| use of c-reactive protein in minimizing antibiotic exposure: experience with infants initially admitted to a well-baby nursery. | to evaluate the use of a clinical pathway for neonatal sepsis in decisions about initiating and continuing antibiotic treatment. | 2000 | 10878173 |
| evaluation of the use of bactec anaerobic blood cultures in the detection of bacteraemia and fungaemia in children. | in an attempt to reduce costs, the role of bactec anaerobic blood culture in the detection of bacteraemia and fungaemia in children was evaluated. results from 3167 sets of aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures from children admitted to the university hospital, kuala lumpur during a one year period, were analysed. four hundred and eight (12.9%) sets of blood cultures were positive, of which 348 sets (11.0%) from 201 patients were clinically significant. of the 348 significant positive sets, organ ... | 1996 | 10879222 |
| cytokines enhance opsonophagocytosis of type iii group b streptococcus. | neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn)-mediated killing is important to host defense against type iii group b streptococcus (gbs). in neonates, a qualitative and quantitative deficiency in pmn-mediated host defense may contribute to an impaired neonatal response to this pathogen. | 2000 | 10879334 |
| serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of group b streptococcus isolated from neonates in casablanca. | the serotypes and the levels of antibiotic resistance of 59 streptococcus agalactiae isolates from neonates in casablanca, from february 1992 to july 1997, were studied. most of the isolates (86.4%) were recovered from early-onset disease. the serotype distribution was as follows: serotype iii 39%; serotype ia 32.2%; and serotype v 10.2%. all strains were susceptible to penicillin g, cefotaxime and ampicillin, whereas 1 strain was resistant to erythromycin. no high level of resistance to gentami ... | 2000 | 10879617 |
| group b streptococcal infection early onset disease controversies in prevention guidelines, and management strategies for the neonate. | group b streptococcus (gbs) has been a major pathogen that is particularly devastating to the newborn for more than two decades. initial guidelines were promoted by the aap in 1992 to help deal with this organism, but these recommendations were poorly accepted and not widely used. in 1996-1997 the aap, cdc, and acog created new guidelines for the management of the mother and infant at risk for gbs. though usually in agreement, these three sets of recommendations still have some differences that ... | 2000 | 10879933 |
| cross-protection between group a and group b streptococci due to cross-reacting surface proteins. | the r28 protein of group a streptococcus (gas) and the rib protein of group b streptococcus (gbs) are surface molecules that elicit protective immunity to experimental infection. these proteins are members of the same family and cross-react immunologically. in spite of extensive amino acid residue identity, the cross-reactivity between r28 and rib was found to be limited, as shown by analysis with highly purified proteins and specific antisera. nevertheless, immunization of mice with purified r2 ... | 2000 | 10882591 |
| group b streptococcal beta-hemolysin induces nitric oxide production in murine macrophages. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of sepsis in neonates. nitric oxide (no) release plays a role in the hypotension that characterizes septic shock. to examine the role of the gbs beta-hemolysin in no production, the murine macrophage line raw 264. 7 was exposed to a wild-type (wt) gbs isolate and to hyperhemolytic (hh) and nonhemolytic (nh) transposon mutants derived from that isolate. after activation of macrophages by the wt strain, the hh mutant, or cell-free extracts of beta-h ... | 2000 | 10882592 |
| value of superficial cultures in diagnosing neonatal sepsis. | this study was conducted to determine the value of superficial cultures in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in our hospital. sixty three babies, younger than 2 weeks who were admitted with suspected sepsis were investigated. a total of 369 cultures were obtained from these babies--252 (68.29%) superficial and 171 (31.70%) deep cultures. external ear canal swab, umbilical cord swab and throat swab culture accounted for the superficial cultures. blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid culture and i.v. ... | 2000 | 10885204 |
| cost consequences of elimination of the routine group b streptococcus culture at a teaching hospital. | to evaluate the cost consequence of the elimination of routine group b streptococcus (gbs) cultures in pregnancy utilizing risk factor assessment management recommendations of the center for disease control. | 2000 | 10902828 |
| antibiotic susceptibility profiles for group b streptococci isolated from neonates, 1995-1998. | antibiotic susceptibility profiles were analyzed for 119 invasive and 227 colonizing strains of group b streptococci isolated from neonates at 6 us academic centers. all strains were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime. the rate of resistance to erythromycin was 20.2% and to clindamycin was 6.9%. resistance to erythromycin increased in 1997. type v strains were more resistant to erythromycin than were type ia (p=.003) and type ib (p=.004) strains and were more ... | 2000 | 10913400 |
