| decentralized control of human visceral leishmaniasis in endemic urban areas of brazil: a literature review. | human migration and concomitant hiv infections are likely to bring about major changes in the epidemiology of some parasitic infections in brazil. human visceral leishmaniasis (hvl) control is particularly fraught with intricacies. it is against a backdrop of decentralized health care that the complex hvl control initiatives are brought to bear. this comprehensive review aims to explore the obstacles facing decentralized hvl control in urban endemic areas in brazil. | 2016 | 27433128 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis vaccination: a matter of quality. | there have been exhaustive efforts to develop an efficient vaccine against leishmaniasis. factors like host and parasite genetic characteristics, virulence, epidemiological scenarios, and, mainly, diverse immune responses triggered by leishmania species make the achievement of this aim a complex task. it is already clear that the induction of a th1, pro-inflammatory response, is important in the protection against leishmania infection. however, many questions must still be answered to fully unde ... | 2016 | 27148270 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in petrolina, state ofpernambuco, brazil, 2007-2013. | visceral leishmaniasis is a life-threatening disease of great public health relevance in brazil. the municipality of petrolina is an endemic area in the state of pernambuco, brazil. this study was designed to assess the recent expansion of vl in the municipality of petrolina, pernambuco. patients data were obtained from the brazilian national information system for notifiable diseases (sinan). a total of 111 records from 2007 to 2013 were investigated, of which 69 were residents in petrolina. th ... | 2016 | 27074323 |
| leishmania infantum genetic diversity and lutzomyia longipalpis mitochondrial haplotypes in brazil. | leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the americas with domestic dogs being its major reservoir hosts. the main vl vector is the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis, while other lutzomyia species may play a role in disease transmission. although the genetic structure of l. infantum populations has been widely evaluated, only a few studies have addressed this subject coupled to the genetic structure of the respective sandfly vectors. in this study, we analyzed t ... | 2016 | 27119085 |
| lutzomyia migonei is a permissive vector competent for leishmania infantum. | leishmania infantum is the most widespread etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the world, with significant mortality rates in human cases. in latin america, this parasite is primarily transmitted by lutzomyia longipalpis, but the role of lutzomyia migonei as a potential vector for this protozoan has been discussed. laboratory and field investigations have contributed to this hypothesis; however, proof of the vector competence of l. migonei has not yet been provided. in this study ... | 2016 | 26988559 |
| characterization of a digestive α-amylase in the midgut of pieris brassicae l. (lepidoptera: pieridae). | the current study deals with a digestive α-amylase in the larvae of pieris brassicae l. through purification, enzymatic characterization, gene expression, and in vivo effect of a specific inhibitor, acarbose. although α-amylase activity was the highest in the whole gut homogenate of larvae but compartmentalization of amylolytic activity showed an equal activity in posterior midgut (pm) and anterior midgut (am). a three step purification using ammonium sulfate, sepharyl g-100 and deae-cellulose f ... | 2016 | 27014094 |
| diffuse and disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical cases experienced in ecuador and a brief review. | in ecuador, cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is prevalent countrywide, but only one case of diffuse-cl and two cases of disseminated-cl were experienced during our research activities more than 30 years from 1982 to date. these three patients suffered from multiple lesions distributed at a wide range of the body surface, revealing difficulty to clinically differentiate each other. | 2016 | 27398061 |
| identification of canine visceral leishmaniasis in a previously unaffected area by conventional diagnostic techniques and cell-block fixation. | after the report of a second case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in são bento da lagoa, itaipuaçu, in the municipality of maricá, rio de janeiro state, an epidemiological survey was carried out, through active search, totaling 145 dogs. indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and rapid chromatographic immunoassay based on dual-path platform (dpp) were used to perform the serological examinations. the parasitological diagnosis of cutaneous fragm ... | 2016 | 26910449 |
| understanding the transmission dynamics of leishmania donovani to provide robust evidence for interventions to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis in bihar, india. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a neglected vector-borne disease. in india, it is transmitted to humans by leishmania donovani-infected phlebotomus argentipes sand flies. in 2005, vl was targeted for elimination by the governments of india, nepal and bangladesh by 2015. the elimination strategy consists of rapid case detection, treatment of vl cases and vector control using indoor residual spraying (irs). however, to achieve sustained elimination of vl, an appropriate post elimination surveillanc ... | 2016 | 26812963 |
| pac1r agonist maxadilan enhances hadsc viability and neural differentiation potential. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) is a structurally endogenous peptide with many biological roles. however, little is known about its presence or effects in human adipose-derived stem cells (hadscs). in this study, the expression of pacap type i receptor (pac1r) was first confirmed in hadscs. maxadilan, a specific agonist of pac1r, could increase hadsc proliferation as determined by cell counting kit-8 and cell cycle analysis and promote migration as shown in wound-heali ... | 2016 | 26798992 |
| new insights into the transmissibility of leishmania infantum from dogs to sand flies: experimental vector-transmission reveals persistent parasite depots at bite sites. | canine leishmaniasis (canl) is a chronic fatal disease of dogs and a major source of human infection through propagation of parasites in vectors. here, we infected 8 beagles through multiple experimental vector transmissions with leishmania infantum-infected lutzomyia longipalpis. canl clinical signs varied, although live parasites were recovered from all dog spleens. splenic parasite burdens correlated positively with leishmania-specific interleukin 10 levels, negatively with leishmania-specifi ... | 2016 | 26768257 |
| salo, a novel classical pathway complement inhibitor from saliva of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. | blood-feeding insects inject potent salivary components including complement inhibitors into their host's skin to acquire a blood meal. sand fly saliva was shown to inhibit the classical pathway of complement; however, the molecular identity of the inhibitor remains unknown. here, we identified salo as the classical pathway complement inhibitor. salo, an 11 kda protein, has no homology to proteins of any other organism apart from new world sand flies. rsalo anti-complement activity has the same ... | 2016 | 26758086 |
| the concise guide to pharmacology 2015/16: g protein-coupled receptors. | the concise guide to pharmacology 2015/16 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 1750 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. the full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13348/full. g protein-coupled receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into ... | 0 | 26650439 |
