| high morbidity and mortality in adults hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infections. | better understanding of complications and outcomes of adults hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is necessary. | 2013 | 23876395 |
| nuclear factor κb2 p52 protein has a role in antiviral immunity through iκb kinase epsilon-dependent induction of sp1 protein and interleukin 15. | in this study we describe a previously unreported function for nfκb2, an nfκb family transcription factor, in antiviral immunity. nfκb2 is induced in response to poly(i:c), a mimic of viral dsrna. poly(i:c), acting via tlr3, induces p52-dependent transactivation of a reporter gene in a manner that requires the kinase activity of iκb kinase ε (ikkε) and the transactivating potential of rela/p65. we identify a novel nfκb2 binding site in the promoter of the transcription factor sp1 that is require ... | 2013 | 23873932 |
| association of rsv-related hospitalization and non-compliance with palivizumab among commercially insured infants: a retrospective claims analysis. | palivizumab has been shown to decrease the incidence of hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants at risk of severe rsv disease. we examined the association between compliance with palivizumab dosing throughout the rsv season and risk of rsv-related hospitalization in clinical practice. | 2013 | 23870086 |
| neonatal immunization with respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein fragment induces protective immunity in the presence of maternal antibodies in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly worldwide. the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this infection underscores the urgent need for development of rsv vaccine. in this study, we first show that intranasal administration of rsv glycoprotein core fragment (gcf) to neonatal mice can induce systemic humoral immune responses and protective immunity against rsv without causing lung eosinophilia, al ... | 2013 | 23869549 |
| comparison of the timing of initial prophylactic palivizumab dosing on hospitalization of neonates for respiratory syncytial virus. | the effects of two prophylactic palivizumab schedules on hospitalization of neonates for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were compared. | 2013 | 23867491 |
| respiratory-related hospitalizations following prophylaxis in the canadian registry for palivizumab (2005-2012) compared to other international registries. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection occurs commonly in infants aged ≤2 years, and severe infection results in hospitalization with accompanying morbidity and mortality. palivizumab has been available for prophylaxis for the past 15 years. prospective data on patients who received palivizumab from 2005 to 2012 has been assembled in the canadian registry (caress) to document utilization, compliance, and health outcomes in both hospital and community settings. long-term data is necessary to ... | 2013 | 23861694 |
| influenza and respiratory syncytial virus are the major respiratory viruses detected from prospective testing of pediatric and adult coronial autopsies. | to ascertain the full mortality of influenza and other respiratory viruses, the testing of community autopsy specimens is essential. | 2013 | 23855988 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein and neutrophils mediate the airway mucin response to pathogenic respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of death due to a viral etiology in infants. rsv disease is characterized by epithelial desquamation, neutrophilic bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and obstructive pulmonary mucus. it has been shown that infection of balb/cj mice with rsv clinical isolate a2001/2-20 (2-20) results in a higher early viral load, greater airway necrosis, and higher levels of interleukin-13 (il-13) and airway mucin expression than infection with rsv laboratory strai ... | 2013 | 23843644 |
| poor growth and pneumonia seasonality in infants in the philippines: cohort and time series studies. | children with poor nutrition are at increased risk of pneumonia. in many tropical settings seasonal pneumonia epidemics occur during the rainy season, which is often a period of poor nutrition. we have investigated whether seasonal hunger may be a driver of seasonal pneumonia epidemics in children in the tropical setting of the philippines. in individual level cohort analysis, infant size and growth were both associated with increased pneumonia admissions, consistent with findings from previous ... | 2013 | 23840731 |
| the use of humanized monoclonal antibodies for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | monoclonal antibodies are widely used both in infants and in adults for several indications. humanized monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) have been used for many years for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in pediatric populations (preterm infants, infants with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease) at high risk of severe and potentially lethal course of the infection. this drug was reported to be safe, well tolerated and effective to decrease the hospitalizatio ... | 2013 | 23840240 |
| does respiratory virus coinfection increases the clinical severity of acute respiratory infection among children infected with respiratory syncytial virus? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection in children less than 5 years of age. the impact of non-rsv respiratory virus coinfection on the severity of rsv disease is unknown. | 2013 | 23838658 |
| [correlation between the numbers of peripheral blood dendritic cells and the clinical manifestations in children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis]. | to detect the quantity of peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells (mdcs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) in children with bronchiolitis infected by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and analyze the correlation with the severity of the disease. | 2013 | 23837988 |
