| modulation of gut physiology through enteric toxins. | diarrheal diseases caused by microorganisms and their toxins are a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. acute diarrhea is mainly caused due to increased intestinal secretion, commonly as a result of infection with enterotoxin producing organisms (enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholera) or due to decreased intestinal absorption from infection with organisms that damage the intestinal epithelium (enteropathogenic e. coli sp., shigella sp., salmonella sp.) the stud ... | 2003 | 14619951 |
| activation and suppression of the proinflammatory immune response by vibrio cholerae toxins. | vibrio cholerae induces either non-inflammatory diarrhea or inflammatory gastroenteritis, depending on the presence of cholera toxin, a fluid secretion inducer and a modulator of host immunity. in the absence of cholera toxin, other toxins induce inflammation, resulting in gastroenteritis. thus, multiple toxins likely affect the safety of live attenuated vaccines. | 2003 | 14623020 |
| hexaplex pcr for rapid detection of virulence factors. | pcr technology has emerged as a basic tool in biological research and in the detection of infectious organisms. it has the potential to provide information on a number of toxins and virulence factors, as well as allowing species identification of pathogens. multiplex pcr assays are becoming prevalent for the simultaneous detection of toxins, virulence factors and pathogens in clinical and environmental specimens. this review will discuss the hexaplex pcr assay, its application and future directi ... | 2003 | 14628905 |
| novel type of specialized transduction for ctx phi or its satellite phage rs1 mediated by filamentous phage vgj phi in vibrio cholerae. | the main virulence factor of vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin, is encoded by the ctxab operon, which is contained in the genome of the lysogenic filamentous phage ctx phi. this phage transmits ctxab genes between v. cholerae bacterial populations that express toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), the ctx phi receptor. in investigating new forms of ctxab transmission, we found that v. cholerae filamentous phage vgj phi, which uses the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) pilus as a receptor, transmi ... | 2003 | 14645284 |
| the role of camp as a primary and secondary messenger in interactions between micro- and macroorganisms studied in the model of pathology related to immunodeficiency and extensive cell dehydration. | | 2003 | 14650869 |
| comparative genome analysis of vibrio vulnificus, a marine pathogen. | the halophile vibrio vulnificus is an etiologic agent of human mortality from seafood-borne infections. we applied whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis to investigate the evolution of this pathogen. the genome of biotype 1 strain, v. vulnificus yj016, was sequenced and includes two chromosomes of estimated 3377 kbp and 1857 kbp in size, and a plasmid of 48,508 bp. a super-integron (si) was identified, and the si region spans 139 kbp and contains 188 gene cassettes. in contrast to non ... | 2003 | 14656965 |
| prevalence of cholera toxin genes (ctxa and zot) among non-o1/o139 vibrio cholerae strains from newport bay, california. | the examination of 137 non-o1/o139 vibrio cholerae isolates from newport bay, california, indicated the presence of diverse genotypes and a temporal succession. unexpectedly, the cholera toxin gene (ctxa) was found in 17% of the strains, of which one-third were also positive for the zot gene. this suggests that ctxa is prevalent in the region of nonepidemicity and is likely to have an environmental origin. | 2003 | 14660411 |
| lipopolysaccharide 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) core determines bacterial association of secreted toxins. | in contrast to cholera toxin (ct), which is secreted solubly by vibrio cholerae across the outer membrane, heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) is retained on the surface of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) via an interaction with lipopolysaccharide (lps). we examined the nature of the association between lt and lps. soluble lt binds to the surface of lps deep-rough biosynthesis mutants but not to lipid a, indicating that only the kdo (3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid) core is required for bindin ... | 2004 | 14660669 |
| a monooxygenase catalyzes sequential dechlorinations of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by oxidative and hydrolytic reactions. | ralstonia eutropha jmp134 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-tcp) 4-monooxygenase catalyzes sequential dechlorinations of 2,4,6-tcp to 6-chlorohydroxyquinol. although 2,6-dichlorohydroxyquinol is a logical metabolic intermediate, the enzyme hardly uses it as a substrate, implying it may not be a true intermediate. evidence is provided to support the proposition that the monooxygenase oxidized 2,4,6-tcp to 2,6-dichloroquinone that remained with the enzyme and got hydrolyzed to 2-chlorohydroxyquinone, w ... | 2004 | 14662756 |
| accuracy of six commercially available systems for identification of members of the family vibrionaceae. | six commercially available bacterial identification products were tested with vibrio alginolyticus (12 strains), v. cholerae (30 strains), photobacterium (vibrio) damselae (10 strains), v. fluvialis (10 strains), v. furnissii (4 strains), v. hollisae (10 strains), v. metschnikovii (9 strains), v. mimicus (10 strains), v. parahaemolyticus (30 strains), and v. vulnificus (10 strains) to determine the accuracy of each system for identification. the products included api 20e, crystal e/nf, microscan ... | 2003 | 14662957 |
