| is virus coinfection a predictor of severity in children with viral respiratory infections? | molecular assays have resulted in increased detection of viral respiratory infections, including virus coinfection, from children with acute respiratory infections. yet the clinical severity of virus coinfection compared to single virus infection remains uncertain. we performed a retrospective study of children presenting with acute respiratory infections comparing clinical severity of single respiratory virus infection to virus coinfection, detected on midturbinate swabs by molecular assays. pa ... | 2015 | 25596778 |
| children with down syndrome are high-risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus disease. | to assess down syndrome as an independent risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization in children younger than 3 years of age and to evaluate illness severity. | 2015 | 25596098 |
| 1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones as a new class of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitors. part 2: identification of bta9881 as a preclinical candidate. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, young children and adults. 1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones with general structure 1 were previously identified as promising inhibitors of rsv targeting the fusion glycoprotein. in particular, the introduction of a nitrogen at the 8-position of the tricyclic core yielded lead compounds 2 and 3. extensive exploration of the r(2) group established that certain heterocyclic amides conf ... | 2015 | 25595685 |
| the discovery of 1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones as a new class of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitors. part 1. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, young children and adults. compound 1a (9b-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1,2,3,9b-tetrahydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-one) was identified as an inhibitor of a and b strains of rsv targeting the fusion glycoprotein. sar was developed by systematic exploration of the phenyl (r(1)) and benzoyl (r(2)) groups. furthermore, introduction of a nitrogen at the 8-position of the tricyclic core resulted ... | 2015 | 25595682 |
| antiviral effects of jinxin oral liquid against respiratory syncytial virus infection in the balb/c mice model. | jinxin oral liquid (jol) is used in traditional chinese medicine (tcm) to treat influenza, cough, asthma, and viral pneumonia, on the basis of ma xing shi gan tang (mxsgt) and the clinical experience of professor wang shouchuan, one of the most prestigious pediatricians in china. | 2015 | 25593018 |
| relationship between meteorological conditions and respiratory syncytial virus in a tropical country. | this study aimed to determine which meteorological conditions are associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolates in a population of children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection (alri) in bogota, colombia. in an analytical cross-sectional study, links were examined between the number of monthly rsv infections and monthly average climatic variation (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, solar radiation) between 1 january 2010 and 30 april 2011 in a popul ... | 2015 | 25591796 |
| evaluation of novel second-generation rsv and influenza rapid tests at the point of care. | acute respiratory infections represent common pediatric emergencies. infection control warrants immediate and accurate diagnoses. in the past, first-generation respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rapid tests (strip tests) have shown suboptimal sensitivities. in 2013, the food and drug administration licensed a second-generation rsv rapid test providing user-independent readouts (sofia™-rsv) using automated fluorescence assay technology known to yield superior results with influenza rapid testing. ... | 2015 | 25583129 |
| vaccines 'on demand': science fiction or a future reality. | self-amplifying mrna vaccines are being developed as a platform technology with potential to be used for a broad range of targets. the synthetic production methods for their manufacture, combined with the modern tools of bioinformatics and synthetic biology, enable these vaccines to be produced rapidly from an electronic gene sequence. preclinical proof of concept has so far been achieved for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies, ebola, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus and ... | 2015 | 25582273 |
| recent advances in the management of acute bronchiolitis. | acute bronchiolitis is characterized by acute wheezing in infants or children and is associated with signs or symptoms of respiratory infection; it is rarely symptomatic in adults and the most common etiologic agent is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). usually it does not require investigation, treatment is merely supportive and a conservative approach seems adequate in the majority of children, especially for the youngest ones (<3 months); however, clinical scoring systems have been proposed a ... | 2014 | 25580257 |
| the role of tlr4 and cd14 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in greek infants. | clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection vary from minimal disease to severe acute bronchiolitis. the structural complex of tlr4/cd14 participates in the virus recognition as a component of natural immune response. genetic variations of tlr4/cd14 may explain great variations in disease severity. the aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of polymorphisms of tlr4, asp299gly and thr399ile and cd14, c-159t and c-550t in the development of rsv bronchioli ... | 2015 | 25572736 |
| a passive quantitative measurement of airway resistance using depth data. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. rsv often causes increased airway resistance, clinically detected as wheezing by chest auscultation. in this disease, expiratory flows are significantly reduced due to the high resistance in patient's airway passages. a quantitative method for measuring resistance can have a great benefit to diagnosis and management of children with rsv infections as well as ... | 2014 | 25571300 |
| environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the united states. | epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are known to occur in wintertime in temperate countries including the united states, but there is a limited understanding of the importance of climatic drivers in determining the seasonality of rsv. in the united states, rsv activity is highly spatially structured, with seasonal peaks beginning in florida in november through december and ending in the upper midwest in february-march, and prolonged disease activity in the southeastern us. using data ... | 2015 | 25569275 |