| poly i:c and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) inhibit glucocorticoid receptor (gr)-mediated transactivation in lung epithelial, but not monocytic, cell lines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis in infants is not responsive to glucocorticoids. we have recently shown that rsv infection of lung epithelial cells impairs glucocorticoid receptor (gr) function. in this current study, we have shown that the viral mimic poly i:c also represses gr-mediated gene activation in lung epithelial cells, suggesting that this might be a common phenomenon of other viral infections. however, we also show that neither rsv infection nor poly i:c affect ... | 2013 | 23830998 |
| differential response of bdca-1+ and bdca-3+ myeloid dendritic cells to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of respiratory infections in children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. severe infection is associated with short- and long-term morbidity including pneumonia, recurrent wheezing, and abnormal pulmonary function, and several lines of evidence indicate that impaired adaptive immune responses during infection are critical in the pathophysiology of rsv-mediated disease. myeloid dendritic cells (mdcs) play a pivotal role in shaping an ... | 2013 | 23829893 |
| screening and evaluation of anti-respiratory syncytial virus compounds in cultured cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a highly contagious pathogen that infects mainly ciliated cells of respiratory epithelium and type 1 pneumocytes in the alveoli frequently causing serious respiratory disease in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised patients. at present, prevention/treatment of rsv infection is limited to the use of specific anti-rsv antibody or an aerosol formulation of ribavirin, a drug of suboptimal efficacy and low safety profile. there is an urgent need for development ... | 2013 | 23821281 |
| a fluorescence-based high-throughput antiviral compound screening assay against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common virus that infects people of all ages and causes cold-like symptoms in most cases. however, more serious infections occur in the younger and older extremities of the population causing severe lung infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. the current standard of care is mostly limited to supportive treatment, although prophylaxis by passive immunization with the humanized monoclonal antibody palivizumab and therapeutic intervention with aerosol ... | 2013 | 23821280 |
| rhinovirus-infected epithelial cells produce more il-8 and rantes compared with other respiratory viruses. | the environmental factors human rhinoviruses (hrvs) and house dust mites (hdms) are the most common causes of acute exacerbations of asthma. the aim of this study was to compare the chemokine production induced by hrvs in airway epithelial cells with that induced by other respiratory viruses, and to investigate synergistic interactions between hrvs and hdms on the induction of inflammatory chemokines in vitro. | 2013 | 23814675 |
| risk factors and containment of respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a hematology and transplant unit. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) usually causes self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections, but can be associated with severe lower respiratory tract infection disease (lrtid) in infants and in patients with hematologic malignancies. we have analyzed the risk factors and the measures for containment within an outbreak of nosocomial rsv infections in a hematology and sct unit. a total of 56 patients were affected (53 rsv-a and 3 rsv-b) including 32 transplant patients (16 allogeneic and 16 ... | 2013 | 23811816 |
| new perspectives in nanomedicine. | recent advances in nanotechnology have revolutionised all aspects of life, from engineering to cosmetics. one of the most exciting areas of development is that of nanomedicine. due to their size (less than 100nm in one aspect), nanoparticles exhibit properties that are unlike that of the same material in bulk size. these unique properties are being exploited to create new diagnostics and therapeutics for application in a broad spectrum of organ systems. indeed, nanoparticles are already being de ... | 2013 | 23811125 |
| solid-phase synthesis of 5'-triphosphate 2'-5'-oligoadenylates analogs with 3'-o-biolabile groups and their evaluation as rnase l activators and antiviral drugs. | 5'-triphosphate 2'-5'-oligoadenylate (2-5a) is the central player in the 2-5a system that is an innate immunity pathway in response to the presence of infectious agents. intracellular endoribonuclease rnase l activated by 2-5a cleaves viral and cellular rna resulting in apoptosis. the major limitations of 2-5a for therapeutic applications is the short biological half-life and poor cellular uptake. modification of 2-5a with biolabile and lipophilic groups that facilitate its uptake, increase its ... | 2013 | 23810677 |
| protective and dysregulated t cell immunity in rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of infantile bronchiolitis and a major pathogen in elderly and immunosuppressed persons. although rsv shows limited antigenic diversity, repeated infections occur throughout life. vaccine development has been delayed by poor immunogenicity, production issues and the fear of causing enhanced disease. t cells assist in viral clearance, but immune regulation serves to limit these responses and to prevent the exaggerated inflammatory resp ... | 2013 | 23806514 |
| novel inflammatory markers, clinical risk factors and virus type associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | virus-induced inflammation contributes to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pathogenesis. we sought to determine the specific mediators that are associated with more severe illness in young children. | 2013 | 23804121 |
| gold nanorod vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of pneumonia and wheezing in infants and the elderly, but to date there is no licensed vaccine. we developed a gold nanorod construct that displayed the major protective antigen of the virus, the fusion protein (f). nanorods conjugated to rsv f were formulated as a candidate vaccine preparation by covalent attachment of viral protein using a layer-by-layer approach. in vitro studies using elisa, electron microscopy and circular dichroism reveale ... | 2013 | 23799651 |