| insecticidal effect of plant extracts on phlebotomus argentipes (diptera: psychodidae) in bihar, india. | phlebotomus argentipes (diptera: psychodidae), the established vector for kala-azar is presently being controlled by indoor residual spray of ddt in kala-azar endemic areas in india. search for non-hazardous and non-toxic biodegradable active molecules from botanicals may provide cost-effective and eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic insecticides. the present study was aimed at evaluating various plant extracts from endemic and non-endemic areas of bihar for their insecticidal activity agains ... | 0 | 26905249 |
| vectorborne transmission of leishmania infantum from hounds, united states. | leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by predominantly vectorborne leishmania spp. in the united states, canine visceral leishmaniasis is common among hounds, and l. infantum vertical transmission among hounds has been confirmed. we found that l. infantum from hounds remains infective in sandflies, underscoring the risk for human exposure by vectorborne transmission. | 0 | 26583260 |
| in vitro activity of phospholipase a2 and of peptides from crotalus durissus terrificus venom against amastigote and promastigote forms of leishmania (l.) infantum chagasi. | american visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the intracellular parasite leishmania (l.) infantum chagasi, and transmitted by the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. since treatment is based on classical chemotherapeutics with significant side effects, the search for new drugs remains the greatest global challenge. thus, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the leishmanicidal effect of crotalus durissus terrificus venom fractions on promastigote and amastigote forms of leishmania (l.) infantum chaga ... | 2015 | 26609302 |
| a novel molecular test to diagnose canine visceral leishmaniasis at the point of care. | dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl) but current serological methods are not sensitive enough to detect all subclinically infected animals, which is crucial to vl control programs. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods have greater sensitivity but require expensive equipment and trained personnel, impairing its implementation in endemic areas. we developed a diagnostic test that uses isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) to detect leish ... | 2015 | 26240156 |
| the shadows of a ghost: a survey of canine leishmaniasis in presidente prudente and its spatial dispersion in the western region of são paulo state, an emerging focus of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis is an emerging zoonosis and its geographic distribution is restricted to tropical and temperate regions. most of the individuals infected in latin america are in brazil. despite the control measures that have been adopted, the disease is spreading throughout new regions of the country. domestic dogs are involved in the transmission cycle and are considered to be the main epidemiologic reservoir of leishmania infantum (syn. l. chagasi). our aim was to determine the prevalen ... | 2015 | 26503368 |
| exosome secretion by the parasitic protozoan leishmania within the sand fly midgut. | despite several studies describing the secretion of exosomes by leishmania in vitro, observation of their formation and release in vivo has remained a major challenge. herein, we show that leishmania constitutively secretes exosomes within the lumen of the sand fly midgut through a mechanism homologous to the mammalian pathway. through egestion experiments, we demonstrate that leishmania exosomes are part of the sand fly inoculum and are co-egested with the parasite during the insect's bite, pos ... | 2015 | 26565909 |
| infectiousness of sylvatic and synanthropic small rodents implicates a multi-host reservoir of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | the possibility that a multi-host wildlife reservoir is responsible for maintaining transmission of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis causing human cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is tested by comparative analysis of infection progression and infectiousness to sandflies in rodent host species previously shown to have high natural infection prevalences in both sylvatic or/and peridomestic habitats in close proximity to humans in northeast brazil. | 2015 | 26448187 |
| clocks do not tick in unison: isolation of clock and vrille shed new light on the clockwork model of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. | behavior rhythms of insect vectors directly interfere with the dynamics of pathogen transmission to humans. the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in america and concentrates its activity around dusk. despite the accumulation of behavioral data, very little is known about the molecular bases of the clock mechanism in this species. this study aims to characterize, within an evolutionary perspective, two important circadian clock genes, clock and vrille. | 2015 | 26438221 |
| correction: lutzomyia longipalpis presence and abundance distribution at different micro-spatial scales in an urban scenario. | | 2015 | 26407075 |
| an insight into the sialome of the horse fly, tabanus bromius. | blood feeding animals face their host's defenses against tissue injury and blood loss while attempting to feed. one adaptation to surmount these barriers involves the evolution of a salivary potion that disarms their host's inflammatory and anti-hemostatic processes. the composition of the peptide moiety of this potion, or sialome (from the greek sialo = saliva), can be deducted in part by proper interpretation of the blood feeder' sialotranscriptome. in this work we disclose the sialome of the ... | 2015 | 26369729 |
| laboratory validation of the sand fly fever virus antigen assay. | sandfly fever group viruses in the genus phlebovirus (family bunyaviridae) are widely distributed across the globe and are a cause of disease in military troops and indigenous peoples. we assessed the laboratory sensitivity and specificity of the sand fly fever virus antigen assay, a rapid dipstick assay designed to detect sandfly fever naples virus (sfnv) and toscana virus (tosv) against a panel of phleboviruses. the assay detected sfnv and tosv, as well as other phleboviruses including aguacat ... | 2015 | 26675463 |
| epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-visceral leishmaniasis-co-infection. | in brazil, the rates of mother-to-child-transmission (mtct) of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) decreased from 20% to 1-2% in some regions. however, the country contains 90% of individuals infected with visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in latin america, and the west region of são paulo state faces an alarming expansion of the disease. we describe the epidemiological aspects of the expanding infection of vl and a case report of an hiv-vl-co-infected child from the west region of são paulo state. the ... | 2016 | 23834783 |
| comparative analysis of carbohydrate residues in the midgut of phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae) from colony and field populations from amazon, brazil. | leishmaniasis are worldwide diseases that occur in 98 countries including brazil, transmitted by the bite of female phlebotomines during blood feeding. in brazil it is known that some species of sand flies as lutzomyia longipalpis sensun latum (vector of leishmania infantum chagasi), lutzomyia flaviscutellata (vector of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis) and lutzomyia antunesi [suspected vector of leishmania (viannia) lindenbergi] are incriminated of transmitting the parasite leishmania for th ... | 2016 | 27264642 |
