| clinical severity of rhinovirus/enterovirus compared to other respiratory viruses in children. | human rhinovirus/enterovirus (hrv/ent) infections are commonly identified in children with acute respiratory infections (aris), but data on their clinical severity remain limited. | 2014 | 24801963 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in down syndrome: a prospective cohort study. | children with down syndrome (ds) are at significant risk for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and related hospitalization. we compared hospitalization rates due to respiratory tract infection in children with ds aged <2 years who prospectively received palivizumab during the rsv season with a previously published, similar untreated ds birth cohort. | 2014 | 24799541 |
| frequency of apnea and respiratory viruses in infants with bronchiolitis. | the frequency of apnea in infants <12 months of age admitted with acute bronchiolitis was 5.16% (95% confidence interval: 3.94-6.72). most commonly detected viruses in the 51 apneic infants were respiratory syncytial virus (33.3%), rhinovirus (13.7%) and viral coinfections (23.5%). young age and prematurity were the main risk factors for apnea independent of the respiratory syncytial virus status. non-respiratory syncytial virus infants had a higher rate of prematurity. | 2014 | 24797994 |
| inhibition of stat6 during vaccination with formalin-inactivated rsv prevents induction of th2-cell-biased airway disease. | the pattern of immune response to a vaccine antigen can influence both efficacy and adverse events. th2-cell-deviated responses have been implicated in both human and murine susceptibility to enhanced disease following formalin-inactivated (fi) vaccines for measles and rsv. in this study, we used the th2-cell-deviated murine model of fi-rsv vaccination to test the ability of a dominant negative, cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor of stat6 (stat6 inhibitory peptide (ip)) to modulate the vaccine-i ... | 2014 | 24796717 |
| palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus disease: selling sickness for future? | over the past two decades russia has gone through dramatic "democratic" changes resulting in unprecedented deterioration of health, loss of lives and extinction of population. the health system turned into a ridiculous monster of poorly organized business exploiting reminiscent social values of the past to build profits on selling sickness-for-all in consumer culture. we present facts and conclude that introduction of palivizumab into clinical practice for the most vulnerable patient category wa ... | 2014 | 24796349 |
| mucosal vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants, young children, immune-compromised and elderly populations worldwide. natural rsv infection in young children does not elicit long-lasting immunity and individuals remain susceptible to repeated rsv infections throughout life. because rsv infection is restricted to the respiratory tract, an rsv vaccine should elicit mucosal immunity at upper and lower respiratory tracts in order to most effectively pre ... | 2014 | 24794644 |
| exposure to infections and risk of leukemia in young children. | epidemiologic studies indicate that infections in early childhood may protect against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). | 2014 | 24793957 |
| micrornas and the immune response to respiratory virus infections. | micrornas (mirnas) are small ssrna molecules, which are involved in gene expression regulation at the post-transcriptional level. their biological functions include modulation of both innate and adaptive immune response. mirnas participate in the maintenance of the airway epithelial barrier and are also implicated in the modulation of antiviral defense in epithelial cells. the immune response to respiratory viruses such as rhinovirus, influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus is associated ... | 2014 | 24784476 |
| a new transcriptional role for matrix metalloproteinase-12 in antiviral immunity. | interferon-α (ifn-α) is essential for antiviral immunity, but in the absence of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (mmp-12) or iκbα (encoded by nfkbia) we show that ifn-α is retained in the cytosol of virus-infected cells and is not secreted. our findings suggest that activated iκbα mediates the export of ifn-α from virus-infected cells and that the inability of cells in mmp12(-/-) but not wild-type mice to express iκbα and thus export ifn-α makes coxsackievirus type b3 infection lethal and renders res ... | 2014 | 24784232 |
| noblesse oblige: nrf2 functions in the airways. | the transcription factor, nuclear factor (nf), erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (nrf2), was discovered nearly 2 decades ago. since then, over 4,000 papers have been published on nrf2 function in diverse biological systems, and it has been found to be a critical regulator of antioxidant and defense genes with antioxidant response elements in their promoters. nrf2 is particularly important in protecting cells and tissues under highly oxidative microenvironments, including the airways that inte ... | 2014 | 24783956 |
| dngr-1 is dispensable for cd8+ t-cell priming during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection cd8(+) t cells both assist in viral clearance and contribute to immunopathology. cd8(+) t cells recognize viral peptides presented by dendritic cells (dcs), which can directly present viral antigens when infected or, alternatively, "cross-present" antigens after endocytosis of dead or dying infected cells. mouse cd8α(+) and cd103(+) dcs excel at cross-presentation, in part because they express the receptor dngr-1 that detects dead cells by bindi ... | 2014 | 24777856 |
| characterization of a respiratory syncytial virus l protein inhibitor. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) l protein is a viral rna-dependent rna polymerase that contains multiple enzyme activities required for rsv replication. the rsv l inhibitors described in literature are limited by their cytotoxicity or the lack of rsv b subtype coverage. here, we characterize a new rsv l inhibitor with strong antiviral activity against both rsv a and b subtypes and no detectable cytotoxicity. this compound, az-27, was equally active against rsv live viruses and subgenomic r ... | 2014 | 24777090 |