| vitamin d deficiency and severe asthma. | vitamin d has received tremendous amount of attention recently due to the ever-increasing reports of association between vitamin d deficiency and a wide range of conditions, from cancer to fertility to longevity. the fascination of disease association with vitamin d deficiency comes from the relatively easy solution to overcome such a risk factor, that is, either by increase in sun exposure and/or diet supplementation. many reviews have been written on a protective role of vitamin d in asthma an ... | 2013 | 23792089 |
| differences in respiratory syncytial virus and influenza infection in a house-dust-mite-induced asthma mouse model: consequences for steroid sensitivity. | a significant number of clinical asthma exacerbations are triggered by viral infection. we aimed to characterize the effect of virus infection in an hdm (house dust mite) mouse model of asthma and assess the effect of oral corticosteroids. hdm alone significantly increased eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and a number of cytokines in bal (bronchoalveolar lavage), all of which were sensitive to treatment with prednisolone (with the exception of neutrophils). virus infection also ... | 2013 | 23789621 |
| re: "disparities between black and white children in hospitalizations associated with acute respiratory illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in 3 us counties--2002-2009". | | 2013 | 23785109 |
| the impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections in young children: slovenia, 2006-2011. | influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) are important viral pathogens in childhood. | 2013 | 23782430 |
| identification of group b respiratory syncytial viruses that lack the 60-nucleotide duplication after six consecutive epidemics of total ba dominance at coastal kenya. | respiratory syncytial virus ba genotype has reportedly replaced other group b genotypes worldwide. we report the observation of three group b viruses, all identical in g sequence but lacking the ba duplication, at a coastal district hospital in kenya in early 2012. this follows a period of six consecutive respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemics with 100% ba dominance among group b isolates. the new strains appear only distantly related to ba variants and to previously circulating sab1 viruse ... | 2013 | 23782406 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | the importance of rsv as a respiratory pathogen in young children made it a priority for vaccine development shortly after it was discovered. unfortunately, after over 50 years of vaccine development no vaccine has yet been licensed and it is not certain which if any vaccines being developed will be successful. the first candidate vaccine, a formalin inactivated rsv vaccine (fi-rsv), was tested in children in the 1960s and predisposed young recipients to more serious disease with later natural i ... | 2013 | 23778071 |
| use of palivizumab in infants and young children with severe respiratory disease: a delphi study. | to achieve a consensus of opinion among an expert group of pediatric pulmonologists regarding the appropriateness of the off-label use of palivizumab for some pediatric patients with severe respiratory diseases. | 2014 | 23775884 |
| does a therapeutic conversation intervention in an acute paediatric setting make a difference for families of children with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)? | to measure the benefit of a short-family therapeutic conversation (stc) intervention in an acute paediatric unit. | 2013 | 23763441 |
| development of a sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay that provides specimen-to-result diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in 30 minutes. | rapid isothermal amplification methods have recently been introduced, and some of these methods offer significant advantages over pcr. the objective of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (m-lamp) assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b (rsv a and b). we designed six primers each for the matrix gene of rsv a and the polymerase gene of rsv b and developed an m-lamp assay by using a commercially available ... | 2013 | 23761156 |
| development and validation of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for palivizumab serum determination. | palivizumab (synagis) is a humanized monoclonal antibody (igg1k) composed of 95 percent human and 5 percent murine sequences. it is directed to an epitope in the a antigenic site of the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). palivizumab is used for prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by rsv in pediatric patients who are at increased risk of severe disease and is administered intramuscularly (im) for a total of 5 monthly doses. herein, we report on the developmen ... | 2017 | 23755766 |
| novel respiratory syncytial virus subtype on1 among children, cape town, south africa, 2012. | | 2013 | 23750827 |
| etymologia: syncytium. | | 2013 | 23750662 |
| phosphatidylglycerol provides short-term prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory tract infections in young children, and significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly, immunosuppressed, and immunocompromised patients and in patients with chronic lung diseases. recently, we reported that the pulmonary surfactant phospholipid palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (popg) inhibited rsv infection in vitro and in vivo by blocking viral attachment to epithelial cells. simultaneous application of popg along with an rsv challe ... | 2013 | 23749985 |
| detecting respiratory syncytial virus using nanoparticle-amplified immuno-pcr. | early-stage detection is essential for effective treatment of pediatric virus infections. in traditional -immuno-pcr, a single antibody recognition event is associated with one to three dna tags, which are subsequently amplified by pcr. in this protocol, we describe a nanoparticle-amplified immuno-pcr assay that combines antibody recognition of traditional elisa with a 50-fold nanoparticle valence amplification step followed by amplification by traditional pcr. the assay detects a respiratory sy ... | 2013 | 23749572 |
| anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids: changing concepts. | despite being the most effective anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases, the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) effect repression of inflammatory gene expression remain incompletely understood. direct interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor (nr3c1) with inflammatory transcription factors to repress transcriptional activity, i.e. transrepression, represents one mechanism of action. however, transcriptional activation, or transactivation, by nr3c1 also ... | 2014 | 23747654 |
| senecio scandens buch.-ham.: a review on its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. | the aerial parts of senecio scandens buch.-ham. (family asteraceae) have a long history in traditional chinese medicine as a treatment for various ailments, such as bacterial diarrhea, enteritis, conjunctivitis, and respiratory tract infections. | 2013 | 23747644 |
| [gene sequence and antigenic epitope variation within the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus in sichuan, china]. | to investigate the variation of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) and neutralizing epitopes in f protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolated in sichuan. | 2013 | 23745249 |
| palivizumab for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with cystic fibrosis. | respiratory syncytial virus infection causes acute lung infection in infants and young children worldwide, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. children with cystic fibrosis are prone to recurrent lung inflammation, bacterial colonisation and subsequent chronic airway disease, putting them at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections requiring intensive care and respiratory support. no treatment currently exists, hence prevention is important. palivizumab is effective ... | 2013 | 23737087 |
| novel respiratory syncytial virus a genotype, germany, 2011-2012. | | 2013 | 23735287 |
| risk factors and outcomes for respiratory syncytial virus-related infections in immunocompromised children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. data on the risk factors for acquisition and outcomes from rsv infections in this population are limited. | 2013 | 23732222 |
| elevated macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and interleukin-17 production in an experimental asthma model infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with both the development and exacerbation of bronchial asthma. we examined eosinophil infiltration and the cytokine profiles of both airway and peripheral blood in antigen-sensitized mice infected with rsv to investigate the pathogenesis of exacerbations of asthma due to rsv infection. | 2013 | 23711864 |
| the path to an rsv vaccine. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the greatest remaining unmet infant vaccine need in developed countries and an important unmet infant vaccine need worldwide. more than 40 years of effort have yet to result in a licensed rsv vaccine for humans. key challenges to rsv vaccine development include a peak of severe disease at 2-3 months of age, problematic biochemical behavior of key vaccine antigens, a history of vaccine-mediated disease enhancement, and reliance on animal models that may not ac ... | 2013 | 23727193 |
| pericarditis mediated by respiratory syncytial virus in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient. | we describe a case of pericarditis and large pericardial effusion in a 63-year-old african-american man undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma. pericardial tissue biopsy demonstrated fibrinous pericarditis, and immunohistochemistry stains were positive for respiratory syncytial virus. the patient improved with oral ribavirin and intravenous immune globulin infusions. | 2013 | 23725410 |
| nanodiscs as a therapeutic delivery agent: inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the lung. | there is increasing interest in the application of nanotechnology to solve the difficult problem of therapeutic administration of pharmaceuticals. nanodiscs, composed of a stable discoidal lipid bilayer encircled by an amphipathic membrane scaffold protein that is an engineered variant of the human apo a-i constituent of high-density lipoproteins, have been a successful platform for providing a controlled lipid composition in particles that are especially useful for investigating membrane protei ... | 2013 | 23717040 |
| comparing influenza and rsv viral and disease dynamics in experimentally infected adults predicts clinical effectiveness of rsv antivirals. | antivirals reduce influenza viral replication and illness measures, particularly if initiated early, within 48 h of symptom onset. whether experimental antivirals that reduce respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) load would also reduce disease is unknown. this study compares viral and disease dynamics in humans experimentally infected with influenza or rsv. | 2013 | 23714753 |
| increased healthcare resource utilization for acute respiratory illness among latino infants. | to examine healthcare resource utilization for acute respiratory illness in latino infants compared with other racial/ethnic groups. | 2013 | 23706603 |
| swallowing and respiratory distress in hospitalized patients with bronchiolitis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of airway and/or pulmonary food or saliva aspiration in infants with moderate respiratory distress who are hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. this prospective, descriptive study was conducted during two epidemic rsv seasons at the ricardo gutiérrez children's hospital in buenos aires, argentina. included were otherwise healthy infants in their first wheezing episode with a modified tal clinical score between 5 and 9. ... | 2013 | 23689810 |
| molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus transmission in childcare. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of serious respiratory infections in young children. no prior studies using molecular techniques to examine rsv transmission in the community childcare setting have been performed. | 2013 | 23684816 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. | children with severe motor intellectual disabilities (smid) are at high risk of death from acute viral lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of viral lrti in children, there have been a few reports on the relationship between smid and the severity of rsv-lrti. the aim of the present study is to assess the influence of rsv-lrti in children with smid. a case-control study composed of children with smid (n = 18) and previously ... | 2013 | 23681154 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein-rna complex forms a left-handed helical nucleocapsid. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human pathogen. its nucleocapsid (nc), which comprises the negative sense rna viral genome coated by the viral nucleoprotein n, is a critical assembly that serves as template for both mrna synthesis and genome replication. we have previously described the x-ray structure of an nc-like structure: a decameric ring formed of n-rna that mimics one turn of the helical nc. in the absence of experimental data we had hypothesized that the nc helix would ... | 2013 | 23677789 |
| pi3k-delta mediates double-stranded rna-induced upregulation of b7-h1 in beas-2b airway epithelial cells. | airway viral infection disturbs the health-related quality of life. b7-h1 (also known as pd-l1) is a coinhibitory molecule associated with the escape of viruses from the mucosal immunity, leading to persistent infection. most respiratory viruses generate double-stranded (ds) rna during replication. the stimulation of cultured airway epithelial cells with an analog of viral dsrna, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly ic) upregulates the expression of b7-h1 via activation of the nuclear factor κb ... | 2013 | 23660190 |
| evaluation of simplexa flu a/b & rsv for direct detection of influenza viruses (a and b) and respiratory syncytial virus in patient clinical samples. | we evaluated the performance of the simplexa flu a/b & rsv kit on 170 prospective respiratory samples using a modified protocol, supplied by the manufacturer, that eliminates the rna extraction step. overall, compared against our laboratory-developed assay, the assay's sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 95.1%, 99.6%, 98.7%, and 98.6%, respectively. | 2013 | 23658256 |
| early-life wheezing and respiratory syncytial virus prevention. | | 2013 | 23656652 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze in healthy preterm infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with subsequent recurrent wheeze. observational studies cannot determine whether rsv infection is the cause of recurrent wheeze or the first indication of preexistent pulmonary vulnerability in preterm infants. the monoclonal antibody palivizumab has shown efficacy in preventing severe rsv infection in high-risk infants. | 2013 | 23656644 |
| impaired learning resulting from respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of respiratory illness in infants worldwide. neurologic alterations, such as seizures and ataxia, have been associated with rsv infection. we demonstrate the presence of rsv proteins and rna in zones of the brain--such as the hippocampus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, and brainstem--of infected mice. one month after disease resolution, rodents showed behavioral and cognitive impairment in marble burying (mb) and morris water maze (mwm) te ... | 2013 | 23650398 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus brainstem encephalitis in a 7-year-old boy]. | the literature reports that neurological complications of childhood respiratory diseases due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fluctuate between 1 and 40% of cases. they mostly involve central apnea - often the first symptom of infection - anoxia, and ischemic brain damage due to severe sudden weakness in infants, and seizures and consciousness disorders more or less associated with focalized neurological deficiency proving an encephalitis lesion. we report the case of brainstem encephalitis ... | 2013 | 23642896 |
| host and viral factors affecting clinical performance of a rapid diagnostic test for respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children. | respiratory syncytial virus rapid antigen detection tests (radt) are used widely. radt exhibited high specificity (97%) and moderate sensitivity (80%) compared with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 720 hospitalized children <3 years old. older age, prolonged symptoms, and respiratory syncytial virus genotype-b infection were significantly associated with false-negative results of radt. | 2013 | 23639327 |
| high human bocavirus viral load is associated with disease severity in children under five years of age. | human bocavirus (hbov) is a parvovirus and detected worldwide in lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis), but its pathogenic role in respiratory illness is still debatable due to high incidence of co-infection with other respiratory viruses. to determine the prevalence of hbov infection in patients with lrti in shanghai and its correlation with disease severity, we performed a 3-year prospective study of hbov in healthy controls, outpatients and inpatients under five years of age with x-ray d ... | 2013 | 23638038 |
| vertical transmission of respiratory syncytial virus modulates pre- and postnatal innervation and reactivity of rat airways. | environmental exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in infants, but it remains unknown whether this infection is transmitted transplacentally from the lungs of infected mothers to the offspring. we sought to test the hypothesis that rsv travels from the respiratory tract during pregnancy, crosses the placenta to the fetus, persists in the lung tissues of the offspring, and modulates pre- and postnatal expression of growth factors, thereby pred ... | 2013 | 23637810 |
| intranasal administration of antibody-bound respiratory syncytial virus particles efficiently primes virus-specific immune responses in mice. | infants are protected from a severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the first months of life by maternal antibodies or by prophylactically administered neutralizing antibodies. efforts are under way to produce rsv-specific antibodies with increased neutralizing capacity compared to the currently licensed palivizumab. while clearly beneficial during primary infections, preexisting antibodies might affect the onset of adaptive immune responses and the ability to resist subsequent rs ... | 2013 | 23637394 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in underserved populations and the association with unhealthy diets during pregnancy. | | 2013 | 23634858 |
