| advances in the development of bacterial vector technology. | the demand for new and improved vaccines against human diseases has continued unabated over the past century. while the need continues for traditional vaccines in areas such as infectious diseases, there is an increasing demand for new therapies in nontraditional areas, such as cancer treatment, bioterrorism and food safety. prompted by these changes, there has been a renewed interest in the application and development of live, attenuated bacteria expressing foreign antigens as vaccines. the app ... | 2003 | 12901595 |
| bacterial ghosts as carrier and targeting systems for mucosal antigen delivery. | the application of new strategies to develop effective vaccines is essential in modern medicine. the bacterial ghost system is a novel vaccine delivery system endowed with intrinsic adjuvant properties. bacterial ghosts are nonliving gram-negative bacterial cell envelopes devoid of cytoplasmic contents while maintaining their cellular morphology and native surface antigenic structures including bioadhesive properties. they are produced by phix174 protein e-mediated lysis of gram-negative bacteri ... | 2003 | 12901596 |
| photobactin: a catechol siderophore produced by photorhabdus luminescens, an entomopathogen mutually associated with heterorhabditis bacteriophora nc1 nematodes. | the nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora transmits a monoculture of photorhabdus luminescens bacteria to insect hosts, where it requires the bacteria for efficient insect pathogenicity and as a substrate for growth and reproduction. siderophore production was implicated as being involved in the symbiosis because an ngra mutant inadequate for supporting nematode growth and reproduction was also deficient in producing siderophore activity and ngra is homologous to a siderophore biosynthetic gene ... | 2003 | 12902261 |
| use of dipsticks for rapid diagnosis of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 from rectal swabs. | we evaluated the recently developed dipsticks for the rapid detection of vibrio cholerae serotypes o1 and o139 from rectal swabs of hospitalized diarrheal patients after enrichment for 4 h in alkaline peptone water. the sensitivity and specificity of the dipsticks were above 92 and 91%, respectively. the dipsticks represent the first rapid test which has been successfully used to diagnose cholera from rectal swabs, and this would immensely improve surveillance for cholera, especially in remote s ... | 2003 | 12904424 |
| gene cloning and characterization of vcrm, a na+-coupled multidrug efflux pump, from vibrio cholerae non-o1. | we cloned a dna fragment responsible for drug resistance from chromosome of vibrio cholerae non-o1. nucleotide sequence analysis of this fragment revealed the presence of a single open reading frame encoding a protein consisting of 445 amino acid residues. we designated the gene as vcrm. hydropathy analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of vcrm suggests the presence of 12 trans-membrane segments. a dendrogram showed that vcrm is a member of the dinf-subfamily within the mate family of multi ... | 2003 | 12906102 |
| role of mast cells and pro-inflammatory mediators on the intestinal secretion induced by cholera toxin. | recent data suggest that diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae involves a pro-inflammatory mediators release, such as cytokines, prostaglandin and nitric oxide. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells and their mediators in the intestinal secretion induced by cholera toxin. we examined the dose responses, time course and role of mast cells and pro-inflammatory mediators in cholera toxin intestinal secretory response, in vivo. cholera toxin caused a dose-dependent secretion, ... | 2003 | 12906889 |
| evaluation of the protective efficacy of vibrio cholerae ghost (vcg) candidate vaccines in rabbits. | an effective vibrio cholerae vaccine is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by this pathogen. despite the availability of current oral vaccines with measurable efficacy, there is need for more effective vaccines with broad-spectrum efficacy in target populations. recent studies have shown that bacterial ghosts, produced by the expression of cloned lysis gene e, possess adjuvant properties and are immunogenic. in this study, ghosts were prepared from v. cholerae o1 or o139 and eva ... | 2003 | 12922096 |
