequent risk of developing respiratory infection in very young ... | 2012 | 22946854 |
| a prospective, open-label, non-comparative study of palivizumab prophylaxis in children at high risk of serious respiratory syncytial virus disease in the russian federation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in children globally. predisposing conditions for the development of serious rsv disease include preterm infants and those with cardiopulmonary illness, including congenital heart disease (chd) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd). no vaccine is currently approved for the prevention of rsv infection. it is recommended that children at high risk be prophylactically administered palivizumab, a monocl ... | 2012 | 22943074 |
| clinical and pharmacological aspects of immunoprophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of respiratory tract infection in infants and young children throughout the world. although preterm birth has been considered for years the major risk factor for severe disease and hospitalization, recent findings indicate that prematurity is not a necessary condition, but one of the independent risk factors for severe rsv infection, together with chronic lung diseases, congenital heart disease and immunodeficiency. furthermore, over 50% of ... | 2013 | 22935064 |
| exogenous, tap-independent lysosomal presentation of a respiratory syncytial virus ctl epitope. | respiratory syncytial virus causes lower respiratory tract infections in infancy and old age, affecting also immunocompromised patients. the viral fusion protein is an important vaccine candidate eliciting antibody and cell-mediated immune responses. cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) are known to have a role in both lung pathology and viral clearance. in balb/c mice, the fusion protein epitope f249-258 is presented to ctls by the murine major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule ... | 2012 | 22929180 |
| an adaptive randomized trial of an intermittent dosing schedule of aerosolized ribavirin in patients with cancer and respiratory syncytial virus infection. | a continuous dosing schedule of aerosolized ribavirin has been used for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) upper respiratory tract infection and lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) but is associated with high cost and inconvenient administration. we conducted an adaptive randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an intermittent dosing schedule of ribavirin versus that of a continuous dosing schedule of ribavirin in preventing rsv lrtis in 50 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipie ... | 2012 | 22927454 |
| viral and atypical bacterial etiology of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years old living in a rural tropical area of madagascar. | in madagascar, very little is known about the etiology and prevalence of acute respiratory infections (aris) in a rural tropical area. recent data are needed to determine the viral and atypical bacterial etiologies in children with defined clinical manifestations of aris. | 2012 | 22912897 |
| specific dietary oligosaccharides increase th1 responses in a mouse respiratory syncytial virus infection model. | breast feeding reduces the risk of developing severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in infants. in addition to maternal antibodies, other immune-modulating factors in human milk contribute to this protection. specific dietary prebiotic oligosaccharides, similar to oligosaccharides present in human milk, were evaluated in a c57bl/6 mouse rsv infection model. during primary rsv infection, increased numbers of rsv-specific cd4(+) t cells producing gamma interferon (ifn-γ) were found i ... | 2012 | 22896622 |
| respiratory syncytial virus modifies micrornas regulating host genes that affect virus replication. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes substantial morbidity and life-threatening lower respiratory tract disease in infants, young children and the elderly. understanding the host response to rsv infection is critical for developing disease-intervention approaches. the role of micrornas (mirnas) in post-transcriptional regulation of host genes responding to rsv infection is not well understood. in this study, it was shown that rsv infection of a human alveolar epithelial cell line (a549) indu ... | 2012 | 22894925 |
| the rsv fusion receptor: not what everyone expected it to be. | this article reviews current knowledge about respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) binding and entry into cells. the recent discovery of nucleolin as a fusion receptor for rsv opens new avenues for developing interventions, while raising questions concerning rsv pathobiology and tropism. we also discuss characteristics of a good rsv drug target. | 2012 | 22884716 |
| respiratory syncytial virus morbidity and outpatient palivizumab dosing in south carolina, 2004-2009. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been identified as an important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants. in patients at high risk, prevention is attempted through immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab. in 2008, as a result of revisions to the american academy of pediatrics' guidelines, south carolina medicaid reduced the number of approved palivizumab doses from six to five. this study attempted to determine whether the reduction of approved doses would affect hospitalization and ... | 2012 | 22864095 |
| effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on hospital admissions of young children for acute lower respiratory infections in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | there is emerging evidence, largely from studies in europe and north america, that economic deprivation increases the magnitude of morbidity and mortality related to air pollution. two major reasons why this may be true are that the poor experience higher levels of exposure to air pollution, and they are more vulnerable to its effects--in other words, due to poorer nutrition, less access to medical care, and other factors, they experience more health impact per unit of exposure. the relations am ... | 2012 | 22849236 |