| use of palivizumab is underestimated in the swedish prescribed drug register - implications for register-based drug studies. | register studies are a valuable tool, when monitoring the safety of drugs. the swedish prescribed drug register (pdr) was established in 2005 and keeps records of all prescribed drugs dispensed in community pharmacies. drugs prescribed in-hospital are not registered on an individual level, which may hamper the validity of register-based studies on drugs potentially administered in-hospital. | 2015 | 25565893 |
| [palivizumab: four seasons in russia]. | in 2010, the russian federation (rf) registered palivizumab--innovative drug, based on monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization of seasonal respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children of disease severe progress risk group, which include primarily premature infants, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. currently, palivizumab is included in the list of recommended medicines and medical care standards of different count ... | 2014 | 25563005 |
| association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of us hospitalization data. | the importance of bacterial infections following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains unclear. we evaluated whether variations in rsv epidemic timing and magnitude are associated with variations in pneumococcal disease epidemics and whether changes in pneumococcal disease following the introduction of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) were associated with changes in the rate of hospitalizations coded as rsv. | 2015 | 25562317 |
| phosphatidylinositol inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects nearly all children under age 2, and reinfection occurs throughout life, seriously impacting adults with chronic pulmonary diseases. recent data demonstrate that the anionic pulmonary surfactant lipid phosphatidylglycerol (pg) exerts a potent antiviral effect against rsv in vitro and in vivo. phosphatidylinositol (pi) is also an anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipid, and we tested its antiviral activity. pi liposomes completely suppress interleukin-8 ... | 2015 | 25561461 |
| a cost-benefit analysis of the immunisation of children against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using the english hospital episode statistics (hes) data set. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of respiratory infection that is highly prevalent in infants, particularly those with underlying medical conditions. severe cases of rsv require hospitalisation as well as admission to intensive care and may even result in death. the objective of the study was to measure the net benefits that could arise from an immunisation programme of infants that may well eradicate rsv to a high degree and save the direct and indirect medical care costs fro ... | 2015 | 25557555 |
| tlr4 genotype and environmental lps mediate rsv bronchiolitis through th2 polarization. | while 30%-70% of rsv-infected infants develop bronchiolitis, 2% require hospitalization. it is not clear why disease severity differs among healthy, full-term infants; however, virus titers, inflammation, and th2 bias are proposed explanations. while tlr4 is associated with these disease phenotypes, the role of this receptor in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pathogenesis is controversial. here, we evaluated the interaction between tlr4 and environmental factors in rsv disease and defined the ... | 2015 | 25555213 |
| recombinant influenza virus carrying the conserved domain of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein confers protection against rsv without inflammatory disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most important causes for viral lower respiratory tract disease in humans. there is no licensed rsv vaccine. here, we generated recombinant influenza viruses (pr8/rsv.ha-g) carrying the chimeric constructs of hemagglutinin (ha) and central conserved-domains of the rsv g protein. pr8/rsv.ha-g virus showed lower pathogenicity without compromising immunogenicity in mice. single intranasal inoculation of mice with pr8/rsv.ha-g induced igg2a isotype dom ... | 2015 | 25553517 |
| effect of cleaning and disinfection of toys on infectious diseases and micro-organisms in daycare nurseries. | the rising number of children in daycare nurseries increases opportunities for the transmission of infectious diseases. pathogens may be transmitted directly from child to child via sneezing, coughing and touching, or indirectly via the environment. toys are among the fomites with the highest pathogen load, but their role in disease transmission is unknown. | 2015 | 25549827 |
| the role of human milk immunomodulators in protecting against viral bronchiolitis and development of chronic wheezing illness. | infants who are breastfed are at an immunological advantage when compared with formula fed infants, evidenced by decreased incidence of infections and diminished propensity for long term conditions, including chronic wheeze and/or asthma. exclusive breastfeeding reduces the duration of hospital admission, risk of respiratory failure and requirement for supplemental oxygen in infants hospitalised with bronchiolitis suggesting a potentially protective mechanism. this review examines the evidence a ... | 2015 | 27417364 |
| epidemiology of pathogen-specific respiratory infections among three us populations. | diagnostic tests for respiratory infections can be costly and time-consuming. improved characterization of specific respiratory pathogens by identifying frequent signs, symptoms and demographic characteristics, along with improving our understanding of coinfection rates and seasonality, may improve treatment and prevention measures. | 2014 | 25549089 |
| effectiveness of palivizumab in preventing rsv hospitalization in high risk children: a real-world perspective. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the major causes globally of childhood respiratory morbidity and hospitalization. palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, has been recommended for high risk infants to prevent severe rsv-associated respiratory illness. this recommendation is based on evidence of efficacy when used under clinical trial conditions. however the real-world effectiveness of palivizumab outside of clinical trials among different patient populations is no ... | 2014 | 25548575 |
