| effect of preexisting serum and mucosal antibody on experimental respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge and infection of adults. | we studied preexisting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific serum and nasal antibodies and their correlation with infectivity, viral dynamics, and disease severity in a human experimental infection model. higher preinoculation serum neutralizing antibody titers and nasal immunoglobulin (ig) a predicted lower infectivity and lower measures of viral replication. however, once individuals were infected, no significant protective effect of preexisting antibodies was seen. lack of correlation b ... | 2015 | 25977264 |
| population-based incidence and etiology of community-acquired neonatal viral infections in bangladesh: a community-based and hospital-based surveillance study. | the etiology of >90% of cases of suspected neonatal infection remains unknown. we conducted community-based surveillance in conjunction with hospital-based surveillance in a rural region in bangladesh from june 2006 to september 2007 to assess the incidence and etiology of community-acquired viral infections among neonates. | 2015 | 25961894 |
| blocking respiratory syncytial virus entry: a story with twists. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for majority of infant hospitalizations due to viral infections. despite its clinical importance, no vaccine against rsv or effective antiviral therapy is available. several structural classes of small-molecule rsv entry inhibitor have been described and one compound has advanced to clinical testing. mutations in either one of two resistance hot spots in the f protein mediate unusual pan-resistance to all of these inhibitor classes. based on the b ... | 2015 | 25961744 |
| respiratory syncytial virus as a cause of acute respiratory infections in adults. an emerging disease? | | 2015 | 25956018 |
| long-term burden and respiratory effects of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in preterm infants-the spring study. | the health status of premature infants born 321-350 weeks' gestational age (wga) hospitalized for rsv infection in the first year of life (cases; n = 125) was compared to that of premature infants not hospitalized for rsv (controls; n = 362) through 6 years. the primary endpoints were the percentage of children with wheezing between 2-6 years and lung function at 6 years of age. secondary endpoints included quality of life, healthcare resource use, and allergic sensitization. a significantly hig ... | 2015 | 25955487 |
| three-weekly doses of azithromycin for indigenous infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis: a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | bronchiolitis is a major health burden in infants globally, particularly among indigenous populations. it is unknown if 3 weeks of azithromycin improve clinical outcomes beyond the hospitalization period. in an international, double-blind randomized controlled trial, we determined if 3 weeks of azithromycin improved clinical outcomes in indigenous infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis. | 2015 | 25954737 |
| discovery of imidazopyridine derivatives as highly potent respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitors. | a series of imidazolepyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized according to the established docking studies. the imidazopyridine derivatives were found to have good potency and physical-chemical properties. several highly potent compounds such as 8ji, 8jl, and 8jm were identified with single nanomolar activities. the most potent compound 8jm showed an ic50 of 3 nm, lower microsome clearance and no cyp inhibition. the profile of 8jm appeared to be superior to bms433771, and supported fur ... | 2015 | 25941547 |
| frequent asymptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infections during an epidemic in a rural kenyan household cohort. | the characteristics, determinants, and potential contribution to transmission of asymptomatic cases of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection have not been well described. | 2015 | 25941331 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus replication and virus-induced p38 kinase activity by berberine. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe lower respiratory tract infection and poses a major public health threat worldwide. no effective vaccines or therapeutics are currently available; berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from various medicinal plants, has been shown to exert antiviral and several other biological effects. recent studies have shown that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) activity is implicated in infection by and replication of viruses such as rsv and the influ ... | 2015 | 25939536 |
| rsv p-protein impairs extrinsic apoptosis pathway in a macrophage-like cell line persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | disabling apoptosis is practically a mandatory step for establishing and maintaining viral persistence in host cells. thus, persisting viruses have evolved strategies to impair apoptosis mechanisms. apoptosis can be induced through either the intrinsic or the extrinsic pathway. previously, we reported that staurosporine-induced intrinsic apoptotic pathway was down-regulated in a macrophage cell line persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv, mφp). in the present study, our resu ... | 2015 | 25937519 |
| detection of adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: exacerbation versus stable condition. | latent infection with adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the role of respiratory viral infections are emerging in copd exacerbations. the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of adenovirus and rsv serotypes a and b in individuals with acute exacerbations of copd (copd-ae) and stable copd. twenty seven patients with copd-ae were evaluated using a prospective longitudinal study design. induced sputum, sera ... | 2015 | 25936369 |
| addressing a challenge with a challenge. investigating respiratory syncytial virus immunity with the human challenge model. | | 2015 | 25932761 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in children with influenza-like illness. | | 2015 | 25929636 |
