| genetic diversity of phytophthora infestans sensu lato in ecuador provides new insight into the origin of this important plant pathogen. | abstract the metapopulation structure of phytophthora infestans sensu lato is genetically diverse in the highlands of ecuador. previous reports documented the diversity associated with four putative clonal lineages of the pathogen collected from various hosts in the genus solanum. this paper simultaneously analyzes diversity of the complete collection of isolates, including a large number that had not yet been reported. this analysis confirmed the existence of three pathogen populations, which a ... | 2004 | 18943538 |
| phytophthora infestans enters the genomics era. | summary phytophthora infestans, cause of late-blight, is the most devastating disease of potato world-wide. recent years have seen a dramatic intensification in molecular biological studies of p. infestans, including the development of novel tools for transformation and gene silencing and the resources for genetical, transcriptional and physical mapping of the genome. this review will focus on the increasing efforts to use these resources to discover the genetic bases of pathogenicity, avirulenc ... | 2001 | 20573013 |
| population genetic analyses of the fungal pathogen colletotrichum fructicola on tea-oil trees in china. | the filamentous fungus colletotrichum fructicola is found in all five continents and is capable of causing severe diseases in a number of economically important plants such as avocado, fig, cocoa, pear, and tea-oil trees. however, almost nothing is known about its patterns of genetic variation and epidemiology on any of its host plant species. here we analyzed 167 isolates of c. fructicola obtained from the leaves of tea-oil tree camellia oleifera at 15 plantations in seven chinese provinces. mu ... | 2016 | 27299731 |
| immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization of somatolactin cells from the gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata l., teleostei): an ontogenic study (from newly hatched to adults). | for the first time, somatolactin (sl) cells have been ultrastructurally identified and characterized during the ontogeny of gilthead sea bream, sparus aurata, using specimens ranging in age from hatching to 15 months. the sl cells were identified by an immunogold method using anti-cod sl serum. the sl-immunoreactivity was mostly located on the secretory granules of the cells, although some vesicles of variable size and shape with a medium electron-dense content, and some irregular secretory gran ... | 2001 | 11453162 |
| novel approach of using nutraceutic-directed caloric antioxidant density and ion-ratio for evaluating fruit's health quality. | seven kinds of indigenous fruits and five imported fruits were compared for their "health quality." methods including the calorific, antioxidant, and ion ratios were carried out. results indicated the order of content (in mg/100g) was: ca(2+) , murcott orange (218.2) > kiwifruit (200.0) > pineapple (138.5) > golden kiwi (117.6); mg(2+) , pitaya (192.2), banana (88.0), kiwifruit (63.4), and golden kiwi (58.4); zn(2+) , pitaya (19.53) > pear (10.8) > kiwifruit (6.09) > irwin mango (4.58). cu(2+) , ... | 2016 | 27467811 |
| identification and thermal stability of purple-fleshed sweet potato anthocyanins in aqueous solutions with various ph values and fruit juices. | thirteen anthocyanins were identified in the purple-fleshed sweet potato cultivar jihei no. 1. the main anthocyanins were 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside derivatives from cyanidin and peonidin, acylated with p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, or caffeic acid. a unique anthocyanin, delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside was also found. the thermal stability of purple-fleshed sweet potato anthocyanins (pspas) followed a first-order kinetics model. aqueous solutions with various ph (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) and fruit j ... | 2013 | 23194545 |
| carotenoids and color of fruit juice and milk beverage mixtures. | seventeen commercially available, "ready to drink" fortified beverages consisting of mixtures of fruit juices and milk were analyzed to evaluate their carotenoid profile (including their z/e stereoisomers) and color during their commercial shelf life. lightness (l*) was found to be correlated with the content of milk in the mixtures (r= 0.649) whereas red-yellow colors were correlated with the contents of alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and beta-carotene supplied by the fruit. the beverages ... | 2007 | 18034704 |
| role of egg buster in hatching of aedes aegypti: scanning electron microscopy study. | egg hatching has been studied in aedes aegypti (l.) through scanning electron microscopy. the first sign of egg hatching is a small protrusion on the eggshell in the anterior pole. the larval movement provokes a crack in the eggshell with the egg buster located in the dorsal head. the egg buster provokes a small transverse fissure in the eggshell that gradually increases in the chorion. then, the rupture is completed around the eggshell. the separation of the anterior pole occurs, showing the do ... | 2006 | 16506449 |
| agave as a model cam crop system for a warming and drying world. | as climate change leads to drier and warmer conditions in semi-arid regions, growing resource-intensive c3 and c4 crops will become more challenging. such crops will be subjected to increased frequency and intensity of drought and heat stress. however, agaves, even more than pineapple (ananas comosus) and prickly pear (opuntia ficus-indica and related species), typify highly productive plants that will respond favorably to global warming, both in natural and cultivated settings. with nearly 200 ... | 2015 | 26442005 |
| intracuticular wax fixes and restricts strain in leaf and fruit cuticles. | this paper investigates the effects of cuticular wax on the release of strain and on the tensile properties of enzymatically isolated cuticular membranes (cms) taken from leaves of agave (agave americana), bush lily (clivia miniata), holly (ilex aquifolium), and ivy (hedera helix) and from fruit of apple (malus × domestica), pear (pyrus communis), and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). biaxial strain release was quantified as the decrease in cm disc area following wax extraction. stiffness, maxim ... | 2013 | 23750808 |
| predicting the dynamic impact behaviour of spray droplets on flat plant surfaces. | the dynamic impact behaviour of water droplets on plant surfaces was investigated based on a multiphase computational fluid dynamics (cfd) model. the study was conducted using the volume of fluid (vof) approach. the static contact angle of water droplets on leaf surfaces of different plants (apple, pear, leek and cabbage) was measured and found to vary between 54.9 and 138.2°. impact experiments were conducted by monitoring the flow and impact characteristics of water droplets on leaves in still ... | 2016 | 27501228 |
| landscape ethnoecological knowledge base and management of ecosystem services in a székely-hungarian pre-capitalistic village system (transylvania, romania). | previous studies showed an in-depth ecological understanding by traditional people of managing natural resources. we studied the landscape ethnoecological knowledge (leek) of székelys on the basis of 16-19(th) century village laws. we analyzed the habitat types, ecosystem services and sustainable management types on which village laws had focused. | 2015 | 25567233 |