| characterization of novel respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors identified by high throughput screen. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections with no effective treatment available. finding novel inhibitors of rsv is an important first step towards developing an efficacious rsv therapy. here we report the characterization of three novel classes of rsv replication inhibitors identified through a high throughput rsv replicon screen of ∼1million compounds in the astrazeneca compound collection. these inhibitors, cpd 1, 2, and 3, specifically targeted ... | 2015 | 25542974 |
| [impact of a targeted educational intervention on respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis prevention in full-term and preterm infants]. | palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), is the only existent immunoprophylaxis therapy for prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by rsv in infants (up to 2 years of age), particularly in those who meet high-risk criteria (preterm infants and/or those with bronchopulmonary or congenital heart disease). in our region, the monthly injections are not given at the hospital but by private pediatricians during the epidemic ... | 2015 | 25534557 |
| risk factors for requiring intensive care among children admitted to ward with bronchiolitis. | to examine risk factors for transfer of bronchiolitis patients from the ward to the intensive care unit (icu) and/or initiation of critical care interventions. | 2016 | 25528126 |
| pulmonary immunity during respiratory infections in early life and the development of severe asthma. | asthma affects 10% of the population in westernized countries, being most common in children. it is a heterogeneous condition characterized by chronic allergic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) to normally innocuous antigens. combination therapies with inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators effectively manage mild to moderate asthma, but there are no cures, and patients with severe asthma do not respond to these treatments. the inception of asth ... | 2014 | 25525736 |
| [roles of cd4+cd25+foxp3+ regulatory t cells and il-33 in the pathogenesis of asthma in children]. | to study the roles of cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) regulatory t cells (treg) and il-33 in the pathogenesis of asthma in children. | 2014 | 25523567 |
| clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized infants. | to investigate the clinical characteristics and analyze risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in hospitalized infants with acute lower respiratory tract infections (alris). | 2014 | 25515808 |
| recombinant influenza virus expressing a fusion protein neutralizing epitope of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) confers protection without vaccine-enhanced rsv disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of viral bronchiolitis in both children and the elderly. there is no vaccine available for the prevention of rsv infection. here, we generated recombinant influenza virus (pr8/rsv.ha-f) expressing an rsv f243-294 neutralizing epitope in the hemagglutinin (ha) as a chimeric protein. neutralizing antibodies specific for both rsv and influenza virus were induced by a single intranasal immunization of mice with pr8/rsv.ha-f. mice that were immun ... | 2015 | 25513755 |
| hospitalizations associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus among patients attending a network of private hospitals in south africa, 2007-2012. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are common causes of lower respiratory tract illness. data on their burden in low and middle-income settings and from africa are scarce. we aimed to estimate age-specific rates of hospitalization attributable to influenza and rsv among patients attending private hospitals in south africa during 2007-2012. | 2014 | 25510622 |
| evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) direct antigen detection assays for use in point-of-care testing. | rsv infections cause lower respiratory tract infections and result in surges in physician's office, emergency department visits and hospitalizations, especially in infants and toddlers. point-of-care (poc) testing reduces healthcare costs and permits informed decisions on treatment, however, optimal poc assays must be sensitive, easy to perform and provide rapid results. a prospective study tested 230 patient nasopharyngeal specimens using 4 rsv direct antigen detection assays (directigen, quick ... | 2015 | 25500182 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection-associated hospitalization in adults: a retrospective cohort study. | once considered primarily a pediatric concern, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is gaining recognition as a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in adults. a better understanding of rsv epidemiology and disease in adults is needed to guide patient management and to assess the need for prophylaxis, vaccines, and treatments. | 2014 | 25494918 |
| clinical evaluation of viral acute respiratory tract infections in children presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in the netherlands. | the relative incidence and clinical impact of individual respiratory viruses remains unclear among children presenting to the hospital emergency department with acute respiratory tract infection (arti). | 2014 | 25491885 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in hospitalized infants and young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of pediatric hospitalization, but the mortality rate and estimated annual deaths are based on decades-old data. our objective was to describe contemporary rsv-associated mortality in hospitalized infants and children aged <2 years. | 2015 | 25489019 |
| neurally adjusted ventilator assist (nava) reduces asynchrony during non-invasive ventilation for severe bronchiolitis. | to determine the prevalence of main inspiratory asynchrony events during non-invasive intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (niv) for severe bronchiolitis. ventilator response time and asynchrony were compared in neurally adjusted ventilator assist (nava) and in pressure assist/control (pac) modes. | 2015 | 25488197 |