| adults face increased asthma risk after infant rsv bronchiolitis and reduced respiratory health-related quality of life after rsv pneumonia. | to evaluate the association between hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (rsv lrti) in infancy and asthma, respiratory health-related quality of life and lung function at 28-31 years of age. | 2014 | 24766320 |
| an overview of respiratory syncytial virus. | | 2014 | 24763387 |
| prevention and prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric cardiology: a uk perspective. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common infection, causing bronchiolitis in over 70% of infants each year and almost all children by the age of 2. it is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections and admissions to hospital worldwide. previously healthy infants may have a prolonged cough or wheezing following rsv infection but up to 20% of those with congenital cardiac disease will be hospitalized and have significant morbidity and mortality. for this reason, it is genera ... | 2014 | 24762251 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection epidemiology in latin america. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of acute respiratory infection and the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to obtain a comprehensive epidemiological picture of the data available on disease burden, surveillance, and use of resources in latin america. pooled estimates are useful for cross-country comparisons. data from published studies reporting patients with probable or confirmed rsv infection in medical da ... | 2014 | 24757727 |
| palivizumab compliance by infants in puerto rico during the 2009-2010 respiratory syncytial virus season. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral pathogen responsible for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. we assessed palivizumab prophylaxis compliance for infants in puerto rico. we retrospectively studied data from 868 infants (409 females, 459 males) during the 2009-2010 rsv season. the infants had a mean gestational age of 33 weeks (range 23-41) and a mean birth weight of 1,767 g (range 509-4,120). only 74 % of the infants with indications received prophylaxis. the main reason ... | 2014 | 24756837 |
| antiviral activity of ginseng extract against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | panax ginseng has been known to have a number of immuno-modulatory effects. in this study, we investigated whether panax korean red ginseng extract (krge) has in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. krge improved the survival of human lung epithelial cells against rsv infection and inhibited rsv replication. in addition, krge treatment suppressed the expression of rsv-induced inflammatory cytokine genes (il-6 and il-8) and the formation of reactive ... | 2014 | 24756136 |
| asthma: nhlbi workshop on the primary prevention of chronic lung diseases. | asthma is a common disease with enormous public health costs, and its primary prevention is an ambitious and important goal. understanding of how host and environmental factors interact to cause asthma is incomplete, but persistent questions about mechanisms should not stop clinical research efforts aimed at reducing the prevalence of childhood asthma. achieving the goal of primary prevention of asthma will involve integrated and parallel sets of research activities in which mechanism-oriented s ... | 2014 | 24754822 |
| bronchiolitis and pneumonia requiring hospitalization in young first nations children in northern ontario, canada. | high rates of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti), including bronchiolitis and pneumonia, have been reported in inuit infants living in arctic canada. we examined rates of lrti in first nations canadian infants living in the sioux lookout zone, in northern ontario. | 2014 | 24751861 |
| [expression of heparanase in kidney of rats with respiratory syncytial virus nephropathy and its relationship with proteinurina]. | to explore the role of heparanase in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nephropathy in rats model. | 2014 | 24749342 |
| mucosal delivery of a double-stapled rsv peptide prevents nasopulmonary infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection accounts for approximately 64 million cases of respiratory disease and 200,000 deaths worldwide each year, yet no broadly effective prophylactic or treatment regimen is available. rsv deploys paired, self-associating, heptad repeat domains of its fusion protein, rsv-f, to form a fusogenic 6-helix bundle that enables the virus to penetrate the host cell membrane. here, we developed hydrocarbon double-stapled rsv fusion peptides that exhibit stabilized α ... | 2014 | 24743147 |
| repurposing staples for viruses: applying peptide design to rsv prophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for lower respiratory tract infections and annually results in 200,000 deaths worldwide. despite the burden of rsv-associated disease, treatments and preventative measures are limited. in this issue of jci, bird and colleagues describe their work using a peptide stapling technique that allowed synthesis of a stable peptide mimic of a portion of the rsv fusion protein. pretreatment of cells with the stable peptide effectively blocked virus entry. w ... | 2014 | 24743141 |
| recent evidence on the management of bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis is a common condition in children less than 2 years of age and is a leading cause of infant hospitalization. although there is significant variability in testing and treatment of children with bronchiolitis, diagnostic testing rarely improves care, and no currently available pharmacologic options have been proven to provide meaningful benefits or improve outcomes. | 2014 | 24739493 |
| development of safe and effective rsv vaccine by modified cd4 epitope in g protein core fragment (gcf). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory tract infection in infants and young children worldwide, but currently no safe and effective vaccine is available. the rsv g glycoprotein (rsvg), a major attachment protein, is an important target for the induction of protective immune responses during rsv infection. however, it has been thought that a cd4+ t cell epitope (a.a. 183-195) within rsvg is associated with pathogenic pulmonary eosinophilia. to develop safe and effective ... | 2014 | 24736750 |