| control of sxt integration and excision. | the vibrio cholerae sxt element is a conjugative self-transmissible chromosomally integrating element that encodes resistance to multiple antibiotics. sxt integrates in a site-specific fashion at prfc and excises from the chromosome to form a circular but nonreplicative extrachromosomal form. both chromosomal integration and excision depend on an sxt-encoded recombinase, int. here we found that int is necessary and sufficient for sxt integration and that int expression in recipient cells require ... | 2003 | 12923077 |
| [analysis of specific nucleotide sequences. dna biosensors]. | information about common molecular-biological approaches for the determination of the specific nucleotide sequences in genetic materials was given in the review. main attention was paid to consideration of the ways for dna biosensor creation. the information about the types of such biosensors was presented in detail and characteristics of the developed devices were cited. separately the question about the use of the instrumental analytical approaches for the identification of genetic materials o ... | 2002 | 12924012 |
| vulnerability to coastal cholera ecology. | the battle to completely control cholera continues. multiple strains, high levels of morbidity in some regions of the world, and a complex of influences on its distribution in people and the environment are accompanied by only rough resolution prediction of outbreaks. uncertainty as to the most effective array of interventions for one of the most researched infectious diseases thwarts further progress in providing cost-effective solutions. progress on the research front consistently points towar ... | 2003 | 12927470 |
| neoglycoconjugates from synthetic tetra- and hexasaccharides that mimic the terminus of the o-ps of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype inaba. | a glycosyl acceptor and a glycosyl donor having the n-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronic acid side chain already attached have been prepared and used for the synthesis of the di-through to the hexasaccharide that mimic the upsteam terminus of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype inaba. the target tetra- and the hexasaccharide, which were obtained in the form of 5-methoxycarbonylpentyl glycosides, were linked to bsa using squaric acid diester chemistry. the conjugation reactions ... | 2003 | 12929359 |
| distinct replication requirements for the two vibrio cholerae chromosomes. | studies of prokaryotic chromosome replication have focused almost exclusively on organisms with one chromosome. we defined and characterized the origins of replication of the two vibrio cholerae chromosomes, orici(vc) and oricii(vc). oricii(vc) differs from the origin assigned by bioinformatic analysis and is unrelated to orici(vc). oricii(vc)-based replication requires an internal 12 base pair repeat and two hypothetical genes that flank oricii(vc). one of these genes is conserved among diverse ... | 2003 | 12941279 |
| survey of vibrio cholerae o1 and its survival over the winter in marine water of port of osaka. | the survey of vibrio cholerae o1 in marine area was carried out in the port of osaka, japan in 1987-2001, and 51 v. cholerae o1 strains were isolated. all strains were identified to be of el tor biotype, ogawa serotype and classic ubon kappa-phage type, and were cholera toxin (ct)-negative and ct gene-negative. in order to clarify certain ecological aspects of v. cholerae o1 in the marine environment of the temperate zone, we performed molecular analysis of the isolated strains using pulsed-fiel ... | 2003 | 12948359 |
| peak occurrences of ciguatera fish poisoning precede cholera outbreaks in hong kong. | occurrences of ciguatera fish poisoning (cfp) and vibrio cholerae infected patients in hong kong were reviewed for the 13-year period 1989-2001. peak activity of cfp preceded peak activity of cholera in nine of the years except in 4 years (1990, 1991, 1992, 1996) where it was observed that the total number of cholera cases were all less than or equal to five per year (p < 0.05). average time interval was 2.4 months between peaks of cfp and vibrio cholerae outbreaks. findings suggested that the f ... | 2003 | 12948360 |