| caspase-1 independent viral clearance and adaptive immunity against mucosal respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is recognized by the innate immune system through toll like receptors (tlrs) and retinoic acid inducible gene i. these pathways lead to the activation of type i interferons and resistance to infection. in contrast to tlrs, very few studies have examined the role of nod-like receptors in viral recognition and induction of adaptive immune responses to rsv. caspase-1 plays an essential role in the immune response via the maturation of the proinflammatory ... | 2015 | 25922596 |
| computerized assessment of wheezing in children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis before and after hypertonic saline nebulization. | studies suggest an effect of nebulized hypertonic saline solution on air-flow limitation in subjects with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, but results are based on subjective scores of clinical severity and are not clear. in this observational study, we used a noninvasive computerized tool to quantify wheezing before and after nebulization with hypertonic saline in children admitted for rsv infection. | 2015 | 25922547 |
| new options in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants, immunocompromised patients and the elderly. despite the high disease burden, an effective vaccine or specific therapy are lacking which is largely due to our limited understanding of the immune response to rsv and how it relates to clinical disease severity. current treatment for rsv remains largely supportive and rsv-specific options for prophylaxis and/or treatment are limited to palivizumab an ... | 2015 | 25922289 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in infants: is maternal vaccination a realistic strategy? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains an important cause of serious and sometimes fatal acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants, yet no effective antiviral treatment or vaccine for the prevention of rsv in early life is available. vaccination of women during pregnancy is considered to be the most plausible strategy to provide direct rsv antibody protection to young infants during a period of greatest vulnerability. | 2015 | 25918956 |
| the impact of viral dynamics on the clinical severity of infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the impact of dynamic respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) load on the clinical severity of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis has not been clarified. nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 60 infants who were diagnosed with bronchiolitis within 96 hr of wheezing onset upon admission and on days 3, 5, and 7 in the hospital, and 17 respiratory viruses were detected. the rsv load was quantified by real-time qpcr for rsv subtypes a and b at different time points. scoring criteria were used t ... | 2015 | 25907780 |
| high viral load and respiratory failure in adults hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infections. | a prospective study among adults hospitalized for polymerase chain reaction-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infections (n = 123) showed frequent occurrence of lower respiratory-tract complications causing respiratory insufficiency (52.8%), requirement for assisted ventilation (16.3%), and intensive care unit admission/death (12.2%). high viral rna concentration was detected at time of hospitalization, including in patients who presented later than 2 days of illness (day 1-2, 7.29 ± 1.47; d ... | 2015 | 25904604 |
| editorial commentary: can a reduced-dose prophylaxis schedule provide adequate coverage against respiratory syncytial virus infection? | | 2015 | 25904371 |
| reduced-dose schedule of prophylaxis based on local data provides near-optimal protection against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory infections among young children and can lead to severe disease among some infants. infants at high risk for severe rsv infection receive monthly injections of a prophylactic monoclonal antibody during the rsv season based on national guidelines. we considered whether a reduced-dose schedule tailored to the local rsv season in the continental united states would provide adequate protection. | 2015 | 25904370 |
| viral coinfection in acute respiratory infection in mexican children treated by the emergency service: a cross-sectional study. | acute respiratory infections (aris) cause illness. children under five years of age are highly vulnerable to these infections. viral coinfection or multiple viral infection is a variable that can have a significant impact on the evolution of these diseases. | 2015 | 25903455 |
| the importance of bacterial and viral infections associated with adult asthma exacerbations in clinical practice. | viral infection is one of the risk factors for asthma exacerbation. however, which pathogens are related to asthma exacerbation in adults remains unclear. | 2015 | 25901797 |
| alveolar macrophage-derived type i interferons orchestrate innate immunity to rsv through recruitment of antiviral monocytes. | type i interferons (ifns) are important for host defense from viral infections, acting to restrict viral production in infected cells and to promote antiviral immune responses. however, the type i ifn system has also been associated with severe lung inflammatory disease in response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). which cells produce type i ifns upon rsv infection and how this directs immune responses to the virus, and potentially results in pathological inflammation, is unclear. here, we s ... | 2015 | 25897172 |
| influenza and other respiratory viruses detected by influenza-like illness surveillance in leyte island, the philippines, 2010-2013. | this study aimed to determine the role of influenza-like illness (ili) surveillance conducted on leyte island, the philippines, including involvement of other respiratory viruses, from 2010 to 2013. ili surveillance was conducted from january 2010 to march 2013 with 3 sentinel sites located in tacloban city, palo and tanauan of leyte island. ili was defined as fever ≥38°c or feverish feeling and either cough or running nose in a patient of any age. influenza virus and other 5 respiratory viruses ... | 2015 | 25893441 |
| structured performance assessment in three pediatric emergency scenarios: a validation study. | to develop and validate 3 performance evaluation checklists (pecs) for systematic performance assessment in 3 clinical scenarios: cardiopulmonary arrest, dyspnea with oxygen desaturation after intubation, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2015 | 25890675 |
