| toxicological and biochemical basis of synergism between the entomopathogenic fungus lecanicillium muscarium and the insecticide matrine against bemisia tabaci (gennadius). | the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) was challenged with different combinations of matrine (insecticide) and lecanicillium muscarium (entomopathogenic fungus). our results revealed a synergistic relationship between matrine and l. muscarium on mortality and enzyme activities of b. tabaci. to illustrate the biochemical mechanisms involved in detoxification and immune responses of b. tabaci against both control agents, activities of different detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes were ... | 2017 | 28425450 |
| repellent effects of different celery varieties in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotype q. | y-tube olfactometer and net cages experiments were used to investigate the repellent effects of different celery varieties in biotype q of sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), on cucumber, cucumis sativus l. (cucurbitaceae). y-tube olfactometer tests showed that whiteflies have strong repellent behavior to different celery varieties. intercropping different celery varieties with cucumbers had significant repellent effects and oviposition deterrent effects in ... | 2017 | 28431083 |
| zoophytophagous mirids provide pest control by inducing direct defences, antixenosis and attraction to parasitoids in sweet pepper plants. | in addition to their services as predators, mirid predators are able to induce plant defences by phytophagy. however, whether this induction occurs in sweet pepper and whether it could be an additional benefit to their role as biological control agent in this crop remains unknown. here, these questions are investigated in two model insects, the mirids nesidiocoris tenuis and macrolophus pygmaeus. | 2017 | 29274122 |
| validation of a landscape-based model for whitefly spread of the cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus to fall melons. | the cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (cysdv) transmitted by bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) has caused significant reductions in fall melon (cucumis melo l.) yields in yuma county, arizona. in a recent landscape-based study, we found evidence that cotton and spring melon fields increased abundance of b. tabaci and spread of cysdv infection in fall melon fields. here, we show that a statistical model derived from data collected in 2011-2012 and based on areas of cotton ... | 2017 | 28961816 |
| suppression of cotton leaf curl disease symptoms in gossypium hirsutum through over expression of host-encoded mirnas. | cotton leaf curl disease (clcud), a major factor resulting in the enormous yield losses in cotton crop, is caused by a distinct monopartite begomovirus in association with cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumb). micro(mi)rnas are known to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes, including antiviral defense in plants. in a previous study, we had computationally identified a set of cotton mirnas, which were shown to have potential targets in the genomes of cotton leaf curl multan virus (clc ... | 2017 | 29017848 |
| molecular variation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the insect vector bemisia tabaci. | insect vectors play significant roles in geminivirus spread and evolution in nature. to date little is known about the population dynamics of begomoviruses in their insect vector bemisia tabaci. in this study we analyzed the genetic variation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) in its host plant, solanum lycopersicum, in its transmission vector b. tabaci raised on tylcv-infected s. lycopersicum plants, and in b. tabaci after being transferred from s. lycopersicum to gossypium hirsutum. we f ... | 2017 | 29180745 |
| rnai-mediated resistance to whitefly (bemisia tabaci) in genetically engineered lettuce (lactuca sativa). | rna interference (rnai)-based transgenic technologies have evolved as potent biochemical tools for silencing specific genes of plant pathogens and pests. the approach has been demonstrated to be useful in silencing genes in insect species. here, we report on the successful construction of rnai-based plasmid containing an interfering cassette designed to generate dsrnas that target a novel v-atpase transcript in whitefly (bemisia tabaci), an important agricultural pest in tropical and sub-tropica ... | 2017 | 28712067 |
| high level of nitrogen makes tomato plants releasing less volatiles and attracting more bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | tomato (solanum lycopersicum) production is seriously hampered by the infestation of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci meam 1 (middle east-asia minor 1). the infestation behavior of the whiteflies could be affected by the quantity of plant released volatile organic compounds (vocs) related to nitrogen concentrations of the plant. in this study, we determined the infestation behavior of b. tabaci to the tomato plants that produced different levels of vocs after application of different lev ... | 2017 | 28408917 |
| seed treatment combined with a spot application of clothianidin granules prolongs the efficacy of controlling piercing-sucking insect pests in cotton fields. | seed treatments can directly protect cotton from early season piercing-sucking insect aphis gossypii glover but hardly provide long-term protection against apolygus lucorum (meyer-dür). therefore, the efficacy of clothianidin seed treatments combined with spot applications of clothianidin granules at the bud stage of cotton was evaluated to control piercing-sucking pests during the entire cotton growing season. clothianidin seed treatments (at the rate of 4 g ai/kg seed) combined with a clothian ... | 2017 | 28837321 |
| improved sweetpotato whitefly and potato psyllid control in tomato by combining the mirid dicyphus hesperus (heteroptera: miridae) with specialist parasitic wasps. | bemisia tabaci gennadius (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and bactericera cockerelli sulcer (hemiptera: psyllidae) are important pests in tomato, and the mirid dicyphus hesperus knight (heteroptera: miridae) has been shown as an effective predator of both pests. although the predator was able to suppress populations of both pests, the remaining levels could still exceed tolerable levels. thus, we here hypothesized whether the combination of d. hesperus with the specialist parasitoids eretmocerus eremicu ... | 2018 | 29365143 |
| feasible sampling plan for bemisia tabaci control decision-making in watermelon fields. | the silverleaf whitefly bemisia tabaci is one of the most important pests of watermelon fields worldwide. conventional sampling plans are the starting point for the generation of decision-making systems of integrated pest management programs. the aim of this study was to determine a conventional sampling plan for b. tabaci in watermelon fields. | 2017 | 28544773 |