| isolation and characterization of rhamnogalacturonan oligomers, liberated during degradation of pectic hairy regions by rhamnogalacturonase. | digests of modified hairy regions of apple pectin (mhr) obtained after degradation by rhamnogalacturonase (rgase) were analyzed for oligomer composition using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection. a series of oligomers which appear to be characteristic of rgase degradation could be recognized. these oligomers were isolated on a preparative scale by size-exclusion chromatography and preparative anion-exchange chromatography and analyzed for sugar compos ... | 1994 | 8194077 |
| diversity of cell lengths in terminal portions of roots: location of the proliferative cell population. | terminal meristems are responsible for all primary growth of roots. it has been asserted that all cells of root meristems are actively dividing and that the stem cell (proliferative) population expands exponentially. lengths of cells in roots just proximal to the root cap/root initial boundary were used to determine the numbers of cortex and stele cells in the meristem. meristem cells were defined as cells that did not have significantly different cell lengths from initial cells at the boundary. ... | 2001 | 11165634 |
| water permeability of isolated cuticular membranes: the effect of cuticular waxes on diffusion of water. | the water permeability of astomatous cuticular membranes isolated from citrus aurantium l. leaves, pear (pyrus communis l.) leaves and onion (allium cepa l.) bulb scales was determined before and after extraction of cuticular waxes with lipid solvents. in pear, the permeability coefficients for diffusion of tritiated water across cuticular membranes (cm) prior to extraction [p d(cm)] decreased by a factor of four during leaf expansion. in all three species investigated p d(cm) values of cuticula ... | 1976 | 24424766 |
| traditional chinese medicine, food therapy, and hypertension control: a narrative review of chinese literature. | despite the lack of english literature about traditional chinese medicine (tcm) food therapy, there is abundant chinese literature about the application of food therapy for hypertension control. this paper summarizes basic concepts of tcm, the principles of food therapy and its application for hypertension control according to chinese literature. in tcm, food is conceptualized according to both nutritional and functional aspects, and can be used to treat illnesses. four principles of tcm food th ... | 2016 | 27852126 |
| [vitamin c in fruits and vegetables]. | strong opinion about reducing vitamin c content in traditional cultivars of fruits and vegetables as a result of intensive farming practices, on the one hand, and depletion of soil, waste of fertilizers, on the other hand, takes place. the aim of the study was to assess changes in vitamin c content in fresh vegetables, fruits and berries from the 40s of last century to the present. available national and foreign data from official tables of the chemical composition tables published in different ... | 2013 | 24006751 |
| effects of prickly pear dried leaves, artichoke leaves, turmeric and garlic extracts, and their combinations on preventing dyslipidemia in rats. | the successful use of herbal combinations in managing diseases or conditions over a single herb has lead us to evaluate the anti-dyslipidemic properties of the combination of the artichoke leaves extract, turmeric extract, prickly pear dried leaves (ppl) and garlic extract versus each one alone in two different hyperlipidemic animal models. a two-week treatment of each of the natural extracts, combination 1 (artichoke, turmeric and ppl) or combination 2 (artichoke, turmeric, ppl and garlic) prio ... | 2012 | 22811929 |
| phytoestrogens: food or drug? | within the past several years, the relation between diet and health has been accepted by the mainstream nutrition community and in this connection interest in the physiological role of bioactive compounds present in plants has dramatically increased over the last decade.the phytoestrogens are bioactive molecules present as nutritional constituents of widely consumed vegetables. their name derives from the fact that they are able to bind to estrogen receptors and to induce an estrogenic/antiestro ... | 2007 | 22461212 |
| traditional beliefs and practices among mexican american immigrants with type ii diabetes: a case study. | to describe selected common health beliefs and practices among mexican american immigrants with type ii diabetes. | 2015 | 25156743 |
| tes, licuados, and capsulas: herbal self-care remedies of latino/hispanic immigrants for type 2 diabetes. | the purpose of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to explore the characteristics of herbal remedy use for diabetes among latinos/hispanics with type 2 diabetes. | 2015 | 24030377 |
| juice blends--a way of utilization of under-utilized fruits, vegetables, and spices: a review. | the post-harvest shelf life of maximum of fruits and vegetables is very limited due to their perishable nature. in india more then 20-25 percent of fruits and vegetables are spoiled before utilization. despite being the world's second largest producer of fruits and vegetables, in india only 1.5 percent of the total fruits and vegetables produced are processed. maximum amounts of fruit and vegetable juices turn bitter after extraction due to conversion of chemical compounds. in spite of being und ... | 2011 | 21929332 |
| attitudes and beliefs among mexican americans about type 2 diabetes. | hispanics in the united states have a disproportionately high risk for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) compared with non-hispanic whites. little is known of the attitudes and beliefs about diabetes in this group. using data from six focus groups of 42 mexican americans (14 men and 28 women), we characterized perceptions about the causes of and treatments for type 2 diabetes. many participants believed diabetes is caused by having a family history of the disease, eating ... | 2004 | 15531816 |
| betalains, phenols and antioxidant capacity in cactus pear [opuntia ficus-indica (l.) mill.] fruits from apulia (south italy) genotypes. | betacyanin (betanin), total phenolics, vitamin c and antioxidant capacity (by trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (teac) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) assays) were investigated in two differently colored cactus pear (opuntia ficus-indica (l.) mill.) genotypes, one with purple fruit and the other with orange fruit, from the salento area, in apulia (south italy). in order to quantitate betanin in cactus pear fruit extracts (which is difficult by hplc because of the presence of t ... | 2015 | 26783704 |
| heterogeneity of fish taste bud ultrastructure as demonstrated in the holosteans amia calva and lepisosteus oculatus. | taste buds are the peripheral sensory organs of the gustatory system. they occur in all taxa of vertebrates and are pear-shaped intra-epithelial organs of about 80 microm height and 50 microm width. taste buds mainly consist of specialized epithelial cells, which synapse at their bases and therefore are secondary sensory cells. taste buds have been described based on studies of teleostean species, but it turned out that the ultrastructure of teleostean taste buds may differ between distinct syst ... | 2000 | 11079403 |
| influence of the fiber from agro-industrial co-products as functional food ingredient on the acceptance, neophobia and sensory characteristics of cooked sausages. | the sensory analysis of new products is essential for subsequent acceptance by consumers, moreover in the functional food market. the acceptance and food neophobia of cooked sausages formulated with cactus pear fiber or pineapple pear fiber, as functional ingredient, was complemented with a sensory characterization by r-index and qualitative descriptive analysis (qda). female consumers aged between 40 and 50 years showed greater interest in the consumption of healthy foods, with a higher level o ... | 2017 | 28242937 |