| host response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and hospitalization in young infants and causes 100, 000-200, 000 deaths annually. there is still no licensed vaccine against rsv infection and the therapeutic options are mainly supportive. despite almost six decades of research, important knowledge gaps remain with respect to the characterization of immune mechanisms responsible for protection and pathogenesis, as well as to the identification of risk factors tha ... | 2015 | 25887611 |
| nasal mucosal microrna expression in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a common cause of pediatric hospitalization. microrna, key regulators of the immune system, have not previously been investigated in respiratory specimens during viral infection. we investigated microrna expression in the nasal mucosa of 42 rsv-positive infants, also comparing microrna expression between disease severity subgroups. | 2015 | 25884957 |
| transmission of respiratory syncytial virus infection within families. | background. because the production of an effective respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine for infants is challenging, vaccination of other family members is one viable alternative to prevent severe rsv illnesses in infants. methods. in a prospective study, we enrolled all family members of children who were hospitalized with rsv infection. nasal swabs for rsv detection were obtained from all participating family members. data on respiratory symptoms in the family members prior to and after ... | 2015 | 25884006 |
| a network flow approach to predict protein targets and flavonoid backbones to treat respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the major cause of respiratory disease in lower respiratory tract in infants and young children. attempts to develop effective vaccines or pharmacological treatments to inhibit rsv infection without undesired effects on human health have been unsuccessful. however, rsv infection has been reported to be affected by flavonoids. the mechanisms underlying viral inhibition induced by these compounds are largely unknown, making the development of new drug ... | 2015 | 25879022 |
| receipt of palivizumab before birth hospitalization discharge among preterm infants in the united states. | this study aims to determine predischarge palivizumab receipt prevalence among infants ≤ 36 weeks' gestational age. | 2015 | 25877742 |
| viral bacterial co-infection of the respiratory tract during early childhood. | acute respiratory infection (ari) is an important cause of morbidity in children. mixed aetiology is frequent, with pathogenic viruses and bacteria co-detected in respiratory secretions. however, the clinical significance of these viral/bacterial co-infections has long been a controversial topic. while severe bacterial pneumonia following influenza infection has been well described, associations are less clear among infections caused by viruses that are more common in young children, such as res ... | 2015 | 25877546 |
| poor performance characteristics of conventional pcr in detection of respiratory syncytial virus-experience of a tertiary care centre in southern india. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant cause of contagious acute respiratory infections in children and older adults. since there are contradictory reports regarding the efficacy of different methods to detect rsv, we evaluated the performance of the conventional pcr versus real-time pcr in 222 patients with acute respiratory infections (ari) recruited between january 2012 and march 2013. conventional pcr had a very poor sensitivity of 40% (95% ci: 19.2-63.9%) and failed to detect rs ... | 2015 | 25865982 |
| a phenotypic high-throughput screen with rsv-infected primary human small airway epithelial cells (saecs). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a commonly occurring pathogen that can cause severe disease in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals with a large, unmet clinical need. we developed a high-throughput, primary cell-based antiviral rsv assay to enable identification of small molecules using cytopathic effect (cpe) as a phenotypic end point. to provide increased biological relevance, we developed our assay with primary human small airway epithelial cells (saecs), which origin ... | 2015 | 25862685 |
| prevalence of rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. | chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is one of the most common chronic illnesses, but the etiology and pathogenesis of crs are not well understood. few studies have been carried out on the role of viruses in patients with chronic sinusitis so far. | 2015 | 25861437 |
| adverse effects of bronchodilators in infants with bronchiolitis. | | 2017 | 25859174 |
| [association between moderate-severe bronchiolitis and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in emergency departments]. | to identify clinical characteristics that may lead to the early recognition of patients admitted to the hospital for moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis with urine results associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh). | 2016 | 25858009 |
| evaluating vaccination strategies for reducing infant respiratory syncytial virus infection in low-income settings. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease and related hospitalization of young children in least developed countries. individuals are repeatedly infected, but it is the first exposure, often in early infancy, that results in the vast majority of severe rsv disease. unfortunately, due to immunological immaturity, infants are a problematic rsv vaccine target. several trials are ongoing to identify a suitable candidate vaccine and target group, but no i ... | 2015 | 25857701 |
| respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein promotes tlr-4-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap formation by human neutrophils. | acute viral bronchiolitis by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common respiratory illness in children in the first year of life. rsv bronchiolitis generates large numbers of hospitalizations and an important burden to health systems. neutrophils and their products are present in the airways of rsv-infected patients who developed increased lung disease. neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) are formed by the release of granular and nuclear contents of neutrophils in the extracellular ... | 2015 | 25856628 |