| baseline susceptibility of mediterranean strains of trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) to cyantraniliprole. | cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that acts on a broad-spectrum of insect pest, exclusively by activating their ryanodine receptors. cyantraniliprole is very effective against whitefly and it presents a favorable ecotoxicological profile. in this study, the baseline susceptibility to cyantraniliprole of trialeurodes vaporariorum populations from mediterranen area was stablished making nymphal systemic uptake bioassays. | 2018 | 29377447 |
| a massive incorporation of microbial genes into the genome of tetranychus urticae, a polyphagous arthropod herbivore. | a number of horizontal gene transfers (hgts) have been identified in the spider mite tetranychus urticae, a chelicerate herbivore. however, the genome of this mite species has at present not been thoroughly mined for the presence of hgt genes. here, we performed a systematic screen for hgt genes in the t. urticae genome using the h-index metric. our results not only validated previously identified hgt genes but also uncovered 25 novel hgt genes. in addition to hgt genes with a predicted biochemi ... | 2018 | 29377385 |
| intracellular trafficking of begomoviruses in the midgut cells of their insect vector. | begomoviruses are exclusively transmitted by whiteflies in a persistent circulative manner and cause considerable economic losses to crop production worldwide. previous studies have shown that begomoviruses accumulate in vesicle-like structures in whitefly midgut cells and that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is responsible for their internalization. however, the process by which begomoviruses are trafficked within whitefly midgut cells remains largely unknown. in this study, we investigated the r ... | 2018 | 29370296 |
| fitness costs associated with infections of secondary endosymbionts in the cassava whitefly species bemisia tabaci. | we investigated the dual effects of bacterial infections and diseased cassava plants on the fitness and biology of the bemisia tabaci infesting cassava in africa. isofemale b. tabaci colonies of sub-saharan africa 1-subgroup 3 (ssa1-sg3), infected with two secondary endosymbiotic bacteria arsenophonus and rickettsia (ar+) and those free of ar infections (ar-), were compared for fitness parameters on healthy and east african cassava mosaic virus-uganda variant (eacmv-ug)-infected cassava plants. ... | 2018 | 29367840 |
| genome-wide analyses of the bemisia tabaci species complex reveal contrasting patterns of admixture and complex demographic histories. | once considered a single species, the whitefly, bemisia tabaci, is a complex of numerous morphologically indistinguishable species. within the last three decades, two of its members (med and meam1) have become some of the world's most damaging agricultural pests invading countries across europe, africa, asia and the americas and affecting a vast range of agriculturally important food and fiber crops through both feeding-related damage and the transmission of numerous plant viruses. for some time ... | 2018 | 29364919 |
| from laboratory to point-of-entry: development and implementation of a lamp-based genetic identification system to prevent introduction of quarantine insect species. | rapid genetic on-site identification methods at points-of-entry, such as sea- and airports, have the potential to become important tools to prevent introduction and spread of economically harmful pest species that are unintentionally transported by the global trade of plant commodities. this paper reports the development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) based identification system to prevent introduction of the three most frequently encountered regulated quaranti ... | 2018 | 29363271 |
| the invasive med/q bemisia tabaci genome: a tale of gene loss and gene gain. | sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci med/q and meam1/b, are two economically important invasive species that cause considerable damages to agriculture crops through direct feeding and indirect vectoring of plant pathogens. recently, a draft genome of b. tabaci med/q has been assembled. in this study, we focus on the genomic comparison between med/q and meam1/b, with a special interest in med/q's genomic signatures that may contribute to the highly invasive nature of this emerging insect pest. | 2018 | 29357812 |
| transcriptome profiling of whitefly guts in response to tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection. | plant viruses in agricultural crops are of great concern worldwide, and over 75% of them are transmitted from infected to healthy plants by insect vectors. tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) is a begomovirus, which is the largest and most economically important group of plant viruses, transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci. the circulation of tylcv in the insect involves complex insect-virus interactions, whereas the molecular mechanisms of these interactions remain ambiguous. the insect ... | 2018 | 29338737 |
| maintenance of cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite by tomato leaf curl new delhi virus-analysis by mutation. | viruses of the genus begomovirus (family geminiviridae) are economically important phytopathogens that are transmitted plant-to-plant by the whitefly bemisia tabaci. most old world (ow) begomoviruses are monopartite and many of these interact with symptoms and host range determining betasatellites. tomato leaf curl new delhi virus (tolcndv) is one of only a few ow begomoviruses with a bipartite genome (components known as dna a and dna b). four genes [av2, coat protein (cp), transcriptional-acti ... | 2017 | 29312431 |
| thermal discrimination and transgenerational temperature response in bemisia tabaci mediterranean (hemiptera: aleyrodidae): putative involvement of the thermo-sensitive receptor bttrpa. | anthropogenic climate change and global warming are expected to alter the geographic distribution and abundance of many ectothermic species, which will increase the invasion of new areas by exotic species. to survive in variable or fluctuating temperature conditions, insects require sensitive thermal sensory mechanisms to detect external thermal stimuli and induce the appropriate behavioral and physiological responses. trpa, a thermal-activated transient receptor potential (trp) family ion chann ... | 2018 | 29304195 |
| the level of midgut penetration of two begomoviruses affects their acquisition and transmission by two species of bemisia tabaci. | begomoviruses are transmitted by whiteflies in a persistent manner, but factors responsible for the variation of virus transmission by different species are poorly understood. we examined ingestion of papaya leaf curl china virus (palcucnv) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) by two species of the bemisia tabaci complex, meam1 and med, and then quantified the virion concentrations in different organs/tissues in each species. we found that palcucnv penetrated the midgut wall of med less eff ... | 2017 | 29272747 |