| ultrastructural changes in smooth muscle cells of the small intestine in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera. | ultrastructural study of the small intestine in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera revealed involvement of the inner and outer smooth muscle layers into the pathological process. smooth muscle cells were characterized by vacuolar and fatty degeneration and focal colliquative necrosis. apoptosis played little role in gastrointestinal motility disturbances. the presence of considerable amounts of fluid in intestinal loops reflects peristaltic dysfunction due to generalized damage to smooth ... | 2003 | 14666201 |
| [microbiological quality of street-vendor ice cream in dakar]. | during a multicenter study initiated by the international network of pasteur institutes and associated institutes, microbiological quality of street-vended ice creams in dakar was evaluated. 313 samples of ice creams from 170 street-vendors were collected and tested for common foodborne pathogens and indicator organisms. results showed that microbiological quality of 45% of tested samples was unsatisfactory because of large populations of aerobic mesophilic organisms (36.7%), thermotolerant coli ... | 2000 | 14666784 |
| characterizing gene sets with funcassociate. | summary: funcassociate is a web-based tool to help researchers use gene ontology attributes to characterize large sets of genes derived from experiment. distinguishing features of funcassociate include the ability to handle ranked input lists, and a monte carlo simulation approach that is more appropriate to determine significance than other methods, such as bonferroni or idák p-value correction. funcassociate currently supports 10 organisms (vibrio cholerae, shewanella oneidensis, saccharomyces ... | 2003 | 14668247 |
| one-pot preparation of a series of glycoconjugates with predetermined antigen-carrier ratio from oligosaccharides that mimic the o-ps of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa. | di-through the pentasaccharide that mimic the upstream terminus of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa were synthesized in the form of 5-methoxycarbonylpentyl glycosides and linked to bsa using squaric acid diester chemistry. the conjugation reactions were monitored by surface-enhanced laser-desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (seldi-tof ms), which allowed conducting the conjugation of the synthetic oligosaccharides in a controlled way and term ... | 2003 | 14670719 |
| sensitivity of vibrio species in phosphate-buffered saline and in oysters to high-pressure processing. | multiple strains of vibrio vulnificus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio cholerae non-o1 were tested in phosphate-buffered saline for their sensitivity to high-pressure processing (hpp). variability in sensitivity among strains was observed for all species; this variability decreased at higher pressures. v. vulnificus was the species that was most sensitive to treatment at 200 mpa (decimal reduction time [d] = 26 s), and v. cholerae was the species that was most resistant to treatment at 200 m ... | 2003 | 14672224 |
| relationship between the effects of stress induced by human bile juice and acid treatment in vibrio cholerae. | the effects of low ph and human bile juice on vibrio cholerae were investigated. a mild stress condition (exposure to acid shock at ph 5.5 or exposure to 3 mg of bile per ml for 20 min) slightly decreased (by < or = 1 log unit) v. cholerae cell viability. however, these treatments induced tolerance to subsequent exposures to more severe stress. in the o1 strain, four proteins were induced in response to acid shock (ca. 101, 94, 90, and 75 kda), whereas only one protein (ca. 101 kda) was induced ... | 2003 | 14672225 |
| the intestinal zonula occludens toxin (zot) receptor recognises non-native zot conformers and localises to the intercellular contacts. | a preliminary structural analysis of vibrio cholerae zonula occludens toxin (zot) was made by equilibrium denaturation and circular dichroism. zot is a structurally unstable protein in aqueous solution (deltag((h2o)) 3.82 kcal/mol), the putative intra- and extracellular domains unfold co-operatively, with complete denaturation via observed conformational intermediates. refolding of denatured zot is not dependent on disulphide bridge formation. partial refolding of a maltose binding protein-zot f ... | 2003 | 14675787 |
| evaluation of novel beta-ribosidase substrates for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria. | to synthesize novel substrates for the detection of beta-ribosidase and assess their potential for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria. | 2004 | 14678171 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to e1 tor toxin co-regulated pilus of vibrio cholerae. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against vibrio cholerae toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) were generated using conventional hybridoma procedures. four hybridomas were obtained and two characterized. hybridomas 10e10e1 and 4d6f9 secreted antibodies of the igg2a and igg1 isotypes, respectively, that reacted with a 24-kda antigen corresponding to the product of the el tor tcpa gene fused to a six histidine tail. additionally, mabs produced by 4d6f9 selectively recognized the major pilin subunit (t ... | 2003 | 14678649 |