| immune monitoring of children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | | 2013 | 23634732 |
| monoclonal antibody for reducing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most important viral pathogens causing acute respiratory infections in children. it results in about 3.4 million hospitalisations annually in children under five. palivizumab is an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody, administered intramuscularly at a dose of 15 mg/kg once every 30 days. the efficacy and safety of palivizumab has been evaluated in multicentre, randomised controlled trials (rcts) and a large number of economic evaluations (ees) have tested ... | 2013 | 23633336 |
| viral etiology of hospitalized acute lower respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age -- a systematic review and meta-analysis. | to estimate the proportional contribution of influenza viruses (iv), parainfluenza viruses (piv), adenoviruses (av), and coronaviruses (cv) to the burden of severe acute lower respiratory infections (alri). | 2013 | 23630140 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in children with cardiac disease: a retrospective single-centre study. | to examine the characteristics of congenital heart disease patients hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus infection after prophylaxis and determine the associated comorbidities and the incidence of breakthrough respiratory syncytial virus infections. | 2014 | 23628233 |
| structure of rsv fusion glycoprotein trimer bound to a prefusion-specific neutralizing antibody. | the prefusion state of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein is the target of most rsv-neutralizing activity in human sera, but its metastability has hindered characterization. to overcome this obstacle, we identified prefusion-specific antibodies that were substantially more potent than the prophylactic antibody palivizumab. the cocrystal structure for one of these antibodies, d25, in complex with the f glycoprotein revealed d25 to lock f in its prefusion state by binding to ... | 2013 | 23618766 |
| strategic priorities for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine development. | although rsv has been a high priority for vaccine development, efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine have yet to lead to a licensed product. clinical and epidemiologic features of rsv disease suggest there are at least 4 distinct target populations for vaccines, the rsv naïve young infant, the rsv naïve child ≥ 6 months of age, pregnant women (to provide passive protection to newborns), and the elderly. these target populations raise different safety and efficacy concerns and may requi ... | 2013 | 23598484 |
| a nonviral phema+chitosan nanosphere-mediated high-efficiency gene delivery system. | the transport of dna into eukaryotic cells is minimal because of the cell membrane barrier, and this limits the application of dna vaccines, gene silencing, and gene therapy. several available transfection reagents and techniques have been used to circumvent this problem. alternatively, nonviral nanoscale vectors have been shown to bypass the eukaryotic cell membrane. in the present work, we developed a unique nanomaterial, phema+chitosan nanospheres (pcnss), which consisted of poly(2-hydroxyeth ... | 2013 | 23610520 |
| [food intake during the previous 24h as a percentage of usual intake: a marker of hypoxia in infants with bronchiolitis: an observational, prospective, multicenter study]. | hypoxia associated with bronchiolitis is not always easy to assess on clinical grounds alone. the aim of this study was to determine the value of food intake during the previous 24h (bottle and spoon feeding), as a percentage of usual intake (24h fi), as a marker of hypoxia, and to compare its diagnostic value with that of usual clinical signs. | 2013 | 23602048 |
| nonreplicating vaccines can protect african green monkeys from the memphis 37 strain of respiratory syncytial virus. | we evaluated the immunological responses of african green monkeys immunized with multiple f and g protein-based vaccines and assessed protection against the memphis 37 strain of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2013 | 23596321 |
| cdk9-dependent transcriptional elongation in the innate interferon-stimulated gene response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in airway epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a negative-sense single-stranded rna virus responsible for lower respiratory tract infections. during infection, the presence of double-stranded rna (dsrna) activates the interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 3 (irf3) transcription factor, an event triggering expression of immediate early, ifn-stimulated genes (isgs). we examine the role of transcriptional elongation in control of irf3-dependent isg expression. rsv infection induces isg54, isg56, and cig5 gene e ... | 2013 | 23596302 |
| evaluation of an intranasal virosomal vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus in mice: effect of tlr2 and nod2 ligands on induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses. | rsv infection remains a serious threat to newborns and the elderly. currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent rsv infection. a mucosal rsv vaccine would be attractive as it could induce mucosal as well as systemic antibodies, capable of protecting both the upper and lower respiratory tract. previously, we reported on a virosomal rsv vaccine for intramuscular injection with intrinsic adjuvant properties mediated by an incorporated lipophilic toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) ligand. however, ... | 2013 | 23593453 |