| flue-cured tobacco confirmed as a reservoir host plant for tomato yellow leaf curl virus by agro-inoculation and bemisia tabaci med-mediated transmission. | tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) causes great losses in tomato production. in addition to tomato, tylcv infects many crops or weeds as alternative hosts. these alternative hosts may serve as reservoirs for tylcv survival and spread. here, we tested the capability of cultivated, flue-cured tobacco to act as a reservoir host plant for tylcv. tylcv dna was detected in nine flue-cured tobacco cultivars inoculated with an infectious tylcv clone, although no visible symptoms developed on tylcv-in ... | 2017 | 29272279 |
| phylogenetic and functional characterization of ten p450 genes from the cyp6ae subfamily of helicoverpa armigera involved in xenobiotic metabolism. | the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, is a generalist herbivore widely distributed over the world and is a major lepidopteran pest on cotton. studies, especially from asia, show that it relies on cytochrome p450 monooxygenases with broad substrate specificities to protect itself from pesticides. the number of p450s may have expanded in the processes of coping with the wide diversity of phytochemicals that the insect encounters among its numerous host plants. in order to examine the metaboli ... | 2017 | 29258871 |
| two types of lysozymes from the whitefly bemisia tabaci: molecular characterization and functional diversification. | lysozyme is well-known as an immune effector in the immune system. here we identified three genes including one c-type lysozyme, btlysc, and two i-type lysozymes, btlysi1 and btlysi2, from the whitefly bemisia tabaci. all three lysozymes were constitutively expressed in different tissues and developmental stages, but the two types of lysozymes showed different expression patterns. the expression levels of btlysi1 and btlysi2 were dramatically induced after the whitefly fed with different host pl ... | 2018 | 29247722 |
| virus-infected plants altered the host selection of encarsia formosa, a parasitoid of whiteflies. | the sweetpotato whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is one of the most invasive pest species worldwide. q and b biotypes are the two most devastating species within the b. tabaci complex. bemisia tabaci can vector hundreds of plant viruses that seriously threaten crop production. endoparasitoid, encarsia formosa gahan, is widely used to control whiteflies, however, little is known about the effects of virus-infected plants on e. formosa parasitism of b. tabaci. here, we reported that tomato, whi ... | 2017 | 29213244 |
| the role of the whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), and farmer practices in the spread of cassava brown streak ipomoviruses. | cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) is arguably the most dangerous current threat to cassava, which is africa's most important food security crop. cbsd is caused by two rna viruses: cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv). the roles of the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) and farmer practices in the spread of cbsd were investigated in a set of field and laboratory experiments. the virus was acquired and transmitted by b. tabaci within a short time (5-1 ... | 2017 | 29213187 |
| selecting native perennial plants for ecological intensification in mediterranean greenhouse horticulture. | natural control by predators and parasitoids provides an important and often unnoticed ecosystem service to agricultural landscapes by reducing pest populations in crops. the current model of horticultural intensification in south-eastern spain produces high yields but has also resulted in a landscape almost completely covered by plastic. promoting natural areas among greenhouses could enhance biodiversity, by being beneficial insects, and reduce pest pressure outdoors. the first step is to asce ... | 2017 | 29198200 |
| vermicomposts of different origins protect tomato plants against the sweetpotato whitefly. | the effect of four vermicomposts, obtained from different organic sources (pistachio waste [pwv], date waste [dwv], cattle manure waste [cmv], and food waste [fwv]), as well as two chemical fertilizers (complete fertilizer [cf] and npk fertilizer [npk]) on some life history traits of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) was investigated in a series of choice and not choice experiments. in a choice experiment, adult whiteflies exhibited significantly lower ... | 2017 | 29186435 |
| attraction of three mirid predators to tomato infested by both the tomato leaf mining moth tuta absoluta and the whitefly bemisia tabaci. | plants emit volatile compounds in response to insect herbivory, which may play multiple roles as defensive compounds and mediators of interactions with other plants, microorganisms and animals. herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) may act as indirect plant defenses by attracting natural enemies of the attacking herbivore. we report here the first evidence of the attraction of three neotropical mirid predators (macrolophus basicornis, engytatus varians and campyloneuropsis infumatus) toward ... | 2017 | 29177897 |
| updated mtcoi reference dataset for the bemisia tabaci species complex. | members of the whitefly bemisia tabaci species complex cause millions of dollars of damage globally and are considered one of the world's most invasive species. they are capable of causing extensive damage to major vegetable, grain legume and fiber crops. all member of the species complex are morphologically identical therefore, data from the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (mtcoi) gene sequence has been used to identify the various species. the current reference dataset that ... | 2017 | 29167738 |
| molecular modeling and simulation of three important components of plant pathogen interaction cascade in vigna mungo. | plant pathogen interaction plays a great role in plant immunity. the regulation of various components of plant pathogen interactions is quite complicated and is very important in establishing relationship among components of this system. yellow mosaic disease is common among legumes such as vigna mungo. mungbean yellow mosaic india virus (mymiv) and whitefly (bemisia tabaci) is a vector causing the disease. therefore, it is of interest to document the molecule models of three different component ... | 2017 | 29162963 |
| unusual occurrence of a dag motif in the ipomovirus cassava brown streak virus and implications for its vector transmission. | cassava is the main staple food for over 800 million people globally. its production in eastern africa is being constrained by two devastating ipomoviruses that cause cassava brown streak disease (cbsd); cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv), with up to 100% yield loss for smallholder farmers in the region. to date, vector studies have not resulted in reproducible and highly efficient transmission of cbsv and ucbsv. most virus transmission studies have ... | 2017 | 29155849 |