| multiple regulators control capsular polysaccharide production in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus, a biofouling marine bacterium and human pathogen, undergoes phase variation displaying translucent (tr) and opaque (op) colony morphologies. prior studies demonstrated that op colonies produce more capsular polysaccharide (cps) than tr colonies and that opacity is controlled by the vibrio harveyi luxr-type transcriptional activator opar. cps has also been shown to be regulated by the scrabc signaling pathway, which involves a ggdef-eal motif-containing sensory protein. t ... | 2003 | 12949095 |
| the variation of dtdp-l-rhamnose pathway genes in vibrio cholerae. | the genetic variation in the dtdp-l-rhamnose pathway genes (rmla, rmlb, rmlc and rmld) in vibrio cholerae was investigated. the genes are part of the o antigen gene cluster and the aim was to study lateral gene transfer of o antigen gene clusters. the rml genes of an o6 strain were cloned using an escherichia coli k-12 strain designed for selecting cloned rml genes. thirty-three strains carrying the known rhamnose-containing o antigens were probed with o6-based rml gene probes, and 19 were posit ... | 2003 | 12949172 |
| analysis of the vibrio pathogenicity island-encoded mop protein suggests a pleiotropic role in the virulence of epidemic vibrio cholerae. | epidemic vibrio cholerae contain a large essential virulence gene cluster called the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi). we recently reported that no in vitro difference in virulence was found in el tor strain n16961 containing a mutation in the vpi-encoded mop gene but this mutant was hypervirulent and reactogenic in rabbit ileal loops. in this paper, we report in vitro studies showing that independent mop mutants of strain 3083 are significantly attenuated (approximately 40-fold) in cholera tox ... | 2003 | 12951258 |
| the low complexity proteins from enteric pathogenic bacteria: taxonomic parallels embedded in diversity. | the number and functions of the low complexity (lc) proteins from four enteric bacterial pathogens escherichia coli o157, vibrio cholerae, helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni were compared. for this purpose the lc proteins were grouped into 3 categories for pairwise comparisons. these were common, variant and lc proteins with no homologues (lcnh). homologous lc proteins in both species in a given pairwise comparison were grouped as common. lc proteins of same function but not of low com ... | 2003 | 12954090 |
| identification of a unique iahp (icmf associated homologous proteins) cluster in vibrio cholerae and other proteobacteria through in silico analysis. | previously using global transcription profile approach, the icmf gene of v. cholerae was identified as an in vivo induced gene involved in the regulation of motility, adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. the present report shows that icmf has 27 homologues in the finished and unfinished microbial genome sequences available in the database and among them only legionella pneumophila icmf has been partially characterized. we first identified a gene cluster containing 15 genes surrounding icmf ... | 2003 | 12954091 |
| environmental determinants of vibrio cholerae biofilm development. | vibrio cholerae is a versatile bacterium that flourishes in diverse environments, including the human intestine, rivers, lakes, estuaries, and the ocean. surface attachment is believed to be essential for colonization of all of these natural environments. previous studies have demonstrated that the vps genes, which encode proteins required for exopolysaccharide synthesis and transport, are required for v. cholerae biofilm development in luria-bertani broth. in this work, we showed that v. choler ... | 2003 | 12957889 |
| role for mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin in promoting interactions between vibrio cholerae el tor and mussel hemolymph. | the role of mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) in vibrio cholerae o1 el tor interactions with hemolymph of the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis was studied. bacterial adherence to and association with hemocytes were evaluated at 4 and 18 degrees c, respectively. in hemolymph serum, the wild-type strain n16961 adhered to and associated with hemocytes about twofold more efficiently than its mutant lacking msha. in artificial seawater (asw), no significant differences between the two strains we ... | 2003 | 12957968 |