| potential for palivizumab interference with commercially available antibody-antigen based respiratory syncytial virus diagnostic assays. | palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody indicated for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. the potential for palivizumab to interfere with commercially available respiratory syncytial virus diagnostic tests was demonstrated. negative test results in palivizumab-treated subjects should be interpreted with caution and confirmed by a nucleic acid amplification-based assay. | 2013 | 23584584 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces functional thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor in airway epithelial cells. | the epithelial-derived cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp) plays a key role in the development and progression of atopic disease and has notably been shown to directly promote the allergic inflammatory responses that characterize asthma. current models suggest that tslp is produced by epithelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli and acts primarily upon dendritic cells to effect a t helper type 2-type inflammatory response. recent reports, however, have shown that epithelial cell ... | 2013 | 23576878 |
| a virosomal respiratory syncytial virus vaccine adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid a provides protection against viral challenge without priming for enhanced disease in cotton rats. | non-replicating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine candidates could potentially prime for enhanced respiratory disease (erd) due to a t-cell-mediated immunopathology, following rsv infection. vaccines with built-in immune response modifiers, such as toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands, may avoid such aberrant imprinting of the immune system. | 2013 | 23575113 |
| impact of aerosolized ribavirin on mortality in 280 allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with respiratory syncytial virus infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are well recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-hsct) recipients. we evaluated the spectrum of clinical manifestations, management (including ribavirin-based antiviral therapy) and outcomes of rsv infections and determined the risk factors associated with rsv lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and all-cause mortality. | 2013 | 23572228 |
| rhinovirus infection and healthcare utilisation in prematurely born infants. | our aim was to determine whether rhinovirus (rv) lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in prematurely born infants increase health-related cost of care during infancy. 153 infants born at <36 weeks of gestation were prospectively followed to 1 year. cost of care was calculated from the national health service reference costing scheme and healthcare utilisation determined by examining hospital/general practitioner records. 20 infants developed rv lrtis (rv group), 17 respiratory syncytial vi ... | 2013 | 23563263 |
| eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels at 3 months post-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis are a predictive biomarker of recurrent wheezing. | to determine whether eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) is a predictive marker of recurrent wheezing episodes in post-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | 2013 | 23557131 |
| prospective validation of a prognostic model for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in late preterm infants: a multicenter birth cohort study. | this study aimed to update and validate a prediction rule for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization in preterm infants 33-35 weeks gestational age (wga). | 2013 | 23554987 |
| seasonal respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis based on predetermined dates versus regional surveillance data. | in ontario, canada, the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis period onset is defined by a fixed-date set provincially each year and offset by local hospital rsv admission activity. inaccurate timing can result in inadequate or more costly prophylaxis. | 2013 | 23546534 |
| il-4rα on cd4+ t cells plays a pathogenic role in respiratory syncytial virus reinfection in mice infected initially as neonates. | rsv is the major cause of severe bronchiolitis in infants, and severe bronchiolitis as a result of rsv is associated with subsequent asthma development. a biased th2 immune response is thought to be responsible for neonatal rsv pathogenesis; however, molecular mechanisms remain elusive. our data demonstrate, for the first time, that il-4rα is up-regulated in vitro on human cd4(+) t cells from cord blood following rsv stimulation and in vivo on mouse pulmonary cd4(+) t cells upon reinfection of m ... | 2013 | 23543769 |
| changes in infectious disease mortality in children during the past three decades. | our aim was to evaluate changes in infectious disease mortality in children in finland from 1969 to 2004. we especially wanted to find out whether infection mortality could be further reduced by means of existing vaccines not included in national vaccination program. | 2013 | 23538525 |
| risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus illness among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), although not typically considered an important pathogen in adults, may cause acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). it is unclear which copd patients are at highest risk for developing serious rsv illness. our objective was to identify risk factors for rsv illness among adult patients with copd. we conducted a pooled analysis of data from copd patients in 2 previously published longitudinal studies that examined rsv infection in hig ... | 2013 | 23536980 |
| rhinovirus wheezing illness and genetic risk of childhood-onset asthma. | both genetic variation at the 17q21 locus and virus-induced respiratory wheezing illnesses are associated with the development of asthma. our aim was to determine the effects of these two factors on the risk of asthma in the childhood origins of asthma (coast) and the copenhagen prospective study on asthma in childhood (copsac) birth cohorts. | 2013 | 23534543 |
| a label-free potentiometric sensor principle for the detection of antibody-antigen interactions. | we report here on a new potentiometric biosensing principle for the detection of antibody-antigen interactions at the sensing membrane surface without the need to add a label or a reporter ion to the sample solution. this is accomplished by establishing a steady-state outward flux of a marker ion from the membrane into the contacting solution. the immunobinding event at the sensing surface retards the marker ion, which results in its accumulation at the membrane surface and hence in a potential ... | 2013 | 23534536 |
