| isolation and characterization of listeria monocytogenes from commercial asazuke (japanese light pickles). | asazuke is a ready-to-eat japanese light pickle, mainly made of vegetables which are known to be one of the sources of listeria monocytogenes contamination. although asazuke is a popular side-dish in japan, the hazard of bacterial contamination has not been evaluated yet. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of l. monocytogenes, salmonella spp., verotoxigenic e. coli (vtec) and coliforms in 108 asazuke samples that randomly collected from supermarkets in obihiro (hokkaido prefecture, ja ... | 2010 | 20388574 |
| enterocins in food preservation. | the enterococcus genus, a member of the lactic acid bacteria (lab) is found in various environments, but more particularly in the intestines of humans and other animals. although sometimes associated with pathogenicity these bacteria have many benefits. they have been found in traditional artisanal fermented products, are used as probiotic cultures and nowadays extensively studied for the production of bacteriocins--the enterocins. many of these enterocins have been found to be active against li ... | 2010 | 20399522 |
| intracellular accumulation of high levels of gamma-aminobutyrate by listeria monocytogenes 10403s in response to low ph: uncoupling of gamma-aminobutyrate synthesis from efflux in a chemically defined medium. | it is well established that the glutamate decarboxylase (gad) system is central to the survival of listeria monocytogenes at low ph, both in acidic foods and within the mammalian stomach. the accepted model proposes that under acidic conditions extracellular glutamate is transported into the cell in exchange for an intracellular gamma-aminobutyrate (gaba(i)). the glutamate is then decarboxylated to gaba(i), a reaction that consumes a proton, thereby helping to prevent acidification of the cytopl ... | 2010 | 20400565 |
| dendritic cells inhibit the progression of listeria monocytogenes intracellular infection by retaining bacteria in major histocompatibility complex class ii-rich phagosomes and by limiting cytosolic growth. | dendritic cells (dc) provide a suboptimal niche for the growth of listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen of immunocompromised and pregnant hosts. this is due in part to a failure of large numbers of bacteria to escape to the cytosol, an essential step in the intracellular life cycle that is mediated by listeriolysin o (llo). here, we demonstrate that wild-type bacteria that failed to enter the cytosol of bone marrow-derived dc were retained in a lamp2+ compartment ... | 2010 | 20404078 |
| listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent, previously healthy 20-month old female child. | invasive listeriosis predominantly affects pregnant women, neonates, elderly and people with a compromised immune function. for more than 80 years since the discovery of listeria in 1924, only a few reports of invasive listeriosis in humans have emerged from india, with all of them in patients having an underlying predisposition. we, however, report listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent, previously healthy, 20-month-old female child with no underlying predisposition. t ... | 2010 | 20404469 |
| the development of escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes variants resistant to high-pressure carbon dioxide inactivation. | the objective of this study was to investigate whether bacterial cells could develop resistance (as a part of their adaptation strategy) to high-pressure co(2) (hpcd) inactivation. | 2010 | 20406379 |
| antibiotic resistance in listeria species isolated from catfish fillets and processing environment. | to investigate the susceptibility of 221 listeria spp. (86 listeria monocytogenes, 41 listeria innocua and 94 listeria seeligeri-listeria welshimeri-listeria ivanovii) isolated from catfish fillets and processing environment to 15 antibiotics. | 2010 | 20406380 |
| a five-gene stress survival islet (ssi-1) that contributes to the growth of listeria monocytogenes in suboptimal conditions. | the aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a five-gene islet (lmo0444 - lmo0448) to the growth of listeria monocytogenes under suboptimal conditions. | 2010 | 20408910 |
| the evaluation of the microbial safety of fresh ready-to-eat vegetables produced by different technologies in italy. | the study was performed to evaluate the safety of whole and rte vegetables and to investigate the effectiveness of different preventive strategies for the quality assurance of rte vegetables collected from three italian production systems. producer 1, applied a strict system in compliance with gap- gmp - haccp, producer 2 used chlorine disinfection at a second washing step, and producer 3 using a physical microbial stabilization. | 2010 | 20408920 |
| encephalomyelitis resembling human and ruminant rhombencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes in a feline leukemia virus-infected cat. | | 2010 | 20412434 |
| growth temperature-dependent expression of structural variants of listeria monocytogenes lipoteichoic acid. | investigating the expression of lipoteichoic acid (lta) from listeria monocytogenes, we found two distinct structural variants of lta (lta1 and lta2) using nmr and ms technology. while both lta consisted of a poly-glycerophosphate backbone (differing in length) bound via a disaccharide to a diacyl-glycerol moiety, one lta type (lta2) possessed a second diacyl-glycerol moiety linked to the disaccharide via a phosphodiester. as examined in vitro, lta2 in contrast to lta1 failed to activate the l-f ... | 2011 | 20413180 |
| infectious disease: listeria does it again. | | 2010 | 20414301 |
| listeria monocytogenes impairs sumoylation for efficient infection. | during infection, pathogenic bacteria manipulate the host cell in various ways to allow their own replication, propagation and escape from host immune responses. post-translational modifications are unique mechanisms that allow cells to rapidly, locally and specifically modify activity or interactions of key proteins. some of these modifications, including phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, can be induced by pathogens. however, the effects of pathogenic bacteria on sumoylation, an essential pos ... | 2010 | 20414307 |
| control of biofilm formation by poly-ethylene-co-vinyl acetate films incorporating nisin. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of poly-ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (eva) films incorporating different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5% and 1%) of nisin on the biofilm-forming ability of listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644, staphylococcus aureus 815 and staphylococcus epidermidis atcc 35984. nisin was incorporated into two grades of eva (eva14 and eva28) in the melt during a common film-blowing operation. the efficacy of eva/nisin films was evaluated by biofilm biomass measurements and li ... | 2010 | 20414650 |