| interaction of polyphenol oxidase of solanum tuberosum with β-cyclodextrin: process details and applications. | polysaccharides differing in structure and chemical nature were screened for their ability to bind non-covalently with polyphenol oxidase (ppo) from potato (as a model) and their effect on enzyme activity. all the polysaccharides selected inhibited the ppo but β-cyclodextrin showed maximum inhibition under optimum conditions. process details for the inhibition of ppo were studied with respect to concentration of β-cyclodextrin, temperature, ph, and time. higher inhibition constant and lower half ... | 2015 | 26187193 |
| patulin and its dietary intake by fruit juice consumption in iran. | a survey was conducted to determine levels and dietary intake of patulin (pat) from fruit juices consumed in iran. pat content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in 161 samples of fruit juices including apple, pineapple, pear, peach, pomegranate and white and red grape juices. results revealed the presence of pat in 16.1% of the samples examined, ranging from 5 to 190.7 µg/kg. average and median pat content in positive samples was 34.5 and 18.5 µg/k ... | 2015 | 25494337 |
| analysis of mineral and heavy metal content of some commercial fruit juices by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. | the presence of potentially toxic elements and compounds in foodstuffs is of intense public interest and thus requires rapid and accurate methods to determine the levels of these contaminants. inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the determination of metals and nonmetals in fruit juices. in this study, 21 commercial fruit juices (apple, peach, apricot, orange, kiwi, pear, pineapple, and multifruit) present on romanian market were investigated from the heavy metals ... | 2013 | 24453811 |
| pesticide residue analysis of fruit juices by lc-ms/ms direct injection. one year pilot survey. | for this work, thirteen types of fruit juices (orange, pineapple, peach, apple, multifruit, mango, strawberry, tomato, pear, mandarin, grape, banana and grapefruit) were selected to develop an analytical method for the analysis of 53 pesticides by direct injection in lc-ms/ms. the preparation of the samples was very simple: an aliquot of the juice was centrifuged and it was ten-times diluted prior to analysis, which allowed reducing considerably the time and cost of the analyses. besides, diluti ... | 2011 | 21238751 |
| determination of the insecticide imidacloprid in fruit juices using micellar high-performance liquid chromatography. | a simple and reliable hplc method was developed to determine imidacloprid, a chloronicotinyl insecticide that has a highly specific affinity to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of insects, above its permissible limit of consumption in fruit juices (orange, apple, and a mixture of pineapple and pear). samples were injected directly into a kromasil c18 column, without any pretreatment step, using the micellar mobile phase 0.10 m sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2.5% (v/v) propanol buffered at ph 7 a ... | 2012 | 19916392 |
| screening of antiproliferative effect of aqueous extracts of plant foods consumed in méxico on the breast cancer cell line mcf-7. | we evaluated the antiproliferative effect of aqueous extracts of 14 plant foods consumed in mexico on the breast cancer cell line mcf-7. the plant foods used were avocado, black sapote, guava, mango, prickly pear cactus stems (called nopal in mexico, cooked and raw), papaya, pineapple, four different cultivars of prickly pear fruit, grapes and tomato. β-carotene, total phenolics and gallic acid contents and the antioxidant capacity, measured by the ferric reducing/antioxidant power and the 2,2-d ... | 2009 | 19468947 |
| intra-oral acid production associated with eating whole or pulped raw fruits. | the hypotheses that raw fruits, whether whole or pulped, were cleared rapidly from the mouth and that the sugars in the whole and pulped fruits are fermented with equal efficiency to acids by the oral microflora were tested in this study. groups of 7-9 adult subjects chewed 10 g of raw, whole or pulped fruit (apple, banana, orange, pear and pineapple) for 1 min and whole, unstimulated saliva samples were collected during the following 60-min interval. each saliva sample was assayed for the conce ... | 2016 | 15181333 |
| comparison of the nutrient content of fresh fruit juices vs commercial fruit juices. | to compare the types and quantities of carbohydrate, electrolytes, ph and osmolarity of fresh fruit juices and commercial fruit juices. | 2002 | 12403253 |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of free amino acids in fruit juices using derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl-chloroformate. | a simple, rapid, and reliable reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of 16 amino acids of main interest in commercial fruit juices (pear, orange, grapefruit, pineapple, peach, and apricot) is described. no sample cleanup is required. the ph of the fruit juices is adjusted to alkaline value (8.5) using 200 mm borate buffer, then amino acid is converted to stable derivatives using 9-fluorenylmethyl-chloroformate. the excess of derivatization reagent is remov ... | 2002 | 11866381 |
| multiresidue method for the determination of residues of 251 pesticides in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. | a method is described for the determination of 251 pesticide and degradation product residues in fruit and vegetable samples. extraction of the sample with acetonitrile is followed by a salting-out step. co-extractives are removed by passing a portion of the acetonitrile extract through an octadecyl (c18) solid-phase extraction cleanup cartridge and then, in a second cleanup, through a carbon cartridge coupled to an amino propyl cartridge. determination is by gas chromatography with mass-selecti ... | 2008 | 10868594 |
| incidence of patulin in fruits and fruit juices marketed in campinas, brazil. | one hundred and eleven samples of processed fruit juices (apple, grape, pineapple, papaya, guava, banana and mango) and 38 samples of sound fruits (apple, papaya, mango, pear and peach) produced and marketed in brazil, were analysed for patulin by hplc. only one out of 30 samples of apple juice was found positive at 17 micrograms/l. patulin was not detected in the other foodstuffs. it was found in 14 samples of spoiled fruit samples of apple (150-267 micrograms/kg), pear (134-245 micrograms/kg) ... | 1999 | 10435075 |
| risk factors for latex allergy in patients with spina bifida and latex sensitization. | some subjects with spina bifida (sb) and latex sensitization (cutaneous and/or serum ige) can have clinical reactions, while others may have no symptoms after the exposure to latex products. | 1999 | 10231329 |
| prevalence of and risk factors for latex sensitization in patients with spina bifida. | we determined the prevalence of and risk factors for latex sensitization in patients with spina bifida. | 1998 | 9783950 |
| the prevalence of latex allergy in children seen in a university hospital allergy clinic. | natural rubber latex allergy is responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from rhinoconjunctivitis to severe anaphylaxis, in both adults and children. an association between allergy to latex and allergy to various fruits has been reported. this study investigated the prevalence and clinical significance of latex sensitization in children seen in a university hospital allergy clinic. a total of 453 consecutive children were screened in a 7-month period. a detailed clinical his ... | 1997 | 9062637 |