| the role of surface glycoconjugates in leishmania midgut attachment examined by competitive binding assays and experimental development in sand flies. | binding of promastigotes to the sand fly midgut epithelium is regarded as an essential part of the leishmania life cycle in the vector. among leishmania surface molecules putatively involved in attachment to the sand fly midgut, two gpi-anchored molecules are the most prominent: lipophosphoglycan (lpg) and promastigote surface protease gp63. in this work, we examined midgut attachment of leishmania lines mutated in gpi-anchored molecules and compared results from 2 different techniques: in vivo ... | 2013 | 23611086 |
| seasonality of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) and leishmania dna detection in vector species in an area with endemic visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmaniases are a serious health problem in southeast brazil, including the city of belo horizonte (bh), minas gerais state (mg), where there are high rates of incidence and mortality due to visceral leishmaniases. bh is divided into nine sanitary districts (sd) of which one, the venda nova sd, was selected for this study because it has high rates of positivity for canine leishmaniasis and high incidence of human leishmaniasis. | 2017 | 28327794 |
| nycthemeral rhythm of phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) in a craggy region, transitioning between the wetland and the plateau, brazil. | recording the nycthemeral rhythm of sand flies allows the evaluation of the daily activity in different ecotypes, the period of greatest activity, and their degree of anthropophily. we investigated the fauna and the rhythm of sand fly activity in an ecotourism region in mato grosso do sul (ms) state, brazil. sand flies were captured monthly, using a shannon trap for 24 h periods between july 2012 and june 2014. we collected 1,815 sand flies, in which lutzomyia whitmani (=nyssomyia whitmani, sens ... | 2017 | 28082638 |
| nycthemeral rhythm of phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) in a craggy region, transitioning between the wetland and the plateau, brazil. | recording the nycthemeral rhythm of sand flies allows the evaluation of the daily activity in different ecotypes, the period of greatest activity, and their degree of anthropophily. we investigated the fauna and the rhythm of sand fly activity in an ecotourism region in mato grosso do sul (ms) state, brazil. sand flies were captured monthly, using a shannon trap for 24 h periods between july 2012 and june 2014. we collected 1,815 sand flies, in which lutzomyia whitmani (=nyssomyia whitmani, sens ... | 2016 | 27688269 |
| anthropophily of lutzomyia wellcomei (diptera: psychodidae) in an atlantic forest conservation unit in northeast brazil. | lutzomyia wellcomei (fraiha, shaw & lainson) (diptera: psychodidae) can act as an important vector of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis this study presents the results of collections carried out in a fragment of atlantic forest in a conservation unit of rio grande do norte state. collections occurred over 12 consecutive months using shannon and cdc traps. a total of 777 sand flies from eight species were collected: lutzomyia walkeri (newstead), lutzomyia evandroi (costa lima & antunes), lutzomyi ... | 2016 | 27330100 |
| molecular identification of lutzomyia migonei (diptera: psychodidae) as a potential vector for leishmania infantum (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae). | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil is caused by the protozoan leishmania infantum. this parasite is transmitted by the bite of a female sand fly. the most important sand fly species in vl transmission is lutzomyia longipalpis. in fortaleza, the capital of ceará state, brazil, the simultaneous occurrence of lutzomyia migonei and l. longipalpis was detected in localities where vl transmission is observed. the purpose of this study was to determine conclusively if l. migonei can be found natural ... | 2016 | 26995718 |
| first description of migonemyia migonei (frança) and nyssomyia whitmani (antunes & coutinho) (psychodidae: phlebotominae) natural infected by leishmania infantum in argentina. | leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of the visceral leishmaniasis (vl) disease in america, with lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sandflies as its proven vectors in argentina, and infected dogs as its main urban reservoir. in puerto iguazú city (misiones province, argentina), human and canine cases of vl were recorded. additionally, in the rural area known as "2000 hectáreas", less than 10km away from the city, several human cases of tegumentary leishmaniasis (tl) were registered deter ... | 2015 | 26409011 |
| epidemiological aspects of vector, parasite, and domestic reservoir in areas of recent transmission and no reported human cases of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. | about 97% of the human cases of the american visceral leishmaniasis (vl) occur in brazil. in the last few years, the disease expanded to medium- and large-sized cities, in which surveillance and control actions have been intensified, in an effort to control vl spreading. our two-year study was conducted in belo horizonte, the sixth most populous city in brazil, which is endemic for vl. we focused in two particular districts of recent transmission of the disease, with no reported human cases and ... | 2015 | 25882769 |
| the effect of temperature on leishmania (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) development in sand flies. | the spread of leishmaniasis to areas where it was previously considered nonendemic has been recently found in the new and old worlds, and climate changes are suspected as a crucial factor responsible for this spread. ambient temperature is known to significantly affect the metabolism of sand flies and their developmental times, but little is known about the effect of temperature on the leishmania life cycle in vectors. this study assesses the effect of temperature on the development of two close ... | 2013 | 24180098 |
| cytokine and nitric oxide patterns in dogs immunized with lbsap vaccine, before and after experimental challenge with leishmania chagasi plus saliva of lutzomyia longipalpis. | in the studies presented here, dogs were vaccinated against leishmania (leishmania) chagasi challenge infection using a preparation of leishmania braziliensis promastigote proteins and saponin as adjuvant (lbsap). vaccination with lbsap induced a prominent type 1 immune response that was characterized by increased levels of interleukin (il-) 12 and interferon gamma (ifn-γ) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) upon stimulation with soluble vaccine antigen. importantly, results ... | 2013 | 24129068 |
| risk analysis and prediction of visceral leishmaniasis dispersion in são paulo state, brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is an important neglected disease caused by a protozoan parasite, and represents a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. it is zoonotic in europe and latin america, where infected dogs constitute the main domestic reservoir for the parasite and play a key role in vl transmission to humans. in brazil this disease is caused by the protozoan leishmania infantum chagasi, and is transmitted by the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. despite programs aimed a ... | 2017 | 28166251 |