| profiling the approach to the investigation of viral infections in cases of sudden unexpected death in infancy in the western cape province, south africa. | sudden unexpected death in infancy is one of the main contributory factors to high infant mortality rates world-wide. several risk factors, including viral infection, have been implicated in sudi cases, but no single factor has been confirmed as the main cause of death. at the tygerberg medico-legal laboratory, cape town, south africa, investigation of lung tissue for viral infection forms part of an institutional protocol for the examination of cases of sudden unexpected death in infancy. | 2014 | 24727219 |
| respiratory syncytial virus increases lung cellular bioenergetics in neonatal c57bl/6 mice. | we have previously reported that lung cellular bioenergetics (cellular respiration and atp) increased in 4-10 week-old balb/c mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this study examined the kinetics and changes in cellular bioenergetics in ≤ 2-week-old c57bl/6 mice following rsv infection. mice (5-14 days old) were inoculated intranasally with rsv and the lungs were examined on days 1-10 post-infection. histopathology and electron microscopy revealed preserved pneumocyte architectu ... | 2014 | 24725953 |
| escape from neutralization by the respiratory syncytial virus-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody palivizumab is driven by changes in on-rate of binding to the fusion protein. | the role of binding kinetics in determining neutralizing potency for antiviral antibodies is poorly understood. while it is believed that increased steady-state affinity correlates positively with increased virus-neutralizing activity, the relationship between association or dissociation rate and neutralization potency is unclear. we investigated the effect of naturally-occurring antibody resistance mutations in the rsv f protein on the kinetics of binding to palivizumab. escape from palivizumab ... | 2014 | 24725940 |
| a population-based study of childhood respiratory morbidity after severe lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood. | to estimate the risk of childhood chronic respiratory morbidity among those hospitalized for severe lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in early childhood, and to determine whether severe lrti is an independent predictor. | 2014 | 24725580 |
| evaluating national guidelines for the prophylactic treatment of respiratory syncytial virus in children with congenital heart disease. | this is the first study to evaluate compliance with the 2003 swedish national guidelines for prophylactic treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children with congenital heart disease (chd). we estimated the relative risk (rr) of children with chd being hospitalised with a rsv infection, studied the extent to which rsv prophylactic treatment with palivizumab corresponded to the guidelines and determined the morbidity of children with chd who developed rsv infection despite prophylaxis ... | 2014 | 24724913 |
| rsv-encoded ns2 promotes epithelial cell shedding and distal airway obstruction. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the major cause of bronchiolitis in young children. the factors that contribute to the increased propensity of rsv-induced distal airway disease compared with other commonly encountered respiratory viruses remain unclear. here, we identified the rsv-encoded nonstructural 2 (ns2) protein as a viral genetic determinant for initiating rsv-induced distal airway obstruction. infection of human cartilaginous airway epithelium (hae) and a hamster model of ... | 2014 | 24713657 |
| glycan variants of a respiratory syncytial virus antibody with enhanced effector function and in vivo efficacy. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause devastating lower respiratory tract infections in preterm infants or when other serious health problems are present. immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab (synagis), a humanized igg1 mab, is the current standard of care for preventing rsv infection in at-risk neonates. we have explored the contribution of effector function to palivizumab efficacy using a plant-based expression system to produce palivizumab n-glycan structure variants with high homogeneity ... | 2014 | 24711420 |
| prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections by traditional chinese herbs. | this review focuses on current knowledge of traditional chinese herbs on prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections, especially caused by severe acute respiratory syndromes (sars) virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza viruses. | 2014 | 24709192 |
| clinical efficacy of montelukast sodium in treating infantile wheezing. | the efficacy and safety of a single-dose of montelukast sodium for treating virus-related infantile wheezing are investigated in this study. | 2014 | 24706299 |
| bushenyiqi formula strengthens th1 response and suppresses th2-th17 responses in rsv-induced asthma exacerbated mice. | the prevalence of allergic asthma has been increased rapidly in recent years. about 20% of all these sufferers have experienced asthma exacerbation. although corticosteroids and β-agonists therapy improves serious asthma symptoms, they can׳t completely cure these allergic diseases. bushenyiqi formula (bsyqf) has been widely used to treat bronchial asthma and its exacerbation for decades in huashan hospital of fudan university, china. nevertheless, the mechanisms of bsyqf' anti-asthmatic effects ... | 2014 | 24704667 |
| infectious pathogens and bronchiolitis outcomes. | bronchiolitis is a common early childhood illness and an important cause of morbidity, it is the number one cause of hospitalization among us infants. bronchiolitis is also an active area of research, and recent studies have advanced our understanding of this illness. although it has long been the conventional wisdom that the infectious etiology of bronchiolitis does not affect outcomes, a growing number of studies have linked specific pathogens of bronchiolitis (e.g., rhinovirus) to short- and ... | 2014 | 24702592 |
| immunodeficiency scoring index to predict poor outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with rsv infections. | we developed an immunodeficiency scoring index for respiratory syncytial virus (isi-rsv) infection, based on a cohort of 237 allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-hct) recipients, that can predict the risk of progression to lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and rsv-associated mortality. a weighted index was calculated using adjusted hazard ratios for immunodeficiency markers. based on the isi-rsv (range, 0-12), patients were stratified into low (0-2), moderate (3-6), and high (7- ... | 2014 | 24700783 |
