| ozonation by-products issued from the destruction of microorganisms present in wastewaters treated for reuse. | this work demonstrates the reaction of ozone on the amino acids comprising the covering layer of resistant micro-organisms. a secondary aim was to check the byproducts generated when ozone was applied to synthetic samples (such as vibrio cholerae no 01 wfcc-449, salmonella typhi attc-6539, faecal coliforms and ascaris suum). the ozone was applied at a concentration of 18.4 mgo3/min at ph 3, for different lengths of time. in the case of bacteria, results showed that, at 8 minutes, the number was ... | 2004 | 15344790 |
| cloning and overproduction of the rpoz gene encoding an rna polymerase omega subunit from a deep-sea piezophilic shewanella violacea strain dss12. | we have cloned the rpoz gene, encoding rna polymerase omega protein, by pcr approach from the deep-sea piezophilic and psychrophilic bacterium, shewanella violacea strain dss12. the cloned gene, 285bp in length, was found to encode a protein consisting of 94 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 10,327 da. significant homology was evident comparing the rpoz protein of s. violacea with that of shewanella oneidensis (69% identity), vibrio cholerae (65% identity), escherichia coli k-12 (64% ... | 2004 | 15346766 |
| [role of iron ions in the production of hemolysin by toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae of different serogroups]. | the hemolytic activity of ctx- and ctx+ v. cholerae, serogroups eltor and o39, in a medium free of fecl3 was studied. during the cultivation in this medium, the strains of both v. cholerae serogroups proved to be capable of lysing sheep red blood cells in the graig test, irrespective of the presence of ctx genes. the cultivation of v. cholerae ctx+ strains of both serogroups under such conditions facilitated the production of hemolysin with the same spectrum of lytic activity as hemolysin produc ... | 2004 | 15346956 |
| [phenotypical analysis of heterogenic vibrio cholerae strain dacca 35 ogawa]. | the comparative analysis of the production of the main pathogenicity factors by toxigenic and non-toxigenic clones of v. cholerae natural classical strain dacca 35 ogawa has been carried out. the data obtained in this analysis indicate that the appearance of turbid colonies, not synthesing cholera toxin, is linked with the production of an exopolysaccharide layer on the outer surface of the cells, which determines their morphology. the suggestion has been made that the regulatory gene toxr contr ... | 2004 | 15346959 |
| crystallographic analysis of the pseudomonas aeruginosa strain k122-4 monomeric pilin reveals a conserved receptor-binding architecture. | adherence of pathogens to host cells is critical for the initiation of infection and is thus an attractive target for anti-infective therapeutics and vaccines. in the opportunistic human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa, host-cell adherence is achieved predominantly by type iv pili. analysis of several clinical strains of p. aeruginosa reveals poor sequence conservation between pilin genes, including the residues in the receptor-binding site. interestingly, the receptor-binding sites appear to re ... | 2004 | 15350129 |
| phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion. | comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages) are coevolving. this process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where the majority contain prophages or phage remnants integrated into the bacterial dna. many prophages from bacterial pathogens encode virulence factors. two situations can be distinguished: vibrio cholerae, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, corynebacterium diphtheriae, and clostridium botulinum depend on a specific p ... | 2004 | 15353570 |
| the crystal structure of ribosomal chaperone trigger factor from vibrio cholerae. | trigger factor is a molecular chaperone that is present in all species of eubacteria. it binds to the ribosomal 50s subunit near the translation exit tunnel and is thought to be the first protein to interact with nascent polypeptides emerging from the ribosome. the chaperone has a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase) activity that catalyzes the rate-limiting proline isomerization in the protein-folding process. we have determined the crystal structure of nearly full-length trigger factor ... | 2004 | 15353602 |
| the ability of two different vibrio spp. bacteriophages to infect vibrio harveyi, vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus. | to determine the host range of the vibrio harveyi myovirus-like bacteriophage (vhml) and the cholera toxin conversion bacteriophage (ctx phi) within a range of vibrio cholerae and v. mimicus and v. harveyi, v. cholerae and v. mimicus isolates respectively. | 2004 | 15357715 |
| cholesterol and the activity of bacterial toxins. | cholesterol may affect the activity of microbial toxins in a direct, specific way, or it may exert indirect effects because of its role in membrane fluidity, membrane line tension, and in the stabilization of rafts in the cytoplasmic membrane. the thiol-activated toxins of gram-positive bacteria, and the cytolysin of vibrio cholerae are presented as examples of specific toxin-cholesterol interaction. several mechanisms of indirect effects of cholesterol are discussed using examples such as staph ... | 2004 | 15358412 |
| reverse transcription-multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, vibrio cholerae o1, and salmonella typhi. | escherichia coli o157:h7, vibrio cholerae o1, and salmonella typhi are pathogenic bacteria that can be found in contaminated water supplies throughout the world. no currently available assays can simultaneously detect and identify all three pathogens. our aim was to develop a rapid and reliable technique for simultaneous detection of these pathogens. | 2004 | 15364889 |
| catalytically inactive condensation domain c1 is responsible for the dimerization of the vibf subunit of vibriobactin synthetase. | nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps), fatty acid synthases (fas), and polyketide synthases (pks) are multimodular enzymatic assembly lines utilized in natural product biosynthesis. the oligomeric structure of these assembly line enzymes has been a topic of interest because higher order oligomeric quaternary structural arrangements allow for alternate paths of acyl intermediate elongation and present unique challenges for the chimeric engineering of hybrid assembly lines. unlike other nrps sys ... | 2004 | 15366944 |