| montelukast inhibits leukotriene stimulation of human dendritic cells in vitro. | leukotrienes are potent inflammatory mediators which modulate immune responses and induce bronchoconstriction in susceptible individuals. montelukast (mk) is a leukotriene receptor (cyslt1) antagonist that has been shown to prevent exacerbation of asthma. considering the plethora of potential cellular targets for mk, specific mechanisms for its therapeutic action are still not fully understood. in vitro, we determined whether human dendritic cell function could be affected by leukotriene c(4) (l ... | 2012 | 22846852 |
| pharyngeal microflora disruption by antibiotics promotes airway hyperresponsiveness after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | regulatory t cells (treg cells), which are essential for regulation of immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, are promoted by pharyngeal commensal pneumococcus. the effects of pharyngeal microflora disruption by antibiotics on airway responsiveness and relative immune responses after rsv infection have not been clarified. | 2012 | 22844430 |
| what is the clinical relevance of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis?: findings from a multi-center, prospective study. | acute bronchiolitis (ab) is caused primarily by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). recent laboratory tools have implicated a variety of other pathogens; however, their clinical relevance has not been clearly defined. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the etiological agents of ab affect its course. a multicenter prospective study was performed in previously healthy children <24 months of age who presented with <4 days duration of ab. subjects were divided into the following group ... | 2012 | 22825246 |
| ethical considerations and rationale of the maki trial: a multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial into the preventive effect of palivizumab on recurrent wheezing associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with a gestational age of 33-35 weeks. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis during infancy. long-term airway morbidity with recurrent post bronchiolitis wheezing (pbw) episodes, which are probably associated with respiratory infections, occurs in 30 to 70% of infants that were hospitalised with rsv lrti. | 2012 | 22820319 |
| effectiveness of the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing confirmed influenza hospitalizations in adults: a case-case comparison, case-control study. | we estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (ive) to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations in patients 18 years old or older during the 2010-2011 influenza season. | 2012 | 22819720 |
| preexposure to cpg protects against the delayed effects of neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection. | severe respiratory viral infection in early life is associated with recurrent wheeze and asthma in later childhood. neonatal immune responses tend to be skewed toward t helper 2 (th2) responses, which may contribute to the development of a pathogenic recall response to respiratory infection. since neonatal th2 skewing can be modified by stimulation with toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands, we investigated the effect of exposure to cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (tlr9 ligands) prior to neonatal respirato ... | 2012 | 22811525 |
| population pharmacokinetics of palivizumab, a humanized anti-respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, in adults and children. | although it has been on the market for over a decade, confusion remains regarding the pharmacokinetics (pk) and optimal dosing of palivizumab, a humanized igg1κ monoclonal antibody indicated for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pediatric patients at high risk of rsv disease. the objectives of this analysis were to characterize the population pk of palivizumab in adults and children using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling, quan ... | 2012 | 22802243 |
| the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection on young children. | | 2012 | 22801098 |
| comparison of fast-track diagnostics respiratory pathogens multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay with in-house singleplex assays for comprehensive detection of human respiratory viruses. | fast-track diagnostics respiratory pathogens (ftdrp) multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay was compared with in-house singleplex real-time rt-pcr assays for detection of 16 common respiratory viruses. the ftdrp assay correctly identified 26 diverse respiratory virus strains, 35 of 41 (85%) external quality assessment samples spiked with cultured virus and 232 of 263 (88%) archived respiratory specimens that tested positive for respiratory viruses by in-house assays. of 308 prospectively tested respir ... | 2012 | 22796035 |
| assessing modeled co(2) retention and rebreathing of a facemask designed for efficient delivery of aerosols to infants. | background. new aerosol drugs for infants may require more efficient delivery systems, including face masks. maximizing delivery efficiency requires tight-fitting masks with minimal internal mask volumes, which could cause carbon dioxide (co(2)) retention. an rna-interference-based antiviral for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus in populations that may include young children is designed for aerosol administration. co(2) accumulation within inhalation face masks has not been evaluated. met ... | 2012 | 22792479 |