| an outbreak of vibrio cholerae o1 infections on ebeye island, republic of the marshall islands, associated with use of an adequately chlorinated water source. | in december 2000, physicians in the republic of the marshall islands reported the first known outbreak of vibrio cholerae o1 infection (biotype el tor, serotype ogawa) from this country. in a matched case-control study on ebeye island, patients with cholera (n=53) had greater odds than persons without cholera (n=104) to have drunk adequately chlorinated water collected from a us military installation on neighboring kwajalein island and transported back to ebeye (matched odds ratio [mor], 8.0; p= ... | 2004 | 14679441 |
| chironomid egg masses as a natural reservoir of vibrio cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 in freshwater habitats. | cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae, and an estimated 120,000 deaths from cholera occur globally every year. the natural reservoir of the bacterium is environmental. a recent report indicated an association between v. cholerae and chironomid egg masses. chironomids, the "non-biting midges" (diptera; chironomidae), are the most widely distributed and frequently the most abundant insects in freshwater. females attach egg masses, each containing hund ... | 2004 | 14681736 |
| acute dehydrating disease caused by vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 induce increases in innate cells and inflammatory mediators at the mucosal surface of the gut. | the general concept is that as vibrio cholerae is not invasive, it mediates a non-inflammatory type of infection. this is being re-evaluated based on available data that natural cholera infection or cholera toxin induces a th2-type of immune profile and stimulates the humoral immune response, innate cells, and mediators in the host. | 2004 | 14684578 |
| induction of interleukin-8 in t84 cells by vibrio cholerae. | the induction of interleukin-8 (il-8) in vitro has been suggested to correlate with the reactogenicity of vibrio cholerae vaccine candidates. v. cholerae vaccine candidate 638, a hemagglutinin protease/hap-defective strain, was recently reported to be well tolerated in human volunteers, suggesting a role for hap in reactogenicity. we examined the role of hap in the induction of il-8 in intestinal epithelial t84 cells. wild-type v. cholerae strains 3038 and c7258 and a vaccine candidate strain, j ... | 2004 | 14688120 |
| sos response promotes horizontal dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. | mobile genetic elements have a crucial role in spreading antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial populations. environmental and genetic factors that regulate conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial populations are largely unknown. integrating conjugative elements (ices) are a diverse group of mobile elements that are transferred by means of cell-cell contact and integrate into the chromosome of the new host. sxt is a approximately 100-kilobase ice derived from vibrio ... | 2004 | 14688795 |
| description of a putative type i secretion system in legionella pneumophila. | here we describe the first putative type i secretion system of l. pneumophila. the lssxyzabd locus was found to be present in all l. pneumophila strains tested so far. the lssb and lssd proteins are homologues to the proteins of type i secretion systems of vibrio cholerae and salmonella typhi. the expression of the gene locus was analysed by rt-pcr. three polycistronic transcripts could be identified. comparison of the lss locus of l. pneumophila philadelphia i with that of l. pneumophila corby ... | 2003 | 14695063 |
| [septicemia caused by vibrio cholerae non-01 in immunocompromised patient]. | we describe the remarkable case of a patient with septicemia caused by non 0-1 vibrio cholerae associated with skin lesion of the lower and upper extremities. this patient suffered from chronic liver disease and a cervix carcinoma in iiib stage, she had been admitted to the hospital the day before for dicompensated ascites. she received intravenous cefotaxime and had a satisfactory recovery and was completely free of signs and symptoms. we report its epidemiological discovery in inland freshwate ... | 2003 | 14697085 |
| synthesis and evaluation as sialidase inhibitors of xylo-configured cyclohexenephosphonates carrying glycerol side-chain mimics. | based on a strategy previously reported by us, we have synthesized d-xylo configured cyclohexenephosphonates designed to mimic the transition state of the sialidase reaction. the double bond orientation corresponds to the benchmark inhibitor neu5ac2en and we could selectively introduce hydroxyalkyl substituents in order to simulate the glycerol side-chain of neuraminic acid. the inhibitory activity of a set of compounds towards bacterial sialidases was tested and interesting differences in activ ... | 2004 | 14698159 |
| the chitinolytic cascade in vibrios is regulated by chitin oligosaccharides and a two-component chitin catabolic sensor/kinase. | chitin, a highly insoluble polymer of glcnac, is produced in massive quantities in the marine environment. fortunately for survival of aquatic ecosystems, chitin is rapidly catabolized by marine bacteria. here we describe a bacterial two-component hybrid sensor/kinase (of the arcb type) that rigorously controls expression of approximately 50 genes, many involved in chitin degradation. the sensor gene, chis, was identified in vibrio furnissii and vibrio cholerae (predicted amino acid sequences, f ... | 2004 | 14699052 |
| [relevant vaccination for travellers]. | | 2003 | 14699803 |
| structural and genetic characterization of the shigella boydii type 13 o antigen. | shigella is an important human pathogen. it is generally agreed that shigella and escherichia coli constitute a single species; the only exception is shigella boydii type 13, which is more distantly related to e. coli and other shigella forms and seems to represent another species. this gives s. boydii type 13 an important status in evolution. o antigen is the polysaccharide part of the lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and plays an important role in pathogenicit ... | 2004 | 14702307 |