| raman spectroscopy characterization of antibody phases in serum. | when administered in serum, an efficacious therapeutic antibody should be homogeneous to minimize immune reactions or injection site irritation during administration. monoclonal antibody (mab) phase separation is one type of inhomogeneity observed in serum, and thus screening potential phase separation of mabs in serum could guide lead optimization. however, serum contains numerous components, making it difficult to resolve mab/serum mixtures at a scale amenable to analysis in a discovery settin ... | 2014 | 25484036 |
| serum palivizumab level is associated with decreased severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease in high-risk infants. | monthly doses of palivizumab, an rsv-specific monoclonal antibody, reduce rsv-related hospitalizations (rsvh) in high-risk children; however, no specific palivizumab level has been correlated with disease severity in humans. a post hoc analysis of a previous randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the relationship between serum palivizumab level at the time of rsvh and disease severity. pediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission was the primary severity marker. relationships were eval ... | 2014 | 25483663 |
| a population-weighted, condition-adjusted estimate of palivizumab efficacy in preventing rsv-related hospitalizations among us high-risk children. | preterm infants ≤ 35 weeks' gestational age (ga), and children ≤ 24 months of age with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) or hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (hschd) are at high risk for developing severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease. in 3 previous randomized, placebo-controlled trials, palivizumab efficacy varied significantly based on these underlying conditions, and trial enrollment was not proportional to condition prevalence. this analysis provides the first e ... | 2014 | 25483483 |
| bacterial lysates improve the protective antibody response against respiratory viruses through toll-like receptor 4. | respiratory viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in infants and young children worldwide. current strategies to modulate the immune system and prevent or treat respiratory viral infections in this age group have shown limited success. here, we demonstrate that a lysate derived from gram-positive and gram-negative organisms positively modulates protective antibody responses against both respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus in murine models of infection. interestingly ... | 2014 | 25483455 |
| the eukaryotic elongation factor 1a is critical for genome replication of the paramyxovirus respiratory syncytial virus. | the eukaryotic translation factor eef1a assists replication of many rna viruses by various mechanisms. here we show that down-regulation of eef1a restricts the expression of viral genomic rna and the release of infectious virus, demonstrating a biological requirement for eef1a in the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) life cycle. the key proteins in the replicase/transcriptase complex of rsv; the nucleocapsid (n) protein, phosphoprotein (p) and matrix (m) protein, all associate with eef1a in rsv ... | 2014 | 25479059 |
| respiratory syncytial virus--united states, july 2012-june 2014. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes lower respiratory infection among infants and young children worldwide. annually in the united states, rsv infection has been associated with an estimated 57,527 hospitalizations and 2.1 million outpatient visits among children aged <5 years. in temperate climate zones, rsv generally circulates during the fall, winter, and spring. however, the exact timing and duration of rsv seasons vary by region and from year-to-year. knowing the start of the rsv seaso ... | 2014 | 25474034 |
| [incidence and severity of pertussis in infants with a respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | pertussis is a re-emerging disease that mostly affects infants. at this age, the severity can be affected by intercurrent infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2017 | 25459193 |
| randomized trial to evaluate azithromycin's effects on serum and upper airway il-8 levels and recurrent wheezing in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy is a major risk factor for recurrent wheezing and asthma. because azithromycin attenuated neutrophilic airway inflammation in a murine viral bronchiolitis model, demonstration of similar effects in human subjects might provide a strategy for the prevention of postbronchiolitis recurrent wheezing. | 2015 | 25458910 |
| many respiratory viruses have temporal association with meningococcal disease. | previous ecological studies have shown a temporal and spatial association between influenza epidemics and meningococcal disease (mng); however, none have examined more than two respiratory viruses. | 2015 | 25456529 |
| [update of recommendations on the use of palivizumab as prophylaxis in rsv infections]. | the standards committee of the spanish neonatology society (seneo) considers that the new document from the american academy of pediatrics, including recommendations for palivizumab use to prevent serious infections produced by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), provides no new scientific evidence which would justify the modification of the current recommendations of the seneo. however, some adjustments to the criteria of the existing recommendations are proposed to reduce the cost of the dr ... | 2015 | 25453311 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchiolitis. | | 2014 | 25452661 |
| editorial: rsv: a new box of delights for an old enemy. | | 2014 | 25452617 |
| galectin-9 ameliorates respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary immunopathology through regulating the balance between th17 and regulatory t cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are characterized by lung inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and hyperresponsiveness. cd4+ t cells play a pivotal role in the development of rsv-induced lung pathology. thus targeting the activation of cd4+ t cell subsets and enhancing regulatory functions of cd4+ t cells could be an effectively therapeutic approach. in the present study, we showed that rsv-induced lung inflammation can be suppressed by lectin family member galectin-9 (gal-9), which ... | 2015 | 25451068 |
| mechanism of action for respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor rsv604. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children and other high-risk populations. rsv nucleoprotein (n) is essential for virus assembly and replication as part of the viral ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex. rsv604 was a putative n inhibitor in phase 2 clinical trials whose molecular mechanism of action (moa) was not well understood. this study investigated the cell line-dependent potency of rsv604 and demonstrated its direct bind ... | 2015 | 25451060 |