| innate ifn-gamma production by subsets of natural killer cells, natural killer t cells and gammadelta t cells in response to dying bacterial-infected macrophages. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) activation of macrophages is a crucial step in the early innate defence against bacterial infection. this innate ifn-gamma is thought to be produced mainly by natural killer (nk) cells through activation with interleukin (il)-12p70 secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells (dcs) that have sensed bacterial products. however, a number of reports have shown that bacterial stimuli are unable to induce macrophages and/or dcs to produce sufficient amounts of il-12p70 unl ... | 2010 | 20415785 |
| antimicrobial activities of spice extracts against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in modified atmosphere packaged fresh pork and vacuum packaged ham slices stored at 4 degrees c. | the antimicrobial activity of 14 spice extracts against four common meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens and lactobacillus sake) was screened in cultured media (experiment 1). the results showed that individual extracts of clove, rosemary, cassia bark and liquorice contained strong antimicrobial activity, but the mixture of rosemary and liquorice extracts was the best inhibitor against all four types of microbes. subsequently, m ... | 2008 | 20416570 |
| sanitizing effect of salts on experimentally inoculated organisms on pork carcasses. | pork forequarters procured from freshly slaughtered animals were decontaminated with hot water and inoculated with staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica, listeria monocytogenes, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteusvulgaris. the forequarters were individually spray washed with 5% potassium sorbate and a combination of 5% sodium chloride and 2.5% each of sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate and potassium sorbate soluti ... | 2009 | 20416620 |
| inactivation kinetics of listeria monocytogenes, salmonellaenterica serovar typhimurium, and campylobacter jejuni in ready-to-eat sliced ham using uv-c irradiation. | to investigate the applicability of uv-c irradiation on the inactivation of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in ready-to-eat sliced ham, uv-c treatment was evaluated. irradiation dose required for 90% reduction of the populations of listeria monocytogenes, salmonellaenterica serovar typhimurium, and campylobacter jejuni were determined to be 2.48, 2.39, and 2.18j/m(2). ready-to-eat sliced hams were inoculated with the pathogens and irradiated with uv-c light of 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000j/m(2 ... | 2009 | 20416652 |
| high prevalence, low counts and uncommon serotypes of listeria monocytogenes in linguiça, a brazilian fresh pork sausage. | linguiça is a highly popular and appreciated pork product in brazil, frequently consumed undercooked. aiming at collection of data for a future risk assessment, this study evaluated the prevalence and counts of listeria monocytogenes in linguiça samples collected at retail level in sao paulo, sp, brazil. iso methods were used for detection and enumeration of the pathogen (11290-1 and 11290-2, respectively). isolates were submitted to simplex-pcr for hlya gene and those with biochemical features ... | 2009 | 20416665 |
| evaluation of the effect of defrosting practices of ground beef on the heat tolerance of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enteritidis. | the effect of common defrosting practices of ground beef, including (i) defrosting in the refrigerator (5 degrees c for 15h), (ii) defrosting at room temperature (25 degrees c for 12h) and (iii) defrosting in the microwave, on the heat tolerance of artificially inoculated listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enteritidis, was studied. the thermal inactivation of s. enteritidis was not, overall, affected by defrosting practices. in contrast, defrosting at room temperature resulted, overall, in an ... | 2009 | 20416679 |
| effects of supercritical carbon dioxide treatment against generic escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, and e. coli o157:h7 in marinades and marinated pork. | this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co(2)) treatment on soy sauce and hot-pepper paste marinades, as well as in marinated pork products, for the inhibition of generic escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, and e. coli o157:h7. sc-co(2) was more effective at destroying foodborne pathogens when it was applied to the marinades than the marinated products. sc-co(2) treatment at 14mpa and 45 degrees c for 40min resulted in a ... | 2009 | 20416694 |
| high bacterial contamination of pig tonsils at slaughter. | food-borne zoonoses have a major health impact in industrial countries. campylobacter spp., salmonella enterica, yersinia enterocolitica and listeria monocytogenes are high-risk food-borne zoonotic hazards in finishing pigs. the objectives of this work were (1) to study the isolation rate of pathogenic y. enterocolitica, salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and l. monocytogenes in the tonsils and feces and (2) to determine the number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (mab) and escherichia coli in th ... | 2009 | 20416719 |
| influence of farming methods on microbiological contamination and prevalence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs in isolates from beef. | the presence of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp. was determined in 75 samples of conventional beef and in 75 samples of organic beef. all samples came from cattle slaughtered and processed in the same slaughterhouse and quartering room. a total of 180 e. coli, 180 s. aureus and 98 l. monocytogenes strains were analyzed by an agar disk diffusion assay for their resistance to 11 antimicrobials, for the case of e. coli and s. aureus, or 9 antimicro ... | 2009 | 20416735 |
| spray application of liquid smoke to reduce or eliminate listeria monocytogenes surface inoculated on frankfurters. | in a simulated post process contamination scenario liquid smoke was sprayed on the frankfurters after peeling, and then inoculated with listeria monocytogenes (lm). samples that did not receive a liquid smoke spray remained at approximately 2 log cfu/cm(2) during the 48h of storage while the levels on the liquid smoke treated frankfurters continued to decline until they were below detection level (1 cfu/100 cm(2)). a shelf-life study lasting 140 days indicated that liquid smoke suppressed the gr ... | 2010 | 20416807 |
| application of chitosan-incorporated ldpe film to sliced fresh red meats for shelf life extension. | chitosan lactate was impregnated as an antimicrobial additive into low density polyethylene (ldpe) with different concentrations. the antimicrobial effectiveness was tested with three pathogenic bacteria, specifically listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis. also, these chitosan incorporated films were applied on red meat surfaces to determine the effectiveness of chitosan on color shelf life extension and microbial growth inhibition. chitosan was exposed to 0.1% pept ... | 2010 | 20416821 |
| listeria monocytogenes triggers aim2-mediated pyroptosis upon infrequent bacteriolysis in the macrophage cytosol. | a host defense strategy against pathogens is the induction of cell death, thereby eliminating the pathogen's intracellular niche. pyroptosis, one such form of cell death, is dependent on inflammasome activation. in a genetic screen to identify listeria monocytogenes mutants that induced altered levels of host cell death, we identified a mutation in lmo2473 that caused hyperstimulation of il-1beta secretion and pyroptosis following bacteriolysis in the macrophage cytosol. in addition, strains eng ... | 2010 | 20417169 |