| [differentiation of influenza (flu) type a, type b, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by quicknavi™-flu+rsv]. | because it is not easy to differentiate influenza virus (flu) from rs virus (rsv) just by clinical symptoms, to accurately diagnose those viruses in conjunction with patient's clinical symptoms, rapid diagnostic kits has been used separately for each of those viruses. in our new study, we have developed a new rapid diagnostic kit, quicknavi™-flu+rsv. the kit can detect flu a, flu b, and rsv antigens with a single sample collection and an assay. total of 2,873 cases (including nasopharyngeal swab ... | 2014 | 24694242 |
| authors' response re: clarifying costs and benefits of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis. | | 2014 | 24692038 |
| clarifying costs and benefits of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis. | | 2014 | 24692037 |
| examining strain diversity and phylogeography in relation to an unusual epidemic pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in a long-term refugee camp in kenya. | a recent longitudinal study in the dadaab refugee camp near the kenya-somalia border identified unusual biannual respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemics. we characterized the genetic variability of the associated rsv strains to determine if viral diversity contributed to this unusual epidemic pattern. | 2014 | 24690157 |
| distinct regulation of tonsillar immune response in virus infection. | the relationships between tonsillar immune responses, and viral infection and allergy are incompletely known. | 2014 | 24684577 |
| depletion of circulating regulatory t cells during severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. | | 2014 | 24684360 |
| real-time light scattering tracking of gold nanoparticles- bioconjugated respiratory syncytial virus infecting hep-2 cells. | real-time tracking of virus invasion is crucial for understanding viral infection mechanism, which, however, needs simple and efficient labeling chemistry with improved signal-to-noise ratio. for that purpose, herein we investigated the invasion dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) through dark-field microscopic imaging (idfm) technique by using au nanoparticles (aunps) as light scattering labels. rsv, a ubiquitous, non-segmented, pleiomorphic and negative-sense rna virus, is an importa ... | 2014 | 24681709 |
| comparison of urinary tract infection rates among 2- to 12-month-old febrile infants with rsv infections using 1999 and 2011 aap diagnostic criteria. | infants with rsv infections have been found to have a clinically significant rate of urinary tract infections (utis). the american academy of pediatrics (aap) published a revised clinical practice guideline on utis in 2011, which includes major changes in diagnostic criteria for utis. past research has been done using previous diagnostic criteria. the objective of the study is to assess the rate of utis in febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections according to the 2011 re ... | 2014 | 24681546 |
| lung function by impulse oscillometry at age 5-7 years after bronchiolitis at age 0-6 months. | viral bronchiolitis in infancy has been associated with increased bronchial reactivity and reduced lung function in later childhood and even in adulthood. however, lung function at preschool age is less studied, mainly due to technical difficulties. the purpose of the study was to evaluate lung function and bronchial reactivity at preschool age in children who were hospitalized for bronchiolitis in early infancy. | 2015 | 24668616 |
| a new diterpenoid from the aerial parts of andrographis paniculata. | one new and seven known diterpenoids were isolated from the aerial parts of andrographis paniculata, and their structures elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis, as well as chemical methods. the in vitro antiviral activities of these compounds against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were assayed. | 2014 | 24660450 |
| fatal broncho-pneumonia of an infant with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (amc). | arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (amc) is a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by multiple joint contractures with an estimated frequency of 1 in 3000-5100 livebirths. the authors present a case of an 11-month-old infant with amc who died due to severe pneumonia. the deceased had no significant anomaly except for the stated orthpaediatric deformities, and the long-term outcome was expected to be positive. the only remarkable past medical history was respiratory syncytial virus (rs) ... | 2014 | 24657039 |
| small interfering rnas targeted to interleukin-4 and respiratory syncytial virus reduce airway inflammation in a mouse model of virus-induced asthma exacerbation. | asthma exacerbations are caused primarily by viral infections. antisense and small interfering rna (sirna) technologies have gained attention as potential antiasthma and antiviral approaches. in this study we analyzed whether gene silencing of interleukin (il)-4 expression and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication by rna interference is able to suppress allergen- and virus-induced responses in a mouse model of virus-induced asthma exacerbation. knockdown efficacy of il-4 sirna molecules ... | 2014 | 24655063 |
| another case of respiratory syncytial virus-related limbic encephalitis. | | 2014 | 24652531 |
| macrophages are required for dendritic cell uptake of respiratory syncytial virus from an infected epithelium. | we have previously shown that the respiratory syncytial virus [rsv] can productively infect monocyte derived dendritic cells [modc] and remain dormant within the same cells for prolonged periods. it is therefore possible that infected dendritic cells act as a reservoir within the airways of individuals between annual epidemics. in the present study we explored the possibility that sub-epithelial dcs can be infected with rsv from differentiated bronchial epithelium and that in turn rsv from dcs c ... | 2014 | 24651119 |
| elevated th17 response in infants undergoing respiratory viral infection. | il-17 and t-helper (th)17 cells contribute to viral airway pathology in human newborns. because umbilical cord blood t cells fail to differentiate toward the th17 lineage in the presence of autologous antigen-presenting cells, we asked whether th17 cells are present in young infants that experience respiratory viral infection. to this end, we analyzed tracheal aspirate samples from infant patients suffering from acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and healthy infant controls. acute ... | 2014 | 24650560 |