| [vrs bronchiolitis with severe hyponatremia leading to acute seizures: a report of three cases]. | acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can present with extrapulmonary manifestations, notably severe hyponatremia. hyponatremia is caused by excess secretion of antidiuretic hormone and can be exacerbated by intravenous infusion of hypotonic solutions. we report three cases of infants admitted for acute bronchiolitis and hyponatremia leading to acute seizures. we describe how hyponatremia was corrected and analyze the management aspects that might have worsened the magnitu ... | 2014 | 25445128 |
| the first wheezing episode: respiratory virus etiology, atopic characteristics, and illness severity. | susceptibility to early rhinovirus-induced wheezing has been recognized as an important risk factor for childhood asthma, but data on the first wheezing episode are limited. the aim of this selected population study was to investigate virus etiology, atopic characteristics, and illness severity, as well as their interrelation, among first-time wheezing children. | 2014 | 25444257 |
| risk factors associated with death in patients with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of viral respiratory tract infection in children. this retrospective study describes the clinical characteristics of severe rsv infection and determines the risk factors for death. | 2016 | 25442868 |
| risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with congenital cystic lung disease. | congenital cystic lung disease (ccld), which includes congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestration, and congenital lobar emphysema, has been reported to increase the risk of recurrent respiratory infection. in particular, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in high-risk infants. the objective of this study was to investigate the risk of severe rsv infection in infants with ccld. | 2015 | 25441859 |
| screening for respiratory syncytial virus and isolation strategies in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection. | nosocomial infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important health risk in pediatric care but is largely preventable by efficient infection control measures. commonly applied rapid antigen detection tests (radts) miss a considerable number of rsv-infected patients. the objective of our analysis was to evaluate whether readily available host parameters are associated with false-negative radt, and to assess how these parameters could be applied in an optimized rsv isolation strateg ... | 2014 | 25437026 |
| viperin protein expression inhibits the late stage of respiratory syncytial virus morphogenesis. | we examined the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on viperin protein expression in the permissive hep2 and non-permissive raw 264.7 macrophage cell lines. in rsv-infected hep2 cells low levels of the viperin protein was localized to the virus-induced inclusion bodies and did not impair virus transmission in these cells. in contrast, rsv-infected raw 264.7 cells increased expression of the stat1 protein occurred at between 6 and 12h post-infection, which coincided with the app ... | 2015 | 25433308 |
| clinical performance evaluation of the sofia rsv fia rapid antigen test for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | a recently introduced sofia respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fluorescent immunoassay (fia) was evaluated against the binaxnow rsv card and the sd bioline rsv test using 348 respiratory samples. the sofia, binaxnow, and sd bioline kits showed sensitivities of 66%, 65%, and 64%, respectively, for detecting rsv-a, and 71%, 63%, and 65% for detecting rsv-b, respectively. | 2015 | 25428155 |
| respiratory syncytial virus human experimental infection model: provenance, production, and sequence of low-passaged memphis-37 challenge virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children and is responsible for as many as 199,000 childhood deaths annually worldwide. to support the development of viral therapeutics and vaccines for rsv, a human adult experimental infection model has been established. in this report, we describe the provenance and sequence of rsv memphis-37, the low-passage clinical isolate used for the model's reproducible, safe, experimental infections of heal ... | 2014 | 25415360 |
| the enigma ml fluab-rsv assay: a fully automated molecular test for the rapid detection of influenza a, b and respiratory syncytial viruses in respiratory specimens. | the enigma(®) ml fluab-rsv assay (enigma diagnostics, porton down, salisbury, uk) is a ce-ivd marked multiplex molecular panel for the detection of influenza a, b and respiratory syncytial viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs. the assay runs on the fully automated enigma ml platform without further specimen manipulation and provides a sample-to-answer result within 95 min. the reported sensitivity and specificity for influenza a are 100% (95% ci: 98.2-100) and 98.3% (95% ci: 95.5-99.4), respectively, ... | 2015 | 25399865 |
| overview of the 3rd isirv-antiviral group conference--advances in clinical management. | this review highlights the main points which emerged from the presentations and discussions at the 3rd isirv-antiviral group conference - advances in clinical management. the conference covered emerging and potentially pandemic influenza viruses and discussed novel/pre-licensure therapeutics and currently approved antivirals and vaccines for the control of influenza. current data on approved and novel treatments for non-influenza respiratory viruses such as mers-cov, respiratory syncytial virus ... | 2015 | 25399715 |
| optimization of potent and selective quinazolinediones: inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus that block rna-dependent rna-polymerase complex activity. | a quinazolinedione-derived screening hit 2 was discovered with cellular antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (cpe ec50 = 2.1 μm), moderate efficacy in reducing viral progeny (4.2 log at 10 μm), and marginal cytotoxic liability (selectivity index, si ∼ 24). scaffold optimization delivered analogs with improved potency and selectivity profiles. most notable were compounds 15 and 19 (ec50 = 300-500 nm, cc50 > 50 μm, si > 100), which significantly reduced viral titer (>400,000-fold ... | 2014 | 25399509 |