| neonatal escherichia coli infections: concerns regarding resistance to current therapy. | currently recommended antibiotic treatment of suspected neonatal sepsis is ampicillin and an aminoglycoside. recently, we observed increasing ampicillin and gentamicin resistance in strains of escherichia coli isolated from neonates at our institution. we therefore reviewed clinical and laboratory records of all neonates with systemic infection, hospitalized from 1994 through 1998, from whom e. coli was isolated from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid. the influence of perinatal variables (e.g. ru ... | 2000 | 10914963 |
| neonatal sepsis workups in infants >/=2000 grams at birth: a population-based study. | few data are available on the outcome of neonatal sepsis evaluations in an era when intrapartum antibiotic therapy is common. | 2000 | 10920148 |
| bacterial colonization of toys in neonatal intensive care cots. | to investigate the bacteria and fungi contaminating toys in neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) cots, the colonization rates, and factors that influence them. | 2000 | 10920174 |
| maternal risk factors for perinatal septicemia due to the enterobacteriaceae. | cases of perinatal septicemia due to the enterobactericeae, which manifest in the first 24 hr of life were analyzed for the presence or absence of the maternal risk factors defined in the cdc group b streptococcus (gbs) risk-factor protocol. microbiological data involving blood culture isolates were reviewed for the recovery of an enterobacteriaceae from january 1975 through june 1995. enterobacteriaceae perinatal septicemia was defined as the recovery an enterobacteriaceae from one or more set ... | 2000 | 10928599 |
| interactions between streptococcus suis serotype 2 and different epithelial cell lines. | streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen responsible for cases of sudden death, septicaemia, meningitis, endocarditis and pneumonia. it is also recognized as a zoonotic agent in people occupationally exposed to pigs or pig products. knowledge on virulence factors of s. suis serotype 2 is limited and the pathogenesis of the infection is poorly understood. it has been suggested that the disease due to s. suis serotype 2 begins with colonization of the nasopharyngeal epithelium, followed b ... | 2000 | 10931895 |
| fetal immunization by a dna vaccine delivered into the oral cavity. | infectious diseases are the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in humans. the world health organization estimated that in 1995 approximately 8 million infants died within the first year of life from infectious diseases, including 5 million during the first week of life. some of the salient pathogens involved include herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, human cytomegalovirus, group b streptococcus, hemophilus and chlamydia. infection with these pathog ... | 2000 | 10932233 |
| [bacterial meningitis in infants 1 to 8 weeks old]. | bacterial meningitis in the newborn and infant remains a serious problem, with a mortality rate of 24% and a morbidity rate ranging from 30 to 50%. this retrospective study conducted between january 1982 and december 1997, aims to characterize the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in infants less than 60 days of age. thirty-five infants between 6 and 60 days of age, hospitalized for bacterial meningitis in the pediatric units of edouard-herriot hospital in lyon, france, were included. the cli ... | 2000 | 10941481 |
| genetic polymorphisms of group b streptococcus scpb alter functional activity of a cell-associated peptidase that inactivates c5a. | many group b streptococcus agalactiae strains and other pathogenic streptococci express a cell-associated peptidase that inactivates c5a (c5a-ase), the major neutrophil chemoattractant produced by activation of the complement cascade. type iii group b streptococci (gbs) can be classified genotypically into three restriction digest pattern types. functional c5a-ase activity of gbs correlates with this genetic typing; therefore, we sought to identify a genetic basis for this phenomenon. southern h ... | 2000 | 10948119 |
| liberal diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine infection reduces early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal infection but not sepsis by other pathogens. | comparison of the incidence and case fatality of early-onset group b streptococcus sepsis and sepsis caused by other pathogens in neonates after change of management of intrauterine infection. | 2000 | 10968596 |
| genotyping of the capsule gene cluster (cps) in nontypeable group b streptococci reveals two major cps allelic variants of serotypes iii and vii. | forty group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates obtained from europe and the united states previously reported to be nontypeable (nt) by capsule serotype determination were subjected to buoyant density gradient centrifugation. from nearly half of the isolates capsule-expressing variants could be selected. for characterization of the remaining nt-gbs isolates, the capsule operon (cps) was amplified by the long-fragment pcr technique and compared by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analy ... | 2000 | 10970395 |
| [prevention of perinatal group b streptococcus disease in light of an unknown maternal carriage rate in israel]. | | 2000 | 10979430 |