| infants 1-90 days old hospitalized with human rhinovirus infection. | human rhinovirus (hrv) is a common cause of respiratory illness in children. the impact of hrv infection on 1- to 90-day-old infants is unclear. we hypothesized that hrv infection would be clinically similar to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the hospitalized infants. | 2014 | 24648198 |
| sucrose stabilization of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during nebulization and experimental infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common respiratory pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia. in vivo studies of rsv can be difficult due to variation in viral infection and disease severity in some animal models. factors that may contribute to the variation are decreases in viral titer due to preparation and storage and method of virus administration. nebulization is one method of rsv administration that provides even distribution of virus to all lung lobes; however, the exact quantity of ... | 2014 | 24642084 |
| viral infections in asthma and copd. | airway viral infections are associated with the pathogenesis of asthma and copd. it has been argued that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy is a probable causal factor in the development of pediatric asthma. rsv infections tend to induce th2-biased immune responses in the host airways. rsv infection, atopy, and low pulmonary function in neonates may work synergistically toward the development of pediatric asthma. human rhinovirus (hrv) is a representative virus associated wit ... | 2014 | 24636264 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and palivizumab: where are we in 2014? | | 2014 | 24634681 |
| respiratory syncytial virus disease in preterm infants in the u.s. born at 32-35 weeks gestation not receiving immunoprophylaxis. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) respiratory events among preterm infants outcomes and risk tracking (report) study evaluated rsv disease burden in u.s. preterm infants 32-35 weeks gestational age (wga) not receiving rsv prophylaxis. | 2014 | 24622396 |
| oral ribavirin therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infections in moderately to severely immunocompromised patients. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections may be fatal in immunocompromised patients. aerosolized ribavirin is used for treatment, but it is very costly, teratogenic, and inconvenient. we aimed to assess the outcome of oral ribavirin treatment, with or without intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig), for rsv infections in moderately to severely immunocompromised patients. | 2014 | 24621016 |
| the evolving role of the pediatric nurse practitioner in hospital medicine. | this program evaluation sought to compare cost and pediatric patient outcomes among a pediatric nurse practitioner (pnp) hospitalist team, a combined pnp/doctor of medicine (md) team, and 2 resident teams without pnps. | 2014 | 24616251 |
| nosocomial transmission of respiratory syncytial virus in an outpatient cancer center. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreaks in inpatient settings are associated with poor outcomes in cancer patients. the use of molecular epidemiology to document rsv transmission in the outpatient setting has not been well described. we performed a retrospective cohort study of 2 nosocomial outbreaks of rsv at the seattle cancer care alliance. subjects included patients seen at the seattle cancer care alliance with rsv detected in 2 outbreaks in 2007-2008 and 2012 and all employees with resp ... | 2014 | 24607551 |
| [the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections]. | acute respiratory viral infections (arvi) and influenza take a leading place in the structure of the general morbidity of the population in most countries of the world. of etiotropic treatment of influenza and other arvi include a wide spectrum of antiviral drugs, among which are the drugs with a restricted spectrum, basically used in influenza, and a general spectrum used in influenza and other arvi as a prophylactic or therapeutic intention. at present time, there is a widespread antiviral dru ... | 2013 | 24605619 |
| epidemiological changes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in israel. | rsv is the leading cause of lower respiratory-tract infections in infants and therefore demands in-depth epidemiological characterization. we investigated here the distribution of rsv types in israel between the years 2005-2012. clinical samples were collected from 11,018 patients hospitalized due to respiratory illnesses and were evaluated for the presence of various respiratory viruses, including rsv a and rsv b. until 2008, each year was characterized by the presence of one dominant type of r ... | 2014 | 24594694 |
| characteristic systemic cytokine responses in children with human bocavirus-positive lower respiratory tract infection. | to investigate systemic cytokine responses in human bocavirus (hbov)-associated lower respiratory tract infection, serum cytokine profiles were analyzed in hbov positive-children (n=14) using multiplex immunoassay. concentrations of tnf-a, il-2, il-5 and il-8 on admission were significantly different from those of respiratory syncytial virus-positive children (n=28). this unique cytokine response might partly explain some characteristic clinical features of hbov-associated respiratory infection. | 2014 | 24593186 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections enhance cigarette smoke induced copd in mice. | respiratory syncytial viral (rsv) infections are a frequent cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations, which are a major factor in disease progression and mortality. rsv is able to evade antiviral defenses to persist in the lungs of copd patients. though rsv infection has been identified in copd, its contribution to cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and lung tissue destruction has not been established. here we examine the long-term effects of cigarette smoke e ... | 2014 | 24587397 |