| respiratory syncytial virus, an ongoing medical dilemma: an expert commentary on respiratory syncytial virus prophylactic and therapeutic pharmaceuticals currently in clinical trials. | as the most important viral cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and increasing recognition as important in the elderly and immunocompromised, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for a massive health burden worldwide. prophylactic antibodies were successfully developed against rsv. however, their use is restricted to a small group of infants considered at high risk of severe rsv disease. there is still no specific therapeutics or vaccines to combat rsv. as such, it remains ... | 2015 | 25847510 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of airway cells: role of micrornas. | micrornas (mirnas) are small single-stranded rna molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. in the airways, mirnas are implicated in the modulation of antiviral defense, through modulation of both innate and adaptive immune response in inflammatory and immune effector cells but also in parenchymal cells. the first target of respiratory viruses are airway epithelial cells. following infection, an altered expression of distinct mirnas occurs in airwa ... | 2015 | 25847505 |
| [acute tubulointerstitial nephritis following adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (tin) is responsible for nearly 10% of acute renal failure (arf) cases in children. it is mostly drug-induced, but in a few cases viruses are involved, probably by an indirect mechanism. an immune-competent 13-month-old boy was admitted to the intensive care unit for severe arf with anuria in a context of fever, cough, and rhinorrhea lasting 1 week. the kidney biopsy performed early brought out tubulointerstitial damage with mild infiltrate of lymphocytes, with ... | 2015 | 25842199 |
| correction for kim et al., development of an adenovirus-based respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: preclinical evaluation of efficacy, immunogenicity, and enhanced disease in a cotton rat model. | | 2015 | 25841050 |
| effect of young sibling visitation on respiratory syncytial virus activity in a nicu. | to determine whether the restriction of young sibling (<13 years) visitation in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) during the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) season was associated with a reduction in the rate of rsv infection among nicu patients. | 2015 | 25836315 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of primary human mast cells induces the selective production of type i interferons, cxcl10, and ccl4. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory tract infections, which might have a role in the development of airway hyperreactivity. mast cells are important effector cells in allergy, with sentinel cell roles in host defense. however, the role of mast cells in response to rsv infection is unknown. | 2015 | 25819983 |
| neutralizing epitopes on the respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis, but despite decades of research a safe and effective vaccine has remained elusive. the viral fusion glycoprotein (rsv f) plays an obligatory role in the entry process and is the major target of neutralizing antibodies, making it an attractive target for vaccine development. this review will summarize the recently determined structures of rsv f in the prefusion and postfusion conformations and describe the locati ... | 2015 | 25819327 |
| [approach to a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak related to medical care in hematology]. | | 2015 | 25817393 |
| self-sampling for analysis of respiratory viruses in a large-scale epidemiological study in sweden. | viral diagnosis of respiratory tract infections has so far required sampling by health professionals,hampering large-scale epidemiological studies of virus-specific disease outcomes. as part of a population-based, prospective study of work-related risk factors for transmission of viral infections (swede-i), we developed a scheme for self-sampling with nasal swabs. random selection from the gainfully employed population of a medium-sized town in central sweden resulted in a study cohort of 2,237 ... | 2015 | 25811646 |
| bd veritor system respiratory syncytial virus rapid antigen detection test: point-of-care results in primary care pediatric offices compared with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and viral culture methods. | during respiratory syncytial virus season, many children present to pediatric offices and urgent care medical facilities with cough, tachypnea, intercostal retraction, wheezing, as well as disturbed appetite and sleep. identification of the responsible viral pathogen is quite difficult because several pathogens can produce similar signs and symptoms. | 2015 | 25803752 |
| superinfection between influenza and rsv alternating patterns in san luis potosí state, méxico. | the objective of this paper is to explain through the ecological hypothesis superinfection and competitive interaction between two viral populations and niche (host) availability, the alternating patterns of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza observed in a regional hospital in san luis potosí state, méxico using a mathematical model as a methodological tool. the data analyzed consists of community-based and hospital-based acute respiratory infections (ari) consultations provided by ... | 2015 | 25803450 |
| association between respiratory viruses and exacerbation of copd: a case-control study. | respiratory viral infection is the main cause of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in all age groups. the present study aimed to find out the association between viral infection in exacerbated and stable patients with copd as well as evaluating the frequency of respiratory viruses in the iranian exacerbated patients. | 2015 | 25800059 |
| decapping protein 1 phosphorylation modulates il-8 expression during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a negative-strand rna virus that is an important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. we investigated the effect of rsv infection on the expression patterns of cellular proteins involved in regulating mrna translation and degradation, and found that a processing-body protein involved in mrna degradation, decapping protein 1a (dcp1), was phosphorylated rapidly following infection. uv-inactivated and sucrose-purified rsv were sufficient to mediate dcp1 phospho ... | 2015 | 25796077 |
| titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate pneumonia in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected mice. | to reveal the effects of tio2 nanoparticles, used in cosmetics and building materials, on the immune response, a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection mouse model was used. balb/c mice were exposed once intranasally to tio2 at 0.5mg/kg and infected intranasally with rsv five days later. the levels of ifn-γ and chemokine ccl5, representative markers of pneumonia, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of rsv-infected mice had increased significantly in tio2-exposed mice compared with the cont ... | 2015 | 25795424 |
| a novel respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f subunit vaccine adjuvanted with gla-se elicits robust protective th1-type humoral and cellular immunity in rodent models. | illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains an unmet medical need in both full-term infants and older adults. the fusion glycoprotein (f) of rsv, which plays a key role in rsv infection and is a target of neutralizing antibodies, is an attractive vaccine target for inducing rsv-specific immunity. | 2015 | 25793508 |
| value of a risk scoring tool to predict respiratory syncytial virus disease severity and need for hospitalization in term infants. | several environmental and demographic risk factors have been validated and are used to determine the risk of acquiring severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and subsequent hospitalization in late preterm infants born at 33-35 weeks gestational age. the applicability of the same composite model of risk factors in the term population has not been fully explored. the primary objective of this pilot study was to establish whether a risk scoring tool (rst), could predict the severity of ... | 2015 | 25784593 |
| continuous positive airway pressure with helmet versus mask in infants with bronchiolitis: an rct. | noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) is usually applied with a nasal or facial mask to treat mild acute respiratory failure (arf) in infants. a pediatric helmet has now been introduced in clinical practice to deliver cpap. this study compared treatment failure rates during cpap delivered by helmet or facial mask in infants with respiratory syncytial virus-induced arf. | 2015 | 25780074 |
| leukotriene inhibitors for bronchiolitis in infants and young children. | bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory illness of the bronchioles common among infants and young children. it is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). management of bronchiolitis varies between clinicians, reflecting the lack of evidence for a specific treatment approach. the leukotriene pathway has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis. leukotriene inhibitors such as montelukast have been used in infants and young children with bronchiolitis. however ... | 2015 | 25773054 |
| rsv vaccine-enhanced disease is orchestrated by the combined actions of distinct cd4 t cell subsets. | there is no currently licensed vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) despite being the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. children previously immunized with a formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) vaccine exhibited enhanced respiratory disease following natural rsv infection. subsequent studies in animal models have implicated roles for cd4 t cells, eosinophils and non-neutralizing antibodies in mediating enhanced respiratory disease. however, the underlying imm ... | 2015 | 25769044 |
| safety and pharmacokinetics of extended use of palivizumab in saudi arabian infants and children. | the peak season of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in warmer climates may extend beyond the typical five-month rsv season of temperate regions. additional monthly doses of palivizumab may be necessary in warmer regions to protect children at high risk for serious infection by the rsv. | 2015 | 25767550 |
| head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic accuracies of bd veritor™ system rsv and quidel® sofia® rsv fia systems for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) diagnosis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common causes of severe lower respiratory tract disease among infants and young children. bd veritor™ system rsv (bd) and quidel(®) sofia(®) rsv fia (qd) are the new generation lateral flow digital immunoassay (dia) tests with an instrumented read for the qualitative detection of rsv viral antigens. | 2015 | 25766995 |
| molecular characterization of respiratory syncytial viruses infecting children reported to have received palivizumab immunoprophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory infections in children. palivizumab (pz) is the only rsv-specific immunoprophylaxis approved by the u.s. food and drug administration. mutations leading to amino acid substitutions in the pz binding site of the rsv f protein have been associated with breakthrough rsv infections in patients receiving pz. | 2015 | 25766983 |
| [acute conjunctivitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus a group]. | | 2015 | 25764947 |
| history of passive antibody administration for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. | we describe the history of passive immunization to provide context for the series of articles to follow. the history of passive immunization with antibodies to prevent or treat infectious diseases is a story of different eras. there was an extraordinary era of discovery and clinical implementation before the chemical nature of antibodies was even known. this empirical process provided the resources and reagents used to describe and characterize humoral immunity, better define the chemical proper ... | 2015 | 25760933 |
| oral ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection after lung transplantation: efficacy and cost-efficiency. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes serious respiratory tract infections in lung transplant (ltx) recipients, is associated with development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, and has no proven effective therapy. we evaluated the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of oral ribavirin for the treatment of rsv infection after ltx. | 2015 | 25753833 |