| the influence of non-lethal temperature on the rate of inactivation of vegetative bacteria in inimical environments may be independent of bacterial species. | the influence of non-lethal temperature on the survival of two species of food-borne bacteria under growth-preventing ph and water activity conditions was investigated. specifically, inactivation rates of four strains of escherichia coli and three strains of listeria monocytogenes were determined in culture broth adjusted to ph 3.5 and water activity 0.90, to prevent growth of both species, and for temperatures in the range 5-45 degrees c at 5 degrees c intervals. sixty-three inactivation rates ... | 2010 | 20417393 |
| prediction of time to growth of listeria monocytogenes using monte carlo simulation or regression analysis, influenced by sublethal heat and recovery conditions. | stochastic models, including the variability in extent and probability of microbial growth, are useful for estimating the risk of foodborne illness (i.e. nauta, 2000). risk assessment typically has to embrace all sources of variability. in this paper, a stochastic approach to evaluate growth of heat damaged listeria monocytogenes cells influenced by different stresses (ph and presence of eugenol) was performed, using an individual-based approach of growth through od measurements. both the lag ph ... | 2010 | 20417395 |
| membrane permeabilization and cellular death of escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and saccharomyces cerevisiae as induced by high pressure carbon dioxide treatment. | in this study, the relationship between (irreversible) membrane permeabilization and loss of viability in escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and saccharomyces cerevisiae cells subjected to high pressure carbon dioxide (hpcd) treatment at different process conditions including temperature (35-45 degrees c), pressure (10.5-21.0 mpa) and treatment time (0-60 min) was examined. loss of membrane integrity was measured as increased uptake of the fluorescent dye propidium iodide (pi) with spectro ... | 2010 | 20417405 |
| inactivation kinetics of pulsed electric field-resistant strains of listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus in media of different ph. | a study of the effect of pulsed electric fields (pef) on the inactivation of listeria monocytogenes stcc 5672 and staphylococcus aureus stcc 4459 in mcilvaine buffer covering a range from ph 3.5 to 7.0 was conducted. mathematical models based on the weibull distribution were developed to describe the influence of the electric field strength, treatment time and ph of the treatment medium on the lethality of both gram positive pathogenic bacteria after pef treatments. both microorganisms were more ... | 2010 | 20417406 |
| certain dietary carbohydrates promote listeria infection in a guinea pig model, while others prevent it. | it has been proposed that dietary non-digestible carbohydrates can improve host resistance to intestinal infections by stimulating health-promoting bacteria in the gut. however, evidence from in vivo infection studies is scarce, particularly for gram-positive infections. we studied the effect of five non-digestible carbohydrates on the resistance of guinea pigs to listeria monocytogenes infections. animals were fed a diet supplemented with 10% xylooligosaccharides (xos), galactooligosaccharides ... | 2010 | 20417983 |
| a quantitative real-time pcr assay for quantification of viable listeria monocytogenes cells after bacteriocin injury in food-first insights. | quantitative real-time pcr may be a rapid and automated procedure for detection of bacterial pathogens from food samples. nevertheless, when testing the effects of antimicrobials on the viability of bacterial pathogens in foods, we found that dna from dead cells interfered greatly in the detection of viable listeria monocytogenes after treatment with the broad-spectrum bacteriocin enterocin as-48. to overcome this problem, a quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) assay based on bacterial mrna was ... | 2010 | 20419373 |
| characterization and expression analysis of ef hand domain-containing calcium-regulatory gene from disk abalone: calcium homeostasis and its role in immunity. | the complete amino acid sequence of a calcium-regulatory gene (denoted as ab-careg i) was identified from the disk abalone haliotis discus discus cdna library. the ab-careg i is composed of 176 amino acids and the calculated molecular mass and isoelectric point were 20 and 4.2, respectively. the sequence homology of ab-careg i was 28-30 and 18-27% of known calmodulin and troponin c, respectively. four characteristic calcium-binding ef hand motifs with some modifications at conserved positions of ... | 2010 | 20420919 |
| mast cells elicit proinflammatory but not type i interferon responses upon activation of tlrs by bacteria. | balanced induction of proinflammatory and type i ifn responses upon activation of toll-like receptors (tlrs) determines the outcome of microbial infections and the pathogenesis of autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases. mast cells, key components of the innate immune system, are known for their debilitating role in allergy and autoimmunity. however, their role in antimicrobial host defenses is being acknowledged increasingly. how mast cells interact with microbes and the nature of responses ... | 2010 | 20421474 |
| biosurfactants as agents to reduce adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to polystyrene surfaces: effect of temperature and hydrophobicity. | polystyrene surfaces were conditioned with surfactin and rhamnolipid biosurfactants and then assessed regarding the attachment of staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and micrococcus luteus. the effect of different temperatures (35, 25, and 4°c) on the anti-adhesive activity was also studied. microbial adhesion to solvents and contact angle measurements were performed to characterize bacteria and material surfaces. the results showed that surfactin was able to inhibit bacterial adhesio ... | 2010 | 20422191 |
| update: multinational listeriosis outbreak due to 'quargel', a sour milk curd cheese, caused by two different l. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strains, 2009-2010. | we previously reported an outbreak of listeriosis in austria and germany due to consumption of quargel cheese. it comprised 14 cases (including five fatalities) infected by a serotype 1/2a listeria monocytogenes (clone 1), with onset of illness from june 2009 to january 2010. a second strain of l. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a (clone 2) spread by this product could be linked to further 13 cases in austria (two fatal), six in germany (one fatal) and one case in the czech republic, with onset of dis ... | 2010 | 20430003 |