| using mathematical transmission modelling to investigate drivers of respiratory syncytial virus seasonality in children in the philippines. | we used a mathematical transmission model to estimate when ecological drivers of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) transmissibility would need to act in order to produce the observed seasonality of rsv in the philippines. we estimated that a seasonal peak in transmissibility would need to occur approximately 51 days prior to the observed peak in rsv cases (range 49 to 67 days). we then compared this estimated seasonal pattern of transmissibility to the seasonal patterns of possible ecological dr ... | 2014 | 24587222 |
| the clinical utility of a near patient care rapid microarray-based diagnostic test for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections in the pediatric setting. | we evaluated the potential clinical utility of an automated near patient molecular assay verigene respiratory virus plus (rv+) and rapid immunochromatographic antigen tests (riat) in the pediatric setting for diagnosis of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections when testing was performed by the pediatrician seeing the patient. overall, with respect to influenza virus, sensitivity and specificity for riat were 70.8% and 100%, respectively, compared to 100% and 96.2%, respectively, fo ... | 2014 | 24582577 |
| multicenter study of viral etiology and relapse in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis. | it is unclear whether the infectious etiology of severe bronchiolitis affects short-term outcomes, such as posthospitalization relapse. we tested the hypothesis that children hospitalized with rhinovirus (rv) bronchiolitis, either as a sole pathogen or in combination with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), are at increased risk of relapse. | 2014 | 24577039 |
| development of an adenovirus-based respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: preclinical evaluation of efficacy, immunogenicity, and enhanced disease in a cotton rat model. | the lack of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a challenging and serious gap in preventive medicine. herein, we characterize the immunogenicity of an adenovirus serotype 5-based rsv vaccine encoding the fusion (f) protein (ad5.rsv-f) and the protection provided following immunization with ad5.rsv-f and assess its potential for producing enhanced disease in a cotton rat (cr) model. animals were immunized intranasally (i.n.) and/or intramuscularly (i.m.) and subsequently challe ... | 2014 | 24574396 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-related encephalitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings with diffusion-weighted study: response to a "letter to the editor". | | 2014 | 24573325 |
| vaccination with the rsv fusion protein formulated with a combination adjuvant induces long-lasting protective immunity. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the primary causative agents of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children, in particular infants. recently, we reported the protective efficacy of a rsv vaccine formulation consisting of a truncated version of the fusion (f) protein formulated with a toll-like receptor (tlr) agonist and an immunostimulatory peptide in a carrier system (δf/triadj). to evaluate the duration of immunity induced by this vaccine candidate, we carried ou ... | 2014 | 24572813 |
| early-life viral infections and the development of asthma: a target for asthma prevention? | to discuss the recent insights into the relationships between viral respiratory infections and asthma inception in the context of a long-term goal of moving toward prevention strategies for childhood asthma. | 2014 | 24569522 |
| innate immune recognition of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of respiratory infection in infants and young children. severe clinical manifestation of rsv infection is a bronchiolitis, which is common in infants under six months of age. recently, rsv has been recognized as an important cause of respiratory infection in older populations with cardiovascular morbidity or immunocompromised patients. however, neither a vaccine nor an effective antiviral therapy is currently available. moreover, the interac ... | 2014 | 24568879 |
| clinical utility of pcr for common viruses in acute respiratory illness. | acute respiratory illness (ari) accounts for a large proportion of all visits to pediatric health facilities. quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analyses allow sensitive detection of viral nucleic acids, but it is not clear to what extent specific viruses contribute to disease because many viruses have been detected in asymptomatic children. better understanding of how to interpret viral findings is important to reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics. | 2014 | 24567027 |
| evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus group a and b genotypes among nosocomial and community-acquired pediatric infections in southern brazil. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the main cause of lower respiratory tract illness in children worldwide. molecular analyses show two distinct rsv groups (a and b) that comprise different genotypes. this variability contributes to the capacity of rsv to cause yearly outbreaks. these rsv genotypes circulate within the community and within hospital wards. rsv is currently the leading cause of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in pediatric populations. the aim of this study was to evaluat ... | 2014 | 24564922 |
| infection with respiratory syncytial virus influences fasl-mediated apoptosis of pulmonary γδ t cells in a murine model of allergen sensitization. | it has been reported that adoptive transfer of γδ t cells increases the cellular infiltration, especially eosinophils, in the lungs of allergic mice, suggesting that γδ t cells may play a proinflammatory role in allergic airway inflammation. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can decrease the number of th2-type γδ t cells. however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. | 2014 | 24564286 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in elderly mice results in altered antiviral gene expression and enhanced pathology. | elderly persons are more susceptible to rsv-induced pneumonia than young people, but the molecular mechanism underlying this susceptibility is not well understood. in this study, we used an aged mouse model of rsv-induced pneumonia to examine how aging alters the lung pathology, modulates antiviral gene expressions, and the production of inflammatory cytokines in response to rsv infection. young (2-3 months) and aged (19-21 months) mice were intranasally infected with mucogenic or non-mucogenic ... | 2014 | 24558422 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-related encephalitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings with diffusion-weighted study. | | 2014 | 24553789 |