| transcriptional regulation of vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease by the cyclic amp receptor protein and rpos. | vibrio cholerae secretes a zn-dependent metalloprotease, hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease), which is encoded by hapa and displays a broad range of potentially pathogenic activities. production of ha/protease requires transcriptional activation by the quorum-sensing regulator hapr. in this study we demonstrate that transcription of hapa is growth phase dependent and specifically activated in the deceleration and stationary growth phases. addition of glucose in these phases repressed hapa trans ... | 2004 | 15375117 |
| a naturally occurring point mutation in the 13-mer r repeat affects the oric function of the large chromosome of vibrio cholerae o1 classical biotype. | the genome of vibrio cholerae consists of two circular chromosomes of different sizes. here, a comparative analysis of the replication origins of the large chromosomes (oricivc) of classical and el torbio types of the pathogen is reported. extensive nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the oricivc region has six dnaa boxes instead of the five found in escherichia coli oric. the additional dnaa box, designated rv, was unique in v. cholerae as well as in other members of the family vibrionac ... | 2004 | 15375645 |
| proteome comparison of vibrio cholerae cultured in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. | the pathogen vibrio cholerae causes severe diarrheal disease in humans. this environmental inhabitant has two distinct life cycles, in the environment and in the human small intestine, in which it differs in its multiplication behavior and virulence expression. anaerobiosis, limitation of some nutrient elements, and excess burden from host metabolism reactants are the major stresses for v. cholerae living in intestine, in comparison to conditions in the environment and laboratory medium. for an ... | 2004 | 15378743 |
| mutagenesis study of the 2fe-2s center and the fad binding site of the na(+)-translocating nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae. | many marine and pathogenic bacteria have a unique sodium-translocating nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr), which generates an electrochemical na(+) gradient during aerobic respiration. na(+)-nqr consists of six subunits (nqra-f) and contains five known redox cofactors: two covalently bound fmns, one noncovalently bound fad, one riboflavin, and one 2fe-2s center. a stable neutral flavin-semiquinone radical is observed in the air-oxidized enzyme, while the nadh- or dithionite-reduced enzym ... | 2004 | 15379571 |
| evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove microorganisms and arsenic from drinking water. | contamination of drinking water by microorganisms and arsenic represents a major human health hazard in many parts of the world. an estimated 3.4 million deaths a year are attributable to waterborne diseases. arsenic poisoning from contaminated water sources is causing a major health emergency in some countries such as bangladesh where 35 to 77 million people are at risk. the world health organization (who) has recently recognized point-of-use water treatment as an effective means of reducing il ... | 2003 | 15382736 |
| a vibrio cholerae classical tcpa amino acid sequence induces protective antibody that binds an area hypothesized to be important for toxin-coregulated pilus structure. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium that has been associated with cholera pandemics since the early 1800s. whole-cell, killed, and live-attenuated oral cholera vaccines are in use. we and others have focused on the development of a subunit cholera vaccine that features standardized epitopes from various v. cholerae macromolecules that are known to induce protective antibody responses. tcpa protein is assembled into toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), a type ivb pilus required for v. cholerae ... | 2004 | 15385509 |
| carb-9, a carbenicillinase encoded in the vcr region of vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 belongs to a family of cassette-encoded beta-lactamases. | the gene bla(carb-9) was located in the vibrio cholerae super-integron, but in a different location relative to bla(carb-7). carb-9 (pi 5.2) conferred beta-lactam mics four to eight times lower than those conferred by carb-7, differing at ambler's positions v97i, l124f, and t228k. comparison of the genetic environments of all reported bla(carb) genes indicated that the carb enzymes constitute a family of cassette-encoded beta-lactamases. | 2004 | 15388476 |
| electrophoretic and serological properties of the non-dialyzable growth products of vibrio cholerae. | | 1949 | 15400362 |
| a note on the globular forms of vibrio cholera. | | 1950 | 15415554 |
| immuno-chemical studies on vibrio cholerae. | | 1950 | 15421690 |
| on the mucinases of vibrio comma. | | 1950 | 15426123 |
| [electron microscope research on the morphology of vibrio cholerae]. | | 1950 | 15442516 |
| the impact of deltag on the oral bioavailability of low bioavailable therapeutic agents. | low oral bioavailability continues to drive research toward identifying novel approaches to enhance drug delivery. over the past few years, emphasis on the use of absorption enhancers has been overwhelming despite their major adverse effects. zonula occludens toxin (zot) was recently established as a safe and effective absorption enhancer, reversibly opening the tight junctions for hydrophilic markers and hydrophobic drugs across the small intestine and the blood brain barrier. deltag, the biolo ... | 2005 | 15448170 |
| chemotaxis in vibrio cholerae. | the ability of motile bacteria to swim toward or away from specific environmental stimuli, such as nutrients, oxygen, or light provides cells with a survival advantage, especially under nutrient-limiting conditions. this behavior, called chemotaxis, is mediated by the bacteria changing direction by briefly reversing the direction of rotation of the flagellar motors. a sophisticated signal transduction system, consisting of signal transducer proteins, a histidine kinase, a response regulator, a c ... | 2004 | 15451094 |
| ultrastructural evidence of invasive activity of vibrio cholerae. | the development of experimental cholera in suckling rabbits is associated with typical cholerogenic syndrome: the presence of vibrio cholerae in the blood, bile (in 60 and 70% cases, respectively), small and large intestine (in 100% cases). simultaneously with enterocyte desquamation and increased permeability of the blood-enterocyte barrier, the vibrios are released into villous stroma and then into the microcirculatory bed. the zot toxin is involved in the mechanism of vibrio cholerae invasion ... | 2004 | 15452615 |