| methodology for developing life tables for sessile insects in the field using the whitefly, bemisia tabaci, in cotton as a model system. | life tables provide a means of measuring the schedules of birth and death from populations over time. they also can be used to quantify the sources and rates of mortality in populations, which has a variety of applications in ecology, including agricultural ecosystems. horizontal, or cohort-based, life tables provide for the most direct and accurate method of quantifying vital population rates because they follow a group of individuals in a population from birth to death. here, protocols are pre ... | 2017 | 29155758 |
| silence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor expression decreases cyantraniliprole susceptibility in bemisia tabaci. | cyantraniliprole is the second active ingredient of anthranilic diamide insecticide, and the first to control a cross-spectrum of chewing and sucking pests such as sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ip3r) and ryanodine receptor (ryr) are two families of ca2+ release channels to raise the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration when it is activated by various extracellular stimuli. previous study proved the over-exp ... | 2017 | 29107242 |
| unravelling the genetic diversity among cassava bemisia tabaci whiteflies using nextrad sequencing. | bemisia tabaci threatens production of cassava in africa through vectoring viruses that cause cassava mosaic disease (cmd) and cassava brown streak disease (cbsd). b. tabaci sampled from cassava in eight countries in africa were genotyped using nextrad sequencing, and their phylogeny and population genetics were investigated using the resultant single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers. snp marker data and short sequences of mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase i (mtcoi) obtained from the sam ... | 2017 | 29096025 |
| microbes affected the tylccnv transmission rate by the q biotype whitefly under high o3. | ozone (o3) is a major air pollutant that has a profound effect on whole ecosystems. in this study we studied how ho3 affected the transmission of the tomato yellow leaf curl china virus (tylccnv), a begomovirus, by the q biotype bemisia tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner. we found ho3 affected the transmission of tylccnv via the effect of it on the microbial community of the transmitting insect, such as candidatus hamiltonella, ralstonia, diaphorobacter, caldilineaceae, deinococcus, rick ... | 2017 | 29089507 |
| plant-mediated horizontal transmission of rickettsia endosymbiont between different whitefly species. | a growing number of studies have revealed the presence of closely related endosymbionts in phylogenetically distant arthropods, indicating horizontal transmission of these bacteria. here we investigated the interspecific horizontal transmission of rickettsia between two globally invasive whitefly species, bemisia tabaci meam1 and b. tabaci med, via cotton plants. we found both scattered and confined distribution patterns of rickettsia in these whiteflies. after entering cotton leaves, rickettsia ... | 2017 | 29069333 |
| effect of elevated co2 concentration and temperature on antioxidant capabilities of multiple generations of bemisia tabaci meam1 (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) and a warming climate are two of the most conspicuous characteristics of global climate change in this century. however, studies addressing the combined impact of rising [co2] and temperature on herbivore insect physiology are still limited. in this study we investigated the combined effects of elevated [co2] and temperature on major antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), peroxidases (pod) and detoxi ... | 2017 | 29056516 |
| diversity and phylogenetic analyses of bacterial symbionts in three whitefly species from southeast europe. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius), trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood), and siphoninus phillyreae (haliday) are whitefly species that harm agricultural crops in many regions of the world. these insects live in close association with bacterial symbionts that affect host fitness and adaptation to the environment. in the current study, we surveyed the infection of whitefly populations in southeast europe by various bacterial symbionts and performed phylogenetic analyses on the different symbionts detecte ... | 2017 | 29053633 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis reveals networks of genes activated in the whitefly, bemisia tabaci when fed on tomato plants infected with tomato yellow leaf curl virus. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci can transmit hundreds of viruses to numerous agricultural crops in the world. five genera of viruses, including begomovirus and crinivirus, are transmitted by b. tabaci. there is little knowledge about the genes involved in virus acquisition and transmission by whiteflies. using a comparative transcriptomics approach, we evaluated the gene expression profiles of whiteflies (b. tabaci meam1) after feeding on tomato infected by a begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl vir ... | 2018 | 29035786 |
| entomopathogenicity to two hemipteran insects is common but variable across epiphytic pseudomonas syringae strains. | strains of the well-studied plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae show large differences in their ability to colonize plants epiphytically and to inflict damage to hosts. additionally, p. syringae can infect some sap-sucking insects and at least one p. syringae strain is highly virulent to insects, causing death to most individuals within as few as 4 days and growing to high population densities within insect hosts. the likelihood of agricultural pest insects coming into contact with transient pop ... | 2017 | 29312398 |
| leaf chemical compositions of different eggplant varieties affect performance of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) nymphs and adults. | the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) meam1 is a serious pest of many crops worldwide, and its control mostly depends on insecticides. one of the most preferred host plants of b. tabaci is eggplant, solanum melongena, although preferences among different cultivars of the whiteflies vary. we hypothesized that certain nutritional and defensive chemicals of plant leaves, such as nitrogen, glucose, fructose, sucrose, amino acids, total phenolic components, and ... | 2017 | 29272524 |