| the acnd genes of shewenella oneidensis and vibrio cholerae encode a new fe/s-dependent 2-methylcitrate dehydratase enzyme that requires prpf function in vivo. | the propionate utilization operons of several bacteria differ from each other in the occurrence of two genes, acnd and prpf, in place of or in addition to the prpd gene encoding an fe/s-independent 2-methylcitrate dehydratase enzyme. we cloned the acnd and prpf genes from two organisms, shewanella oneidensis and vibrio cholerae, and found that, together, the acnd and prpf proteins restored the ability of a prpd mutant strain of salmonella enterica to grow on propionate as a source of carbon and ... | 2004 | 14702315 |
| vibrio cholerae thiol peroxidase-glutaredoxin fusion is a 2-cys tsa/ahpc subfamily acting as a lipid hydroperoxide reductase. | recently, novel hybrid thiol peroxidase (tpx) proteins fused with a glutaredoxin (grx) were found from some pathogenic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and anaerobic sulfur-oxidizing phototroph. the phylogenic tree analysis that was constructed from the aligned sequences showed two major branches. haemophilus influenzae tpx.grx was grouped in one branch as a 1-cys subfamily of the thiol-specific antioxident protein/ahpc family. most tpx.grx proteins, including vibrio cholerae tpx.grx, were grouped in th ... | 2004 | 14702341 |
| integrons or super integrons? | | 2004 | 14702391 |
| first report of vibrio cholerae infection from andaman and nicobar, india. | out of 34 stool samples collected during an outbreak of diarrhoea, vibrio cholerae 01 was isolated from 10 samples contrary to earlier reports that shigella species was the only cause of diarrhoeal disease in andaman & nicobar islands. | 2002 | 14710858 |
| inactive vibrio cholerae whole-cell vaccine-loaded biodegradable microparticles: in vitro release and oral vaccination. | an approach is proposed using vibrio cholerae (vc)-loaded microparticles as oral vaccine delivery systems for improved vaccine bioavailability and increased therapeutic efficacy. the vc-loaded microparticles were prepared with 50:50 poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (plg), 75:25 poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactide acid) (pla)/peg blend copolymers by the solvent evaporation method. vc was successfully entrapped in three types of microparticles with loading efficiencies and loading levels a ... | 2004 | 14718189 |
| molecular-genetic peculiarities of classical biotype vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of the last outbreak asiatic cholera in russia. | molecular-genetic properties of classical biotype vibrio cholerae strains that caused the asiatic cholera outbreak in 1942 in russia have been investigated for the first time. being characterized by high-level production of cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated adhesion pili both of which are the major virulence factors, all the strains studied, in contrast to the typical cholera pathogens, were autographic requiring purine and/or amino acids added to the minimal medium for their growth. moreover, ... | 2004 | 14726230 |
| in situ measured elimination of vibrio cholerae from brackish water. | in situ elimination of fluorescently labelled vibrio cholerae (flb) was measured in two saline water bodies in mexico: in a brackish water lagoon, mecoacán (gulf of mexico; state of tabasco) and an athalassohaline lake, alchichica (state of puebla). disappearance rates of fluorescently labelled v. cholera o1 showed that they were eliminated from the environment at an average rate of 32% and 63%/day, respectively (based on the bacterial standing stocks). the indirect immunofluorescence method con ... | 2004 | 14728617 |
| role of the w07-toxin on vibrio cholerae-induced diarrhoea. | vibrio cholerae w07 strain isolated from a cholera epidemic in south india, lacked the ctx gene but could still secrete a novel toxin, the w07-toxin that could cause fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loop. the important intracellular messengers implicated in this study were ca(2+), cyclic amp, inositol triphosphate and protein kinase c (pkc). a number of inhibitors/channel blockers have further shown the major role of [ca(2+)](i) in modulation of the toxin-induced cellular response. an ... | 2004 | 14729143 |
| role of exopolysaccharide, the rugose phenotype and vpsr in the pathogenesis of epidemic vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera can produce an exopolysaccharide (eps). some strains can also phenotypically switch from a smooth to a 'rugose' phenotype characterized by small wrinkled colonies, overproduction of eps, increased biofilm formation in vitro and increased resistance to various stressful conditions. high frequency switching to the rugose phenotype is more common in epidemic strains than in non-pathogenic strains, suggesting eps production and the rugose phenotype are ... | 2004 | 14734172 |
| cholera control on guam, 2000. | during april, 2000, the island of pohnpei began experiencing an outbreak of cholera and during june and july of the same year four cases of cholera representing 3 separate introduction events were identified on guam. two of these events were associated with eating reef fish imported from pohnpei. following the imposition of a narrowly-focused ban on the importation of inshore seafood and processed food products from pohnpei, no additional local or imported cases of cholera were detected on guam. | 2002 | 14736099 |