| genetic detoxification of bacterial toxins. | | 2003 | 12958454 |
| stimulation of mucosal immunity. | | 2003 | 12958460 |
| identifying and subtyping species of dangerous pathogens by automated ribotyping. | an investigation of dangerous bacterial pathogens was conducted to determine the usefulness of automated rrna operon ribotyping (riboprinter system) to identify species. a total of 26 isolates comprising bacillus anthracis, brucella spp., burkholderia mallei, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis were tested using restriction endonucleases ecori, psti, pvuii and asei. the main problem was that the system's database-relying on ecori as restriction enzyme-does not contain the essential dange ... | 2003 | 12967744 |
| conjugating low molecular mass carbohydrates to proteins. 2. recovery of excess ligand used in the conjugation reaction. | | 2003 | 12968362 |
| efficacy and tolerability of racecadotril in the treatment of cholera in adults: a double blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial. | the enkephalins, endogenous opiate substances, act as neurotransmitters along the entire digestive tract where they elicit intestinal antisecretory activity without affecting intestinal transit time or motility. racecadotril, through inhibition of enkephalinase, reinforces the physiological activity of endogenous enkephalins and, therefore, shows intestinal antisecretory activity. | 2003 | 12970133 |
| enzymes of vibrio cholerae. | | 1952 | 13002386 |
| in-vitro study of the actions of terramycin and chloromycetin against vibrio cholerae; preliminary report. | | 1952 | 13009451 |
| period of excretion of vibrio cholerae in convalescents. | | 1952 | 13019553 |
| a cholera medium with more than tenfold yield. | | 1952 | 13019554 |
| [influence of calcium on the stability of the receptor-destroying enzyme and on the protease activity of vibrio cholerae]. | | 1952 | 13020183 |
| dehydrogenation of various substrates by vibrio cholerae. | | 1953 | 13025490 |
| improved media for vibrio cholerae and salmonella used in human vaccines. | | 1953 | 13040663 |
| [pleomorphism of vibrio cholerae and nuclear bodies]. | | 1952 | 13043930 |
| immunologic characterization of a mucinolytic enzyme of vibrio cholerae. | | 1953 | 13069776 |
| the enzymatic hydrolysis of glutathione by vibrio cholerae. | | 1953 | 13095416 |
| [resistance of vibrio cholerae in various types of water with special reference to morphology and the problem of nuclear bodies]. | | 1953 | 13095749 |
| [variation of the toxic power of vivrio cholerae in the course of the disease]. | | 1953 | 13107156 |
| the citric acid cycle and bacterial oxidation of aromatic acids. | | 1953 | 13108865 |
| an experimental study of the mechanism of action of vibriod cholerae on the intestinal mucous membrane. | | 1953 | 13118463 |
| [the vibriocidal power of guinea pig serum considered as indicator of character "r" of vibrio cholerae]. | | 1953 | 13124912 |
| [vibrio comma type hikojima]. | | 1953 | 13124920 |
| [spontaneous and persistent appearance of globoid bodies and l forms in vibrio cholerae]. | | 1953 | 13125003 |
| studies on the elimination of non-specific inhibitors in sera against influenza viruses with the aid of filtrates of vibrio cholerae. | | 1953 | 13125328 |
| vgj phi, a novel filamentous phage of vibrio cholerae, integrates into the same chromosomal site as ctx phi. | we describe a novel filamentous phage, designated vgj phi, isolated from strain sg25-1 of vibrio cholerae o139, which infects all o1 (classical and el tor) and o139 strains tested. the sequence of the 7,542 nucleotides of the phage genome reveals that vgj phi has a distinctive region of 775 nucleotides and a conserved region with an overall genomic organization similar to that of previously characterized filamentous phages, such as ctx phi of v. cholerae and ff phages of escherichia coli. the co ... | 2003 | 13129939 |
| in vivo evidence for tonb dimerization. | tonb, in complex with exbb and exbd, is required for the energy-dependent transport of ferric siderophores across the outer membrane of escherichia coli, the killing of cells by group b colicins, and infection by phages t1 and phi80. to gain insights into the protein complex, tonb dimerization was studied by constructing hybrid proteins from complete tonb (containing amino acids 1 to 239) [tonb(1-239)] and the cytoplasmic fragment of toxr which, when dimerized, activates the transcription of the ... | 2003 | 13129945 |