| context effect of common objects on visual processing. | in previous experiments on visual processing it was shown that correct identification of sequentially and simultaneously presented numerals declined as the presentation interval was decreased from 50.0 to 16.7 ms/numeral. to determine how performance was influenced in context, common everyday objects were used in place of the numerals. these objects were grouped into 36 different categories with 4 objects per category. an example of a category was fruit: apple, banana, pear, pineapple. for all e ... | 1995 | 8539008 |
| spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of deropristis inflata molin, 1859 (digenea, deropristidae), a parasite of anguilla anguilla. | to our knowledge, this paper describes the first ultrastructural results on spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon of a digenea belonging to the family deropristidae, deropristis inflata. spermiogenesis follows the usual pattern found in the digeneans, but a single noteworthy characteristic concerns the centriole, which presents a "prominent pear-shaped electron-dense region." spermiogenesis in d. inflata begins with the formation of a differentiation zone. the two centrioles give rise to flagella. ... | 2007 | 17484073 |
| ascorbic acid contents of pakistani fruits and vegetables. | fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamin c which is known for its antioxidant and immune-enhancing effects. the objective of this study was to determine ascorbic acid (vitamin c) contents of regularly consumed fruits and vegetables available in pakistani markets. most commonly used fresh fruits and vegetables were homogenized in 5% trichloroacetic acid, and ascorbic acid contents in the extracts were determined using a spectrophotometric method. banana, custard apple, orange, lemo ... | 2006 | 17105704 |
| sugar profiles and soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents of fruits in thailand markets. | the objective of the present study was to determine sugar and dietary fiber contents in 37 varieties of thai fruits. sugars were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and dietary fiber values were measured by the enzymatic-gravimetric method. the total sugar (sucrose, fructose and glucose) content ranged from 4.5 g/100 g (strawberry) to 20.3 g/100 g (ripe banana; hawm variety) edible portion. all varieties of ripe banana provided good sources of glucose, fructose and total sugar. ... | 2009 | 19255919 |
| parathelohania iranica sp. nov. (microsporidia: amblyosporidae) infecting malaria mosquito anopheles superpictus (diptera: culicidae): ultrastructure and molecular characterization. | microsporidia are common pathogens of insects and sometimes are considered as a candidate in the biological control of mosquitoes. recently a microsporidium infection was discovered in anopheles superpictus (diptera: culicidae) larvae, in iran. the responsible agent belonged to the genus parathelohania (microsporidia: amblyosporidae). this study has been carried out to identify its identity at the species level. fresh infected larvae were collected from the type locality, kiar district, in chaha ... | 2017 | 28372996 |
| three new species of eimeria (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from apalone spinifera pallidus (testudines: trionychidae) in texas, with a redescription of e. amydae. | three new species of eimeria are described from pallid spiny softshells, apalone spinifera pallidus, collected in north-central texas. oocysts of eimeria spinifera n. sp. were found in the feces of 3/9 (33%) turtles and are subspheroid, ellipsoid, or pear-shaped, 16.3 x 14.0 (14-19 x 12-18) microns, with a thin, single-layered wall; shape index 1.2 (1.1-1.3). a micropyle is absent, but an oocyst residuum is present; polar granule present in 16% of the oocysts. sporocysts are elongate-ovoid, 10.3 ... | 1990 | 2380856 |
| first record of the adventive oriental aphid schizaphis piricola (matsumura, 1917) (hemiptera, aphididae) in europe. | the oriental aphid schizaphis piricola (matsumura) is recorded for the first time in europe, on the ornamental pear tree pyrus calleryana in landscaped areas in madrid (spain). data on the morphology of the forms on primary host (apterous and alate fundatrigeniae and fundatrices), and their biology and distribution are given. the keys for identifying species of schizaphis (schizaphis) in the iberian peninsula are updated. two species of aphids are also recorded for the first time on pyrus caller ... | 2011 | 21594084 |
| from the anther to the proctodeum: pear (pyrus communis) pollen digestion in osmia cornuta larvae. | modifications of the pollen grains of pyrus communis linneaus that occur during the digestion by osmia cornuta (latreille) larvae were studied histochemically. we compared the features of the pollen grains found in the anthers, in the larval cell provisions and in the alimentary canal of the 5th instar larvae. modifications were already evident in the provisions and consisted of protoplast protrusions through the apertures and a decrease in the number of starch-containing pollen grains. after po ... | 2005 | 16105552 |
| comparative genomic analysis of the grf genes in chinese pear (pyrus bretschneideri rehd), poplar (populous), grape (vitis vinifera), arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa). | growth-regulating factors (grfs) are plant-specific transcription factors that have important functions in regulating plant growth and development. previous studies on grf family members focused either on a single or a small set of genes. here, a comparative genomic analysis of the grf gene family was performed in poplar (a model tree species), arabidopsis (a model plant for annual herbaceous dicots), grape (one model plant for perennial dicots), rice (a model plant for monocots) and chinese pea ... | 2016 | 27933074 |
| promotion of flowering by apple latent spherical virus vector and virus elimination at high temperature allow accelerated breeding of apple and pear. | plant viral vectors are superior tools for genetic manipulation, allowing rapid induction or suppression of expression of a target gene in plants. this is a particularly effective technology for use in breeding fruit trees, which are difficult to manipulate using recombinant dna technologies. we reported previously that if apple seed embryos (cotyledons) are infected with an apple latent spherical virus (alsv) vector (alsv-atft/mdtfl1) concurrently expressing the arabidopsis thaliana florigen (a ... | 2016 | 26941750 |
| occupational allergy to peach (prunus persica) tree pollen and potential cross-reactivity between rosaceae family pollens. | orchard workers in north china are highly exposed to orchard pollens, especially peach and other rosaceae family pollens during pollination season. the aim of this study was to investigate whether occupational allergy to peach tree pollen as a member of rosaceae family is ige-mediated and to evaluate the cross-reactivity among rosaceae family pollens. allergen skin test and conjunctival challenge test were performed; enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (elisa), inhibiting elisa, western immunoblo ... | 2015 | 26742437 |