| palivizumab epitope-displaying virus-like particles protect rodents from rsv challenge. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of serious viral bronchiolitis in infants, young children, and the elderly. currently, there is not an fda-approved vaccine available for rsv, though the mab palivizumab is licensed to reduce the incidence of rsv disease in premature or at-risk infants. the palivizumab epitope is a well-characterized, approximately 24-aa helix-loop-helix structure on the rsv fusion (f) protein (f254-277). here, we genetically inserted this epitope and mu ... | 2015 | 25751145 |
| intensive care unit admission rates for respiratory syncytial virus infection as a function of age in preterm infants born at 32-35-week gestation and not receiving immunoprophylaxis. | | 2015 | 25742086 |
| cesarean section and hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | | 2015 | 25741978 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cell-lines. | in several reports, the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was identified as an oncolytic virus in cancer cells (e.g., lung and prostate cancer). however, the effects of rsv in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) cells have not yet been investigated. here, we observed the inhibitory effects of rsv infection in hcc cell-lines. cell growth was significantly decreased by rsv infection in bnl-hcc, hep3b, huh-7 and snu-739 cells. after rsv infection, plaque formation and syncytial formation were observed i ... | 2015 | 25739391 |
| impaired antibody-mediated protection and defective iga b-cell memory in experimental infection of adults with respiratory syncytial virus. | despite relative antigenic stability, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) reinfects throughout life. after more than 40 years of research, no effective human vaccine exists and correlates of protection remain poorly defined. most current vaccine candidates seek to induce high levels of rsv-specific serum neutralizing antibodies, which are associated with reduced rsv-related hospitalization rates in observational studies but may not actually prevent infection. | 2015 | 25730467 |
| quantifying maternally derived respiratory syncytial virus specific neutralising antibodies in a birth cohort from coastal kenya. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease occurs predominantly in children under 6 months of age. there is no licensed rsv vaccine. protection of young infants could be achieved by a maternal vaccine to boost titres of passively transferred protective antibodies. data on the level and kinetics of functional rsv-specific antibody at birth and over the early infant period would inform vaccine product design. | 2015 | 25725445 |
| il-33 receptor (st2) signalling is important for regulation of th2-mediated airway inflammation in a murine model of acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. | t1/st2, an orphan receptor with homology with the interleukin (il)-1 receptor family, is the ligand-binding component of the receptor for the cytokine il-33, a newly identified cytokine known to amplify the th2 cell-dominant immune responses. the function of il-33/st2 signalling during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is not fully known. in this study, following intranasal infection with rsv, balb/c mice showed a marked increase in the production of il-33, with an elevated expression ... | 2015 | 25721734 |
| heterogeneity within and across pediatric pulmonary infections: from bipartite networks to at-risk subphenotypes. | although influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are extremely common in children under two years and resolve naturally, a subset develop severe disease resulting in hospitalization despite having no identifiable clinical risk factors. however, little is known about inherent host-specific genetic and immune mechanisms in this at-risk subpopulation. we therefore conducted a secondary analysis of statistically significant, differentially-expressed genes from a whole genome ... | 2014 | 25717396 |
| detection of influenza vaccine effectiveness among nursery school children: lesson from a season with cocirculating respiratory syncytial virus. | in the winter influenza epidemic season, patients with respiratory illnesses including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections increase among young children. therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of influenza vaccine against influenza-like illness (ili) using a technique to identify outbreaks of rsv infection and to distinguish those patients from ili patients. the study subjects were 101 children aged 12 to 84 months attending nursery school. we classified the cases into 6 levels based ... | 2015 | 25714791 |
| challenges and opportunities in developing respiratory syncytial virus therapeutics. | two meetings, one sponsored by the wellcome trust in 2012 and the other by the global virology foundation in 2013, assembled academic, public health and pharmaceutical industry experts to assess the challenges and opportunities for developing antivirals for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. the practicalities of clinical trials and establishing reliable outcome measures in different target groups were discussed in the context of the regulatory pathways that could acc ... | 2015 | 25713060 |
| comparison of three magnetic bead surface functionalities for rna extraction and detection. | magnetic beads are convenient for extracting nucleic acid biomarkers from biological samples prior to molecular detection. these beads are available with a variety of surface functionalities designed to capture particular subsets of rna. we hypothesized that bead surface functionality affects binding kinetics, processing simplicity, and compatibility with molecular detection strategies. in this report, three magnetic bead surface chemistries designed to bind nucleic acids, silica, oligo (dt), an ... | 2015 | 25710198 |
| efficacy and optimization of palivizumab injection regimens against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | infection with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of hospitalizations in children, accounting for more than 90,000 hospitalizations every year in the united states. for children who are at risk for severe rsv infections, the american academy of pediatrics recommends immunoprophylaxis with a series of up to 5 injections of the antibody palivizumab administered monthly, beginning on november 1 of each year. however, many practitioners initiate injections at the onset of rsv ... | 2015 | 25706618 |