| effect of bile on the cell surface permeability barrier and efflux system of vibrio cholerae. | gram-negative bacteria are inherently impermeable to hydrophobic compounds, due to the synergistic activity of the permeability barrier imposed by the outer membrane and energy dependent efflux systems. the gram-negative, enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae appears to be deficient in both these activities; the outer membrane is not an effective barrier to hydrophobic permeants, presumably due to the presence of exposed phospholipids on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, and efflux systems are ... | 2004 | 15466033 |
| three parallel quorum-sensing systems regulate gene expression in vibrio harveyi. | in a process called quorum sensing, bacteria communicate using extracellular signal molecules termed autoinducers. two parallel quorum-sensing systems have been identified in the marine bacterium vibrio harveyi. system 1 consists of the luxm-dependent autoinducer hai-1 and the hai-1 sensor, luxn. system 2 consists of the luxs-dependent autoinducer ai-2 and the ai-2 detector, luxpq. the related bacterium, vibrio cholerae, a human pathogen, possesses system 2 (luxs, ai-2, and luxpq) but does not h ... | 2004 | 15466044 |
| lipopolysaccharides of vibrio cholerae ii. genetics of biosynthesis. | an account of our up to date knowledge of the genetics of biosynthesis of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps) is presented in this review. while not much information is available in the literature on the genetics of biosynthesis of lipid a of v. cholerae, the available information on the characteristics and proposed functions of the corepolysaccharide (core-ps) biosynthetic genes is discussed. the genetic organizations encoding the o-antigen polysaccharides (o-ps) of v. cholerae of serogrou ... | 2004 | 15469898 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of no-o1 vibrio cholerae strains isolated from patients in cuba]. | | 2004 | 15470516 |
| molecular biology. rnas turn on in tandem. | | 2004 | 15472064 |
| a glycine-dependent riboswitch that uses cooperative binding to control gene expression. | we identified a previously unknown riboswitch class in bacteria that is selectively triggered by glycine. a representative of these glycine-sensing rnas from bacillus subtilis operates as a rare genetic on switch for the gcvt operon, which codes for proteins that form the glycine cleavage system. most glycine riboswitches integrate two ligand-binding domains that function cooperatively to more closely approximate a two-state genetic switch. this advanced form of riboswitch may have evolved to en ... | 2004 | 15472076 |
| evolutionary genetic analysis of the emergence of epidemic vibrio cholerae isolates on the basis of comparative nucleotide sequence analysis and multilocus virulence gene profiles. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic ecosystem. we examined a unique collection of v. cholerae clinical and environmental isolates of widespread geographic distribution recovered over a 60-year period to determine their evolutionary genetic relationships based on analysis of two housekeeping genes, malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and a chaperonin (groel). in addition, the phylogenetic distribution of 12 regions associated with virulence was determine ... | 2004 | 15472325 |
| genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance. | vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen and the cause of cholera. since genetic variation and antibiotic resistance of strains have implications for effective treatment of the disease, we examined the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profile in 92 clinical strains (serogroup o1) and 56 environmental strains (o1 antigen, 42 strains; non-o1 antigen, 14 strains) isolated in brazil between 1991 and 1999. clinical and environmental o1 strains showed greater drug resistance compared ... | 2004 | 15473163 |
| an efficient approach to n-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronic acid-based sialylmimetics as potential sialidase inhibitors. | a novel approach to the synthesis of beta-glycosides of n-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronic acid, in six steps and good overall yield from n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, has been developed. the key synthetic step was the lewis acid mediated o-glycosidation of methyl 1,3,4-tri-o-pivaloyl-n-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronate (11). elaboration of glucosaminuronides 15 and 18 provided novel sialylmimetics 21 and 22, which showed inhibition of vibrio cholerae sialidase. | 2004 | 15482923 |
| assessing clonality of vibrio cholerae inaba isolates by characterization of nonsense mutations in wbet. | the transferase gene wbet of six clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor was analysed. two unique mutations were identified in the wbet gene of three inaba isolates. due to their random nature, mutations in wbet can be used to determine the clonal origin of clinical inaba isolates. | 2004 | 15496388 |
| variation of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 in the aquatic environment of bangladesh and its correlation with the clinical strains. | the diversity of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 in the aquatic environment of bangladesh is not known. a total of 18 environmental and 18 clinical strains of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 were isolated simultaneously from four different geographical areas and tested for variation by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method. environmental strains showed diversified profiles and one of the profiles was common to some environmental strains and most clinical strains. it appears that one clone has an advanta ... | 2004 | 15502411 |
| slaughterhouse wastewater treatment in a full-scale system with constructed wetlands. | this work evaluated the performance of a full-scale system with wetlands for slaughterhouse (abattoir) effluent treatment in the state of hidalgo, méxico. the treatment system consisted of a primary sedimentation tank, an anaerobic lagoon, and a constructed subsurface-flow wetland, in series. the wetland accounted for almost 30% of the removal of organic matter. in general, the treatment system achieved satisfactory pollutant removals, but the final effluent could not meet the mexican environmen ... | 2004 | 15508424 |
| p-glycoprotein substrate binding domains are located at the transmembrane domain/transmembrane domain interfaces: a combined photoaffinity labeling-protein homology modeling approach. | p-glycoprotein (p-gp) is an energy-dependent multidrug efflux pump conferring resistance to cancer chemotherapy. characterization of the mechanism of drug transport at a molecular level represents an important prerequisite for the design of pump inhibitors, which resensitize cancer cells to standard chemotherapy. in addition, p-glycoprotein plays an important role for early absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiling in drug development. a set of propafenonetype subst ... | 2005 | 15509712 |