| phylogenetic analyses provide the first insights into the evolution of ovate family proteins in land plants. | the ovate gene encodes a nuclear-localized regulatory protein belonging to a distinct family of plant-specific proteins known as the ovate family proteins (ofps). ovate was first identified as a key regulator of fruit shape in tomato, with nonsense mutants displaying pear-shaped fruits. however, the role of ofps in plant development has been poorly characterized. | 2014 | 24812252 |
| cloning, characterization and promoter analysis of s-rnase gene promoter from chinese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | the 5'-flanking region of the s(12)-, s(13)-, s(21)-rnase with a length of 854 bp, 1448 bp and 1137 bp were successfully isolated by tail-pcr from genomic dna from 'jinhua', 'maogong' (pyrus pyrifolia) and 'yali' (pyrus bretschneideri) genomic dna. sequence alignment and analysis of s(13)-, s(12)-, s(21)-rnase gene promoter sequences with s(2)-, s(3)-, s(4)-, s(5)-rnase 5'-flanking sequences indicated that a homology region of about 240 bp exists in the regions just upstream of the putative tata ... | 2012 | 22728119 |
| functional characterization of an acidic sk(3) dehydrin isolated from an opuntia streptacantha cdna library. | cactus pears are succulent plants of the cactaceae family adapted to extremely arid, hot and cold environments, making them excellent models for the study of molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress tolerance. herein, we report a directional cdna library from 12-month-old cladodes of opuntia streptacantha plants subjected to abiotic stresses. a total of 442 clones were sequenced, representing 329 cactus pear unigenes, classified into eleven functional categories. the most abundant est (uni ... | 2012 | 21984262 |
| post-translational modifications of arabinogalactan-peptides of arabidopsis thaliana. endoplasmic reticulum and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor signal cleavage sites and hydroxylation of proline. | we have developed a method for separating the deglycosylated protein/peptide backbones of the small arabinogalactan (ag)-peptides from the larger classical arabinogalactan-proteins (agps). agps are an important class of plant proteoglycans implicated in plant growth and development. separation of ag-peptides enabled us to identify eight of 12 ag-peptides from arabidopsis thaliana predicted from genomic sequences. of the remaining four, two have low abundance based on expressed sequence tag datab ... | 2004 | 15322080 |
| pectic polysaccharides are attacked by hydroxyl radicals in ripening fruit: evidence from a fluorescent fingerprinting method. | many fruits soften during ripening, which is important commercially and in rendering the fruit attractive to seed-dispersing animals. cell-wall polysaccharide hydrolases may contribute to softening, but sometimes appear to be absent. an alternative hypothesis is that hydroxyl radicals ((•)oh) non-enzymically cleave wall polysaccharides. we evaluated this hypothesis by using a new fluorescent labelling procedure to 'fingerprint' (•)oh-attacked polysaccharides. | 2016 | 26865506 |
| effects of pro-tex on zebrafish (danio rerio) larvae, adult common carp (cyprinus carpio) and adult yellowtail kingfish (seriola lalandi). | aquaculture practices bring several stressful events to fish. stressors not only activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal-axis, but also evoke cellular stress responses. up-regulation of heat shock proteins (hsps) is among the best studied mechanisms of the cellular stress response. an extract of the prickly pear cactus (opuntia ficus indica), pro-tex, a soluble variant of tex-oe(®), may induce expression of hsps and reduce negative effects of cellular stress. pro-tex therefore is used to ... | 2014 | 24493298 |
| olfacto-retinalis pathway in austrolebias charrua fishes: a neuronal tracer study. | the olfacto-retinal centrifugal system, a constant component of the central nervous system that appears to exist in all vertebrate groups, is part of the terminal nerve (tn) complex. tn allows the integration of different sensory modalities, and its anatomic variability may have functional and evolutionary significance. we propose that the olfacto-retinal branch of tn is an important anatomical link that allows the functional interaction between olfactory and visual systems in austrolebias. by i ... | 2013 | 24012745 |
| octavolateral neurons projecting to the middle and posterior rhombencephalic reticular nuclei of larval lamprey: a retrograde horseradish peroxidase labeling study. | the octavolateral area of lampreys, which receives primary fibers from the octaval and lateral line nerves, is involved in the premotor organization of body movements through secondary projections to the reticular formation. here, the typology of neurons of the three octavolateral nuclei (ventral, medial, and dorsal) that putatively project to the middle and posterior rhombencephalic reticular nuclei were studied by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) applied to these reticular ... | 1997 | 9254035 |
| central projections and motor nuclei of the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves in the mormyrid fish gnathonemus petersii. | most of the information about the anatomy of the fish's cranial nerves was collected in the first two decades of this century. experimental analysis of the viith, ixth, and xth cranial nerves by modern tract tracing techniques started about 20 years ago. several species have been investigated to date, including one species of agnatha (myxinoidea), two species of elasmobranchs, and species of some orders of teleostei like cyprinidae, siluriformes, perciformes, and gadidae. the sensory and motor n ... | 1992 | 1447406 |
| motor neurons and motor columns of the anterior spinal cord of salamanders: posthatching development and phylogenetic distribution. | the posthatching development of rostral (1st-4th) spinal motor neurons was studied in ten species of salamanders, using horseradish peroxidase and cobaltic lysine tracing techniques. development of spinal motor neurons differs among species in association with differences in life history and general developmental patterns (i.e., between species with aquatic larvae versus those with direct development, with or without ontogenetic repatterning). in the plesiomorphic state, represented by species w ... | 1991 | 1913139 |
| oxidative turnover of auxins in relation to the onset of ripening in bartlett pear. | pears (pyrus communis var. bartlett) kept in 100% o(2) showed an increase in the rate of softening, chlorophyll degradation, and ethylene evolution. the o(2) application could overcome, in part, the inhibition of ripening by 1 mm indoleacetic acid. ripening of pears was also accelerated by the application of solutions containing indoleacetic acid-oxidation products, obtained by an overnight incubation of 0.1 and 1 mm indoleacetic acid with traces of h(2)o(2) and horseradish peroxidase. although ... | 1975 | 16659106 |
| an ultrastructural study of relationships between the ovarian haemal system, follicle cells, and primary oocytes in the sea star, asterias rubens. implications for oocyte nutrition. | the genital haemal sinus, present throughout the gonad wall of sea stars, is supposed to be the site of ultimate accumulation of nutrients for the germinal epithelium. early vitellogenic pear-shaped oocytes are attached to this sinus by stalk-like processes. the ultrastructure of this association and of the oocyte-follicle cell complex is described with emphasis on mechanisms involved in oocyte nutrition. the genital haemal sinus, and sometimes portions of the surrounding genital coelomic sinus, ... | 1984 | 6509512 |