| [monitoring respiratory syncytial virus through the spanish influenza surveillance system, 2006-2014]. | the aim of the study is to analyze the information on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) obtained through the spanish influenza surveillance system (siss) and to study its usefulness as supplementary information for the characterization of influenza epidemics. | 2016 | 25703209 |
| intranasal administration of maleic anhydride-modified human serum albumin for pre-exposure prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pediatric viral respiratory tract infections. neither vaccine nor effective antiviral therapy is available to prevent and treat rsv infection. palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is the only product approved to prevent serious rsv infection, but its high cost is prohibitive in low-income countries. here, we aimed to identify an effective, safe, and affordable antiviral agent for pre-exposure prophylaxis (prep) of rsv infection i ... | 2015 | 25690799 |
| contributing and terminating factors of a large rsv outbreak in an adult hematology and transplant unit. | in january 2012, an increase of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections on an adult hematology and transplant unit in a german university hospital was detected. we investigated the outbreak to assess its timing and extent and to identify risk factors for transmission. | 2014 | 25687181 |
| chemotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infections: the final breakthrough. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading cause of hospitalisation for children under 5 years of age and causes excess mortality in the elderly. there is still no approved vaccine available, although the disease can be curtailed by rsv-specific monoclonal antibody. the only antiviral drug approved for the treatment of rsv infection is ribavirin aerosol, but this treatment is cumbersome and its efficacy is questionable. a new antiviral, gs-5806, which interferes with virus-cell f ... | 2015 | 25684638 |
| epidemiology and virology of acute respiratory infections during the first year of life: a birth cohort study in vietnam. | understanding viral etiology and age-specific incidence of acute respiratory infections in infants can help identify risk groups and inform vaccine delivery, but community-based data is lacking from tropical settings. | 2015 | 25674708 |
| prevalence and incidence of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections in children aged 6 months to 10 years with influenza-like illness enrolled in a randomized trial. | the high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated morbidity and mortality makes vaccine development a priority. | 2015 | 25673560 |
| molecular epidemiology of the human rhinovirus infection in mongolia during 2008-2013. | rhinovirus infections are common in all age groups world-wide, and they occur throughout the year. in this study, we examined 2,689 nasopharyngeal swabs collected in mongolia during 2008-2013. human rhinoviruses (hrvs) were detected in 295 (11.0%) samples, and 85 (28.8%) patients were co-infected with other respiratory viruses. hrv was co-detected with bocavirus, human coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus in 21 (24.7%), 17 (20.0%), and 14 (16.5%), respectively. we tested 170 (57.6%) of t ... | 2015 | 25672409 |
| epigenetic control of foxp3 by smyd3 h3k4 histone methyltransferase controls itreg development and regulates pathogenic t-cell responses during pulmonary viral infection. | the generation of regulatory t (treg) cells is driven by foxp3 and is responsible for dampening inflammation and reducing autoimmunity. in this study, the epigenetic regulation of inducible treg (itreg) cells was examined and an h3k4 histone methyltransferase, smyd3 (set and mynd domain 3), which regulates the expression of foxp3 by a tgfβ1/smad3 (transforming growth factor-β1/smad3)-dependent mechanism, was identified. using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, smyd3 depletion led to a reducti ... | 2015 | 25669152 |
| deficiency of autophagy protein map1-lc3b mediates il-17-dependent lung pathology during respiratory viral infection via er stress-associated il-1. | while recent studies suggest that interleukin (il)-1β production is modulated by macroautophagy or sensors of endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress upon pro-inflammatory insult, autophagy and il-1β production during viral infection has not been fully investigated. this was addressed using respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which is associated with lung immunopathology, il-1, and il-17a secretion in severely infected patients. mice deficient in the autophagy-associated protein map1-lc3b (lc3b(-/-)) d ... | 2015 | 25669150 |
| prospective and retrospective evaluation of the cepheid xpert® flu/rsv xc assay for rapid detection of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus. | a total of 281 clinical specimens (nasal swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates) were tested with the xpert® flu/rsv xc. the results were compared to those obtained with the real-time retro transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays routinely used in our laboratory. the xpert® flu/rsv xc showed sensitivity/specificity of 97.8%/100% and 97.9%/100% for flu and respiratory syncytial virus, respectively. | 2015 | 25662018 |
| ginseng protects against respiratory syncytial virus by modulating multiple immune cells and inhibiting viral replication. | ginseng has been used in humans for thousands of years but its effects on viral infection have not been well understood. we investigated the effects of red ginseng extract (rge) on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection using in vitro cell culture and in vivo mouse models. rge partially protected human epithelial (hep2) cells from rsv-induced cell death and viral replication. in addition, rge significantly inhibited the production of rsv-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (tnf-α) in murine d ... | 2015 | 25658239 |