| seasonality and antimicrobial resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae in a tertiary care hospital of north india. | we retrospectively analysed the seasonal distribution of cholera and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae isolates over a 5-year period from january 1998 to december 2002. of 3213 stool specimens processed from 3213 patients with acute watery diarrhoea during this period, 431 samples (13.4%) were found positive for v. cholerae. there were 423 v. cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor, 2 v. cholerae o139 and six isolates of non-o1 non-o139. the highest number of cholera cases occurred in m ... | 2004 | 15510963 |
| seasonality and species of vibrio cholerae in karachi, pakistan. | | 2004 | 15510965 |
| smarter than the average phage. | the seventh cholera pandemic emerged in the poorer nations of the world towards the end of the 20th century and continues to kill thousands of people per year. the causative agent of cholera, the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholera, is only pathogenic when it contains a lysogenic bacteriophage, ctxphi, that encodes the toxin responsible for inducing massive fluid loss from the human host. site-specific integration of ctxphi into chromosome i of v. cholera occurs at a site, dif, that is normal ... | 2004 | 15522071 |
| characterization of xerc- and xerd-dependent ctx phage integration in vibrio cholerae. | ctxphi is a filamentous bacteriophage that encodes cholera toxin and integrates site-specifically into the larger of the two vibrio cholerae chromosomes. the ctxphi genome lacks an integrase; instead, its integration depends on the chromosome-encoded tyrosine recombinases xerc and xerd. during integration, recombination occurs between regions of homology in ctxphi and the v. cholerae chromosome. here, we define the elements on the phage genome (attp) and bacterial chromosome (attb) required for ... | 2004 | 15522078 |
| [otitis caused by vibrio cholerae non-01/non-0139 strains acquired in germany]. | | 2004 | 15526661 |
| structural biology and structure-based inhibitor design of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin. | structural biology studies on cholera toxin and the closely related heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli over the past decade have shed light on the mechanism of toxin action at molecular and atomic levels. also, components of the extracellular protein secretion apparatus that translocate the toxins across the outer membrane are being investigated. at the same time, structure-based design has led to various classes of compounds targeting different toxin sites, including ... | 2004 | 15532979 |
| the structure of the cytoplasmic domain of epsl, an inner membrane component of the type ii secretion system of vibrio cholerae: an unusual member of the actin-like atpase superfamily. | the type ii secretion system (t2ss) is used by several gram-negative bacteria for the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and virulence factors across the outer membrane. in these secretion systems, a complex of 12-15 so-called "gsp proteins" spans from a regulatory atpase in the cytoplasm, via several signal or energy transducing proteins in the inner membrane and the pseudopilins in the periplasm, to the actual pore in the outer membrane. the human pathogen vibrio cholerae employs such an assembly ... | 2004 | 15533433 |
| two-stage anaerobic digestion process for complete inactivation of enteric bacterial pathogens in human night soil. | anaerobic digestion offers a good alternative for human waste treatment. however, the fate of enteric bacterial pathogens present in human night soil (hns) remains a major concern for hygienic safety of the process. a two-stage anaerobic digestion process, consisting of separate acidogenic and methanogenic digesters, was designed and its efficacy in the inactivation of salmonella typhi was compared to a single-stage digestion process. in a single-stage digestion, complete pathogen inactivation w ... | 2004 | 15536996 |
| vibrio cholerae strains with mutations in an atypical type i secretion system accumulate rtx toxin intracellularly. | this study shows that the vibrio cholerae rtx toxin is secreted by a four-component type i secretion system (tiss) encoded by rtxb, rtxd, rtxe, and tolc. atp-binding site mutations in both rtxb and rtxe blocked secretion, demonstrating that this atypical tiss requires two transport atpases that may function as a heterodimer. | 2004 | 15547287 |
| [role of lectin (hlya) in the hemolytic and hemagglutinating activity of vibrio cholerae]. | data on the nature of the substance which determines the structural gene hlya in v. cholerae are presented. computer analysis and experimental data on hemolysin preparations and v. cholerae strains testify that gene hlya determines the synthesis of ricin-like galactose-specific lectin. its lectin domain takes part in the lysis of sheep (but not rabbit!) red blood cells, as well as in the hemagglutinating capacity of non-toxigenic and toxigenic v. cholerae 569 b. | 2004 | 15554305 |
| [hemolytic activity of vibrio cholerae eltor and v. cholerae o139 toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains]. | a total of 20 ctx- and 16 ctx+ v. cholerae eltor strains, 20 ctx- and 22 ctx+ v. cholerae o139 strains were under study. hemolytic activity was tested in modified greig test with sheep, guinea pig and rabbit red blood cells. the comparative study of the hemolytic properties of v. cholerae o1 and o139 under different conditions of cultivation demonstrated their capacity of lysing sheep red blood cells (srbc) irrespective of the presence of toxigenic properties. a wider spectrum of lytic activity ... | 2004 | 15554327 |
| [role of lipopolysaccharide in the action of complement on gram negative bacteria]. | in this review a short description of the methods for the activation of the complement system and data on the role of different structures of lipopolysaccharide of gram negative bacteria in this process are presented. variants of complement-induced bacteriolysis are considered. special attention is given to cholera infection and the role of vibrio cholerae o139 polysaccharide in interaction with the complement. | 2004 | 15554329 |