| changing etiology of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults: a nationwide multicenter study in korea. | epidemiologic data on the etiologic organisms is important for appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment of bacterial meningitis. we identified the etiologies of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in korean adults and the associated epidemiological factors. a retrospective, multicenter nationwide study was carried out. patients 18 years of age or older with community-acquired bacterial meningitis with a confirmed pathogen were enrolled. demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were ... | 2010 | 20432052 |
| the role of bioactive substances in controlling foodborne pathogens derived from metasequoia glyptostroboides miki ex hu. | in an attempt to isolate bioactive substances, ethyl acetate cone extract of metasequoia glyptostroboides was subjected to a column chromatographic analysis that resulted in isolation of an abietane type diterpenoid, taxoquinone. its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic means. in further, taxoquinone showed potential antibacterial effect as diameters of zones of inhibition against foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes atcc 19166, salmonella typhimurium kctc 2515, salm ... | 2010 | 20435080 |
| allograft inflammatory factor-1 in disk abalone (haliotis discus discus): molecular cloning, transcriptional regulation against immune challenge and tissue injury. | here, we report the identification and characterization of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) from disk abalone haliotis discus discus that was denoted as abaif-1. the full-length cdna of abaif-1 consists of a coding region (453 bp) for 151 amino acids with a 17 kda molecular mass. analysis of abaif-1 sequence showed that it shares characteristic two ef hand ca(+2)-binding motifs. results from phylogenetic analysis further confirm that abaif-1 is a member of the aif-1 family similar to inve ... | 2010 | 20435145 |
| monocyte trafficking to hepatic sites of bacterial infection is chemokine independent and directed by focal intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. | recruitment of ccr2(+)ly6c(high) monocytes to sites of infection is essential for efficient clearance of microbial pathogens. although ccr2-mediated signals promote monocyte emigration from bone marrow, the contribution of ccr2 to later stages of monocyte recruitment remains unresolved. in this article, we show that ccr2 deficiency markedly worsens hepatic listeria monocytogenes infection because ly6c(high) monocytes are retained in the bone marrow. intravenously transferred, ccr2-deficient ly6c ... | 2010 | 20435926 |
| maltose and maltodextrin utilization by listeria monocytogenes depend on an inducible abc transporter which is repressed by glucose. | in the environment as well as in the vertebrate intestine, listeriae have access to complex carbohydrates like maltodextrins. bacterial exploitation of such compounds requires specific uptake and utilization systems. | 2010 | 20436965 |
| cellular hydrophobicity of listeria monocytogenes involves initial attachment and biofilm formation on the surface of polyvinyl chloride. | to clarify the cellular properties of listeria monocytogenes involved in adhesion to and biofilm formation on polyvinyl chloride, a widely used material in the food manufacturing process. | 2010 | 20438621 |
| antibody targeting the ferritin-like protein controls listeria infection. | the acquisition of iron during the infection process is essential for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms (s. c. andrews, adv. microb. physiol. 40:281-351, 1998; h. m. baker, b. f. anderson, and e. n. baker, proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 100:3579-3583, 2003). since the solubility of iron is low and it is toxic at low concentrations, following uptake, iron is stored in subcellular microenvironments in the iron storage protein ferritin (c. cheers and m. ho, j. reticuloendothel. soc. 34:299-3 ... | 2010 | 20439472 |
| cd69 limits early inflammatory diseases associated with immune response to listeria monocytogenes infection. | mouse infection with intracellular bacteria induces a potent inflammatory response that requires protective mechanisms to avoid infection-induced immune pathology. cd69 is expressed in all leukocytes during activation after infection with a wide range of microbial pathogens. this study explores the way in which cd69 affects cell activation after listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection and its effects on host protection. we show that infectivity and bacterial clearance capability are unaltered in c ... | 2010 | 20440294 |
| listeria monocytogenes efficiently invades caco-2 cells after low-temperature storage in broth and on deli meat. | the objective of this study was to investigate how various growth conditions influence the virulence of listeria monocytogenes monitored by its ability to invade the epithelial cell lines caco-2 and int-407. the growth conditions examined were modified atmosphere-packaged deli meat and brain heart infusion broth (bhi) with and without salt. five strains of l. monocytogenes were selected to investigate their invasiveness and all strains invaded caco-2 cells at higher levels than int-407 cells. fu ... | 2010 | 20443727 |
| development of a biomolecular assay for the identification of listeria at species level. | in this article, we developed a biomolecular assay specifically designed for the identification of listeria at species level. the proposed test was based on (i) a duplex pcr targeting a specific fragment for l. monocytogenes (plca gene) and a common fragment for all the listeria (16s rrna gene) and (ii) a minisequencing of the common fragment to detect diagnostic sites for the differentiation of the other five species: l. innocua, l. welshimeri, l. seeligeri, l. ivanovii, and l. grayi. the speci ... | 2010 | 20446860 |
| the effect of bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus plantarum strains on the intracellular ph of sessile and planktonic listeria monocytogenes single cells. | a wide range of lactic acid bacteria (lab) produce bacteriocins mainly active against other closely related lab, but some bacteriocins are also active against the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes. with the aim of increasing food safety it has thus been considered to utilise bacteriocins and/or bacteriocin-producing lab as "natural" food preservatives in foods such as cheese, meat and ready-to-eat products. some strains of lactobacillus plantarum produce bacteriocins termed plantaricins ... | 2010 | 20447709 |
| synergistic effect of high pressure processing and lactobacillus casei antimicrobial activity against pressure resistant listeria monocytogenes. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate combinations of high pressure processing (hpp) and lactobacillus casei antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes strains with variation in pressure resistance in culture and in a food model. in culture, combination of hpp (350 mpa, for 1-20 min) and lb. casei cell extract (ce, 32 ceau/ml) showed a significant synergistic bactericidal effect (p<0.05) and the combination treatment decreased pathogen's population >5 log(10)cfu/ml. synergy betwee ... | 2010 | 20450990 |