| nitrogen and water inputs to tomato plant do not trigger bottom-up effects on a leafminer parasitoid through host and non-host exposures. | bottom-up and top-down forces are major components of biological control against pests in an agro-ecosystem. understanding the multi-trophic interactions between plants and secondary consumers would help optimize pest control strategies. we manipulated nitrogen and/or water inputs to tomato plants (solanum lycopersicum) to test whether these manipulations could trigger bottom-up effects on the parasitoid necremnus tutae via host (tuta absoluta) and/or non-host (bemisia tabaci) exposures, and com ... | 2017 | 28967203 |
| molecular characterizations of dna methyltransferase 3 and its roles in temperature tolerance in the whitefly, bemisia tabaci mediterranean. | the bemisia tabaci mediterranean (med) cryptic species is an invasive pest, distributed worldwide, with high ecological adaptability and thermotolerance. dna methylation (a reversible chromatin modification) is one possible change that may occur within an organism subjected to environmental stress. to assess the effects of temperature stress on dna methyltransferase 3 (dnmt3) in med, we cloned and sequenced btdnmt3 and identified its functions in response to high and low temperatures. the full-l ... | 2018 | 29030999 |
| diversity and distribution of cryptic species of the bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) complex in pakistan. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius; hempitera: aleyrodidae) is considered to be a cryptic (sibling) species complex, the members of which exhibit morphological invariability while being genetically and behaviorally distinct. members of the complex are agricultural pests that cause direct damage by feeding on plants, and indirectly by transmitting viruses that cause diseases leading to reduced crop yield and quality. in pakistan, cotton leaf curl disease, caused by multiple begomovirus species, is the mos ... | 2017 | 29029216 |
| comparative toxicities of newer and conventional insecticides: against four generalist predator species. | generalist insect predators play an essential role in regulating the populations of bemisia tabaci and other pests in agricultural systems, but may be affected negatively by insecticides applied for pest management. evaluation of insecticide compatibility with specific predator species can provide a basis for making treatment decisions with the aim of conserving natural enemies. eleven insecticides representing six modes of action groups were evaluated for toxicity against four predator species ... | 2017 | 29029090 |
| pre-infestation of tomato plants by aphids modulates transmission-acquisition relationship among whiteflies, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and plants. | herbivory defense systems in plants are largely regulated by jasmonate-(ja) and salicylate-(sa) signaling pathways. such defense mechanisms may impact insect feeding dynamic, may also affect the transmission-acquisition relationship among virus, plants and vectoring insects. in the context of the tomato - whitefly - tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) biological model, we tested the impact of pre-infesting plants with a non-vector insect (aphid myzus persicae) on feeding dynamics of a vector i ... | 2017 | 29018457 |
| the trouble with meam2: implications of pseudogenes on species delimitation in the globally invasive bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) cryptic species complex. | molecular species identification using suboptimal pcr primers can over-estimate species diversity due to coamplification of nuclear mitochondrial (numt) dna/pseudogenes. for the agriculturally important whitefly bemisia tabaci cryptic pest species complex, species identification depends primarily on characterization of the mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase i (mtdna coi) gene. the lack of robust pcr primers for the mtdna coi gene can undermine correct species identification which in turn compr ... | 2017 | 28985301 |
| cryptic species identification and composition of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) complex in henan province, china. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is a cryptic species complex, causing significant crop losses in china during the last decade. although knowledge of cryptic species composition and dynamics within b. tabaci complex is critical for developing sustainable pest management strategies, limited information is available on this pest in the henan province of china. a systematic survey of the cryptic species composition and distribution of b. tabaci complex in different locations of h ... | 2017 | 28973577 |
| protecting unrooted cuttings from bemisia tabaci (hemiptera aleyrodidae) during propagation. | in north america, the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci genn., is an important pest of greenhouse poinsettia. growers have limited options to control this pest during propagation of cuttings, which are rooted under mist for several weeks. early establishment of this pest increases the difficulty of managing the whitefly and retaining high aesthetic standard during the remaining crop production phase. we evaluated two neonicotinoids with translaminar activity, thiamethoxam (flagship 25wg), and ... | 2017 | 28973486 |
| a landscape genetic analysis of important agricultural pest species in tunisia: the whitefly bemisia tabaci. | combining landscape ecology and genetics provides an excellent framework to appreciate pest population dynamics and dispersal. the genetic architectures of many species are always shaped by environmental constraints. because little is known about the ecological and genetic traits of tunisian whitefly populations, the main objective of this work is to highlight patterns of biodiversity, genetic structure and migration routes of this pest. we used nuclear microsatellite loci to analyze b. tabaci p ... | 2017 | 28972992 |
| thermotolerance and heat-shock protein gene expression patterns in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) mediterranean in relation to developmental stage. | temperature plays an important role in the growth, development, and geographic distribution of insects. there is convincing evidence that heat-shock proteins (hsps) play important roles in helping organisms adapt to thermal stress. to better understand the physiological and ecological influence of thermal stress on the different development stages of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) mediterranean species (med), nymphs and adults were shocked with temperatures of 35, 38, and 41 ... | 2017 | 28961720 |
| comparative transmission of bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus by two cryptic species of the whitefly, bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | the leaf sample from okra plants showing prominent yellow vein mosaic symptoms and healthy plant without any virus symptoms were collected from farmer's field. the presence of begomovirus in the infected sample was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the amplicons were cloned and sequenced. the genome analysis showed that the isolate in the present study had 99% nucleotide identity with bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (byvmv) revealing it as byvmv variant. the genetic species of bem ... | 2017 | 28955628 |