| a method for the purification of shiga-like toxin 1 subunit b using a commercially available galabiose-agarose resin. | we describe a procedure for the affinity purification of shiga toxin 1 subunit b (sltb) using a commercial galabiose-agarose resin. recombinant sltb was purified to 99% homogeneity in a single-step protocol, from the periplasmic extracts of vibrio cholerae 0395 n1/psbc54. sds-page of the affinity purified sltb showed one band of 8 kda mw. sltb purified by this procedure retained its chemical and biological activity as demonstrated by re-binding to the galabiose-agarose resin, and receptor-mediat ... | 2004 | 15555932 |
| molecular characterization of a human group a rotavirus isolated from an adult with severe dehydrating diarrhea and its relationship to strains concurrently circulating among children. | while group a rotavirus is widely accepted as an important etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children, this agent rarely causes severe diarrhea in adults and, thus, is not considered by physicians to be an etiological agent for such diseases. | 1994 | 15566782 |
| a fatal non-01 vibrio cholerae septicemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. | | 2004 | 15573214 |
| detection of pathogenic vibrio spp. in shellfish by using multiplex pcr and dna microarrays. | this study describes the development of a gene-specific dna microarray coupled with multiplex pcr for the comprehensive detection of pathogenic vibrios that are natural inhabitants of warm coastal waters and shellfish. multiplex pcr with vvh and viub for vibrio vulnificus, with ompu, toxr, tcpi, and hlya for v. cholerae, and with tlh, tdh, trh, and open reading frame 8 for v. parahaemolyticus helped to ensure that total and pathogenic strains, including subtypes of the three vibrio spp., could b ... | 2004 | 15574946 |
| viable but nonculturable vibrio cholerae o1 in the aquatic environment of argentina. | in argentina, as in other countries of latin america, cholera has occurred in an epidemic pattern. vibrio cholerae o1 is native to the aquatic environment, and it occurs in both culturable and viable but nonculturable (vnc) forms, the latter during interepidemic periods. this is the first report of the presence of vnc v. cholerae o1 in the estuarine and marine waters of the rio de la plata and the argentine shelf of the atlantic ocean, respectively. employing immunofluorescence and pcr methods, ... | 2004 | 15574951 |
| dynamics and control of biofilms of the oligotrophic bacterium caulobacter crescentus. | caulobacter crescentus is an oligotrophic alpha-proteobacterium with a complex cell cycle involving sessile-stalked and piliated, flagellated swarmer cells. because the natural lifestyle of c. crescentus intrinsically involves a surface-associated, sessile state, we investigated the dynamics and control of c. crescentus biofilms developing on glass surfaces in a hydrodynamic system. in contrast to biofilms of the well-studied pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and vibrio cholerae, c. cres ... | 2004 | 15576774 |
| tcph influences virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae by inhibiting degradation of the transcription activator tcpp. | expression of toxt, the transcription activator of cholera toxin and pilus production in vibrio cholerae, is the consequence of a complex cascade of regulatory events that culminates in activation of the toxt promoter by tcpp and toxr, two membrane-localized transcription factors. both are encoded in operons with genes whose products, tcph and toxs, which are also membrane localized, are hypothesized to control their activity. in this study we analyzed the role of tcph in controlling tcpp functi ... | 2004 | 15576780 |
| normalization of cdna microarray data using wavelet regressions. | normalization is an essential step in microarray data mining and analysis. for cdna microarray data, the primary purpose of normalization is removing the intensity-dependent bias across different slides within an experimental group or between multiple groups. the locally weighted regression (lowess) procedure has been widely used for this purpose but can be comparatively time consuming when the dataset becomes relatively large. in this study, we applied wavelet regressions, a new smoothing metho ... | 2004 | 15578940 |
| cholera, 2002. | | 2003 | 15581214 |
| vibrio cholerae (non-o1, non-o139) sepsis in a child with fanconi anemia. | a 9-year-old female child who was a known case of fanconi anemia was admitted to hospital because of fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. blood culture at the time of admission yielded growth of gram-negative curved rod that was identified as vibrio cholerae (non-o1, non-o139), whereas repeated fecal cultures were negative for enteropathogens. to our knowledge, this is the first case of v. cholerae (non-o1, non-o139) septicemia associated with fanconi anemia. | 2004 | 15582302 |
| the vibrio seventh pandemic island-ii is a 26.9 kb genomic island present in vibrio cholerae el tor and o139 serogroup isolates that shows homology to a 43.4 kb genomic island in v. vulnificus. | vibrio cholerae is the aetiological agent of the deadly diarrhoeal disease cholera. in this study the 7.5 kb vibrio seventh pandemic island-ii (vsp-ii) that is unique to v. cholerae el tor and o139 serogroups was analysed and it was found to be part of a novel 26.9 kb genomic island (gei) encompassing vc0490-vc0516. the low-gc-content vsp-ii encompassed 24 predicted orfs, including dna repair and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, a group of hypothetical proteins and a bacteriophage-like inte ... | 2004 | 15583158 |
| diverse ctx phages among toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 strains isolated between 1994 and 2002 in an area where cholera is endemic in bangladesh. | pcr surveillance of the rstr genes of ctx phages in vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 showed no relationship between the incidence of disease and changes in the rstr but showed variations in their presence in o1 and o139 strains and the occurrence of multiple types in a few strains. | 2004 | 15583324 |
| genetics of stress adaptation and virulence in toxigenic vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the gamma-subdivision of the family proteobacteriaceae is the etiologic agent of cholera, a devastating diarrheal disease which occurs frequently as epidemics. any bacterial species encountering a broad spectrum of environments during the course of its life cycle is likely to develop complex regulatory systems and stress adaptation mechanisms to best survive in each environment encountered. toxigenic v. cholerae, which has evolved from envi ... | 2004 | 15585131 |