| analysis of tissue invasiveness of adherent strains of listeria monocytogenes by in vivo mouse assay. | listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that is often present on raw and ready-to-eat (rte) meat and has been a recurring problem in meat processing facilities. l. monocytogenes is capable of strong adherence to equipment and/or surfaces in meat processing facilities, resulting in the formation of biofilms. we examined select strains of l. monocytogenes isolated from raw and rte meats that were divided into weakly (cw34, cw35, cw72, and sm3) or strongly (cw50, 99-38, cw77, and ... | 2010 | 20452072 |
| listeria monocytogenes {sigma}b has a small core regulon and a conserved role in virulence but makes differential contributions to stress tolerance across a diverse collection of strains. | listeria monocytogenes strains are classified in at least three distinct phylogenetic lineages. there are correlations between lineage classification and source of bacterial isolation; e.g., human clinical and food isolates usually are classified in either lineage i or ii. however, human clinical isolates are overrepresented in lineage i, while food isolates are overrepresented in lineage ii. sigma(b), a transcriptional regulator previously demonstrated to contribute to environmental stress resp ... | 2010 | 20453120 |
| isolation and partial sequencing of equid herpesvirus 5 from a horse in iceland. | horses are hosts to 2 types of gammaherpesviruses, equid herpesvirus 2 and 5 (ehv-2 and ehv-5, respectively). both ehv-2 and ehv-5 are common in horses in iceland. an icelandic ehv-5 isolate was recovered by sequential culture in primary fetal horse kidney and rabbit kidney cells. glycoprotein b, glycoprotein h, and dna terminase genes of the isolate were fully sequenced, and the dna polymerase gene was partly sequenced. to date, the glycoprotein b gene of ehv-5 was the only gene that has been r ... | 2010 | 20453218 |
| bacterial meningitis in cirrhotic patients: case series and description of the prognostic role of acute renal failure. | to analyze the mortality risk factors in cirrhotic patients with bacterial meningitis (bm). | 2010 | 20453662 |
| the cytosolic nucleic acid sensor lrrfip1 mediates the production of type i interferon via a beta-catenin-dependent pathway. | intracellular nucleic acid sensors detect microbial rna and dna and trigger the production of type i interferon. however, the cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing system remains to be fully identified. here we show that the cytosolic nucleic acid-binding protein lrrfip1 contributed to the production of interferon-beta (ifn-beta) induced by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and listeria monocytogenes in macrophages. lrrfip1 bound exogenous nucleic acids and increased the expression of ifn-beta induced b ... | 2010 | 20453844 |
| carbon metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens and possible links to virulence. | new technologies such as high-throughput methods and 13c-isotopologue-profiling analysis are beginning to provide us with insight into the in vivo metabolism of microorganisms, especially in the host cell compartments that are colonized by intracellular bacterial pathogens. in this review, we discuss the recent progress made in determining the major carbon sources and metabolic pathways used by model intracellular bacterial pathogens that replicate either in the cytosol or in vacuoles of infecte ... | 2010 | 20453875 |
| the behaviour of both listeria monocytogenes and rat ciliated ependymal cells is altered during their co-culture. | ciliated ependymal cells line the cerebral ventricles and aqueducts separating the infected csf from the brain parenchyma in meningitis. | 2010 | 20454610 |
| a novel immunoregulatory function for il-23: inhibition of il-12-dependent ifn-γ production. | most studies investigating the function of il-23 have concluded that it promotes il-17-secreting t cells. although some reports have also characterized il-23 as having redundant pro-inflammatory effects with il-12, we have instead found that il-23 antagonizes il-12-induced secretion of ifn-γ. when splenocytes or purified populations of t cells were cultured with il-23, ifn-γ secretion in response to il-12 was dramatically reduced. the impact of il-23 was most prominent in cd8(+) t cells, but was ... | 2010 | 20458705 |
| antimicrobial gelatin films reduce listeria monocytogenes on turkey bologna. | antimicrobial films and coatings may be useful to inhibit bacterial growth on ready-to-eat poultry meats. nisaplin and guardian cs1-50 were added at 6 and 5 different concentrations to cast gelatin-based films to inhibit listeria monocytogenes inoculated in liquid media, solid media, and on bologna. color properties and antimicrobial activity were measured during storage of films at 21 degrees c+/-2. for the shelf-life study on bologna, color change and antimicrobial effect of 0.5% nisaplin and ... | 2010 | 20460678 |
| hot air treatment for surface decontamination of table eggs experimentally infected with salmonella, listeria, and escherichia coli. | hot-air pasteurization was investigated in the eu-funded project "reducing egg susceptibility to contaminations in avian production in europe (rescape)" as an innovative treatment for surface bacterial decontamination of table eggs. possible side effects of the treatment on egg quality traits were also studied. the decontamination power of hot air was evaluated over 1 month on shell eggs that were experimentally inoculated with salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, or listeria monocytogenes. ... | 2010 | 20461457 |
| interleukin (il)-21-independent pathogen-specific cd8+ t-cell expansion, and il-21-dependent suppression of cd4+ t-cell il-17 production. | although interleukin-21 (il-21) potently activates and controls the differentiation of immune cells after stimulation in vitro, the role for this pleiotropic cytokine during in vivo infection remains poorly defined. herein, the requirement for il-21 in innate and adaptive host defence after listeria monocytogenes infection was examined. in the innate phase, il-21 deficiency did not cause significant defects in infection susceptibility, or in the early activation of natural killer and t cells. in ... | 2010 | 20465570 |
| [electrochemical detection of toxin gene in listeria monocytogenes]. | listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a food-borne pathogen inducing listeriosis, an illness characterized by encephalitis, septicaemia, and meningitis. listeriolysin o (llo) is absolutely required for virulence by l. monocytogenes, and is found only in virulent strains of the species. one of the best ways to detect and confirm the pathogen is detection of one of the virulence factors, llo, produced by the microorganism. this paper focused on the electrical method used to detect the llo toxin gene in f ... | 2010 | 20466642 |
| attack of the clones. | | 2010 | 20467444 |
| [effect of sea microalgae exometabolites on reproduction of pathogenic bacteria]. | to study the effects of sea microalgae exometabolites on reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. | 2010 | 20468099 |
| a five year surveillance report on pfge types of listeria monocytogenes isolated in italy from food and food related environments. | listeria monocytogenes can cause severe invasive disease in humans and has been isolated from a variety of foods. this study aimed to investigate type diversity and distribution across sources by subtyping via pfge a set of 300 l. monocytogenes isolates collected in italy from foods over a five year period (from 2003 to 2007). the most frequent serotypes were 1/2a (45%), 1/2c (22%), and 4b/4e (16%); 5% of the isolates were untypeable by conventional serotyping. significant associations were obse ... | 2010 | 20471124 |