| stimulation of immature lung macrophages with intranasal interferon gamma in a novel neonatal mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral death in infants. reduced cd8 t-cells and negligible interferon gamma (ifnγ) in the airway are associated with severe infant rsv disease, yet there is an abundance of alveolar macrophages (am) and neutrophils. however, it is unclear, based on our current understanding of macrophage functional heterogeneity, if immature am improve viral clearance or contribute to inflammation and airway obstruction in the ifnγ-defic ... | 2012 | 22792355 |
| four new dilignans from the roots of wikstroemia indica. | phytochemical investigation of the roots of wikstroemia indica led to the isolation of four new dilignans (1-4). their structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data including uv, ir, high resolution-electron ionization-mass spectrometry (hr-esi-ms), 1d- and 2d-nmr (1h-1h correlation spectroscopy (cosy), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (hsqc), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (hmbc) and rotating frame overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (roesy)). these dilignans ... | 2012 | 22790828 |
| an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outpatients: good outcome without specific antiviral treatment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of seasonal respiratory viral infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (hsct) patients. the efficacy of treatment, however, remains controversial. we describe an outbreak of 31 cases of rsv that occurred in an hsct outpatient care unit in the fall season from march through may 2010, with a good outcome without any specific antiviral treatment. | 2013 | 22783905 |
| nonclinical phenotypic and genotypic analyses of a phase 1 pediatric respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate medi-559 (ra2cp248/404/1030δsh) at permissive and non-permissive temperatures. | medi-559 is a recombinant live attenuated intranasal rsv vaccine candidate currently being evaluated in 5 to <24 month old rsv seronegative infants for safety and immunogenicity. medi-559 and the previously tested ra2cp248/404/1030δsh both have 5 cold-passaged mutations, 3 temperature sensitive (ts) markers designated 248, 404, and 1030, and deletion of the sh gene that collectively contribute to their attenuation and temperature sensitive growth phenotypes. however, medi-559 differs from ra2cp2 ... | 2012 | 22771939 |
| adherence to guidelines for respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis among infants with prematurity or chronic lung disease in three united states counties. | among infants with prematurity and/or chronic lung disease for whom respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis is recommended, we examined adherence in infants enrolled during healthcare visits for acute respiratory illness in 3 u.s. counties from 2001 to 2007. immunoprophylaxis among infants who met national criteria for prophylaxis increased from 33% to 83% over the 6-year period; 17% (11/65) of infants who received immunoprophylaxis did not meet eligibility criteria. | 2012 | 22760537 |
| inhaled prostacyclin and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in a premature infant with respiratory syncytial virus-associated respiratory failure. | in a 29-day-old premature infant with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia, we have shown an additive effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (hfov) and continuous inhalation of prostacyclin (ipgi(2)) with improvement of ventilation and oxygenation. the addition of continuous inhaled ipgi(2) to hfov was beneficial in the treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure owing to rsv-associated pneumonia. the improvement in alveolar recruitment by increasing lung expansion by hfov along ... | 2012 | 22753555 |
| azithromycin therapy in hospitalized infants with acute bronchiolitis is not associated with better clinical outcomes: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. | to test the hypothesis that azithromycin reduces the length of hospitalization and oxygen requirement in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis (ab). | 2012 | 22748516 |
| effects of a short course of pranlukast combined with systemic corticosteroid on acute asthma exacerbation induced by upper respiratory tract infection. | upper respiratory tract infections (uris) represent the most frequent cause of acute asthma exacerbation. systemic corticosteroid (cs) is presently recommended for uri-induced asthma exacerbation, although it might inhibit cellular immunity against respiratory virus infection. | 2012 | 22746973 |
| why does respiratory syncytial virus appear to cause asthma? | | 2012 | 22742838 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection augments nod2 signaling in an ifn-β-dependent manner in human primary cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, with remarkable variability in disease severity. an exaggerated proinflammatory response and influx of leukocytes is part of the pathogenesis of severe rsv disease. here, we show an increase in proinflammatory cytokine production by human immune cells after stimulation with rsv and muramyl dipeptide (mdp), which is recognized by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (nod2). pbmcs ... | 2012 | 22730064 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and nasopharyngeal wash collection methods for respiratory virus detection in hospitalized children using real-time polymerase chain reaction. | this paper describes the molecular detection of respiratory viruses from nasopharyngeal flocked swabs (flocked swabs) and nasopharyngeal washes (washes) in a clinical setting. washes and flocked swabs collected from children<3 years old hospitalized with a lower respiratory tract infection were tested for parainfluenza virus 1-3, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a and b and metapneumovirus (group 1) and adenovirus, rhinovirus and coronavirus (group 2) using real-time reverse transcriptase ... | 2012 | 22728277 |