| rsv: immunoprophylaxis and non-invasive respiratory support in ex-preterms: a northern uk perspective. | recent guidance has suggested that immunoprophylaxis with monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) should be extended to ex-preterm infants who are moderate-to-late-preterm and discharged home during the rsv season. noninvasive respiratory support (niv) for infants with bronchiolitis is becoming widespread with little supporting evidence for efficacy over nonpressure support methods. we used multicentre prospective audit and service evaluation to evaluate whether extension o ... | 2015 | 25393723 |
| il-6 receptor α defines effector memory cd8+ t cells producing th2 cytokines and expanding in asthma. | cytokine receptors can be markers defining different t-cell subsets and considered as therapeutic targets. the association of il-6 and il-6 receptor α (il-6rα) with asthma was reported, suggesting their involvement in asthma. | 2014 | 25390970 |
| inhibitors of the interferon response enhance virus replication in vitro. | virus replication efficiency is influenced by two conflicting factors, kinetics of the cellular interferon (ifn) response and induction of an antiviral state versus speed of virus replication and virus-induced inhibition of the ifn response. disablement of a virus's capacity to circumvent the ifn response enables both basic research and various practical applications. however, such ifn-sensitive viruses can be difficult to grow to high-titer in cells that produce and respond to ifn. the current ... | 2014 | 25390891 |
| utilization of viral molecular diagnostics among children hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia. | to examine whether results of a polymerase chain reaction-based respiratory viral panel (rvp) are associated with changes in antibiotic use or differential clinical outcomes among children hospitalized with pneumonia. | 2014 | 25362079 |
| the burden of single virus and viral coinfections on severe lower respiratory tract infections among preterm infants: a prospective birth cohort study in brazil. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with severe lower respiratory tract infection (lrti), especially in preterm infants. other viruses, co-detected with rsv, may play a role in the severity of respiratory outcomes. | 2014 | 25361184 |
| clinical risk factors for life-threatening lower respiratory tract infections in children: a retrospective study in an urban city in malaysia. | lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in low income countries. the aim of this study was to determine risk factors of life-threatening lrtis in hospitalised children in malaysia. | 2014 | 25360811 |
| viral etiology of respiratory tract infections in children at the pediatric hospital in ouagadougou (burkina faso). | acute respiratory infections (aris) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in africa. the circulation of viruses classically implicated in aris is poorly known in burkina faso. the aim of this study was to identify the respiratory viruses present in children admitted to or consulting at the pediatric hospital in ouagadougou. | 2014 | 25360527 |
| infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing. | there is evidence that respiratory viruses play a key role in the development and exacerbation of obstructive respiratory diseases in children. this review attempts to juxtapose the separate profiles and prototypes of pathogenetic mechanisms represented by the two most common amongst such viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human rhinovirus (hrv). rsv represents the most common agent of severe airway disease in infants and young children, and is predominant in winter months. large epi ... | 2015 | 25359340 |
| social, economic, and health impact of the respiratory syncytial virus: a systematic search. | bronchiolitis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and its related complications are common in infants born prematurely, with severe congenital heart disease, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well as in immunosuppressed infants. there is a rich literature on the different aspects of rsv infection with a focus, for the most part, on specific risk populations. however, there is a need for a systematic global analysis of the impact of rsv infection in terms of use of resources and healt ... | 2014 | 25358423 |
| management of respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies. | despite preventive strategies and increased awareness, a high incidence of respiratory viral infections still occur in patients with hematologic malignancies (hms) and in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplant (hct). progression of these viral infections to lower respiratory tract may prove fatal, especially in hct recipients. increasing evidence on the successful use of ribavirin (alone or in combination with immunomodulators) for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in ... | 2014 | 25352629 |
| clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. | this guideline is a revision of the clinical practice guideline, "diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis," published by the american academy of pediatrics in 2006. the guideline applies to children from 1 through 23 months of age. other exclusions are noted. each key action statement indicates level of evidence, benefit-harm relationship, and level of recommendation. key action statements are as follows: | 2014 | 25349312 |
| elective cesarean delivery as a predisposing factor of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children. | to investigate the effect of cesarean delivery and other predisposing factors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-positive acute bronchiolitis in children. | 2014 | 25345258 |
| children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection in saskatchewan pediatric tertiary care centers, 2002-2005. | to describe the epidemiology and severity of illness of children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, including those who received palivizumab prophylaxis, at royal university hospital (ruh), saskatoon and regina general hospital (rgh) from july 2002 to june 2005. | 2014 | 25344181 |
| prolonged seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus infection among preterm infants in a subtropical climate. | there is limited epidemiological data on the seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in subtropical climates, such as in taiwan. this study aimed to assess rsv seasonality among children ≤24 months of age in taiwan. we also assessed factors (gestational age [ga], chronologic age [ca], and bronchopulmonary dysplasia [bpd]) associated with rsv-associated hospitalization in preterm infants to confirm the appropriateness of the novel taiwanese rsv prophylactic policy. | 2014 | 25333346 |