| antibodies to leishmania spp. in domestic felines. | leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoa in the genus leishmania, typical of rural and peri-urban environments. the causative agent of american visceral leishmaniasis is leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi and the main insect vector in brazil is lutzomyia longipalpis. dogs (canis familiaris) are important in the transmission of the disease, as a reservoir closely related to humans and an infection source for phlebotomine vectors. since 1990, an increasing number o ... | 2015 | 26689182 |
| description of six autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed in pedregulho (são paulo, brazil). | visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of chronic, emerging and zoonotic nature that presents various degrees of severity. in brazil, this illness is caused by leishmania infantum (leishmania chagasi), which is transmitted by the bite of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis, and dogs are its main reservoir. given the increasing spread of this disease across brazil, the aim of this study was to report on six cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed in june 2013, in the city of ped ... | 2015 | 26154962 |
| ecology of lutzomyia longipalpis and lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis. | the main vector for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in brazil is lutzomyia longipalpis. however, the absence of l. longipalpis in a region of autochthonous vl demonstrates the participation of other species in the transmission of the parasite. studies conducted in la banda, argentina, and são vicente férrer, pernambuco state, brazil, have correlated the absence of l. longipalpis and the presence of l. migonei with autochthonous cases of vl. in são vicente férrer, pernambuco, there was evidence for t ... | 2016 | 25271451 |
| the first canine visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in campinas, state of são paulo southeastern brazil. | early detection of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) outbreak in animals is crucial for controlling this disease in non-endemic areas. | 2014 | 25075492 |
| first autochthonous case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in volta redonda, rio de janeiro, brazil. | in brazil, american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) is caused by leishmania (leishmania) chagasi and its main vector is lutzomyia longipalpis. cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in non-endemic areas have been reported over the last few years throughout the country. the objective of this research note is to describe an autochthonous case of cvl that occurred in the municipality of volta redonda, state of rio de janeiro, an area where the disease is not endemic, alerting veterinarians and t ... | 2013 | 24142177 |
| predicted altitudinal shifts and reduced spatial distribution of leishmania infantum vector species under climate change scenarios in colombia. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is caused by the trypanosomatid parasite leishmania infantum (=leishmania chagasi), and is epidemiologically relevant due to its wide geographic distribution, the number of annual cases reported and the increase in its co-infection with hiv. two vector species have been incriminated in the americas: lutzomyia longipalpis and lutzomyia evansi. in colombia, l. longipalpis is distributed along the magdalena river valley while l. evansi is only found in the northern part ... | 2014 | 23988300 |
| asymptomatic dogs are highly competent to transmit leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi to the natural vector. | we evaluated the ability of dogs naturally infected with leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi to transfer the parasite to the vector and the factors associated with transmission. thirty-eight infected dogs were confirmed to be infected by direct observation of leishmania in lymph node smears. dogs were grouped according to external clinical signs and laboratory data into symptomatic (n=24) and asymptomatic (n=14) animals. all dogs were sedated and submitted to xenodiagnosis with f1-laborator ... | 2013 | 23562649 |
| behavioral aspects of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) in urban area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. | the study of some of the behavioral aspects of the main vector of leishmania infantum chagasi cunha & chagas in the americas, lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva), such as dispersion, population size, and vector survival rates, is important for the elucidation of the mechanisms of visceral leishmaniasis transmission. these parameters were studied by means of capture-mark-release-recapture experiments in an urban area of campo grande municipality, an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, situat ... | 2013 | 23540114 |
| analysis of sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in barra do garças, state of mato grosso, brazil, and the influence of environmental variables on the vector density of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912). | leishmaniasis is an infectious and parasitic zoonotic, non-contagious, vector-borne disease caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania. in brazil, the major vector of leishmania (leishmania) infantum chagasi (cunha & chagas, 1934) is lutzomyia longipalpis. barra do garças, state of mato grosso, was designated as a priority area by the brazilian ministry of health for american visceral leishmaniasis, and it is important to identify the vector species present in this municipality. our objective wa ... | 2012 | 22760128 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in the region of saquarema: potential area of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of leishmania infantum chagasi in the americas. | 2012 | 22370841 |
| increased transmissibility of leishmania donovani from the mammalian host to vector sand flies after multiple exposures to sand fly bites. | patients with active visceral leishmaniasis are important reservoirs in the anthroponotic transmission cycle of leishmania donovani. the role of the blood or skin as a source of infection to sand flies remains unclear, and the possible effect of multiple exposures to fly bites on transmissibility has not been addressed. | 2017 | 28329329 |
| structure of salo, a leishmaniasis vaccine candidate from the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis. | immunity to the sand fly salivary protein salo (salivary anticomplement of lutzomyia longipalpis) protected hamsters against leishmania infantum and l. braziliensis infection and, more recently, a vaccine combination of a genetically modified leishmania with salo conferred strong protection against l. donovani infection. because of the importance of salo as a potential component of a leishmaniasis vaccine, a plan to produce this recombinant protein for future scale manufacturing as well as knowl ... | 2017 | 28278244 |
| autochthonous outbreak and expansion of canine visceral leishmaniasis, uruguay. | we report an outbreak of canine visceral leishmaniasis in uruguay. blood specimens from 11/45 dogs tested positive for leishmania spp. specimens of lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies were captured; typing revealed leishmania infantum. our findings document an expansion of visceral leishmaniasis to southern south america and risk for vectorborne transmission to humans. | 2017 | 28221113 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan area of são paulo: pintomyia fischeri as potential vector of leishmania infantum. | american visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by leishmania infantum and transmitted mainly by lutzomyia longipalpis. however, canine cases have been reported in the absence of this species in the greater são paulo region, where pintomyia fischeri and migonemyia migonei are the predominant species. this raises the suspicion that they could be acting as vectors. therefore, this study sought to investigate specific vector capacity parameters of these species and to compare them with those o ... | 2017 | 28134092 |
| sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) in an urban area of northeastern brazil. | the sandfly fauna is well studied globally. in brazil, sandfly fauna is very diverse in the northeast region, especially in states such as maranhão, ceará, and bahia. however, in the state of pernambuco, the distribution of these insects is still not well known. therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the different species that constitute the sandfly fauna in an urban area in the northeast region of brazil, where an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was recently reported. | 2017 | 28001216 |
| association between leishmania infantum dna in the hair of dogs and their infectiousness to lutzomyia longipalpis. | diagnosis of infection with leishmania infantum by dna detection in the hair has been recently demonstrated in dogs and wild animals. our objective was to investigate if polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in hair might be used to identify infectious dogs. thus, we assessed the infectiousness to lutzomyia longipalpis by xenodiagnosis in comparison with the detection of l. infantum dna by pcr in the hair, and with serology for anti-leishmania igg by elisa in 15 positive dogs for l. infantum infection ... | 2016 | 27890081 |
| presence of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) in the parque estadual da serra da tiririca, state of rio de janeiro, southeastern brazil. | the sand fly, lutzomyia longipalpis, is the main vector of leishmania infantum in the americas, primarily occurring in areas of apparent anthropomorphic modifications in several regions of brazil. | 2016 | 27812657 |
| parasite load in the blood and skin of dogs naturally infected by leishmania infantum is correlated with their capacity to infect sand fly vectors. | the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is primarily responsible for the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the new world, and dogs are considered to be the main urban reservoir of this disease. in order to improve the efficacy of control measures, it is essential to assess the transmission capacity of leishmania infantum to the sand fly vector by naturally infected dogs. the present study investigated the existence of correlations between canine clinical presentation and the intensity of ... | 2016 | 27809965 |
| field evaluation of a new strategy to control lutzomyia longipalpis, based on simultaneous application of an adulticide-larvicide mixture. | leishmania infantum (syn. chagasi) is the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis in argentina, and the phlebotomine fly lutzomyia longipalpis is its main vector. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dragon max(®), an emulsifiable concentrate formulation containing the pyrethroid permethrin and the larvicide pyriproxyfen, for lu. longipalpis control under field conditions. the work was conducted in the city of posadas (misiones province, argentina). comparisons were ... | 2016 | 27802395 |
| canine antibody response to lutzomyia longipalpis saliva in endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis. | canine exposure to lutzomyia longipalpis bites and the potential of leishmania infantum transmissibility for the vector were evaluated. | 2017 | 27384835 |
| xenodiagnosis on dogs with visceral leishmaniasis: canine and sand fly aspects related to the parasite transmission. | one of the main limitations for the effective control of canine leishmaniasis in endemic areas is the difficulty in identifying infectious dogs. the objective of this study was to determine factors, related to dogs and to parasite detection in sand flies, which are associated with the positive xenodiagnosis of leishmania infantum using the vector lutzomyia longipalpis. the xenodiagnosis was performed in 50 owned dogs residing in endemic areas, which were divided into three different groups: g1-2 ... | 2016 | 27198788 |
| transmissibility of leishmania infantum from maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) and bush dogs (speothos venaticus) to lutzomyia longipalpis. | leishmania (leishmania) infantum is the cause of visceral leishmaniasis in the americas. the disease is transmitted mostly through the bite of the invertebrate vector, the phlebotomine lutzomyia longipalpis in the new world. although the domestic dog is considered the most important reservoir of the disease, other mammalian, including wildlife, are susceptible to infection. the goal of this study was to perform xenodiagnosis to evaluate the capacity of naturally infected maned wolves (chrysocyon ... | 2015 | 26342623 |
| detection of leishmania infantum in lutzomyia longipalpis captured in campo grande, ms. | leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania (ross, 1903) and is the focus of considerable attention in human and veterinary medicine. in the city of campo grande, ms, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis is leishmania infantum (= l. chagasi) primary vector, comprising approximately 92.9% of the local sandfly population, is lutzomyia longipalpis. the aim of this work was to compare real-time pcr with pcr as a tool for the detection of the kinetoplast dn ... | 2014 | 25054512 |
| ecological and epidemiological aspects of the sand fly (diptera, psychodidae) fauna of the national monument of pontões capixabas, state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil. | we evaluated the ecological and epidemiological aspects of the sand fly fauna in an area of the atlantic forest biome with records of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. sand fly collections at three different localities at the national monument of pontões capixabas, state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil, were conducted by using two centers of disease control and prevention automatic light traps in the peridomiciliary environment and eight centers of disease control and prevention autom ... | 2013 | 24843925 |
| epidemiological survey of lutzomyia longipalpis infected by leishmania infantum in an endemic area of brazil. | the objective of this study was to perform an epidemiological survey to determine the areas at risk of visceral leishmaniasis through the detection and quantification of natural infection by leishmania infantum in lutzomyia longipalpis. the sandflies were captured between february 2009 and january 2010, at 21 sites in four regions of the fortaleza municipality. samples were screened for the presence of leishmania dna by real time pcr (qpcr), amplification of kdna minicircle sequence. out of the ... | 2014 | 24728361 |
| spatial and seasonal distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis in dracena, a city in the western region of the state of são paulo, brazil, that is endemic with visceral leishmaniasis. | vector seasonality knowledge is important for monitoring and controlling of vector-borne diseases. lutzomyia longipalpis (lu. longipalpis) is the main vector of leishmania (leishmania) infantum nicolle, 1908, which is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the americas. | 2014 | 24474011 |