| cholera. | intestinal infection with vibrio cholerae results in the loss of large volumes of watery stool, leading to severe and rapidly progressing dehydration and shock. without adequate and appropriate rehydration therapy, severe cholera kills about half of affected individuals. cholera toxin, a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase, causes the intestine to secrete watery fluid rich in sodium, bicarbonate, and potassium, in volumes far exceeding the intestinal absorptive capacity. cholera has spread fr ... | 2004 | 14738797 |
| amlodipine: a cardiovascular drug with powerful antimicrobial property. | ten cardiovascular drugs were procured in pure form from their manufacturers in india and screened for antimicrobial property against fifteen known bacteria belonging to both gram-positive and gram-negative types. these bacteria were inhibited by the common antibiotics at 1-5 mg ml(-1) level through our earlier studies. since most of the bacteria were moderate to highly responsive to amlodipine, this compound was further tested in vitro against 504 bacteria comprising 4 genera of gram-positive a ... | 2003 | 14743981 |
| solution structure of the highly acidic protein hi1450 from haemophilus influenzae, a putative double-stranded dna mimic. | the solution structure of the acidic protein hi1450 from haemophilus influenzae has been determined by nmr spectroscopy. hi1450 has homologues in ten other bacterial species including escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, and yersinia pestis but there are no functional assignments for any members of the family. thirty-one of the amino acids in this 107-residue protein are aspartates or glutamates, contributing to an unusually low pi of 3.72. the secondary structure elements are arranged in an alpha ... | 2004 | 14747986 |
| a recent outbreak of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa in & around chandigarh, north india. | an outbreak of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa occurred in and around chandigarh during july 22-31, 2002. of the 303 patients admitted to two hospitals, 82 were confirmed by culture. two rehabilitation colonies located at the periphery of chandigarh were mainly affected. the isolates were biotyped as eltor and were susceptible to many antibiotics. thirty one (35.2%) of 88 water samples showed evidence of faecal contamination. the survey of the area revealed sewage contamination of the ... | 2003 | 14748469 |
| the role of bacterial and non-bacterial toxins in the induction of changes in membrane transport: implications for diarrhea. | bacterial toxins induce changes in membrane transport which underlie the loss of electrolyte homeostasis associated with diarrhea. bacterial- and their secreted toxin-types which have been linked with diarrhea include: (a) vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin, e1 tor hemolysin and accessory cholera enterotoxin); (b) escherichia coli (heat stable enterotoxin, heat-labile enterotoxin and colicins); (c) shigella dysenteriae (shiga-toxin); (d) clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens enterotoxin, alpha-tox ... | 2003 | 14757199 |
| translocation of protein kinase-c with ip3-induced calcium mobilization by heat-stable enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae non-o1 in isolated rat enterocytes. | the activity of the calcium- and phospholipid-dependent enzyme protein kinase c (pkc) in response to heat-stable enterotoxin (nag-st) of vibrio cholerae non-o1 was examined in isolated rat enterocytes. optimal stimulation of the membrane-bound pkc activity (about 4.3-fold) was observed after 1 min of incubation of cells with 10 ng/ml toxin; and the effects were dose dependent. following nag-st treatment an increase in pkc activity in the membrane fraction was found with a concomitant decrease in ... | 2003 | 14760972 |
| genetic diversity and virulence potential of environmental vibrio cholerae population in a cholera-endemic area. | to understand the evolutionary events and possible selection mechanisms involved in the emergence of pathogenic vibrio cholerae, we analyzed diverse strains of v. cholerae isolated from environmental waters in bangladesh by direct enrichment in the intestines of adult rabbits and by conventional laboratory culture. strains isolated by conventional culture were mostly (99.2%) negative for the major virulence gene clusters encoding toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) and cholera toxin (ct) and were nonp ... | 2004 | 14766976 |
| [recent acquisitions in the classification and identification of cholerigenic vibrios]. | | 1950 | 14772152 |
| studies on antigenic structure of cholera vibrio. | | 1950 | 14774991 |
| antigenic structure of the cholera vibrio and protective power of the vaccine. | | 1950 | 14792267 |
| [antigenic relations between vibrio cholera and brucella]. | | 1950 | 14799975 |
| the use of filtrates of vibrio cholerae in the classification of influenza virus strains. | | 1950 | 14801364 |
| [use of raw filtrate of vibrio cholerae in serodiagnosis of influenza with the antihemagglutinin test]. | | 1950 | 14806605 |
| serologic crossreactivity of some enterobacteriaceae isolated in the united states with cholera vibrios. | | 1951 | 14854021 |
| in vitro sensitivity of recently isolated cholera vibrios to ten antibiotics. | | 1951 | 14854022 |
| [antigenic factors of cholera vibrio and their determination by microscopic agglutination]. | | 1951 | 14857440 |
| studies on recently isolated cholera vibrios; re-evaluation of culture methods. | | 1951 | 14861176 |
| [antibiotic and formol killed antigens in production of serum agglutinating vibrio comma]. | | 1951 | 14864942 |
| [mucinase activity of cholera vibrio on mucin of submaxillary gland]. | | 1951 | 14869465 |