| [respiratory virus infections in adult patients hospitalized in an internal medicine unit]. | respiratory viral infections (rvi) can be associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations. | 2014 | 25327313 |
| immunity to rsv in early-life. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the commonest cause of severe respiratory infection in infants, leading to over 3 million hospitalizations and around 66,000 deaths worldwide each year. rsv bronchiolitis predominantly strikes apparently healthy infants, with age as the principal risk factor for severe disease. the differences in the immune response to rsv in the very young are likely to be key to determining the clinical outcome of this common infection. remarkable age-related differences in ... | 2014 | 25324843 |
| therapy of respiratory viral infections with intranasal sirnas. | chemically synthesized short interfering rna (sirna) has ushered a new era in the application of rna interference (rnai) against viral genes. we have paid particular attention to respiratory viruses that wreak heavy morbidity and mortality worldwide. the clinically significant ones include respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus (piv) (two paramyxoviruses), and influenza virus (an orthomyxovirus). as the infection by these viruses is clinically restricted to the respiratory tissue ... | 2015 | 25319655 |
| does cesarean section pose a risk of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infants and children? | to determine the risk of acquiring acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants and children delivered by the mode of cesarean section (c-section). | 2014 | 25312107 |
| reprint of: perinatal and early childhood environmental factors influencing allergic asthma immunopathogenesis. | the prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically over the past several decades. while hereditary factors are highly important, the rapid rise outstrips the pace of genomic variation. great emphasis has been placed on potential modifiable early life exposures leading to childhood asthma. | 2014 | 25308874 |
| partial palivizumab prophylaxis and increased risk of hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in a medicaid population: a retrospective cohort analysis. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is common among young children insured through medicaid in the united states. complete and timely dosing with palivizumab is associated with lower risk of rsv-related hospitalizations, but up to 60% of infants who receive palivizumab in medicaid population do not receive full prophylaxis. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of partial palivizumab prophylaxis with the risk of rsv hospitalization among high-risk medicaid-insure ... | 2014 | 25308481 |
| humidity and respiratory virus transmission in tropical and temperate settings. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are similarly structured viruses with similar environmental survival, but different routes of transmission. while rsv is transmitted predominantly by direct and indirect contact, influenza is also transmitted by aerosol. the cold, dry conditions of temperate winters appear to encourage the transmission of both viruses, by increasing influenza virus survival in aerosols, and increasing influenza and rsv survival on surfaces. in contrast, the hot, we ... | 2015 | 25307020 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and its propensity for causing bronchiolitis. | infants and young children with acute onset of wheezing and reduced respiratory airflows are often diagnosed with obstruction and inflammation of the small bronchiolar airways, ie bronchiolitis. the most common aetological agents causing bronchiolitis in young children are the respiratory viruses, and of the commonly encountered respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has a propensity for causing bronchiolitis. indeed, rsv bronchiolitis remains the major reason why previously heal ... | 2015 | 25302625 |
| antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children under two years of age. | bronchiolitis is a serious, potentially life-threatening respiratory illness commonly affecting babies. it is often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). antibiotics are not recommended for bronchiolitis unless there is concern about complications such as secondary bacterial pneumonia or respiratory failure. nevertheless, they are often used. | 2014 | 25300167 |
| safety and effectiveness of palivizumab in children at high risk of serious disease due to respiratory syncytial virus infection: a systematic review. | lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is the leading cause of infant mortality globally in post-neonatal infants (i.e., 28-364 days of age). respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most commonly identified pathogen for infant lrti and is the second most important cause of death in post-neonatal infants. despite 50 years of rsv vaccine research, there is still no approved vaccine. therefore, passive immunity with the monoclonal antibody palivizumab is the sole regulatory-approved option for t ... | 2014 | 25297809 |
| an insect cell derived respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f nanoparticle vaccine induces antigenic site ii antibodies and protects against rsv challenge in cotton rats by active and passive immunization. | post-infectious immunity to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection results in limited protection as evidenced by the high rate of infant hospitalization in the face of high titer, maternally derived rsv-specific antibodies. by contrast, rsv fusion (f) glycoprotein antigenic site ii humanized monoclonal antibodies, palivizumab and motavizumab, have been shown to reduce rsv-related hospitalization in infants. immunogenicity and efficacy studies were conducted in cotton rats comparing a recomb ... | 2014 | 25269094 |
| impaired gamma delta t cell-derived il-17a and inflammasome activation during early respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection remains a significant global health burden disproportionately affecting infants and leading to long-term lung disease. interleukin (il)-17a has been shown to be involved in regulating viral and allergic lung inflammatory responses, which has led to a more recent interest in its role in rsv infection. using a neonatal mouse model of rsv, we demonstrate that neonates fail to develop il-17a responses compared with adult mice; the main immediate il-17a con ... | 2015 | 25267484 |