| reclassification of vibrio hollisae as grimontia hollisae gen. nov., comb. nov. | the taxonomic positions of three representative strains of vibrio hollisae (lmg 17719(t), lmg 21416 and lmg 21538) were investigated by means of 16s rdna sequences and phenotypic data. v. hollisae strains (genbank/embl accession nos aj514909-aj514911) shared 99.5 % 16s rdna sequence similarity, but had only 94.6 % similarity to their closest phylogenetic neighbour, enterovibrio norvegicus. 16s rdna sequence similarity of v. hollisae and vibrio cholerae was only 91 %. these results suggest that v ... | 2003 | 13130058 |
| [induction of pleomorphism in vibrio comma by urethane]. | | 1953 | 13140669 |
| observations on the intestinal epithelium desquamating enzyme of vibrios isolated from cholera and non-cholera sources. | | 1953 | 13142650 |
| enzymes of v. cholerae with possible rôle in pathogenesis. | | 1953 | 13142651 |
| the use of rde to improve the sensitivity of the hemagglutination-inhibition test for the serologic diagnosis of influenza. | | 1954 | 13143204 |
| [antigenic relations between vibrio cholerae and brucella. ii. on the common thermostable antigenic fraction]. | | 1953 | 13148751 |
| the haemolytic activities of vibrio cholerae and related vibrios. | | 1954 | 13152625 |
| action of receptor-destroying enzyme of v. cholerae in rabies. | | 1954 | 13162498 |
| [contribution to the study of cholera toxin; variation of the toxic power of vibrio cholerae (ogawa) during the disease]. | | 1954 | 13171664 |
| action of the receptor destroying enzyme of v. cholera (rde) in guinea-pigs. | | 1954 | 13189834 |
| [action of organ mashes on l forms of vibrio comma]. | | 1954 | 13190811 |
| antigenic relationship between species of paracolobactrum and vibrio comma. | | 1954 | 13196251 |
| [increase of virulence of vibrio comma]. | | 1954 | 13196642 |
| effect of sodium chloride on the aspartic acid deaminase of v. cholerae. | | 1954 | 13200473 |
| [effect of the temperature of incubation on the experimental virulence of the cholera vibrio]. | | 1954 | 13209895 |
| studies on vibrio dissociation. i. smooth rough dissociation of v. cholerae in rosaniline agar. | | 1953 | 13210965 |
| [study of the release of bacteriophages by the lysogenic bacillus lisbonne]. | | 1954 | 13219425 |
| the viability of vibrio cholerae in the clam (meretrix casta). | | 1954 | 13232699 |
| [chick embryo as a medium for evaluation of therapeutic effects of antibiotics in experimental cholera]. | | 1955 | 13257787 |
| cholera studies. v. bacteriophage investigations. | this study is devoted to a general discussion of the role of bacteriophagy in cholera. the author examines early and late observations, indicating that a new epoch in the history of the subject began in 1927, when large-scale investigations on cholera bacteriophagy were started in india. the main results are set out under the following headings: fixation and inhibition of choleraphages; action of choleraphages on el tor vibrios; bacteriophage-produced vibrio variations; and the use of cholerapha ... | 1955 | 13260880 |
| an influenza epidemic in egypt, 1952-3, with special reference to haemagglutination inhibition. | an influenza epidemic occurred during the winter of 1952-3 in the sindbis health district, 30 kilometres north of cairo, which appears to have been due largely to type a (fm1) influenza virus. this conclusion is based on the isolation of virus and the development of hi (haemagglutination-inhibiting) antibodies in children.the development of hi antibodies to type c virus as well implies that a lower rate of infection was occurring with this virus at about the same period. whether this virus was r ... | 1955 | 13260888 |
| use of guinea-pig serum for identification of rough strains of vibrio cholerae. | | 1955 | 13262844 |
| the serologic character of cholera vibrio mucinase. | | 1955 | 13286479 |
| the effect of vibrio comma mucinase upon the permeability of mouse intestine. | | 1955 | 13286483 |
| neuropathic effect of newcastle disease virus in mice and modification of host response by receptor destroying enzyme, viral interference, and xerosin. | | 1956 | 13295600 |