| the use of v. cholerae filtrates in the destruction of non-specific inhibitor in ferret sera. | | 1951 | 14886492 |
| [obtaining dwarf forms (l forms) from a strain of cholera vibrio subjected to the action of penicillin]. | | 1951 | 14887161 |
| [use of a complementary biochemical test for identification of the cholera vibrio]. | | 1951 | 14894898 |
| studies on bacterial hemagglutination of chick erythrocytes. iii. effects of the somatic components of v. cholerae on hemagglutination of influenza virus. | | 1951 | 14918349 |
| [the l forms of vibrio comma; a study on certain of their properties]. | | 1951 | 14921837 |
| the effect of calcium and electrolytes on the enzymic action of influenza viruses and v. cholerae extract. | | 1952 | 14935083 |
| [microchromatographic research on the free amino acids of vibrio cholerae]. | | 1951 | 14935670 |
| [effect of filtrates of vibrio cholerae culture on influenza virus receptors]. | | 1951 | 14936360 |
| a new test for the identification of roughness in vibrio cholerae. | | 1951 | 14937758 |
| the influence of treating ferret influenza antisera with enzymes of crude filtrate of vibrio cholerae on the titre of the antibodies. | | 1952 | 14944169 |
| [changes in the erythrocytes caused by vibrio cholerae and by trypsin]. | | 1952 | 14951511 |
| glycerol as a nutritive for vibrio cholerae. | | 1952 | 14957061 |
| evaluation of a rapd-based typing scheme in a molecular epidemiology study of vibrio cholerae o1, brazil. | to evaluate the utility of random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) technique for routine practice in public health laboratories for epidemiological studies of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates. | 2004 | 14962124 |
| expression of cholera toxin under non-aki conditions in vibrio cholerae el tor induced by increasing the exposed surface of cultures. | the regulatory systems controlling expression of the ctxab genes encoding cholera toxin (ct) in the classical and el tor biotypes of pathogenic vibrio cholerae have been characterized and found to be almost identical. notwithstanding this, special in vitro conditions, called aki conditions, are required for el tor bacteria to produce ct. the aki conditions involve biphasic cultures. in phase 1 the organism is grown in a still tube for 4 h. in phase 2 the medium is poured into a flask to continue ... | 2004 | 14973024 |
| vpst is a transcriptional regulator required for expression of vps biosynthesis genes and the development of rugose colonial morphology in vibrio cholerae o1 el tor. | vibrio cholerae switches between smooth and rugose colonial variants. the rugose variant produces more vibrio polysaccharides (vps(el tor)) and forms well-developed biofilms. both phenotypes depend on expression of vps biosynthesis genes. we identified a positive transcriptional regulator of vps gene expression, vpst, which is homologous to response regulators of two-component regulatory systems. disruption of vpst in the rugose variant yields smooth colonies, prevents formation of mature biofil ... | 2004 | 14973043 |
| paneth cell alpha-defensins from rhesus macaque small intestine. | antimicrobial peptides are secreted by small intestinal paneth cells as components of innate immunity. to investigate the role of alpha-defensins in enteric host defenses in nonhuman primates, alpha-defensin cdnas were isolated, alpha-defensin peptides were purified from rhesus macaque small bowel, and the bactericidal activities of the peptides were measured. six rhesus enteric alpha-defensin (red) cdnas, red-1 to red-6, were identified in a jejunum cdna library; the deduced red peptides exhibi ... | 2004 | 14977952 |
| detection of antibodies to toxin-coregulated pili in sera from cholera patients. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against toxin-coregulated pili (tcp) isolated from vibrio cholerae o1 el tor. despite their limited bactericidal potential, two mabs were able to mediate biotype-specific protection against experimental cholera in infant mice. these mabs were used in immunoblotting studies to assess seroconversion to el tor tcp following cholera. clear anti-pilus responses were observed in five of nine patients. | 2004 | 14977996 |
| cloning and sequencing of the ura3 and ura5 genes, and isolation and characterization of uracil auxotrophs of the fungus mortierella alpina 1s-4. | the oil-producing fungus mortierella alpina 1s-4 is an industrial strain. in order to prepare host strains for a transformation system for this fungus, six uracil auxotrophs were obtained by means of random mutation with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng). when the activities of orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (oprtase, ec 2.4.2.10) and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ompdecase, ec 4.1.1.23) were examined in the mutants and wild strain, oprtase activity was found to be complete ... | 2004 | 14981288 |
| the vibrio cholerae chitin utilization program. | chitin, an insoluble polymer of glcnac, is an abundant source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for marine microorganisms. microarray expression profiling and mutational studies of vibrio cholerae growing on a natural chitin surface, or with the soluble chitin oligosaccharides (glcnac)(2-6), glcnac, or the glucosamine dimer (glcn)2 identified three sets of differentially regulated genes. we show that (i) chis, a sensor histidine kinase, regulates expression of the (glcnac)(2-6) gene set, including ... | 2004 | 14983042 |
| [study on biology and epidemiological characteristics of vibrio cholerae non-o1 strains isolated from environmental waters in foshan city]. | to study the distribution of serotype and the positive rate of toxins among vibrio cholerae non-o(1) isolated from environmental waters in foshan city. | 2004 | 14989907 |