| re-emergence of el tor vibrio in outbreak of cholera in & around nagpur. | contrary to earlier outbreaks of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139 during 1993 and its reemergence in 1998 in and around nagpur and only sporadic episodes thereafter for next couple of years, a large outbreak was encountered between june and october 2003. v. cholerae 01 el tor were isolated in 198 cases, of which 152 were ogawa, 3 inaba, 4 hikojima and 39 were non agglutinating (nag) vibrios. no isolate of v. cholerae o139 was detected during the entire outbreak. the isolates were multi drug r ... | 2004 | 15591633 |
| vaccine-induced protection against gastrointestinal bacterial infections in the absence of secretory antibodies. | secretory iga (siga) is widely held to be responsible for the defense of the mucosae against pathogenics and other potentially harmful agents. in this study, polymeric ig receptor (pigr) knockout mice, which lack secretory antibodies (sab), were used to investigate the role of vaccine-elicited sab in protection against gastrointestinal bacterial infections. an essential role for specific sab in protection against vibrio cholerae was evident from experiments showing that vaccinated pigr(-/-) mice ... | 2005 | 15593123 |
| [evolution of the cholera agent genome]. | "mikrob" russian research anti-plague institute, saratov studies of the genomic evolution of pathogenic bacteria became a priority research trend of modern molecular genetics. vibrio cholerae, whose pathogenic properties are conditioned by the presence of virulence blocks of differing phylogenetic origins in 2 chromosomes, turned out to be a unique model object for studies of evolutionary transformations of genomes that are causative agents of extra dangerous infections. the molecular-and-geneti ... | 2004 | 15597566 |
| [retrospective vntr-analysis of genotypes of vibrio cholerae 01 strains isolated, during the 7th cholera pandemic, in rostov region]. | antiplague research institute, rostov-on-don, russia retrospective multi-locus vntr-analysis was made for 166 vibrio cholerae strains isolated, 1967-2001, in rostov region from clinical samples (82 strains) and from water samples (84 strains). on the basis of cluster analysis of heterogeneous identification strain genotypes, 45 variations of individual strains were shared between 11 separate clusters, among which the f cluster vibrios were predominant. having emerged, 1970, in the region, they w ... | 2004 | 15597569 |
| molecular analysis of the vibrio cholerae type ii secretion atpase epse. | the type ii secretion system is a macromolecular assembly that facilitates the extracellular translocation of folded proteins in gram-negative bacteria. epse, a member of this secretion system in vibrio cholerae, contains a nucleotide-binding motif composed of walker a and b boxes that are thought to participate in binding and hydrolysis of atp and displays structural homology to other transport atpases. here we demonstrate that purified epse is an mg2+-dependent atpase and define optimal condit ... | 2005 | 15601709 |
| on-line multi-analyzer monitoring of biomass, glucose and acetate for growth rate control of a vibrio cholerae fed-batch cultivation. | in situ near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy and in-line electronic nose (en) mapping were used to monitor and control a cholera-toxin producing vibrio cholerae fed-batch cultivation carried out with a laboratory method as well as with a production method. prediction models for biomass, glucose and acetate using nir spectroscopy were developed based on spectral identification and partial-least squares (pls) regression resulting in high correlation to reference data (standard errors of prediction for ... | 2005 | 15607226 |
| the membrane-associated lipoprotein-9 gmpc from staphylococcus aureus binds the dipeptide glymet via side chain interactions. | bacterial dipeptide abc transporters function to import a wide range of dipeptide substrates. this ability to transport a wide variety of dipeptides is conferred by the cognate substrate binding protein (sbp) of these transporters. sbps bind dipeptides with little regard for their amino acid content. here, we report the 1.7 a resolution structure of lipoprotein-9 (sa0422) of staphylococcus aureus in complex with the dipeptide glycylmethionine. experimental characterization of the subcellular loc ... | 2004 | 15610013 |
| distinct segregation dynamics of the two vibrio cholerae chromosomes. | the study of prokaryotic chromosome segregation has focused primarily on bacteria with single circular chromosomes. little is known about segregation in bacteria with multipartite genomes. the human diarrhoeal pathogen vibrio cholerae has two circular chromosomes of unequal sizes. using static and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, we visualized the localization and segregation of the origins of replication of the v. cholerae chromosomes. in all stages of the cell cycle, the two origins localiz ... | 2005 | 15612922 |
| [performance of cholera-smart and pathogen-detection-kit in the quick diagnosis of cholera]. | to compare the performance of two rapid systems for the diagnosis of cholera with the culture method, and to propose a strategy for improving the specificity and sensitivity of these systems and reducing the costs involved in making a diagnosis. | 2004 | 15615597 |
| a variant type of vibrio cholerae sxt element in a multidrug-resistant strain of vibrio fluvialis. | vibrio fluvialis strain h-08942 was isolated from an infant aged 6 months who was suffering from cholera-like diarrhea in india. this strain showed the typical multidrug-resistance phenotype of an sxt element. it was resistant to sulfamethoxazole (su), trimethoprim (tm), chloramphenicol (cm) and streptomycin (sm), in addition to other antibiotics such as ampicillin (am), furazolidone (fz), nalidixic acid (na), and gentamicin (gm). the sxt element is a vibrio cholerae-derived integrative and conj ... | 2005 | 15621444 |
| bacteremic necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio cholerae serogroup o56 in a patient with liver cirrhosis. | bacteremic necrotizing fasciitis caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae has rarely been reported. we describe a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the bilateral lower extremities in a 68-year-old man with liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. cultures of blood and the debrided tissue all yielded v. cholerae serogroup non-o1 (o56). despite extensive radical debridement and antibiotic treatment with ceftazidime and doxycycline, the patient died on the 12th hospital day due to multiple organ failure. the ... | 2004 | 15624044 |