| the survival of listeria monocytogenes during long term desiccation is facilitated by sodium chloride and organic material. | one specific dna-subtype, as determined by rapd, of listeria monocytogenes persisted in a fish slaughterhouse for years, even during months with no production where the plant was cleaned and kept dry. we hypothesised that tolerance to desiccation could be a factor in explaining the persistence of l. monocytogenes in food processing environments and the purpose of the present study was to determine ability of l. monocytogenes to survive desiccation on stainless steel under simulated food processi ... | 2010 | 20471709 |
| aim2 joins the gang of microbial sensors. | aim2 was recently implicated in the assembly and activation of the inflammasome in response to eukaryotic and viral dsdna. sauer and colleagues (2010) demonstrate that aim2 is also involved in the activation of the inflammasome in response to the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. | 2010 | 20478535 |
| defining a core set of actin cytoskeletal proteins critical for actin-based motility of rickettsia. | many rickettsia species are intracellular bacterial pathogens that use actin-based motility for spread during infection. however, while other bacteria assemble actin tails consisting of branched networks, rickettsia assemble long parallel actin bundles, suggesting the use of a distinct mechanism for exploiting actin. to identify the underlying mechanisms and host factors involved in rickettsia parkeri actin-based motility, we performed an rnai screen targeting 115 actin cytoskeletal genes in dro ... | 2010 | 20478540 |
| the xc chemokine receptor 1 is a conserved selective marker of mammalian cells homologous to mouse cd8alpha+ dendritic cells. | human bdca3+ dendritic cells (dcs) were suggested to be homologous to mouse cd8alpha+ dcs. we demonstrate that human bdca3+ dcs are more efficient than their bdca1+ counterparts or plasmacytoid dcs (pdcs) in cross-presenting antigen and activating cd8+ t cells, which is similar to mouse cd8alpha+ dcs as compared with cd11b+ dcs or pdcs, although with more moderate differences between human dc subsets. yet, no specific marker was known to be shared between homologous dc subsets across species. we ... | 2010 | 20479118 |
| some growth parameters and antimicrobial activity of a bacteriocin-producing strain pediococcus acidilactici 13. | some growth parameters and bacteriocin production by the strain pediococcus acidilactici 13, were screened in this study. the inhibitor substance produced by this strain showed strong antimicrobial activity at 204,800 au/ml (activity units/ml) against the gram positive food borne pathogen, listeria monocytogenes, when the incubation temperature was 37 degrees c and the initial ph of the medium, tge (trypton glucose yeast extract), was 6.0. the bacteriocin-producing strain had considerable resist ... | 2010 | 20483184 |
| the roles of il-12 and il-23 in cd8+ t cell-mediated immunity against listeria monocytogenes: insights from a dc vaccination model. | listeria monocytogenes infection induces a strong inflammatory response characterized by the production of il-12 and ifn-gamma and protective immunity against this pathogen is dependent on cd8+ t cells (ctl). recent studies have suggested that these inflammatory cytokines affect the rate of memory cd8+ t cell generation as well as the number of short-lived effector cells generated. the role of the closely related cytokine, il-23, in this response has not been examined. we hypothesized that il-12 ... | 2010 | 20483409 |
| catenin' on to nucleic acid sensing. | | 2010 | 20485273 |
| listeria monocytogenes internalin b activates junctional endocytosis to accelerate intestinal invasion. | listeria monocytogenes (lm) uses inla to invade the tips of the intestinal villi, a location at which cell extrusion generates a transient defect in epithelial polarity that exposes the receptor for inla, e-cadherin, on the cell surface. as the dying cell is removed from the epithelium, the surrounding cells reorganize to form a multicellular junction (mcj) that lm exploits to find its basolateral receptor and invade. by examining individual infected villi using 3d-confocal imaging, we uncovered ... | 2010 | 20485518 |
| foodborne pathogens in retail oysters in south china. | to investigate the occurrence of important foodborne pathogens in shellstock pacific oysters in the food markets in south china. | 2010 | 20486433 |
| sigmab-dependent protein induction in listeria monocytogenes during vancomycin stress. | listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that can survive under a wide range of environmental and energy stress conditions. the general stress response controlled by sigma(b) largely contributes to stress resistance in l. monocytogenes. moreover, the bacterial cell wall is the first defense against cellular stress and as such is the target of numerous antibiotics. we therefore hypothesize that sigma(b) contributes to monitoring the integrity of cell walls. we evaluated sigma(b) activity i ... | 2010 | 20487028 |
| expression of two listeria monocytogenes antigens (p60 and llo) in lactococcus lactis and examination for use as live vaccine vectors. | listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne intracellular pathogen that mainly infects pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. the pore-forming haemolysin listeriolysin o (llo), the main virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes, allows bacteria to escape from the harsh environment of the phagosome to the cytoplasm of the infected cell. this leads to processing of bacterial antigens predominantly through the cytosolic mhc class i presentation pathway. we previously engineered the food-grade bact ... | 2010 | 20488938 |
| identification of specific targets for the gut mucosal defense factor intestinal alkaline phosphatase. | intestinal alkaline phosphatase (iap) is a small intestinal brush border enzyme that has been shown to function as a gut mucosal defense factor, but its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. we investigated the effects of iap on specific bacteria and bacterial components to determine its molecular targets. purulent fluid from a cecal ligation and puncture model, specific live and heat-killed bacteria (escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes), and a variety of ... | 2010 | 20489044 |
| involvement of the aim2, nlrc4, and nlrp3 inflammasomes in caspase-1 activation by listeria monocytogenes. | infection with listeria monocytogenes can cause meningitis and septicemia in newborn, elderly, or immunocompromised individuals. pregnant women are particularly susceptible to listeria, leading to a potentially fatal infection. cytosolic listeria activates the proinflammatory caspase-1 and induces the processing and secretion of interleukins il-1beta and il-18 as well as caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. this study elucidates the role of various inflammasome components of host macrophages in the p ... | 2010 | 20490635 |