| kinetic mechanism of asparagine synthetase from vibrio cholerae. | asparagine synthetase b (asnb) catalyzes the formation of asparagine in an atp-dependent reaction using glutamine or ammonia as a nitrogen source. to obtain a better understanding of the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme, we report the cloning, expression, and kinetic analysis of the glutamine- and ammonia-dependent activities of asnb from vibrio cholerae. initial velocity, product inhibition, and dead-end inhibition studies were utilized in the construction of a model for the kinetic mechanism ... | 2004 | 14990305 |
| visualization of tumors and metastases in live animals with bacteria and vaccinia virus encoding light-emitting proteins. | we have shown that bacteria injected intravenously into live animals entered and replicated in solid tumors and metastases. the tumor-specific amplification process was visualized in real time using luciferase-catalyzed luminescence and green fluorescent protein fluorescence, which revealed the locations of the tumors and metastases. escherichia coli and three attenuated pathogens (vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes) all entered tumors and replicated. similarly, ... | 2004 | 14990953 |
| occurrence of inhibitory compounds in spent growth media that interfere with acid-tolerance mechanisms of enteric pathogens. | understanding the acid-tolerance ability of enteric human pathogens is critical in determining microbial food safety and the associated risk. we have discovered naturally occurring compounds in the spent growth media, which inhibit the acid-tolerance ability of several enteric human pathogens when challenged at ph 3.0 for 2 h at 37 degrees c. the compounds were detected in the spent growth media obtained from escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and vibrio cholera, but not from shigella fl ... | 2004 | 14996461 |
| characterization of a cholera toxin gene-negative clinical strain of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | | 2004 | 15004127 |
| nadh oxidation by the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae: functional role of the nqrf subunit. | the na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae is a six subunit enzyme containing four flavins and a single motif for the binding of a fe-s cluster on its nqrf subunit. this study reports the production of a soluble variant of nqrf (nqrf') and its individual flavin and fe-s-carrying domains using v. cholerae or escherichia coli as expression hosts. nqrf' and the flavin domain each contain 1 mol of fad/mol of enzyme and exhibit high nadh oxidation activity (20,000 microm ... | 2004 | 15010474 |
| molecular characterisation of rough strains of vibrio cholerae isolated from diarrhoeal cases in india and their comparison to smooth strains. | sixteen of the 18 vibrio cholerae rough strains isolated from hospitalised diarrhoea patients were found to contain o1 serotype-specific (wbe) genes and all currently known virulence genes. expression of the regulatory element toxr was evident in these strains. cholera toxin production ability of the rough strains was found to be higher (c. three- to five-fold) as compared to the smooth counterparts and this was transcriptionally regulated. strains exhibiting the rough phenotype were more amenab ... | 2004 | 15019730 |
| [analysis of virulent and avirulent strains of vibrio cholerae by the nest polymerase chain reaction]. | the detection of cholera enterotoxin in environmental objects and isolation of patients are considered to be the most reliable indices of that the cholera agent is present. described in the case study is a method of nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on amplifying the ctxa gene fragment coding subunit a of enterotoxin. a possibility was shown to use the above method to confirm the virulence of strains vibrio cholerae isolated from different sources. the method was tested with 18 virule ... | 2004 | 15022616 |
| role of cell surface antigens of vibrio cholerae 01 and non 01 serovars in intestinal adhesion. | decrease in adherence of vibrio cholerae to rabbit small intestine was observed following treatment with antisera against outer membrane (om), lipopolysaccharide (lps) and flagella. anti lps antibodies were more efficient than the other two antibodies in inducing adherence inhibition and promoting in vivo protection. | 2003 | 15022934 |
| [experimental non-culturable vibrio cholerae eltor and its biological properties]. | in experiments with the cultivation of v. cholerae eltor under the conditions of high salt concentration, as well as low temperature and deficiency in nutrient substances, uncultivable forms (uf) of toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrios were obtained. the absence of growth of seeded vibrios after the filtration of samples (with a filter of 0.22 micron), the preservation of specific antigenic determinants and the initial set of genes, changes in the morphology of cells (small size, coccoid form with ... | 2004 | 15024974 |
| [the genome polymorphism of vibrio cholerae ctxab(-) strains, containing the proximal part of the ctx element]. | the comparative analysis of the hybridization patterns of dna restricts for 20 v. cholerae, groups 01 and non-01 (non-0139), containing the incomplete ctx element (ctxab-) was carried out with the use of probes, complementary to the genes of the proximal part of the virulence cassettle and flanking its rs1 sequences. this group was found to be heterogeneous both in the number of copies of "truncated" ctx prophage and their localizations in the genome, as well as in the position of the sites of r ... | 2004 | 15024976 |