| molecular evolution of vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (vpi-2): mosaic structure among vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus natural isolates. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative rod that inhabits the aquatic environment and is the aetiological agent of cholera, a disease that is endemic in much of southern asia. the 57.3 kb vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (vpi-2) is confined predominantly to toxigenic v. cholerae o1 and o139 serogroup isolates and encodes 52 orfs (vc1758 to vc1809), which include homologues of an integrase (vc1758), a restriction modification system, a sialic acid metabolism gene cluster (vc1773-vc1783), a neuraminidase ... | 2005 | 15632448 |
| [adhesive and other properties of vibrio cholerae tcp+ ctx- isolated from environmental objects in the rostov region in 2002]. | the adhesive, hemolytic and triacylglycerol lipase activity of 4 v. cholerae ctp+ ctx- cultures, sensitive to bacteriophage ctx+, isolated from the don and sewage water were tested. all these cultures were found to induce hemolysis of sheep red blood cells in the greig test in 2 hours, possessed triacylglycerol lipase activity, but had no adhesive properties. by these parameters--atoxigenicity and the absence of adhesive properties--the isolated v. cholerae strains were characterized as avirulen ... | 2004 | 15636129 |
| biofilm formation and dispersal and the transmission of human pathogens. | several pathogenic bacterial species that are found in the environment can form complex multicellular structures on surfaces known as biofilms. pseudomonas aeruginosa, vibrio cholerae and certain species of nontuberculous mycobacteria are examples of human pathogens that form biofilms in natural aquatic environments. we suggest that the dynamics of biofilm formation facilitates the transmission of pathogens by providing a stable protective environment and acting as a nidus for the dissemination ... | 2005 | 15639625 |
| a cholera epidemic among the nicobarese tribe of nancowry, andaman, and nicobar, india. | cholera has not been reported from the andaman and nicobar islands in india. in october 2002, an outbreak of diarrhea occurred among the nicobarese tribe of the nancowry group of islands. the outbreak affected 16 of the 45 inhabited villages of three islands with an attack rate of 12.8% and a case fatality ratio of 1.3%. vibrio cholerae o1 el tor was isolated from 18 of the 67 patients tested. a study conducted in one of the villages indicated that the outbreak was started there by a person who ... | 2004 | 15642977 |
| crystal structure of the virulence gene activator apha from vibrio cholerae reveals it is a novel member of the winged helix transcription factor superfamily. | apha is a member of a new and largely uncharacterized family of transcriptional activators that is required for initiating virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the frequently fatal epidemic diarrheal disease cholera. apha activates transcription by an unusual mechanism that appears to involve a direct interaction with the lysr-type regulator aphb at the tcpph promoter. as a first step toward understanding the molecular basis for tcpph activation by apha and aphb, ... | 2005 | 15647287 |
| oxaloacetate decarboxylase of vibrio cholerae: purification, characterization, and expression of the genes in escherichia coli. | the oxaloacetate decarboxylase (oad) na(+) pump consists of subunits alpha, beta, and gamma, which are expressed from an oadgab gene cluster present in various anaerobic bacteria. vibrio cholerae has two copies of oad genes, which are termed oad-1 and oad-2. the oad-2 genes are part of the citrate fermentation operon, while the oad-1 genes are flanked by genes encoding products not involved in a catabolic pathway. the gene sequences of oad-1 and oad-2 of v. cholerae strain o395-n1 were determine ... | 2005 | 15647905 |
| seasonal epidemics of cholera inversely correlate with the prevalence of environmental cholera phages. | the relationship among (i) the local incidence of cholera, (ii) the prevalence in the aquatic environment of vibrio cholerae, and (iii) bacterial viruses that attack potentially virulent o1 and o139 serogroup strains of this organism (cholera phages) was studied in dhaka, bangladesh. over nearly a 3-year period, we found that significantly more environmental water samples contained either a phage or a phage-susceptible v. cholerae strain than both (p < 0.00001). the number of cholera patients va ... | 2005 | 15653771 |
| identification of the gene for the monomeric alkaline phosphatase of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 strain. | alkaline phosphatase (apase) of vibrio cholerae is the first monomeric alkaline phosphatase reported [roy, n.k., ghosh, r.k., das, j., 1982a. monomeric alkaline phosphatase of v. cholerae. j. bacteriol. 150, 1033-1039.]. the gene (phoa(vc)) encoding this enzyme is not identified in the published genome sequence of the v. cholerae serogroup o1 el tor strain n16961 [heidelberg et al., 2000, dna sequence of both the chromosome of cholera pathogen v. cholerae. nature 406, 477-484.]. however two gene ... | 2004 | 15656991 |
| lexa cleavage is required for ctx prophage induction. | the physiologic conditions and molecular interactions that control phage production have been studied in few temperate phages. we investigated the mechanisms that regulate production of ctxphi, a temperate filamentous phage that infects vibrio cholerae and encodes cholera toxin. in ctxphi lysogens, the activity of p(rsta), the only ctxphi promoter required for ctx prophage development, is repressed by rstr, the ctxvphi repressor. we found that the v. cholerae sos response regulates ctxvphi produ ... | 2005 | 15664197 |
| in vitro anti-vibrio cholerae activity of essential oil from lepechinia caulescens. | lepechinia caulescens is a plant employed by the purepecha (a mexican ethnic group) to treat infectious gastrointestinal ailments. the essential oil of this species was active against some strains of vibrio cholerae with 4 microl/ml mic and 6 microl/ml mbc. the major components of the oil found by gc-ms were borneol, camphor and trans-caryophyllene. | 2005 | 15664471 |
| second-generation recombination-based in vivo expression technology for large-scale screening for vibrio cholerae genes induced during infection of the mouse small intestine. | we have constructed an improved recombination-based in vivo expression technology (rivet) and used it as a screening method to identify vibrio cholerae genes that are transcriptionally induced during infection of infant mice. the improvements include the introduction of modified substrate cassettes for resolvase that can be positively and negatively selected for, allowing selection of resolved strains from intestinal homogenates, and three different tnpr alleles that cover a range of translation ... | 2005 | 15664940 |