| the incredible journey of begomoviruses in their whitefly vector. | begomoviruses are vectored in a circulative persistent manner by the whitefly bemisia tabaci. the insect ingests viral particles with its stylets. virions pass along the food canal and reach the esophagus and the midgut. they cross the filter chamber and the midgut into the haemolymph, translocate into the primary salivary glands and are egested with the saliva into the plant phloem. begomoviruses have to cross several barriers and checkpoints successfully, while interacting with would-be recept ... | 2017 | 28946649 |
| erratum to: discovery of two small circular ssdna viruses associated with the whitefly bemisia tabaci. | the complete genome sequences of two novel small circular dna viruses isolated from sweet-potato whiteflies collected in central-west (addf) and southeast (ado) regions of brazil were determined by next generation sequencing (ngs), and confirmed by cloning and sanger sequencing. the genomes are 2,199 and 2,211 nt-long, respectively, encoding a putative coat protein (cp) and a replication-associated protein (rep) and showing a genomic organization typical of viruses from the family genomoviridae. ... | 2017 | 28940118 |
| rapid discrimination of isaria javanica and isaria poprawskii from isaria spp. using high resolution dna melting assays. | the current study evaluates the potential of using high resolution dna melting assays to discriminate species in the genus isaria. the study utilizes a previously identified 103 base pair pcr amplicon, which was reported to be selective for isaria fumosorosea. our study finds the amplicon selective for isaria javanica and isaria poprawskii when assayed against all members of the genus. in addition, the high resolution melting profile of this amplicon can be used to discriminate between i. javani ... | 2017 | 28939380 |
| transcriptome analyses suggest a novel hypothesis for whitefly adaptation to tobacco. | the adaptation of herbivorous insects to various host plants facilitates the spread and outbreak of many important invasive pests, however, the molecular mechanisms that underneath this process are poorly understood. in the past three decades, two species of the whitefly bemisia tabaci complex, middle east-asia minor 1 and mediterranean, have invaded many countries. their rapid and widespread invasions are partially due to their ability to infest a wide range of host plants. in this study, we de ... | 2017 | 28935950 |
| detection and epidemic dynamic of tocv and ccyv with bemisia tabaci and weed in hainan of china. | in recent years, two of the crinivirus, tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (ccyv) have gained increasing attention due to their rapid spread and devastating impacts on vegetable production worldwide. both of these viruses are transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), in a semi-persistent manner. up to now, there is still lack of report in hainan, the south of china. | 2017 | 28870255 |
| the ability to manipulate plant glucosinolates and nutrients explains the better performance of bemisia tabaci middle east-asia minor 1 than mediterranean on cabbage plants. | the performance of herbivorous insects is greatly affected by host chemical defenses and nutritional quality. some herbivores have developed the ability to manipulate plant defenses via signaling pathways. it is currently unclear, however, whether a herbivore can benefit by simultaneously reducing plant defenses and enhancing plant nutritional quality. here, we show that the better performance of the whitefly bemisia tabaci middle east-asia minor 1 (meam1; formerly the "b" biotype) than mediterr ... | 2017 | 28861220 |
| spectral separability and mapping potential of cassava leaf damage symptoms caused by whiteflies (bemisia tabaci). | this study examines whether leaf spectra can be used to measure damage to cassava plants from whitefly (bemisia tabaci), and the potential to translate measurements from leaf to landscape scale in eastern africa. symptoms of the cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) and cassava mosaic disease (cmd) viruses, and sooty mould (sm) blackening of lower leaves from whiteflies feeding on the upper leaves, were measured at the leaf scale with a high-resolution spectroradiometer and a single photon avalanc ... | 2018 | 28851022 |
| genetic diversity of bemisia tabaci species colonizing cassava in central african republic characterized by analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit i. | after 2007, upsurges of whiteflies on cassava plants and high incidences of cassava diseases were observed in central african republic. this recent upsurge in the abundance of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) was directly linked to serious damage to cassava crops resulting from spread of whitefly-borne cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs). there is currently very little information describing whitefly populations on cassava and associated crops in central african republic. the ... | 2017 | 28813463 |
| identification of glutathione s-transferases in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and evidence that gstd7 helps explain the difference in insecticide susceptibility between b. tabaci middle east-minor asia 1 and mediterranean. | the bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera:aleyrodidae) species complex includes invasive and destructive pests of field crops, and the sibling species meam1 and med are its two most damaging members. previous research indicated that the replacement of middle east-minor asia 1 (meam1) by mediterranean (med) as the dominant b. tabaci species in china can be mainly attributed to med's greater tolerance to insecticides. glutathione s-transferases (gsts) play important roles in the detoxification of ... | 2018 | 28767183 |
| standardized molecular diagnostic tool for the identification of cryptic species within the bemisia tabaci complex. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci complex harbours over 40 cryptic species that have been placed in 11 phylogenetically distinct clades based on the molecular characterization of partial mitochondrial dna coi (mtcoi) gene region. four cryptic species are currently within the invasive clade, i.e. med, meam1, meam2 and io. correct identification of these species is a critical step towards implementing reliable measures for plant biosecurity and border protection; however, no standardized b. tabaci-speci ... | 2018 | 28736873 |