| fluorescence shell: a novel view of sclereid morphology with the confocal laser scanning microscope. | confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm) was used to observe sclereids from stems of avicennia germinans and from fruits of two species of pear (pyrus calleryana "bradford" and p. communis "red bartlett"). the images obtained from thick (25 to 100 microm) free-hand sections were, in certain respects, far superior to those obtained by other, more invasive and time-consuming microscopic techniques upon which previous reports of sclereid morphology were based. the cell wall surfaces, including the ... | 2004 | 15170758 |
| structural organization of the optic tectum of barbus meridionalis risso. i. inner strata (spv, sac and sgc). | the histological features of the three deepest strata of the optic tectum of barbus meridionalis were studied with several staining and impregnation techniques. the boundaries between spv, sac and sgc were easily established and furthermore the myelinization pattern of the sac is described. several neuronal types were distinguished according to their dendritic and axonal features. pyriform multipolar neurons were found in the spv; in the sac, pear-shaped, horizontal and multipolar neurons; in th ... | 1986 | 2423582 |
| theoretical determination of the pk a values of betalamic acid related to the free radical scavenger capacity: comparison between empirical and quantum chemical methods. | health benefits of dietary phytochemicals have been suggested in recent years. among 1000s of different compounds, betalains, which occur in vegetables of the cariophyllalae order (cactus pear fruits and red beet), have been considered because of reducing power and potential to affect redox-modulated cellular processes. the antioxidant power of betalains is strictly due to the dissociation rate of the acid moieties present in all the molecules of this family of phytochemicals. experimentally, on ... | 2016 | 26253717 |
| trans-epithelial transport of the betalain pigments indicaxanthin and betanin across caco-2 cell monolayers and influence of food matrix. | this study investigated the absorption mechanism of the phytochemicals indicaxanthin and betanin and the influence of their food matrix (cactus pear and red beet) on the intestinal transport. | 2013 | 22806766 |
| in vitro digestion of betalainic foods. stability and bioaccessibility of betaxanthins and betacyanins and antioxidative potential of food digesta. | betalains are considered to be bioactive dietary phytochemicals. the stability of betacyanins and betaxanthins from either fresh foods or manufactured products of cactus pear fruit ( opuntia ficus indica l. mill. cv. gialla and rossa) and red beet ( beta vulgaris l. ssp. vulgaris) was assessed in a simulated oral, gastric, and small intestinal digestion and compared with the digestive stability of purified pigments. a minor loss of indicaxanthin, at the gastric-like environment only, and a decre ... | 2008 | 18959410 |
| identification and quantification of betalains from the fruits of 10 mexican prickly pear cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | qualitative and quantitative analyses of betalain pigments in 10 cultivars/lines of prickly pear (opuntia spp.) fruit grown in mexico were conducted with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (hplc-dad) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (esi-ms). betacyanins and betaxanthins were identified by comparison with the uv/vis and mass spectrometric characteristics as well as the retention times of semisynthesized reference betaxanthins. data revealed that ... | 2008 | 18578538 |
| down co-regulation of light absorption, photochemistry, and carboxylation in fe-deficient plants growing in different environments. | the regulation of photosynthesis through changes in light absorption, photochemistry, and carboxylation efficiency has been studied in plants grown in different environments. iron deficiency was induced in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) by growing plants hydroponically in controlled growth chambers in the absence of fe in the nutrient solution. pear (pyrus communis l.) and peach (prunus persica l. batsch) trees were grown in field conditions on calcareous soils, in orchards with fe deficiency-chl ... | 2006 | 16969716 |
| adaptation of crops to environment. | adaptability is defined as the ability of a crop (or variety) to respond positively to changes in agricultural conditions. the trait is genetically controlled and provides an ability to exploit environmental attributes, both natural and agronomic. values of relative adaptability can be determined by the regression of the yield of the tested crop over the average yield of compared crops from several environments. we evaluated relative adaptability of 12 staple crops in 12 european countries and c ... | 2005 | 16187121 |
| identification of betalains from yellow beet (beta vulgaris l.) and cactus pear [opuntia ficus-indica (l.) mill.] by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | betaxanthins, the yellow-orange water-soluble pigments from yellow beet (beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris cv. bejo zaden) and cactus pear (opuntia ficus-indica cv. gialla) have been investigated using an hplc system compatible with mass spectrometry. five novel betaxanthins were found and characterized as the immonium adducts of betalamic acid with serine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. to enable concentration of betalain samples, desalting was performed by solid-phas ... | 2002 | 11929288 |
| evidence for covalently attached p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in cutins and suberins. | p-coumaric acid (4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) have been identified as constituents of cutin. their reduction products were isolated from a phenolic fraction released from the cutin of the fruits of apple, peach, pear, and two varieties of tomato and apple leaf by treatment with lialh(4) or liald(4). they were identified by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. p-coumaric acid was present in all samples of cutin (0.07-0.53% by weight), w ... | 1975 | 16659364 |
| a proteomics sample preparation method for mature, recalcitrant leaves of perennial plants. | sample preparation is key to the success of proteomics studies. in the present study, two sample preparation methods were tested for their suitability on the mature, recalcitrant leaves of six representative perennial plants (grape, plum, pear, peach, orange, and ramie). an improved sample preparation method was obtained: tris and triton x-100 were added together instead of chaps to the lysis buffer, and a 20% tca-water solution and 100% precooled acetone were added after the protein extraction ... | 2014 | 25028960 |
| the influence of taste in willingness-to-pay valuations of sirloin steaks from postextraction algal residue-fed cattle. | consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay (wtp) for beef sirloin steaks with differing production, physical, and credence attributes related to the use of postextraction algal residue (pear), a novel feed ingredient, were estimated. ninety-six consumers participated in a sensory tasting panel before completing a choice set survey; 127 consumers completed only the choice set survey without sampling products. steaks from grain- and pear-fed steers had similar warner-bratzler shear force (wbsf) s ... | 2016 | 27482694 |
| encapsulating betalains from opuntia ficus-indica fruits by ionic gelation: pigment chemical stability during storage of beads. | betalain encapsulation was performed by ionic gelation as a stabilization strategy for these natural pigments. betalains were extracted from purple cactus fruits and encapsulated in calcium-alginate and in combination of calcium alginate and bovine serum albumin. beads were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. moisture sorption isotherms were determined. bead morphology was affected by matrix composition. ... | 2016 | 26920307 |