| use of capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine for type ii group b streptococcus in healthy women. | an estimated 15% of invasive group b streptococcal (gbs) disease is caused by type ii capsular polysaccharide (ii cps). in developing a pentavalent vaccine for the prevention of gbs infections, individual gbs cpss have been coupled to tetanus toxoid (tt) to prepare vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity. type ii gbs (gbs ii) vaccine was created by direct, covalent coupling of ii cps to tt by reductive amination. in 2 clinical trials, 75 healthy nonpregnant women 18-45 years old were randomized to ... | 2000 | 10979909 |
| group b streptococcal meningitis in adults: recent increase in southeast asia. | meningitis caused by streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is rare in adults and usually affects patients with predisposing conditions. | 2000 | 10985511 |
| systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice after mucosal immunization with group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide-cholera toxin b subunit conjugate vaccine. | group b streptococci (gbs) colonize the female genital and rectal tracts and can cause invasive infection in susceptible newborns. an optimally effective gbs vaccine should induce mucosal and systemic immunity. in this study, we investigate the local and systemic immune responses to gbs type iii capsular polysaccharide (cps) after mucosal vaccination of mice via intranasal, peroral, rectal, and vaginal routes, with gbs type iii cps conjugated with recombinant cholera toxin b subunit (gbs iii cps ... | 2000 | 10992481 |
| lectin site interaction with capsular polysaccharide mediates nonimmune phagocytosis of type iii group b streptococci. | group b streptococcus (gbs) causes substantial morbidity but most individuals exposed to the organism remain healthy. these experiments tested the hypothesis that engagement of the complement receptor 3 (cr3) lectin site would effectively trigger neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of complement-opsonized type iii gbs by nonimmune human sera. using an opsonophagocytosis assay, saccharides identified as interacting with the cr3 lectin site effectively inhibited neutrophil-mediated killing of type ii ... | 2000 | 10992487 |
| neonatal meningitis: mortality, cerebrospinal fluid, and microbiological findings. | this study describes the bacteriology, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) findings, and mortality of neonatal meningitis over an 11-year period. the minimum incidence of neonatal meningitis at tygerberg hospital is 0.72/1000 live births/year. eighty-eight patients were included in the study. median birthweight and age at diagnosis were 2320 g and 12 days, respectively. csf culture was positive in 77 (88 per cent), blood culture was positive in 51 (57 per cent), and gram stain was positive in 58 (66 per c ... | 2000 | 10996987 |
| self-collection of antepartum anogenital group b streptococcus cultures. | | 2000 | 11001014 |
| bacterial genetics and human immunity to group b streptococci. | serotype iii group b streptococcus agalactiae (gbs) are the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. we have classified type iii gbs by restriction digest patterns of chromosomal dna and demonstrated that a subgroup of genetically related strains (rdp type iii-3) causes the majority of type iii gbs neonatal infection. genetic differences between type iii gbs strains contribute significantly to differences in virulence and host immune responses. while 100% of less virulent rdp type ii ... | 2000 | 11001839 |
| group b streptococcal colonization and serotype-specific immunity in pregnant women at delivery. | to describe the relationship between serum concentration of group b streptococcal capsular polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin (ig) g, colonization status, race or ethnicity, and age in pregnant women. | 2000 | 11004347 |
| prelabor rupture of the membranes at term: expectant management at home or in hospital? the termprom study group. | to determine whether adverse effects of expectant management for premature rupture of membranes (prom) at term and patient satisfaction were greater if women were managed at home rather than in a hospital. | 2000 | 11004354 |
| preventive procedures against gbs infection by means of antibody measurement. | screening group b streptococcus (gbs) in the vagina of pregnant women and measuring serum level of its type-specific antibody would be useful for cost-benefit of the prevention against gbs infection. | 2000 | 11004709 |
| basic studies on group b streptococcal (gbs) culture medium. | yeast extract and serum are said to be necessary for the pigmentation of group b streptococcus (hereafter, gbs). we're examined the necessity of these for the gbs pigmentation. firstly, we examined the following four types of culture media. (1) the medium in which serum was excluded from the new granada medium (hereafter, called basic medium). (2) new granada medium (hereafter, s medium). (3) the medium in which yeast extract was added to (1) (hereafter, y medium). (4) the medium in which added ... | 2000 | 11004710 |
| bacterial penetration across the blood-brain barrier during the development of neonatal meningitis. | bacterial pathogens may breach the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and invade the central nervous system through paracellular and/or transcellular mechanisms. transcellular penetration, e.g., transcytosis across the bbb has been demonstrated for escherichia coli k1, group b streptococcus, listeria monocytogenes, citrobacter freundii and streptococcus pneumonia strains. genes contributing to invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells include e. coli k1 genes ompa, ibea, ibeb, and yijp. understan ... | 2000 | 11008113 |