| infectious disease and environment: cholera as a paradigm for waterborne disease. | | 2004 | 15666250 |
| age-associated changes in glycosylation of cd43 and cd45 on mouse cd4 t cells. | we have recently shown that treatment of t cells from aged mice with an endopeptidase specific for o-linked glycoproteins can restore synapse formation and early activation markers to cd4 cells from aged mice. new data show that the sialidase from clostridium perfringens, but not from vibrio cholerae, can increase activation of cd4 cells from both old and young mice as measured by calcium signals, expression of cd25 and cd69, and secretion of il-2. lectin binding assays showed alterations with a ... | 2005 | 15668924 |
| identification of a domain in the alpha-subunit of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase na+ pump that accomplishes complex formation with the gamma-subunit. | the oxaloacetate decarboxylase na+ pumps oad-1 and oad-2 of vibrio cholerae are composed of a peripheral alpha-subunit associated with two integral membrane-bound subunits (beta and gamma). the alpha-subunit contains the carboxyltransferase domain in its n-terminal portion and the biotin-binding domain in its c-terminal portion. the gamma-subunit plays a profound role in the assembly of the complex. it interacts with the beta-subunit through its n-terminal membrane-spanning region and with the a ... | 2005 | 15670164 |
| the nogo-66 receptor homolog ngr2 is a sialic acid-dependent receptor selective for myelin-associated glycoprotein. | the nogo-66 receptor (ngr1) is a promiscuous receptor for the myelin inhibitory proteins nogo/nogo-66, myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag), and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (omgp). ngr1, an axonal glycoprotein, is the founding member of a protein family composed of the structurally related molecules ngr1, ngr2, and ngr3. here we show that ngr2 is a novel receptor for mag and acts selectively to mediate mag inhibitory responses. mag binds ngr2 directly and with greater affinity than ngr1. ... | 2005 | 15673660 |
| influence of temperature, salinity and ph on the growth of environmental aeromonas and vibrio species isolated from mai po and the inner deep bay nature reserve ramsar site of hong kong. | four environmental bacterial isolates including aeromonas hydrophila mp-3, a. salmonicida mp-4, vibrio vulnificus mp-2 and v. cholerae mp-1 isolated from sediment and water of mai po nature reserve of hong kong were examined for their responses to temperature, ph and salinity under laboratory conditions in this study. v. cholerae mp-1 was found to resist vibriostatic agent o/129 at concentration of 10 microg/ml. in addition, bacterial growth under test conditions was measured and the results wer ... | 2005 | 15678554 |
| the crystal structure of the outer membrane protein vcec from the bacterial pathogen vibrio cholerae at 1.8 a resolution. | multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria arises in part from the activities of tripartite drug efflux pumps. in the pathogen vibrio cholerae, one such pump comprises the inner membrane proton antiporter vceb, the periplasmic adaptor vcea, and the outer membrane channel vcec. here, we report the crystal structure of vcec at 1.8 a resolution. the trimeric vcec is organized in the crystal lattice within laminar arrays that resemble membranes. a well resolved detergent molecule within this arr ... | 2005 | 15684414 |
| a collagenase-targeted multiplex pcr assay for identification of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | a multiplex pcr assay using three collagenase-targeted primer pairs for the species-specific detection of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahaemolyticus was developed. the results highlight the species specificity of the three primer sets designed. because of the increasing importance of vibrio spp. in human foodborne diseases, molecular approaches for routine microbial screening and monitoring of clinical, environmental, and food samples also have become more important. the ... | 2005 | 15690817 |
| cholera in kerala. | | 2005 | 15695877 |
| cholera pattern in children of delhi. | | 2005 | 15695878 |
| bile acids induce cholera toxin expression in vibrio cholerae in a toxt-independent manner. | the production of cholera toxin (ct) during vibrio cholerae infection results in the hallmark diarrhea that characterizes the disease cholera. the transmembrane protein toxr was originally identified as a functional transcriptional activator of ctxab in a heterologous escherichia coli system. however, direct toxr activation of the ctxab promoter in v. cholerae has not been previously demonstrated. instead, a regulatory cascade has been defined in which the activators toxrs and tcpph modulate ctx ... | 2005 | 15699331 |
| complete genome sequence of vibrio fischeri: a symbiotic bacterium with pathogenic congeners. | vibrio fischeri belongs to the vibrionaceae, a large family of marine gamma-proteobacteria that includes several dozen species known to engage in a diversity of beneficial or pathogenic interactions with animal tissue. among the small number of pathogenic vibrio species that cause human diseases are vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus, the only members of the vibrionaceae that have had their genome sequences reported. nonpathogenic members of the genus vibrio, includi ... | 2005 | 15703294 |
| serum amyloid a protein binds to outer membrane protein a of gram-negative bacteria. | serum amyloid a (saa) is the major acute phase protein in man and most mammals. we observed saa binding to a surprisingly large number of gram-negative bacteria, including escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, klebsiella pneumoniae, vibrio cholerae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the binding was found to be high affinity and rapid. importantly, this binding was not inhibited by high density lipoprotein with which saa is normally complexed in serum. binding was also observed w ... | 2005 | 15705572 |
| th1-type immune response to a coccidioides immitis antigen delivered by an attenuated strain of the non-invasive enteropathogen vibrio cholerae. | the antigen-2 or proline rich antigen (ag2/pra) from coccidioides immitis, known to protect mice against experimental coccidioidomycosis, was expressed in the genetically attenuated cholera vaccine candidate vibrio cholerae 638 and its thymine auxotrophic derivative 638t. intranasal immunization of mice with strains producing ag2/pra induced serum vibriocidal antibody and ag2/pra-specific total igg responses in outbred swiss webster and inbred balb/c mice. analysis of igg subclasses showed a pre ... | 2005 | 15708313 |
| 1990s vibrio cholerae epidemic, brazil. | | 2005 | 15714663 |