| antibody response to the central unglycosylated region of the respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein in mice. | we examined the humoral immune response to the unglycosylated central region of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) protein in mice following intranasal challenge at day 0 (primary) and day 21 (secondary) with subtype a (a2 strain) or b (b1 strain) rsv preparations. our serological screening reagents included bacterially derived glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion proteins, each bearing a portion of the rsv g central core (cc; residues 151-190), proximal central core (pcc; re ... | 2012 | 22728222 |
| palivizumab use during respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in the neonatal intensive care unit. | | 2012 | 22727129 |
| [epidemiology, clinical features and medical interventions in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis]. | to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatments prescribed in children with bronchiolitis admitted to our hospital. | 2012 | 22726299 |
| mortality attributable to 9 common infections: significant effect of influenza a, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza b, norovirus, and parainfluenza in elderly persons. | because there may be substantial hidden mortality caused by common seasonal pathogens, we estimated the number of deaths in elderly persons attributable to viruses and bacteria for which robust weekly laboratory surveillance data were available. | 2012 | 22723641 |
| systematic literature review assessing tobacco smoke exposure as a risk factor for serious respiratory syncytial virus disease among infants and young children. | the role of environmental tobacco smoke (ets) exposure as a risk factor for serious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease among infants and young children has not been clearly established. this systematic review was conducted to explore the association between ets exposure and serious rsv disease in children younger than 5 years, including infants and young children with elevated risk for serious rsv disease. | 2012 | 22721493 |
| respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in high-risk infants with heart disease. | passive immunisation with palivizumab is recommended in many countries for children with haemodynamically significant cardiac disease. we trialled respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) immunoprophylaxis in such infants during 2008–2009. | 2012 | 22720323 |
| macrolide therapy in respiratory viral infections. | macrolides have received considerable attention for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions beyond the antibacterial effect. these two properties may ensure some efficacy in a wide spectrum of respiratory viral infections. we aimed to summarize the properties of macrolides and their efficacy in a range of respiratory viral infection. | 2012 | 22719178 |
| hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients under 2 years of age with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. | to describe hospitalization rates, burden of disease, and associated risk factors of acute respiratory infections (ari), particularly those caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and non-rsv-ari, in a cohort of patients under 2 years of age with congenital heart disease (chd). | 2012 | 22718202 |
| enhanced immune responses and protection by vaccination with respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein formulated with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide and innate defense regulator peptide in polyphosphazene microparticles. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of serious respiratory tract disease in children, to date no rsv vaccine is available. to produce an effective subunit vaccine, a truncated secreted version of the f protein (δf) was expressed in mammalian cells, purified and shown to form trimers. the δf protein was then formulated with a cpg oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) and an innate defense regulator (idr) peptide in polyphosphazene microparticles (δf-mp). mice immunized either int ... | 2012 | 22713718 |
| neonatal bronchial hyperresponsiveness precedes acute severe viral bronchiolitis in infants. | respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory tract viruses lead to common colds in most infants, whereas a minority develop acute severe bronchiolitis often requiring hospitalization. we hypothesized that such an excessive response to respiratory tract viral infection is caused by host factors reflected in pre-existing increased bronchial responsiveness. | 2012 | 22713595 |
| epidemiology of respiratory virus infections among infants and young children admitted to hospital in oman. | the aim of this prospective study was to determine the epidemiology of respiratory viruses responsible for seasonal epidemics of influenza-like illness in infants and young children in oman. all children ≤5 years of age consecutively admitted to sultan qaboos university hospital in oman over a 1-year period between december 2007 and december 2008 with acute respiratory infections were included. a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for viral detection was performed on nasopharyngeal aspira ... | 2012 | 22711362 |
| pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus. | while affecting all age groups, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections can be particularly severe in infants, who develop functionally distinct immune responses, as well as in immunocompromised individuals. the extent to which environmental, viral and host factors contribute to the pathogenesis of rsv varies considerably between infected individuals. a correlation between the level of virus replication and pathogenesis has been established, and several viral proteins, in particular ns1 and ... | 2012 | 22709517 |