| quantitative and qualitative deficits in neonatal lung-migratory dendritic cells impact the generation of the cd8+ t cell response. | cd103+ and cd11b+ populations of cd11c+mhciihi murine dendritic cells (dcs) have been shown to carry antigens from the lung through the afferent lymphatics to mediastinal lymph nodes (mln). we compared the responses of these two dc populations in neonatal and adult mice following intranasal infection with respiratory syncytial virus. the response in neonates was dominated by functionally-limited cd103+ dcs, while cd11b+ dcs were diminished in both number and function compared to adults. infectin ... | 2014 | 24550729 |
| lower number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in peripheral blood of children with bronchiolitis following respiratory syncytial virus infection. | dendritic cells (dcs) are key mediators of allergic airway inflammation. thus, it is important to understand the relationship between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and dcs, especially in children with rsv bronchiolitis. | 2014 | 24528606 |
| effects of anti-g and anti-f antibodies on airway function after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illnesses in infants worldwide. both rsv-g and rsv-f glycoproteins play pathogenic roles during infection with rsv. the objective of this study was to compare the effects of anti-rsv-g and anti-rsv-f monoclonal antibodies (mabs) on airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and inflammation after primary or secondary rsv infection in mice. in the primary infection model, mice were infected with rsv at 6 weeks of age. anti-rs ... | 2014 | 24521403 |
| molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of kenyan human bocavirus isolates. | the commonly expected causative agents associated with flu-like symptoms in kenya are the classical viral pathogens identifiable as influenza virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, enteroviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus. however, newer agents have been identified globally that present with illnesses clinically indistinguishable from those caused by the classical pathogens; one of them is human bocavirus. | 2014 | 24518633 |
| the relationship between respiratory syncytial virus and asthma. | asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. most infants who experience wheezing episodes also exhibit evidence of an ongoing respiratory viral infection. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children and is a common cause of wheezing in infants and young children. in the past several decades, a number of studies have demonstrated a relationship between inf ... | 2015 | 24513802 |
| cell-mediated immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection: magnitude, kinetics, and correlates with morbidity and age. | we evaluated the cell-mediated immune (cmi) response to rsv acute infection including the magnitude, kinetics and correlates with morbidity and age. twenty-nine rsv-infected patients with mean ± sd age of 15 ± 14 months were enrolled during their first week of disease. th1, th2, th9, th17 and th22 responses were measured at entry and 2 and 6 weeks later. all subjects were hospitalized for a median (range) of 5 (3-11) days. rsv-specific effector and memory th1 cmi measured by lymphocyte prolifera ... | 2014 | 24513666 |
| hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and disease severity in twins. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract disease and hospitalization in infants and young children. infants of multiple births, who are often premature, might be more susceptible to developing a more severe rsv infection than singletons. | 2013 | 24511652 |
| clonotype-specific avidity influences the dynamics and hierarchy of virus-specific regulatory and effector cd4(+) t-cell responses. | a key component of immunity against viruses, cd4(+) t cells expand and differentiate into functional subsets upon primary infection, where effector (teff) cells facilitate infection control and regulatory (treg) cells mitigate immunopathology. after secondary infection, teff cells mount a robust response from the memory pool. here, we show that treg-cell responses are diminished upon secondary infection, and treg-cell response dynamics are associated more with t-cell receptors (tcrs) repertoire ... | 2014 | 24510524 |
| children with celiac disease are more likely to have attended hospital for prior respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the purpose of this study was to examine the association between celiac disease (cd) and prior respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection or any viral bronchiolitis. | 2014 | 24510390 |
| respiratory syncytial virus persistence in macrophages upregulates fcgamma receptors expression. | viruses can persist in differentiated cells (i.e., macrophages) over long periods of time, altering host cells functions but not inducing their death. we had previously reported that, in early passages (14-40) of a murine macrophage-like cell line persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (mfp), fcgr-mediated phagocytosis and expression of fcgriib/riii on the cell membrane were increased with respect to mock-infected macrophages (mfn). in this work, we explored the mechanism u ... | 2014 | 24509813 |
| increased risk of wheeze and decreased lung function after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | a relationship between hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and asthma development has been suggested in case-control studies. | 2014 | 24498037 |
| genetic predisposition of rsv infection-related respiratory morbidity in preterm infants. | the aim of this study was to assess whether prematurely born infants have a genetic predisposition to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection-related respiratory morbidity. one hundred and forty-six infants born at less than 36 weeks of gestation were prospectively followed. nasopharygeal aspirates were obtained on every occasion the infants had a lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) regardless of need for admission. dna was tested for 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). chronic r ... | 2014 | 24487983 |