| towards an understanding of the molecular basis of effective rnai against a global insect pest, the whitefly bemisia tabaci. | in planta rnai against essential insect genes offers a promising route to control insect crop pests, but is constrained for many insect groups, notably phloem sap-feeding hemipterans, by poor rnai efficacy. this study conducted on the phloem-feeding whitefly bemisia tabaci reared on tomato plants investigated the causes of low rnai efficacy and routes to ameliorate the problem. experiments using tomato transgenic lines containing ds-gfp (green fluorescent protein) revealed that full-length dsrna ... | 2017 | 28736300 |
| genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl disease, its viral causal agents and whitefly vector: a way forward to sustain cotton fiber security. | cotton leaf curl disease (clcud) after its first epidemic in 1912 in nigeria, has spread to different cotton growing countries including united states, pakistan, india, and china. the disease is of viral origin-transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci, which is difficult to control because of the prevalence of multiple virulent viral strains or related species. the problem is further complicated as the clcud causing virus complex has a higher recombination rate. the availability of alternate h ... | 2017 | 28725230 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of hsp gene superfamily in whitefly (bemisia tabaci) and expression profiling analysis under temperature stress. | heat shock proteins (hsp) are essential molecular chaperones that play important roles in the stress stimulation of insects. bemisia tabaci, a phloem feeder and invasive species, can cause extensive crop damage through direct feeding and transmission of plant viruses. here we employed comprehensive genomics approaches to identity hsp superfamily members in the middle east asia minor 1 whitefly genome. in total, we identified 26 hsp genes, including three hsp90, 17 hsp70, one hsp60 and five shsp ... | 2017 | 28714602 |
| ace: an efficient and sensitive tool to detect insecticide resistance-associated mutations in insect acetylcholinesterase from rna-seq data. | insecticide resistance is a substantial problem in controlling agricultural and medical pests. detecting target site mutations is crucial to manage insecticide resistance. though pcr-based methods have been widely used in this field, they are time-consuming and inefficient, and typically have a high false positive rate. acetylcholinesterases (ace) is the neural target of the widely used organophosphate (op) and carbamate insecticides. however, there is not any software available to detect insect ... | 2017 | 28693417 |
| whitefly feeding behavior and retention of a foregut-borne crinivirus exposed to artificial diets with different ph values. | transmission of plant viruses by phytophagous hemipteran insects encompasses complex interactions underlying a continuum of processes involved in virus acquisition, retention and inoculation combined with vector feeding behavior. here, we investigated the effects of dietary ph on whitefly (bemisia tabaci) feeding behavior and release of lettuce infectious yellows virus (liyv) virions retained in the vector's foregut. electrical penetration graph analysis revealed that variables associated with w ... | 2017 | 28677320 |
| genome-wide identification and expression analysis of amino acid transporters in the whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius). | the whitefly (bemisia tabaci) is a cosmopolitan and devastating pest of agricultural crops and ornamentals. b. tabaci causes extensive damage by feeding on phloem and by transmitting plant viruses. like many other organisms, insects depend on amino acid transporters (aats) to transport amino acids into and out of its cells. we present a genome-wide and transcriptome-wide investigation of the following two families of aats in b. tabaci biotype b: amino acid/auxin permease (aaap) and amino acid/po ... | 2017 | 28655999 |
| methods for the extraction of endosymbionts from the whitefly bemisia tabaci. | bacterial symbionts form an intimate relationship with their hosts and confer advantages to the hosts in most cases. genomic information is critical to study the functions and evolution of bacterial symbionts in their host. as most symbionts cannot be cultured in vitro, methods to isolate an adequate quantity of bacteria for genome sequencing are very important. in the whitefly bemisia tabaci, a number of endosymbionts have been identified and are predicted to be of importance in the development ... | 2017 | 28654044 |
| rnai knock-down of the bemisia tabaci toll gene (bttoll) increases mortality after challenge with destruxin a. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius) middle east-asia minor 1 (meam1) is a well known invasive insect species. little information is available on immune system of b. tabaci to date. in this study, one of the toll-like receptors (tlr; namely bttoll) was cloned in meam1 b. tabaci which contains an open reading frame of 3153bp, encoding putative 1050 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis indicated that bttoll is highly identitical with other members of the tlr family. transcripts of bttoll detected through qrt- ... | 2017 | 28648996 |
| secretory laccase 1 in bemisia tabaci med is involved in whitefly-plant interaction. | the whitefly bemisia tabaci is a phloem-feeding pest that lives predominantly on herbaceous species and causes serious damage to hosts. whitefly saliva is thought to contain proteins that modulate plant defences and facilitate feeding. a predicted secreted protein, laccase 1 (lac1), was found in the salivary gland transcriptome of b. tabaci and might be existed in the watery saliva of b. tabaci. as lac1 has a potential role in detoxification of secondary plant compounds in insects, we speculated ... | 2017 | 28620217 |
| the homology gene btdnmt1 is essential for temperature tolerance in invasive bemisia tabaci mediterranean cryptic species. | the bemisia tabaci mediterranean (med) cryptic species has been rapidly invading most parts of the world owing to its strong ecological adaptability, particularly its strong resistance to temperature stress. epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in mediating ecological plasticity. in particular, dna methylation has been the focus of attempts to understand the mechanism of phenotypic plasticity. the relationship between temperature and dna methylation and how it affects the adaptability of i ... | 2017 | 28596581 |
| genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of sugar transporter family in the whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | sugar transporters (sts) play pivotal roles in the growth, development, and stress responses of phloem-sucking insects, such as the whitefly, bemisia tabaci. in this study, 137 sugar transporters (sts) were identified based on analysis of the genome and transcriptome of b. tabaci meam1. b. tabaci meam1 encodes a larger number of sts than other selected insects. phylogenetic and molecular evolution analysis showed that the 137 sts formed three expanded clades and that the genes in sternorrhyncha ... | 2017 | 28588501 |