| comparison of two commercial vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis in dogs from endemic areas: igg, and subclasses, parasitism, and parasite transmission by xenodiagnosis. | the incidence of zoonotic canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) would decrease if dogs were effectively vaccinated; however, additional data on the efficacy of canine vaccines are required for their approved preventative use. | 2014 | 24406392 |
| study of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis areas in the central-western state of minas gerais, brazil. | the transmission of leishmania involves several species of sand flies that are closely associated with various parasites and reservoirs, with differing transmission cycles in brazil. a study on the phlebotomine species composition has been conducted in the municipality of divinópolis, minas gerais, brazil, an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), which has intense occurrence of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) cases. in order to study the sand flies populations and their seasonality, cdc lig ... | 2013 | 23178219 |
| carbohydrate digestion in lutzomyia longipalpis' larvae (diptera - psychodidae). | lutzomyia longipalpis is the principal species of phlebotomine incriminated as vector of leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the americas. despite its importance as vector, almost nothing related to the larval biology, especially about its digestive system has been published. the objective of the present study was to obtain an overview of carbohydrate digestion by the larvae. taking in account that phlebotomine larvae live in the soil rich in decaying material ... | 2012 | 22841889 |
| rapid identification of mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotypes by single strand conformation polymorphism in lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) populations. | newly designed primers amplified a 365-bp fragment including the 3' end of mitochondrial cytochromeb (cyt b). field collected specimens of the sand fly, lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva), from two brazil locations provided test dna. the primers, based on consensus sequences from a taxonomic spectrum of arthropods, have also amplified dna successfully from lutzomyia shannoni dyar, lutzomyia cruzi (mangabeira), and the mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse). single strand conformation polymorphism ... | 2002 | 12144306 |
| the biogeography and population genetics of neotropical vector species. | phylogenetic and population genetic data support the pliocene or pleistocene divergences of the co-distributed hematophagous insect vectors, the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis s.l., the mosquitoes anopheles darlingi and a. albitarsis s.l., and the triatomines rhodnius prolixus and r. robustus. we examined patterns of divergence and distribution in relation to three hypotheses of neotropical diversification: miocene/pliocene marine incursion, pliocene/pleistocene riverine barriers and pleistocene ... | 2007 | 17534382 |
| [in vitro insecticidal activity of seed neem oil on lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae)]. | lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. the objective was to evaluate the effect of oil from (azadirachta indica) neem seeds on eggs, larvae and adults of the vector. the insects were captured in the field and kept in the laboratory at +/- 27 °c and 80% relative humidity. five treatments with different concentrations were performed using two negative controls (distilled water and tween 80) and a positive control. the eggs were sprayed with the oil at differe ... | 2016 | 20385053 |
| effect of fruit and leaves of meliaceae plants (azadirachta indica and melia azedarach) on the development of lutzomyia longipalpis larvae (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) under experimental conditions. | this no-choice, laboratory study focuses on the feeding of dried, ground, homogeneous powdered, unprocessed fruit and leaves of azadirachta indica and melia azedarach to lutzomyia longipalpis larvae to determine the effects on their mortality and metamorphosis. a. indica and m. azedarach fruit and leaves significantly increased larval mortality in comparison to larvae fed the untreated, standard diet. a. indica fruit and leaves blocked the molting of the larvae to the fourth instar, resulting in ... | 2009 | 19769044 |
| an evaluation of light-emitting diode (led) traps at capturing phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in a livestock area in brazil. | a study to evaluate the use of light-emitting diodes (leds) as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies at two animal pens in a livestock area in brazil was performed. light-suction traps were operated overnight with the following light sources: green, blue, and incandescent (control) lights. in total, 22 individual collections were made at each site and 44 with each trap type. in total, 2,542 specimens belonging to 14 phlebotomine species were collected. the most abundant species in the light ... | 2016 | 27026156 |
| ecological aspects of phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae) in endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, campo grande, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | aspects of phlebotomine behavior were investigated in the city of campo grande, mato grosso do sul state. the insects were captured weekly during december 2003 to november 2005, with centers for disease control light traps at seven different sites including forests and residential areas. in total, 11,024 specimens (7,805 males and 3,219 females) were collected, from which 9,963 (90.38%) were identified as lutzomyia longipalpis, the proven vector of american visceral leishmaniasis agent. the rema ... | 2012 | 22308770 |
| studies on phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) in the campus fiocruz mata atlântica, jacarepaguá, in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. | the presence of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in the communities of the campus fiocruz mata atlântica (cfma) in the city of rio de janeiro initiated the investigation of the phlebotominae fauna in the atlantic forest to determine the occurrence of putative acl vectors associated with the enzootic cycle. | 2015 | 25860460 |
| histochemical localization of n-acetyl-galactosamine in the midgut lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae). | the binding of lectins to the midgut of the female sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) was investigated using lectin-gold conjugates. midguts from laboratory-reared flies provided fructose solution and/or blood fed on hamster were dissected at 6, 24, and 48 h and at 5 and 7 d after feeding. before examination by transmission electron microscopy, each midgut was sectioned, incubated with lectins from four sources (canavalia ensiformis [cona], helix pomata agglutinin [hpa], peanut agglut ... | 2002 | 12061436 |
| increasing potential risk for american visceral leishmaniasis in amapá, brazil. | the present note discusses some evidence on the increasing potential risk for american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) transmission in the northern brazilian state of amapá, the guianan-amazon biome. | 2017 | 28001227 |
| the biological clock of an hematophagous insect: locomotor activity rhythms, circadian expression and downregulation after a blood meal. | despite the importance of circadian rhythms in vector-borne disease transmission, very little is known about its molecular control in hematophagous insect vectors. in drosophila melanogaster, a negative feedback loop of gene expression has been shown to contribute to the clock mechanism. here, we describe some features of the circadian clock of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of visceral leishmaniasis. compared to d. melanogaster, sandfly period and timeless, two negative elements of ... | 2006 | 16337945 |