| rapid antigen-based testing for respiratory syncytial virus: moving diagnostics from bench to bedside? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of infantile bronchiolitis and pneumonia. it is ubiquitous, with most children acquiring their primary infection within the first year of life and with subsequent reinfection occurring in all age groups. clinically, rsv is virtually indistinguishable from other viral respiratory infections. traditionally, the microbiologic diagnosis of rsv has been based on moderate to complex techniques performed in a laboratory (cell culture, nuclei ... | 2013 | 23534357 |
| experiences of alaskan parents with children hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus treatment. | the purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of alaskan parents with children hospitalized for the treatment of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). six parents participated in a qualitative descriptive study composed of individual interviews. using content analysis, three major themes emerged: "rsv is scary," "lots of stress; little rest" and "at what point does it become a bingo? he's going to the hospital." findings provided further insight into the educational needs of the par ... | 2013 | 23531460 |
| the innate immune system of the perinatal lung and responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the response of the preterm and newborn lung to airborne pathogens, particles, and other insults is initially dependent on innate immune responses since adaptive responses may not fully mature and require weeks for sufficient responses to antigenic stimuli. foreign material and microbial agents trigger soluble, cell surface, and cytoplasmic receptors that activate signaling cascades that invoke release of surfactant proteins, defensins, interferons, lactoferrin, oxidative products, and other inn ... | 2013 | 23528938 |
| [leukotriene and respiratory syncytial virus]. | | 2013 | 23527973 |
| lovastatin treatment mitigates the pro-inflammatory cytokine response in respiratory syncytial virus infected macrophage cells. | disease severity following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with inflammation due to enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and lung macrophage cells play a role in this process. in this study we evaluated the hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor lovastatin as an anti-inflammatory drug to control rsv-induced cytokine secretion in the murine raw 264.7 (raw) macrophage cell line and in primary murine lung macrophages. these cells could be efficiently ... | 2013 | 23523944 |
| three monthly doses of palivizumab are not adequate for 5-month protection: a population pharmacokinetic analysis. | recent guidelines in british columbia, canada have suggested that the use of a maximum of 3 monthly doses of palivizumab 15 mg/kg intramuscularly for rsv immunoprophylaxis of high risk infants born prior to the rsv season is adequate to provide protection against severe rsv disease for a 5-month rsv season. efficacy was established, however, with 2 large, randomized controlled clinical studies using 5 monthly doses of immunoprophylaxis. to evaluate the differences in expected palivizumab exposur ... | 2013 | 23523663 |
| respiratory syncytial virus interaction with human airway epithelium. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major human respiratory pathogen, our knowledge of how it causes disease in humans is limited. airway epithelial cells are the primary targets of rsv infection in vivo, so the generation and exploitation of rsv infection models based on morphologically and physiologically authentic well-differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface (wd-paecs) provide timely developments that will help to bridge this gap. h ... | 2013 | 23523320 |
| ciliary dyskinesia is an early feature of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of respiratory disease. there are conflicting accounts of the response of human epithelial cells to respiratory syncytial virus and a lack of data on its effect on ciliary function. our aim was to study the early stages of respiratory syncytial virus infection of primary human basal and ciliated cultures. using high speed videomicroscopy, we found that ciliary beat frequency was unaffected by respiratory syncytial virus infection over 72 h; however, c ... | 2014 | 23520320 |
| pneumomediastinum and subcutaneus emphysema - an uncommon presentation of respiratory-syncytial virus infection in an infant. | | 2013 | 23519751 |
| the effect of hybridization-induced secondary structure alterations on rna detection using backscattering interferometry. | backscattering interferometry (bsi) has been used to successfully monitor molecular interactions without labeling and with high sensitivity. these properties suggest that this approach might be useful for detecting biomarkers of infection. in this report, we identify interactions and characteristics of nucleic acid probes that maximize bsi signal upon binding the respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid gene rna biomarker. the number of base pairs formed upon the addition of oligonucleotide prob ... | 2013 | 23519610 |
| association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in infants and respiratory sequelae: systematic review and meta-analysis. | the association between hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy and asthma/wheezing in later life has long been studied. however, no published studies have combined systematic review and meta-analysis of existing evidence. | 2013 | 23518824 |
| rsv fusion: time for a new model. | in this review we propose a partially hypothetical model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) binding and entry to the cell that includes the recently discovered rsv receptor nucleolin, in an attempt to stimulate further inquiry in this research area. rsv binding and entry is likely to be a two-step process, the first involving the attachment of the virus to the cell membrane, which may be enhanced by electrostatic interactions with cellular glycoproteins/heparin and the viral g protein, and the ... | 2013 | 23518574 |