| thermal sensitivity of bacteriocytes constrains the persistence of intracellular bacteria in whitefly symbiosis under heat stress. | temperature affects the persistence of diverse symbionts of insects. our previous study indicates that the whitefly symbionts confined within bacteriocytes or scattered throughout the body cavity outside bacteriocytes may have differential thermal sensitivity. however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. here, we report that following continuous heat stress, portiera and hamiltonella were almost completely depleted in two species of middle east-asia minor 1 (meam1) and mediterranea ... | 2017 | 28585771 |
| discovery of two small circular ssdna viruses associated with the whitefly bemisia tabaci. | the complete genome sequences of two novel small circular dna viruses isolated from sweet-potato whiteflies collected in central-west (addf) and southeast (ado) regions of brazil were determined by next generation sequencing (ngs), and confirmed by cloning and sanger sequencing. the genomes are 2,199 and 2,211 nt-long, respectively, encoding a putative coat protein (cp) and a replication-associated protein (rep) and showing a genomic organization typical of viruses from the family genomoviridae. ... | 2017 | 28567489 |
| characterization of antixenosis in soybean genotypes to bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotype b. | bemisia tabaci biotype b (gennadius) is one of the most important soybean pest worldwide. herein, 15 soybean genotypes were evaluated, to characterize the occurrence of antixenosis to b. tabaci biotype b. initially, a multiple-choice test with all genotypes was carried out, evaluating the settling and oviposition preference at 3 d after infestation, and the colonization by nymphs after 48 d of infestation. subsequently, a no-choice test, using 14 genotypes, was conducted with infested plants ind ... | 2017 | 28535196 |
| population genetics of an alien whitefly in china: implications for its dispersal and invasion success. | invasive genotypes may be associated with their ability to access the invasion habitat. the whitefly, bemisia tabaci q, has been an important agricultural pest in china since 2008. in order to identify the invasion routes and to provide insight into its invasion success in china, we analyzed the composition, distribution, and genetic diversity of mitochondrial haplotypes of b. tabaci q. samples were obtained from 23 provincial level administrative units in 2011, and analyses conducted based on t ... | 2017 | 28533549 |
| analysis of species, subgroups, and endosymbionts of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) from southwestern cotton fields in turkey. | bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is one of the most important insect pests worldwide including turkey. although there are substantial data regarding species composition of turkish b. tabaci populations, the situation is still not clear and further investigations are needed. therefore, in this study, species and subgroups of b. tabaci collected from cotton fields in southwestern part of turkey (antalya, aydın, denizli, and muğla) were determined using microsatellite analysis, a ... | 2017 | 28505238 |
| single-target and multiplex discrimination of whiteflies (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum with modified priming oligonucleotide thermodynamics. | the whitefly species bemisia tabaci (gennadius) and trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) are worldwide agricultural pests and virus vectors. bemisia tabaci, in particular, is often transported internationally via trade routes leading to potential introductions of exotic whiteflies or plant viruses. quick identification of agriculturally important whiteflies can facilitate interventions that prevent these cross-border introductions. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers were designed to amplify ... | 2017 | 28498951 |
| emerging threats of begomoviruses to the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops and their management strategies. | begomoviruses (family geminiviridae) are responsible for extreme yield reduction in a number of economically important crops including medicinal and aromatic plants (maps). emergence of new variants of viruses due to recombination and mutations in the genomes, modern cropping systems, introduction of susceptible plant varieties, global trade in agricultural products, and changes in climatic conditions are responsible for aggravating the begomovirus problems during the last two decades. this revi ... | 2017 | 28466050 |
| transient expression and cellular localization of recombinant proteins in cultured insect cells. | heterologous protein expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins, the interpretation of cellular trafficking/localization, and the determination of the biochemical function of proteins at the sub-organismal level. although baculovirus expression systems are increasingly used for protein production in numerous biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications, nonlytic systems that do not involve viral infection have clear benefits but are often overlooked a ... | 2017 | 28448055 |
| genome-wide analysis of atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters in the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci. | abc transporter superfamily is one of the largest and ubiquitous groups of proteins. because of their role in detoxification, insect abc transporters have gained more attention in recent years. in this study, we annotated abc transporters from a newly sequenced sweetpotato whitefly genome. bemisia tabaci q biotype is an emerging global invasive species that has caused extensive damages to field crops as well as ornamental plants. | 2017 | 28446145 |
| interactions between cassava mosaic geminiviruses and their vector, bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is the vector of the cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) that cause cassava mosaic disease (cmd). synergistic interactions between b. tabaci and cmgs have been hypothesized as a cause of whitefly "super-abundance," which has been a key factor behind the spread of the severe cmd pandemic through east and central africa. the current study investigated this hypothesis by conducting experiments with cmd-susceptible cassava varieties infected with ... | 2017 | 28431093 |
| lethal interference competition in the whitefly parasitoids eretmocerus eremicus and encarsia sophia. | recent population-dynamic theory suggests that mechanisms of lethal interference competition can have profound effects on parasitoid coexistence and pest suppression in biological control systems. we investigated lethal intraspecific and interspecific interference competition in eretmocerus eremicus and encarsia sophia, parasitoids of the whitefly pest, bemisia tabaci. our first experiments evaluated whether one or both species could suppress the progeny production of the other species through t ... | 2001 | 28547062 |