| species diversity of sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) during different seasons and in different environments in the district of taquaruçú, state of tocantins, brazil. | phlebotomine sandflies are the vectors for the protozoan parasites that cause leishmaniasis. the present study investigated the species composition of sandfly fauna in the rural district of taquaruçú, municipality of palmas, state of tocantins, brazil and compared the diversity of species among intradomicile, peridomicile and forest environments during the dry and rainy seasons. sandflies were collected using cdc light traps over the course of three months during the dry and rainy seasons. a tot ... | 2012 | 23147157 |
| photoperiod differences in sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) species richness and abundance in caves in minas gerais state, brazil. | caves are unique habitats that are inhabited by a diverse and singular biota. among these inhabitants are sand flies, which are of great epidemiological interest in the neotropical region because they are vectors of leishmania the period of activity of these insects is usually crepuscular and nocturnal, but there are reports of diurnal activity of sand flies in caves. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the periodicity of daily activity of sand flies in cave environments in the municipal ... | 2017 | 28082636 |
| photoperiod differences in sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) species richness and abundance in caves in minas gerais state, brazil. | caves are unique habitats that are inhabited by a diverse and singular biota. among these inhabitants are sand flies, which are of great epidemiological interest in the neotropical region because they are vectors of leishmania the period of activity of these insects is usually crepuscular and nocturnal, but there are reports of diurnal activity of sand flies in caves. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the periodicity of daily activity of sand flies in cave environments in the municipal ... | 2016 | 27559123 |
| sandfly fauna in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in aracaju, state of sergipe, northeast brazil. | in recent years, visceral leishmaniasis, a major public health problem, has been spreading from the rural to urban areas in many areas of brazil, including aracaju, the capital of the state of sergipe. however, there are no studies of the sandfly fauna in this municipality or its variation over the year. | 2012 | 22760129 |
| sand fly vectors (diptera, psychodidae) of american visceral leishmaniasis areas in the atlantic forest, state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the sand fly fauna of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) endemic areas within the central atlantic forest biodiversity corridor, state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil. the sand fly captures were performed between january, 1989 and december, 2003 in localities where autochthonous cases of avl were recorded, as well as in their boundary areas. sand flies were collected from surrounding houses and domestic animal shelters using two to five cdc automat ... | 2012 | 22548541 |
| ecological interactions among phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae) in an agroforestry environment of northeast brazil. | phlebotomine vectors transmit parasites and can cause visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or cutaneous leishmaniasis (tl). phlebotomine females are hematophagous but need to ingest carbohydrates, possibly promoting the development of protozoan parasites in their digestive tract. the present study evaluated the species composition and abundance across several habitats in a metropolitan landscape, as well as associations among phlebotomines, plants, and local climatic parameters. three consecutive monthly ... | 2013 | 24581360 |
| bloodmeal identification in field-collected sand flies from casa branca, brazil, using the cytochrome b pcr method. | pcr-based identification of vertebrate host bloodmeals has been performed on several vectors species with success. in the present study, we used a previously published pcr protocol followed by dna sequencing based on primers designed from multiple alignments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene used to identify avian and mammalian hosts of various hematophagous vectors. the amplification of a fragment encoding a 359 bp sequence of the cyt b gene yielded recognized amplification products in 192 ... | 2017 | 28399200 |
| ecology of lutzomyia longipalpis in an area of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in north-eastern brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health issue in south america, where the disease is rapidly spreading. changes in ecology and distribution of the principal vector, lutzomyia longipalpis are among the factors accounting for the increasing incidence of the disease in this region. however, information about the ecology of l. longipalpis is still incipient, which may directly impair the implementation of effective control programs. herein, the ecology of l. longipalpis was studied in a focu ... | 2013 | 23369878 |
| maxadilan-simile expression in nyssomyia neivai, a sandfly vector in an endemic region of brazil, and its immunogenicity in patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis. | maxadilan (max) is a salivary component in the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva 1912), a vector of visceral leishmaniasis. max has a powerful vasodilatory effect and is a candidate vaccine that has been tested in experimental leishmaniasis. nyssomyia neivai (pinto 1926) is a vector of the pathogen responsible for american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) in brazil. | 2017 | 28177045 |
| dispersal of lutzomyia longipalpis and expansion of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in são paulo state, brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl), a neglected disease, is a serious public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide. the objectives of the study were to evaluate the sensitivity of lutzomyia longipalpis and canine vl (cvl) autochthony early detection and describe the spatial and temporal dispersal of vector and expansion of vl in a brazilian state. we obtained data on the leishmaniasis vector and vl cases in são paulo state (sp), brazil, from the division of endemic disease control an ... | 2016 | 27640322 |
| antissaliva antibodies of lutzomyia longipalpis in area of visceral leishmaniasis. | the aim of the present study was to assess the presence of antissaliva antibodies of lutzomyia longipalpis in human hosts living in area of visceral leishmaniasis, located in the center-west region of brazil. the presence of antissaliva antibodies of l. longipalpis exhibited a strong correlation with the protection and development of antibodies against leishmania sp. of the 492 children studied, elevated antissaliva antibodies of l. longipalpis were detected in 38.4% of the participants. there w ... | 2016 | 27093167 |
| occurrence of lutzomyia longipalpis (phlebotominae) and canine visceral leishmaniasis in a rural area of ilha solteira, sp, brazil. | this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of lutzomyia longipalpis and also the canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in a rural area of ilha solteira, state of são paulo. blood samples were collected from 32 dogs from different rural properties (small farms) and were analyzed by elisa and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat) in order to diagnose cvl. from these serological tests, 31.25% of the dogs were positive for cvl and these were distributed in 66.7% (8/12) of the rural ... | 2017 | 25517523 |