| should infants presenting with an apparent life-threatening event undergo evaluation for serious bacterial infections and respiratory pathogens? | we sought to identify which patients with an apparent life-threatening event require infectious evaluation through an analysis of infants aged ≤12 months brought to an emergency department with an apparent life-threatening event. among the 533 children evaluated, there were no cases of meningitis, 1 case of bacteremia, 17 cases of urinary tract infection, 22 cases of bacterial pneumonia, 22 cases of respiratory syncytial virus, and 2 cases of influenza virus identified in respiratory specimens. | 2014 | 24484770 |
| [relevant pathogenesis of heat and phlegm in infantile viral pneumonia: an analysis by association rules]. | to study the application of association rules in chinese medical pathogeneses and pathologies of heat and phlegm in infantile viral pneumonia. | 2013 | 24483108 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal influenza cause similar illnesses in children with sickle cell disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a cause of acute chest syndrome (acs) in sickle cell disease (scd), but its clinical course and acute complications have not been well characterized. we compared rsv to seasonal influenza infections in children with scd. | 2014 | 24481883 |
| respiratory syncytial virus ns1 protein degrades stat2 by inducing socs1 expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural protein ns1 (ns1) has been shown to block interferon (ifn)-inducible antiviral signaling. the suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) gene family could utilize a feedback loop to block the activation of the jak/stat signaling pathway, further inhibiting the activation of host type i ifn. we evaluated the role of the socs1 and socs3 genes in this antiviral mechanism. | 2014 | 24480984 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children in cyprus during three consecutive winter seasons (2010-2013): age distribution, seasonality and association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity. | this study reports the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hospitalized children in cyprus over three successive seasons (2010-2013) and the association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity. rsv infections had a circulation pattern from december to march. most rsv-positive children (83%) were aged <2 years. genotyping of rsv isolates showed that during the first winter season of the study (2010-2011), the only rsv genotype circulating was ga2 (rsv-a), followed by gen ... | 2014 | 24476750 |
| preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus disease: passive, active immunisation and new antivirals. | in most high-income countries palivizumab prophylaxis is considered safe, efficacious and cost-effective for preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospital admissions among specific subgroups of infants born preterm, with chronic lung disease or with congenital heart disease. virtually all babies acquire rsv during infancy and previously healthy babies are not eligible to receive palivizumab. emerging evidence suggests some benefit of palivizumab use in reducing recurrent wheeze among inf ... | 2014 | 24464977 |
| maternal antibodies by passive immunization with formalin inactivated respiratory syncytial virus confer protection without vaccine-enhanced disease. | maternal immunization of mice with formalin inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) resulted in the passive transfer of rsv antibodies but not cellular components to the offspring. the offspring born to fi-rsv immunized mothers showed serum rsv neutralizing activity, effectively controlled lung viral loads without vaccine-enhanced disease, did not induce pulmonary eosinophilia, and cytokine producing cells after live rsv infection. therefore, this study provides evidence that maternal i ... | 2014 | 24462695 |
| nebulized hypertonic saline treatment reduces both rate and duration of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in infants: an updated meta-analysis. | nebulized hypertonic saline (hs) treatment reduced the length of hospitalization in infants with acute bronchiolitis in a previous meta-analysis. however, there was no reduction in the admission rate. we hypothesized that nebulized hs treatment might significantly decrease both the duration and the rate of hospitalization if more randomized controlled trials (rcts) were included. we searched medline, pubmed, cinahl, and the cochrane central register of controlled trials (central) without a langu ... | 2014 | 24461195 |
| the impact of viral genotype on pathogenesis and disease severity: respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinoviruses. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lri) and viral death in infants. rsv disease in infants is characterized by epithelial desquamation, neutrophilic bronchiolitis and pneumonia and obstructive pulmonary mucus. human rhinoviruses (hrvs) are by far the most common cause of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infection (uri) in people and are more recently appreciated as a significant cause of lri. rsv and hrv are also implicated in asthma p ... | 2013 | 24455766 |
| relationship between common viral upper respiratory tract infections and febrile seizures in children from suzhou, china. | this study aimed to determine the potential predisposing factors for the development of febrile seizures among children with upper respiratory tract infection in the eastern chinese region. participants were individuals aged 6 months and 6 years (n = 189) who were diagnosed with febrile seizure, complicated with upper respiratory tract infection, and 174 age-matched children who had upper respiratory tract infection without seizures as controls. the viral antigens including influenza a and b, pa ... | 2014 | 24453149 |
| vitamin d-binding protein haplotype is associated with hospitalization for rsv bronchiolitis. | between 75 000 and 125 000 u.s. infants are hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis every year. up to half will be diagnosed with asthma in later childhood. vitamin d deficiency has been associated with susceptibility to asthma and respiratory infections. measured vitamin d is largely bound to vitamin d-binding protein (vdbp); vdbp levels are influenced by its gene (gc) haplotype. | 2014 | 24447085 |