| survey on the microbiological quality of chinese food preparations. | the microbiological quality of 118 samples of traditional chinese food from restaurants and take-away establishments in the provinces of padua, treviso, and venice was examined (april-july, 2008). these food items included various ready-to-eat products. the microbiological quality of the majority of these food items was acceptable; only 12% of samples had values greater than or equal to 6 log cfu/g (eight items were salads) and 19% of samples had values greater than 500 cfu fecal coliforms/g (p ... | 2010 | 20490663 |
| antibrowning and antimicrobial properties of sodium acid sulfate in apple slices. | there are few available compounds that can both control browning and enhance microbial safety of fresh-cut fruits. in the present study, the antibrowning ability of sodium acid sulfate (sas) on "granny smith" apple slices was first investigated in terms of optimum concentration and treatment time. in a separate experiment, the apple slices were treated with water or 3% of sas, calcium ascorbate, citric acid, or acidified calcium sulfate for 5 min. total plate count, color, firmness, and tissue d ... | 2009 | 20492119 |
| sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes scott a to nisin and diacetyl after starvation in sodium phosphate buffered saline. | this study determined the effectiveness of nisin and diacetyl to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes (lm) under normal cell cultivation and starvation conditions in sodium phosphate buffered saline (spbs). inhibitory effects of nisin at 320 or 1000 au/ml or diacetyl at 0.25%, 0.50%, or 1.0% and combinations on lm in brain heart infusion (bhi), spbs, and potassium phosphate buffered saline (kpbs) were determined on bhia (nonselective medium) and palcam (selective medium) agar at 0 and 2 ... | 2009 | 20492120 |
| effect of organic acids and plant extracts on escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium in broth culture model and chicken meat systems. | foodborne illness due to consumption of products contaminated with salmonella typhimurium (s.t.), listeria monocytogenes (l.m.), and escherichia coli o157:h7 (e.c.) results in many deaths and significant economic losses each year. in this study, acetic (aa), citric acid (ca), lactic acid (la), malic acid (ma), and tartaric acid (ta) and grape seed (gs), green tea (gt), bitter melon seed (bms), rasum, and fenugreek (fg) extracts were investigated as inhibitors against s.t., l.m., and e.c. in both ... | 2009 | 20492123 |
| effect of salt, smoke compound, and temperature on the survival of listeria monocytogenes in salmon during simulated smoking processes. | the objectives of this study were to examine and develop a model to describe the survival of listeria monocytogenes in salmon as affected by salt, smoke compound (phenol), and smoking process temperature. cooked minced salmon containing selected levels of salt (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) and smoke compound (0, 5, 10, and 15 ppm phenol) were inoculated with a 6-strain mixture of l. monocytogenes to an inoculum level of 6.0 log(10) cfu/g. the populations of l. monocytogenes in salmon during processing at ... | 2009 | 20492124 |
| quality attributes and microbial storage stability of caviar from cultivated white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus). | caviar was prepared from white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) roe by adjusting the water phase salt (wps) to 4.0% to 6.3% by adding food grade nacl. fish were obtained from 2 different farms from the inland northwest (n = 5). salt was absorbed at a different rate and to a different extent by roe from different fish. the lipid content in the fish roe varied from 10.2% to 14.4% (w/w), with palmitic acid and oleic acid being the most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids present, r ... | 2010 | 20492148 |
| application of gelidium corneum edible films containing carvacrol for ham packages. | we prepared an edible film of gelidium corneum (gc) containing carvacrol as an antimicrobial and antioxidative agent. the gc film containing carvacrol significantly decreased the wvp, while ts and %e values were increased, compared to the film without carvacrol. increasing amounts of an antimicrobial agent increased antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes. application of the film to ham packaging successfully inhibited the microbial growth and lipid oxi ... | 2010 | 20492157 |
| potential misuse of an antimicrobial resulting from a miscalculation in an efficacy study. | | 2010 | 20492212 |
| combined effects of alkaline electrolyzed water and citric acid with mild heat to control microorganisms on cabbage. | effects of alkaline electrolyzed water (alew), acidic electrolyzed water (acew), 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite (naclo), deionized water (diw), 1% citric acid (ca) alone, and combinations of alew with 1% ca (alew + ca), in reducing the populations of spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens on cabbage were investigated at various dipping times (3, 5, and 10 min) with different dipping temperatures (1, 20, 40, and 50 degrees c). inhibitory effect of the selected optimal treatment against listeria m ... | 2010 | 20492239 |
| active packaging of fresh chicken breast, with allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) in combination with modified atmosphere packaging (map) to control the growth of pathogens. | listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium are major bacterial pathogens associated with poultry products. ally isothiocyanate (aitc), a natural antimicrobial compound, is reportedly effective against these pathogenic organisms. a device was designed for the controlled release of aitc with modified atmosphere packaging (map), and then evaluated for its ability to control the growth of l. monocytogenes and s. typhimurium on raw chicken breast during refrigerated storage. in order to obtain ... | 2010 | 20492243 |
| inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in skim milk and liquid egg white by antimicrobial bottle coating with polylactic acid and nisin. | this study was to develop an antimicrobial bottle coating method to reduce the risk of outbreaks of human listeriosis caused by contaminated liquid foods. liquid egg white and skim milk were inoculated with listeria monocytogenes scott a and stored in glass jars that were coated with a mixture of polylactic acid (pla) polymer and nisin. the efficacy of pla per nisin coating in inactivating l. monocytogenes was investigated at 10 and 4 degrees c. the pathogen grew well in skim milk without pla/ni ... | 2010 | 20492246 |
| sigb absence decreased listeria monocytogenes egd-e heat resistance but not its pulsed electric fields resistance. | this study shows the behaviour of listeria monocytogenes under heat and pulsed electric fields (pef) treatments, as well as the influence of sigb in bacterial resistance and recovery. absence of the sigb gene resulted in a decreased heat tolerance, showing that sigma(b) influences l. monocytogenes heat survival. heat treatments at 60 degrees c (40s) caused sublethal membrane injuries in 99.99% of survivors. the repair of heat damage required energy production and lipid, protein, and rna synthesi ... | 2010 | 20493572 |