| molecular and parasitological detection of leishmania spp. in a dipteran of the species tabanus importunus. | leishmaniasis is an important chronic zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania spp. the major vectors of this protozoosis are sand flies, and lutzomyia longipalpis is considered the main species implicated in the transmission of american visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. the presence of the parasite's deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in ectoparasites such as ticks and fleas has prompted speculations about the existence of new vectors in the cycle of leishmaniasis. the aim of this paper is ... | 2014 | 24473890 |
| epidemiological aspects of american cutaneous leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sandfly population, in the municipality of monte negro, state of rondônia, brazil. | this work was carried out on the purpose of identifying the species of phlebotomine sandflies in the municipality of monte negro, state of rondonia, brazil, that may have been transmitting the american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl), and concisely describe epidemiological aspects of disease. | 2013 | 23563827 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis abundance in the city of posadas, northeastern argentina: variations at different spatial scales. | the distribution of lutzomyia longipalpis is heterogeneous with a pattern of high abundance areas (haas) embedded in a matrix of low abundance areas (laas). the objective of this study was to describe the variability in the abundance of lu. longipalpis at two different spatial levels and to analyse the relationship between the abundance and multiple environmental variables. of the environmental variables analysed in each household, the condition that best explained the differences in vector abun ... | 2012 | 22990967 |
| the distribution pattern of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) in the peridomiciles of a sector with canine and human visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the municipality of dracena, são paulo, brazil. | the specimen distribution pattern of a species can be used to characterise a population of interest and also provides area-specific guidance for pest management and control. in the municipality of dracena, in the state of são paulo, we analysed 5,889 lutzomyia longipalpis specimens collected from the peridomiciles of 14 houses in a sector where american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) is transmitted to humans and dogs. the goal was to analyse the dispersion and a theoretical fitting of the species ... | 2012 | 22415253 |
| nectar from a wax plant, hoya sp., as a carbohydrate source for lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae). | | 1997 | 9290853 |
| in vitro inhibition of leishmania attachment to sandfly midguts and ll-5 cells by divalent metal chelators, anti-gp63 and phosphoglycans. | leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum are the causative agents of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. several aspects of the vector-parasite interaction involving gp63 and phosphoglycans have been individually assayed in different studies. however, their role under the same experimental conditions was not studied yet. here, the roles of divalent metal chelators, anti-gp63 antibodies and purified type i phosphoglycans (pgs) were evaluated during in vitro parasite attachm ... | 2017 | 28472733 |
| first record of lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) on the trinational frontier (brazil-peru-bolivia) of south-western amazonia. | in south america, the main sand fly species involved in the transmission of leishmania infantum chagasi (cunha & chagas, 1937), etiological agent of the visceral leishmaniasis (vl), is lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912). the species has been recorded in colombia, venezuela, bolivia, argentina, paraguay, uruguay, and brazil, where it is recorded in 24 of the 27 brazilian states, except acre, amazonas, and santa catarina. collections were carried out for one year (april 2013 to march 2014) ... | 2017 | 28453779 |
| leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. | the aims of the study were to determine the blood feeding preferences of sandflies and to identify species of leishmania that infected phlebotomines in caxias, maranhão, brazil, an area that is highly endemic for leishmaniasis. sandflies were captured in light traps located in the peridomiciliary environments of randomly selected houses in urban and rural settings between 1800 and 0600 hours on new moon days between march 2013 and february 2015. dna extracts from 982 engorged female sandflies we ... | 2017 | 28837565 |
| molecular detection of wolbachia pipientis in natural populations of sandfly vectors of leishmania infantum in endemic areas: first detection in lutzomyia longipalpis. | a polymerase chain reaction-based method was used to screen sandflies for infection with wolbachia (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae), an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont found in many arthropods and filarial hosts. positive results were obtained in five of 200 field-collected sandflies and were confirmed by sequencing. all sandflies were lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) captured in a region endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. this is the first study to identify wolbachia ... | 2017 | 28799248 |
| after infection with leishmania infantum, golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) become more attractive to female sand flies (lutzomyia longipalpis). | in brazil, human and canine visceral leishmaniasis is caused by infection with leishmania infantum, a protist parasite transmitted by blood-feeding female lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. the objective of this study was to determine if the odour of hamsters, infected with le. infantum, was more attractive than the odour of the same hamsters, before they were infected. the attractiveness of odour collected from individual hamsters (n = 13), before they were infected, was compared in a longitudin ... | 2017 | 28733676 |
| occurrence of lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva 1912 and cerdocyon thous linnaeus 1977, in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in brazil. | cerdocyon thous presents a wide geographic distribution in brazil and its role as a possible leishmania infantum reservoir in a visceral leishmaniasis (vl) transmission cycle regardless of dogs (canis familiaris) has been discussed. from this perspective, this work describes the occurrence and use of the habitat by cerdocyon thous in a lutzomyia longipalpis occurrence area teresina (piaui - brazil), vl endemic region. three specimens of c. thous were monitored with the use of radio telemetry and ... | 2017 | 28712973 |
| ecological parameters of the (s)-9-methylgermacrene-b population of the lutzomyia longipalpis complex in a visceral leishmaniasis area in são paulo state, brazil. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is an important public health challenge in brazil because of the high number of human and canine cases reported annually. leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of vl and lutzomyia longipalpis is its main vector. however, evidence suggests that this taxon constitutes a species complex. in sao paulo state, there are two populations of lu. longipalpis, each secreting distinct pheromones, (s)-9-methylgermacrene-b and cembrene 1; both have been associated with diffe ... | 2017 | 28558760 |