| diagnosing heart failure in children with congenital heart disease and respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the objective of this study is to examine if the b-type natriuretic peptide (bnp) can be used in diagnosing heart failure (hf) in children with congenital heart disease (chd) who present to the emergency department (ed) with acute bronchiolitis. | 2014 | 25261398 |
| nasopharyngeal gene expression, a novel approach to study the course of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes mild infections in the vast majority of children. however, in some cases, it causes severe disease, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. development of severe rsv infection is determined by the host response. therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify biomarkers associated with severe rsv infection. to identify biomarkers, nasopharyngeal gene expression was profiled by microarray studies, resulting in the selection of five genes: ubiquitin d, t ... | 2015 | 25261323 |
| ribavirin: the need for exposure precautions. | ribavirin is used in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in high-risk patients, including patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, to reduce mortality from rsv pneumonia. it is classified as a hazardous drug with potential for carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. very few recent studies have examined the risk of exposure, and recommendations for exposure precautions are lacking. administration should include the use of personal protective equipment and t ... | 2014 | 25253120 |
| common questions about outpatient care of premature infants. | preterm births (deliveries before 37 weeks' gestation) comprise 12% of all u.s. births and are responsible for onethird of all infant deaths. neonatal medical advances have increased survival, and primary care physicians often care for infants who were in the neonatal intensive care unit after birth. functions of the primary care physician include coordination of medical and social services, nutritional surveillance, and managing conditions associated with prematurity. parental guidance and enco ... | 2014 | 25250998 |
| refining the balance of attenuation and immunogenicity of respiratory syncytial virus by targeted codon deoptimization of virulence genes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important pathogen for lower respiratory tract illness in children for which there is no licensed vaccine. live-attenuated rsv vaccines are the most clinically advanced in children, but achieving an optimal balance of attenuation and immunogenicity is challenging. one way to potentially retain or enhance immunogenicity of attenuated virus is to mutate virulence genes that suppress host immune responses. the ns1 and ns2 virulence genes of the rsv a2 s ... | 2014 | 25249281 |
| seroprevalence of respiratory syncytial virus igg among healthy young adults in basic training for the republic of korea air force. | this investigation enrolled 570 healthy young males gathered from all over the country for military service at the republic of korea air force boot camp. it confirmed rsv igg seroprevalence by utilizing the enzyme immunoassay method just prior to undergoing basic training. the mean age of this study was 20.25 ± 1.34 yr old. the results of their immunoassay seroprofiles showed that 561 men (98.4%) were positive, 2 (0.4%) were negative and 7 (1.2%) were equivocal belonging to the grey zone. it was ... | 2014 | 25246755 |
| additive protection induced by mixed virus-like particles presenting respiratory syncytial virus fusion or attachment glycoproteins. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important pathogen for lower respiratory tract illness in infants and a high priority for vaccine development. we previously reported that rsv virus-like particles (vlps) expressing either the fusion (f) or attachment (g) glycoprotein could confer protection against rsv challenge in balb/c mice. here, we tested the hypothesis that rsv vlp vaccine efficacy can be enhanced by mixing rsv vlp f and rsv vlp g, and we analyzed host responses to these rsv v ... | 2014 | 25239522 |
| caesarean section and hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection: a population-based study. | hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and asthma share common determinants, and meta-analyses indicate that children delivered by caesarean section (cs) are at increased risk of asthma. we aimed to investigate whether birth by cs is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for rsv illness. | 2015 | 25232778 |
| double-stapled respiratory syncytial virus may prevent nasopulmonary infection. | | 2014 | 25226620 |
| the use of a multiplex real-time pcr assay for diagnosing acute respiratory viral infections in children attending an emergency unit. | the use of a multiplex molecular technique to identify the etiological pathogen of respiratory viral infections might be a support as clinical signs are not characteristic. | 2014 | 25223920 |
| hospital length-of-stay is associated with rhinovirus etiology of bronchiolitis. | to determine whether hospital length-of-stay (los) for bronchiolitis is influenced by the causative virus: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or rhinovirus. | 2014 | 25222302 |
| is radiological appearance of lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus a predictor of clinical outcome? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection is the most common viral infection in childhood. rsv-infected infants demonstrate various radiographic findings. the aim of the study is to evaluate whether assessment of radiological characteristics of lower tract infection due to rsv may be a predictor of clinical outcome in newborns. | 2015 | 25211292 |
| comparison of the simplexa™ flu a/b & rsv kit (nucleic acid extraction-dependent assay) and the prodessa proflu+™ assay for detecting influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. | the relative performance of 2 widely used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays, the focus diagnostics simplexa™ flu a/b & rsv kit (nucleic acid extraction-dependent assay) and the prodessa proflu+™ assay, was evaluated using 735 prospectively and retrospectively collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens. overall, the assays showed positive and negative agreements of 100% and 99.7% for influenza a, 98.1% and 99.9% for influenza b, and 99.3% and 99.5% for respiratory syncy ... | 2014 | 25209363 |