| biofilm in milking equipment on a dairy farm as a potential source of bulk tank milk contamination with listeria monocytogenes. | the objective of this study was to assess the presence of a listeria monocytogenes-containing biofilm in milking equipment as a potential source of bulk tank milk contamination on a dairy farm where milk contamination had been previously documented. samples were collected from milking equipment and milking parlor premises on 4 occasions and analyzed for the presence of l. monocytogenes. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing was conducted on l. monocytogenes isolates from the milking equ ... | 2010 | 20494189 |
| antimicrobial potential of polyphenols extracted from almond skins. | to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of flavonoid-rich fractions derived from natural and blanched almond skins, the latter being a by-product from the almond processing industry. | 2010 | 20497495 |
| evaluation of paramagnetic beads coated with recombinant listeria phage endolysin-derived cell-wall-binding domain proteins for separation of listeria monocytogenes from raw milk in combination with culture-based and real-time polymerase chain reaction-based quantification. | the aim of this study was to evaluate a fast and simple bead-based method using paramagnetic beads covered with recombinant listeria phage endolysin-derived cell-wall-binding domain proteins specific for listeria spp. for separation of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes from artificially contaminated raw milk. the method was combined with subsequent detection and quantification by the traditional plate-count technique and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). to account for diffe ... | 2010 | 20500083 |
| molecular and phenotypic characterization of listeria monocytogenes from u.s. department of agriculture food safety and inspection service surveillance of ready-to-eat foods and processing facilities. | a panel of 501 listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained from the u.s. department of agriculture food safety and inspection service monitoring programs for ready-to-eat (rte) foods were subtyped by multilocus genotyping (mlgt) and by sequencing the virulence gene inla, which codes for internalin. mlgt analyses confirmed that clonal lineages associated with previous epidemic outbreaks were rare (7.6%) contaminants of rte meat and poultry products and their production environments. conversely, sequ ... | 2010 | 20501037 |
| use of residual acid phosphatase activity in heat-processed atlantic cod (gadus morhua) for estimating thermal load. | farmed atlantic cod muscle tissue was heated isothermally at temperatures of 56 to 68 degrees c for 15 s to 25.5 min. extracts from the heat-treated samples were prepared by mixing with triton x-100 (1:9, wt/wt) and subsequent centrifugation. residual acid phosphatase (acp) activity was measured, and the inactivation was modeled in two phases. mean (+/-standard error) kinetic parameters of thermal inactivation were determined as d(60 degrees c) = 34.93 +/- 2.02 min and z = 22.01 +/- 4.10 degrees ... | 2010 | 20501044 |
| characterization of the properties of pediococcus parvulus for probiotic or protective culture use. | pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (previously pediococcus damnosus 2.6, here confirmed as p. parvulus by 16s dna sequencing) displayed antibacterial activity toward several bacterial species, including isolates found as contaminants in oats, herein genetically identified as bacillus cereus. no inhibition of listeria monocytogenes was found under the conditions used. antibacterial activity was retrieved after ammonium sulfate or acetone precipitation showed it to be peptide mediated. p. parvulus 2.6 has p ... | 2010 | 20501049 |
| relation between serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of listeria monocytogenes isolated from ground turkey. | the objectives of this study were to determine the serotype distribution of listeria monocytogenes isolated from ground turkey using a multiplex pcr assay and to determine antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates using the disc diffusion method. of 78 isolates, 35 (44.9%), 29 (37.2%), 7 (9.0%), and 7 (9.0%) were identified as serotypes 1/2a (or 3a), 4b (or 4d or 4e), 1/2b (or 3b), and 1/2c (or 3c), respectively. overall, 63 isolates (80.8%) were resistant to penicillin g, and 53 (67.9%) ... | 2010 | 20501050 |
| lap, an alcohol acetaldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme in listeria, promotes bacterial adhesion to enterocyte-like caco-2 cells only in pathogenic species. | listeria adhesion protein (lap), an alcohol acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (lmo1634), interacts with host-cell receptor hsp60 to promote bacterial adhesion during the intestinal phase of listeria monocytogenes infection. the lap homologue is present in pathogens (l. monocytogenes, l. ivanovii) and non-pathogens (l. innocua, l. welshimeri, l. seeligeri); however, its role in non-pathogens is unknown. sequence analysis revealed 98 % amino acid similarity in lap from all listeria species. the n-terminu ... | 2010 | 20507888 |
| c-di-amp secreted by intracellular listeria monocytogenes activates a host type i interferon response. | intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as listeria monocytogenes, are detected in the cytosol of host immune cells. induction of this host response is often dependent on microbial secretion systems and, in l. monocytogenes, is dependent on multidrug efflux pumps (mdrs). using l. monocytogenes mutants that overexpressed mdrs, we identified cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp) as a secreted molecule able to trigger the cytosolic host response. overexpression of the di-adenylate cyclase, da ... | 2010 | 20508090 |
| induction of specific cd8 t cells against intracellular bacteria by cd8 t-cell-oriented immunization approaches. | for protection against intracellular bacteria such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and listeria monocytogenes, the cellular arm of adaptive immunity is necessary. a variety of immunization methods have been evaluated and are reported to induce specific cd8(+) t cells against intracellular bacterial infection. modified bcg vaccines have been examined to enhance cd8(+) t-cell responses. naked dna vaccination is a promising strategy to induce cd8(+) t cells. in addition to this strategy, live attenua ... | 2010 | 20508818 |
| [listeria battles with sumo]. | | 2010 | 20510159 |
| overview of current meat hygiene and safety risks and summary of recent studies on biofilms, and control of escherichia coli o157:h7 in nonintact, and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat, meat products. | as meat consumption is increasing around the world, so do concerns and challenges to meat hygiene and safety. these concerns are mostly of a biological nature and include bacterial pathogens, such as escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella and campylobacter in raw meat and poultry, and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat processed products, while viral pathogens are of major concern at foodservice. a major goal of scientists, industry, public health and regulatory authorities is to control patho ... | 2010 | 20510532 |