| uroperitoneum in cattle: ultrasonographic findings, diagnosis and treatment. | this review describes causes, clinical signs, metabolic changes in serum and peritoneal fluid, diagnosis and treatment of uroperitoneum. rupture of the bladder or urachus is the most common cause of uroperitoneum. the main clinical sign is a pear-shaped enlargement of the abdomen accompanied by gradual deterioration in demeanour and appetite. ultrasonography shows massive accumulation of anechoic abdominal fluid and organs suspended in the fluid. bladder defects may be seen cystoscopically and t ... | 2015 | 26138743 |
| fast and online determination of five avermectin residues in foodstuffs of plant and animal origin using reusable polymeric monolithic extractor coupled with lc-ms/ms. | a hydrophobic monolith (10 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) was developed as a reusable online solid-phase extraction (spe) sorbent coupled with lc-ms/ms for the rapid determination of five avermectin residues in foodstuffs of both plant and animal origin. the online spe was achieved using a 10 mmol/l ammonium acetate solution as the loading solvent, and acetonitrile (mecn) was selected for the washing step. after being transferred from the monolith into a c18 analytical column using mecn, the analytes were an ... | 2015 | 25865176 |
| effect of postextraction algal residue supplementation on the ruminal microbiome of steers consuming low-quality forage. | cattle consuming low-quality forages (lqf) require protein supplementation to increase forage utilization via ruminal fermentation. biofuel production from algal biomass results in large quantities of postextraction algal residue (pear), which has the potential to elicit lqf utilization responses similar to cottonseed meal (csm); however, its effect on ruminal bacterial communities is unknown. five ruminally and duodenally cannulated angus steers in a 5 × 5 latin square had ad libitum access to ... | 2014 | 25349354 |
| effect of increasing amounts of postextraction algal residue on straw utilization in steers. | algal biomass has been identified as a third-generation biofuel. significant quantities of the coproduct postextraction algal residue (pear) remain after lipid extraction. after extraction, pear is concentrated in protein (17.9% cp on a dm basis and 32.5% cp on an ash-free basis), suggesting it may be an alternative to cottonseed meal (csm) as a protein supplement. our objectives were to determine the optimal level of pear supplementation to steers consuming straw and to compare the effects of p ... | 2014 | 25085404 |
| anaerobic co-digestion of dairy cattle manure and pear waste. | anaerobic co-digestion of pre-treated dairy cattle manure (lcm) with pear waste after a storage period (plf) was tested at four inclusion levels: 0%, 25%, 75% and 100%. inclusion levels consisted in the replacement of the volatile solids (vs) from the lcm with the vs from plf keeping the organic loading rate around 1.1 ± 0.4 g svl(-1)d(-1). the introduction of the co-substrate clearly enhanced methane production rate (mpr) in comparison to single substrate (phase i) as phases ii and iii, respect ... | 2014 | 24865319 |
| ultrasonography of the spleen, liver, gallbladder, caudal vena cava and portal vein in healthy calves from birth to 104 days of age. | many of the ultrasonographic abdominal findings of adult cattle probably also apply to calves. however, significant changes associated with ruminal growth and transition from a milk to a roughage diet occur in young calves during the first few months, and it can be expected that ultrasonographic features of organs adjacent to the rumen such as spleen and liver also undergo significant changes. these have not been investigated to date and therefore the goal of this study was to describe ultrasono ... | 2013 | 24040969 |
| ingestive behavior of pastured crossbred dairy cows offered different supplement types. | the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different supplements on the behavior variables of crossbred dairy cows that were in pasture that comprised two 4 × 4 latin squares (four periods, four treatments, and four animals). each experimental period lasted 15 days (10 days to adapt animals to treatments and 5 days for data collection). the animals were supplemented twice a day, with different forage (corn silage and cactus pear) and concentrate sources (soy mea + wheat meal + corn meal + ... | 2013 | 22678494 |
| comparative ultrasonographic imaging of spleen and liver in healthy crossbred cows. | the present study was undertaken to conduct a comparative ultrasonographic study of the normal bovine spleen and liver. this study was carried out in two phases using 3.5 mhz curvilinear transducer. in first phase of water bath study, bovine spleens and livers were obtained from 3 healthy cadavers and subjected to repeated ultrasonography to study the echotexture. the splenic parenchyma was isoechogenic with greater echogenicity as compared to the liver. water bath study provided a good learning ... | 2011 | 23738112 |
| comparison of tannin levels in developing fruit buds of two orchard pear varieties using two techniques, folin-denis and protein precipitation assays. | as part of a study into dietary selection by avian pest species, the levels of phenolic material in pear buds have been determined using two approaches, the folin-denis assay and an assay based on the precipitation of bovine serum albumin by astringent phenols. the results of these two assays do not correlate over the sampling period and their overall significance to ecological studies is discussed. | 1984 | 24318554 |
| reproductive system of brown-throated sloth (bradypus variegatus, schinz 1825, pilosa, xenarthra): anatomy and histology. | in recent years, habitat degradation led to the decline of some populations of brown-throated sloth. the aim of this study was to describe morphological features of the female reproductive system of the species. the oval ovaries were partially surrounded by ovarian bursa. an external cortex and an inner medulla were present. corpora lutea and corpora albicans together with follicles at various stages of development each with a single oocyte were found in the cortex. uterine tubes were tortuous, ... | 2016 | 26250652 |
| a large family of avrlm6-like genes in the apple and pear scab pathogens, venturia inaequalis and venturia pirina. | venturia inaequalis and v. pirina are dothideomycete fungi that cause apple scab and pear scab disease, respectively. whole genome sequencing of v. inaequalis and v. pirina isolates has revealed predicted proteins with sequence similarity to avrlm6, a leptosphaeria maculans effector that triggers a resistance response in brassica napus and b. juncea carrying the resistance gene, rlm6. avrlm6-like genes are present as large families (>15 members) in all sequenced strains of v. inaequalis and v. p ... | 2015 | 26635823 |
| tc1-like transposable elements in plant genomes. | the tc1/mariner superfamily of transposable elements (tes) is widespread in animal genomes. mariner-like elements, which bear a ddd triad catalytic motif, have been identified in a wide range of flowering plant species. however, as the founding member of the superfamily, tc1-like elements that bear a dd34e triad catalytic motif are only known to unikonts (animals, fungi, and entamoeba). | 2014 | 24926322 |