| [sensitivity of vibrio comma to various antibiotics]. | | 1955 | 13300907 |
| [preparation for detection and stimulation of growth of vibrio comma]. | | 1955 | 13300922 |
| pathogenicity and antigenicity of streptomycin dependent mutants of vibrio comma (types: inaba and ogawa). | | 1955 | 13305582 |
| use of a streptomycin dependent strain of vibrio comma for quantitative assay of streptomycin. | | 1955 | 13305589 |
| nutritional requirements of a streptomycin-dependent vibrio comma (ogawa) and its use for the quantitative determination of streptomycin in urine and serum. | | 1956 | 13314554 |
| [chemical and biological properties of antigens of vibrio comma]. | | 1956 | 13325943 |
| a semisynthetic medium for cultivation of salmonella typhi and vibrio cholerae. | | 1956 | 13339328 |
| antigenic relationships and toxicity of mucinolytic preparations from vibrio comma and related vibrios. | | 1956 | 13345761 |
| [cleavage of n-acetyl-neuraminic acid from mucins by the receptor destroying enzyme from vibrio cholerae; short publication]. | | 1956 | 13357123 |
| experimental enteric shigella and vibrio infections in mice and guinea pigs. | a method has been devised for inhibiting the normal enteric flora, permitting long term asymptomatic enteric infections of mice and guinea pigs with streptomycin-resistant strains of shigella flexneri or vibrio cholerae. introduction of a streptomycin-resistant strain of e. coli into the intestinal tract of experimental animals resulted in a rapid elimination of the enteric pathogens studied. no in vitro production of antibiotic substances by this coli strain could be demonstrated. active and or ... | 1956 | 13357693 |
| studies on immunity to asiatic cholera. viii. the virulence of strains of vibrio cholerae for the mouse. | | 1956 | 13357778 |
| antibiotic sensitiveness of strains of cholera vibrio isolated during recent epidemic in calcutta. | | 1956 | 13366410 |
| antibacterial effects of some synthetic compounds on v. cholerae and other organisms. | | 1956 | 13367437 |
| nutritional studies on vibrio cholerae. | | 1956 | 13376884 |
| two different toxic fractions extracted from vibrio cholerae. | | 1956 | 13376915 |
| [nitrogen constituents of vibrio comma phosphatides]. | | 1956 | 13383315 |
| effect of blood on the viability of dried cultures of cholera vibrios. | | 1956 | 13387712 |
| [titration of anti-plague serum with specific polysaccharide of vibrio comma]. | | 1956 | 13393688 |
| effect of sodium chloride on adenosine deaminase, serine deaminase and tryptophanase of vibrio cholerae. | | 1956 | 13397517 |
| adaptation of the membrane filter technique to the recovery of vibrio comma from water samples. | | 1956 | 13398380 |
| [virulence and toxigenic power of vibrio cholerae. i. influence of incubation temperature on experimental virulence of vibrio cholerae (ogawa)]. | | 1955 | 13403265 |
| [virulence and toxigenic power of vibrio cholerae. ii. effect of incubation temperature on toxigenic power in vitro of vibrio cholerae (ogawa)]. | | 1955 | 13403288 |
| [contribution to the study of cholera toxin; influence of temperature of incubation on toxigenic power in vitro of vibrio cholerae (inaba)]. | | 1955 | 13403376 |
| electron-microscopic study on the flagella of vibrio comma. | | 1957 | 13405866 |
| a bacteriotoxic substance in autoclaved culture media containing glucose and phosphate. | | 1957 | 13425521 |
| neuraminidase: the specific enzyme of influenza virus and vibrio cholerae. | | 1957 | 13426178 |
| agglutinating efficiency and combining capacity of shigella and vibrio antisera from rabbits at different stages of immunization. | studies of the relative combining capacities of different antisera to vibrio cholerae and shigella flexneri were carried out using the talmage test. in this test the absorption of an i(131) labelled antibody preparation by antigen is blocked by the addition of unlabelled unknown serum. sera from rabbits in the early stages of immunization ("early antisera") had a high agglutinin titer, but low combining capacity. sera from hyperimmune rabbits ("late antisera") had higher combining capacities tha ... | 1957 | 13428929 |
| a study of antigenic variation in vibrio cholerae. | | 1957 | 13439157 |
| [cleavage of n-acetylnueraminic acid from mucins by the receptor-destroying enzyme from vibrio cholerae]. | | 1957 | 13448636 |