| [variable nucleotide tandem repeats (vntr analysis) in vibrio cholerae 0139 isolated from humans and from water of surface reservoirs in russia]. | the comparative study of variable tandem repeats (vntr analysis) in genomes of v. cholerae 0139 isolated from humans and from water samples taken from surface reservoirs was carried out. the results of the study of the allele state of 5 loci of tandem repeats in 50 strains of vibrios, carried out in the double-primer polymerase chain reaction (pcr), as well as the earlier comparison of the same isolates in the single-primer pcr, showed essential differences and the absence of clonality in the cu ... | 2004 | 15024977 |
| incidence of vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 infection with low virulence in hubli, karnataka (india). | 384 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis were processed by standard culture techniques and antibiogram of v. cholerae was performed. stool samples from 93 (24.22%) patients yielded v. cholerae, 58 (62.37%) of which were v. cholerae, el tor o1 ogawa, 31 (33.33%) v. cholerae o139 and 4 (4.30%) v. cholerae non o1 non o139. of the culture proven cholera cases watery diarrhoea was observed in 79 (84.95%), vomiting in 57(61.29%), muscle cramps in 21 (22.58%) and sweating in 18 (19.35 ... | 2003 | 15027758 |
| prevention of cholera. | | 2004 | 15031046 |
| both chemotaxis and net motility greatly influence the infectivity of vibrio cholerae. | the role of chemotaxis in the virulence of gastrointestinal pathogens is ill defined. counterintuitively, nonchemotactic mutants of the polarly flagellated pathogen vibrio cholerae greatly out-compete the wild-type strain during infection of the small intestine. we show that the out-competition phenotype is dependent on the direction of flagellar rotation and independent of toxin co-regulated pilus function. specifically, the out-competition associated with the loss of chemotaxis required the pr ... | 2004 | 15037750 |
| rice-ors versus glucose-ors in management of severe cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139 bengal: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. | this study examined the comparative efficacies of rice-based oral rehydration solution (r-ors) and glucose-based oral rehydration solution (g-ors) in the management of severe cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139 bengal that causes epidemic cholera in many developing countries. stool culture-proved adult male patients with severe cholera due to v. cholerae o139 bengal were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either r-ors or g-ors after their initial rehydration with intravenous (i.v.) flui ... | 2003 | 15038587 |
| spatiotemporal analysis of acid adaptation-mediated vibrio cholerae hyperinfectivity. | acid adaptation has previously been shown to increase the infectivity of vibrio cholerae in the infant mouse model. to better understand this phenomenon, we monitored the spatial distribution and temporal changes in the ratios of acid-adapted cells to unadapted v. cholerae cells in the small intestine, as well as the timing of virulence factor expression. we found that the competitive advantage afforded by acid adaptation does not become manifest until greater than 3 h postinfection; thus, acid ... | 2004 | 15039369 |
| functional lipid microstructures immobilized on a gold electrode for voltammetric biosensing of cholera toxin. | redox functionalized microstructures of diacetylene lipids containing cell surface ligand gm1 have been prepared for the construction of an electrochemical biosensor for cholera toxin from vibrio cholerae. incorporation of lipid molecules with disulfide functionality into the microstructures allows for firm attachment of the microstructures on a gold surface to form a sensing interface. the observed morphology of the microstructures is platelet, with size around 240 nm as determined by dynamic l ... | 2004 | 15042161 |
| cholera outbreaks continue. | | 2004 | 15051690 |
| role of cyanobacteria in the persistence of vibrio cholerae o139 in saline microcosms. | recently, a new strain of cholera, vibrio cholerae o139, has emerged as an epidemic strain, but there is little information about its environmental reservoir. the present investigation was aimed to determine the role of cyanobacteria in the persistence of v. cholerae o139 in microcosms. an environmental isolate of v. cholerae o139 and three cyanobacteria (anabaena sp., nostoc sp., and hapalosiphon sp.) were used in this study. survival of culturable v. cholerae o139 in microcosms was monitored u ... | 2004 | 15052315 |
| batch process solar disinfection is an efficient means of disinfecting drinking water contaminated with shigella dysenteriae type i. | the mortality and morbidity rate caused by shigella dysenteriae type i infection is increasing in the developing world each year. in this paper, the possibility of using batch process solar disinfection (sodis) as an effective means of disinfecting drinking water contaminated with sh. dysenteriae type i is investigated. | 2004 | 15059213 |
| vibrio cholerae periplasmic superoxide dismutase: isolation of the gene and overexpression of the protein. | superoxide dismutases are ubiquitous enzymes which play an important role in protecting cells against oxidative damage and which have also been shown to contribute to the pathogenicity of many bacterial species. here we demonstrate that vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholerae, expresses an active periplasmic cu,zn superoxide dismutase. moreover, we have set up an expression system yielding large amounts of v. cholerae recombinant cu,zn superoxide dismutase in the periplasm of escherichi ... | 2004 | 15063620 |