| effects of simulated microgravity on male gametophyte of prunus, pyrus, and brassica species. | in this study we evaluated the effect of simulated microgravity on pollen germination of both herbaceous and woody species in order to investigate the possibility of applying gametophytic selection for plant growth in the space environment. the behaviour of gametophytes exposed to the stress of clinostat rotation could be used to screen the degree of tolerance of the sporophyte to simulated microgravity. the use of male gametophyte selection overcomes the problems generally encountered by sporop ... | 2006 | 16937064 |
| the flavonol glycosides in the fruit of pyrus communis l. cultivar bon chrétien. | 1. two new flavonol glycosides were isolated from the fruit of pyrus communis l. cultivar bon chrétien. these were identified as isorhamnetin 3-rhamnogalactoside and a derivative of isorhamnetin 3-glucoside which was associated (possibly acylated) with an unknown aliphatic organic acid. 2. the melting point of isorhamnetin 3-glucoside isolated from bon chrétien pears is different from that of isorhamnetin 3-glucoside previously isolated from argemone mexicana and calendula officinalis. 3. isorha ... | 1965 | 16749105 |
| studies on the intrinsic nervous system of the wild rodent calomys callosus digestive tract. ii. the submucous plexus. | the submucous plexus of the normal small and large intestine of calomys callosus was studied by nadh and ache histochemical techniques and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. the plexus contains (x +/- sd) 7,488 +/- 293 neurons/cm2 in the duodenum, 5,611 +/- 836 in the jejunum, 2,741 +/- 360 in the ileum, 3,067 +/- 179 in the cecum, and 3,817 +/- 256 in the proximal colon. no ganglia or nerve cell bodies were seen in the esophagus, stomach, distal colon or rectum. the neurons are p ... | 1998 | 9698769 |
| synthesis of theaflavin from epicatechin and epigallocatechin by plant homogenates and role of epicatechin quinone in the synthesis and degradation of theaflavin. | oxidation products of (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin by treatment with homogenates of 62 plants belonging to 49 families were compared. forty-six plants were capable of synthesizing theaflavin, a black tea pigment, regardless of whether they contained catechins. loquat, japanese pear, and blueberry had activities higher than that of fresh tea leaves after 5 h of treatment; furthermore, these plants oxidized theaflavin to theanaphthoquinone. an additional new metabolite, dehydrotheasine ... | 2002 | 11902970 |
| a proposal of linear assessment scheme for the udder of dairy camels (camelus dromedarius l.). | digital images from the left side of the mammary gland of 146 multiparous lactating dromedary camels in mid lactation and managed under intensive conditions were obtained immediately before milking and used to build up a reference scheme for the morphological evaluation of camel mammary glands. a 5-point linear scoring scheme (with 0.5-point accuracy) was subsequently generated based on five mammary traits (udder, depth and floor inclination, teats, shape, length, and width). results showed that ... | 2016 | 27038610 |
| ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen of the goat. ii. liver, spleen, urinary tract and greater omentum. | this review article describes the ultrasonographic findings of the liver, spleen, urinary tract and greater omentum that were previously obtained in studies of healthy female saanen goats. real-time b-mode ultrasonography and a linear or convex 5.0 to 7.5 mhz transducer are used to scan standing goats from both sides. the urinary bladder and urethra are also examined transrectally. the liver is scanned from the intercostal spaces (icss) on the right from dorsal to ventral. the parenchymal patter ... | 2013 | 23454504 |
| accumulation and transport of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in plant cuticles: i. sorption in the cuticular membrane and its components. | partition coefficients (k) of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-d) have been determined for the system plant cuticle/aqueous buffer. cuticles isolated enzymatically from leaves (clivia miniata, ficus elastica, citrus aurantium, hedera helix, pyrus communis cv. conférence and cv. williams, olea europaea) and fruits (lycopersicon esculentum, capsicum annuum, solanum melongena, cucumis sativus) were utilized. only the nondissociated species of 2,4-d was sorbed by cuticles and their lipophilic c ... | 1984 | 6734501 |
| plant cuticles are polyelectrolytes with isoelectric points around three. | the isoelectric points of isolated cuticles from citrus aurantium l. (3.15), prunus armeniaca l. (3.45), and pyrus communis l. (2.90) leaves were determined from membrane potentials. at ph values below the isoelectric point, cuticular membranes carry a net positive charge and are permselective to anions (determined using (82)br(-)). above the isoelectric point, they carry a net negative charge and are permselective to cations (determined using (24)na(+)). there are no gradients of fixed charges ... | 1977 | 16659804 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of myxobolus sheyangensis n. sp. (myxosporea: myxobolidae) with intralamellar sporulation in allogynogenetic gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) in china. | allogynogenetic gibel carp is one of the most important freshwater cultured species in china. however, myxosporidiosis represents a severe threat to prevent the sustainable development of aquaculture of this species. during the investigation of myxosporean diversity of reared allogynogenetic gibel carp in east china, a new myxosporean with typical characteristics of myxobolus was found from 169 out of 210 (80.4 %) examined samples, designated as myxobolus sheyangensis n. sp. by combing comparati ... | 2016 | 27225002 |
| morphology of the ampullae of lorenzini in juvenile freshwater carcharhinus leucas. | ampullae of lorenzini were examined from juvenile carcharhinus leucas (831-1,045 mm total length) captured from freshwater regions of the brisbane river. the ampullary organ structure differs from all other previously described ampullae in the canal wall structure, the general shape of the ampullary canal, and the apically nucleated supportive cells. ampullary pores of 140-205 µm in diameter are distributed over the surface of the head region with 2,681 and 2,913 pores present in two sharks that ... | 2015 | 25515416 |
| ampullary organs and electroreception in freshwater carcharhinus leucas. | the ampulla of lorenzini of juvenile carcharhlinus leucas differ histologically from those previously described for other elasmobranchs. the wall of the ampullary canal consists of protruding hillock-shaped epidermal cells that appear to secrete large quantities of a mucopolysaccharide gel. the ampullary organs comprise a long canal sheathed in collagen terminating in an ampulla. each ampulla contains six alveolar sacs, with each sac containing hundreds of receptor cells. the receptor cells are ... | 2008 | 14692487 |
| [effects of different host plants on the cold-resistant substances in overwintering larvae of carposina sasakii matsumura (lepidoptera: carposinidae)]. | to evaluate the influence of different host plants including apple, wild jujube, jujube, pear and hawthorn on the cold-tolerance substances in overwintering larvae of the peach fruit moth carposina sasakii matsumura, we measured the larvae super-cooling capacity, the water content (w), total fat content (tfc), total protein content (tpc) and total glycogen content (tgc) in the body. results showed that the mean super-cooling point (scps) and freezing point (fps) of overwintering larvae from the ... | 2014 | 25129956 |