| children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease can be identified through population-based registers. | epidemiological research is facilitated in sweden by a history of national health care registers, making large unselected national cohort studies possible. however, for complex clinical populations, such as children with congenital heart disease (chd), register-based studies are challenged by registration limitations. for example, the diagnostic code system international classification of diseases, 10th version (icd-10) does not indicate the clinical significance of abnormalities, therefore may ... | 2015 | 25657596 |
| high-throughput hit screening cascade to identify respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) inhibitors. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects 99% of children by age 2 years and is a leading cause of serious lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and infant hospitalization in the united kingdom. identification of efficacious rsv therapeutics has been hindered by the lack of a robust and appropriate primary assay for high-throughput screening (hts). here we report an hts cascade that identified inhibitors of rsv replication using a robust rsv replicon luminescence-reporter assay for the primar ... | 2015 | 25656237 |
| fine mapping and characterization of the l-polymerase-binding domain of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein. | the minimum requirement for an active rna-dependent rna polymerase of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a complex made of two viral proteins, the polymerase large protein (l) and the phosphoprotein (p). here we have investigated the domain on p that is responsible for this critical p-l interaction. by use of recombinant proteins and serial deletions, an l binding site was mapped in the c-terminal region of p, just upstream of the n-rna binding site. the role of this molecular recognition elem ... | 2015 | 25653447 |
| respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in the basic military training camp of the republic of korea air force. | an outbreak of acute febrile illness occurred in the republic of korea air force boot camp from may to july 2011. an epidemiological investigation of the causative agent, which was of a highly infective nature, was conducted. | 2015 | 25652706 |
| mmp-12-mediated by sarm-trif signaling pathway contributes to ifn-γ-independent airway inflammation and ahr post rsv infection in nude mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most frequently observed pathogens during infancy and childhood. however, the corresponding pathogenesis has not been determined to date. we previously demonstrated that ifn-γ plays an important role in rsv pathogenesis, and sarm-trif-signaling pathway could regulate the production of ifn-γ. this study is to investigate whether t cells or innate immune cells are the predominant producers of ifn-γ, and further to explore other culprits in addition t ... | 2015 | 25652021 |
| respiratory syncytial virus seasonality in tropical australia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is most common during the rainy season in a number of low- to middle-income tropical settings, a pattern driven by seasonal changes in climate and nutrition. we investigated the seasonality of rsv in the high-income tropical setting of north queensland, australia. | 2015 | 25648729 |
| respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, and mixed acute lower respiratory infections in children in a developing country. | there is growing evidence suggesting greater severity and worse outcomes in children with mixed as compared to single respiratory virus infections. however, studies that assess the risk factors that may predispose a child to a mixture of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenoviral infections, are scarce. in a retrospective cohort study, the study investigated the epidemiology of rsv and adenovirus infections and predictors of mixed rsv-adenoviral infections in young children hospitalized wi ... | 2015 | 25648409 |
| interleukin-23 facilitates th1 and th2 cell differentiation in vitro following respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induces activation and imbalance of the immune system; however, the role of t helper 17 cells (th17) in the response to rsv infection remains unclear. interleukin-23 (il-23) is a key cytokine in th17 cell differentiation. the aim of this study was to explore the function of il-23 in determining the distribution of th lymphocyte subsets (th1, th2, and th17) after rsv infection in vitro. human bronchial epithelial cell line beas-2b was infected with mock ... | 2015 | 25648104 |
| a multicenter outcomes analysis of children with severe rhino/enteroviral respiratory infection. | to investigate the impact of human rhino/enteroviruses on morbidity and mortality outcomes in children with severe viral respiratory infection. | 2015 | 25647121 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein formulated with a novel combination adjuvant induces balanced immune responses in lambs with maternal antibodies. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory illness in infants. there are no licensed vaccines to prevent rsv infection. the neonate receives short-term protection from maternally derived antibodies, which, however, can also interfere with the active response to vaccination. a rsv vaccine consisting of a truncated version of the fusion protein formulated with polyi:c, innate defense regulator peptide and polyphosphazene (δf/triadj), was evaluated in two to three week-old lambs. w ... | 2015 | 25637860 |
| what is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)? | | 2015 | 25635497 |
| [regulation of jinxin oral liquid for the expression of negative regulatory factor of tlr3 signaling pathway socs1 in rsv infected balb/c mice]. | to investigate the regulation trend of jinxin oral liquid (jxol) on the expression of negative regulatory factor of tlr3 signaling pathway socs1 in the lung tissue of rsv infected balb/c mice at different time points. | 2014 | 25632753 |
| incidence of viral infection detected by pcr and real-time pcr in childhood community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis. | several studies examining the incidence of viral infection in childhood community-acquired pneumonia (cap) utilizing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or real-time pcr methods have been reported. we systematically searched pubmed and embase for studies reporting the incidence of respiratory viral infection in childhood cap. the pooled incidences of viral infection were calculated with a random-effects model. sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis and a univariant metaregressio ... | 2015 | 25615588 |