| serum procalcitonin concentrations in term delivering mothers and their healthy offspring: a longitudinal study. | the reported sensitivities and specificities of procalcitonin (pct) concentrations for the diagnosis of neonatal infection vary widely. a postnatal increase of pct has been observed in healthy term newborns with a peak at approximately 24 h of age, and many questions remain regarding maternal and perinatal factors that may influence the normal pct kinetics during the immediate postnatal period. | 2000 | 11017935 |
| prevalence and co-colonization with group b streptococcus (gbs) among heterosexual college couples. | purpose: maternal colonization with gbs is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. while gbs transmission is assumed to be fecal-oral or person-to-person direct contact including possible sexual transmission, risk factors for colonization and carriage are poorly described. basic descriptive epidemiologic information is needed in order to implement a prevention program such as the development of an effective vaccine.methods: as part of a study of heterosexual transmission of urinary trac ... | 2000 | 11018407 |
| functional analysis in type ia group b streptococcus of a cluster of genes involved in extracellular polysaccharide production by diverse species of streptococci. | several species of streptococci produce extracellular polysaccharides in the form of secreted exopolysaccharides or cell-associated capsules. although the biological properties and repeating unit structures of these polysaccharides are diverse, sequence analysis of the genes required for their production has revealed a surprising degree of conservation among five genes found in the capsule gene cluster of each of several polysaccharide-producing streptococci. to determine the function of these c ... | 2001 | 11027683 |
| group b streptococcus induces apoptosis in macrophages. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a pathogen that has developed some strategies to resist host immune defenses. because phagocytic killing is an important pathogenetic mechanism for bacteria, we investigated whether gbs induces apoptosis in murine macrophages. gbs type iii strain coh31 r/s (gbs-iii) first causes a defect in cell membrane permeability, then at 24 h, apoptosis. apoptosis was confirmed by several techniques based on morphological changes and dna fragmentation. cytochalasin d does not ... | 2000 | 11034400 |
| distinct effects of surfactant protein a or d deficiency during bacterial infection on the lung. | mice lacking surfactant protein (sp)-a (sp-a-/-) or sp-d (sp-d-/-) and wild-type mice were infected with group b streptococcus or haemophilus influenzae by intratracheal instillation. although decreased killing of group b streptococcus and h. influenzae was observed in sp-a-/- mice but not in sp-d-/- mice, deficiency of either sp-a or sp-d was associated with increased inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment in the lung after infection. deficient uptake of bacteria by alveolar macrophages ... | 2000 | 11034401 |
| [antibiotics in pregnancy: importance of rational utilization]. | it is now clear that antibiotic treatment in the antenatal period significantly does prolong pregnancy during conservative management of preterm premature rupture of membranes and reduces neonatal infectious diseases as well as neonatal-related morbidities. in the same way, prophylactic intrapartum antibiotherapy reduces the incidence of early-onset group b streptococcus-induced sepsis. nevertheless, on the other hand, antibiotics in the perinatal period are associated with an increase of neonat ... | 2000 | 11051774 |
| how accurate are rapid polymerase chain reaction tests in detecting group b streptococcus colonization in pregnant women? | | 2000 | 11052169 |
| cervical spinal epidural abscess due to group b streptococcus in a previously healthy elderly male. | | 2000 | 11055674 |
| cm101 treatment overrides tumor-induced immunoprivilege leading to apoptosis. | cm101, a bacterial polysaccharide exotoxin produced by group b streptococcus (gbs), also referred to as gbs toxin, has been shown to target pathological neovasculature and activate complement (c3), thereby inducing neovascularitis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, inhibition of tumor growth, and apoptosis in murine tumor models. data from refractory cancer patients in a phase i clinical trial with cm101 indicated a similar mechanism of tumor-targeted inflammation. to further our understanding ... | 2000 | 11059768 |
| hospital-based policies for prevention perinatal group b streptococcal disease--united states, 1999. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia in newborns in the united states (1). because intrapartum prophylactic antibiotics reduce mother-to-child gbs transmission (2), in 1996, cdc, the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, and the american academy of pediatrics recommended that hospitals adopt formal gbs prevention policies (2-4). from 1994 to 1997, the proportion of hospitals with formal intrapartum gbs prevention policies increased ... | 2000 | 11063277 |
| universal antenatal group b streptococcus screening? the opinions of obstetricians and neonatologists within australia. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in australian newborns. although intrapartum chemoprophylaxis is recommended to reduce the risk of neonatal gbs transmission and disease, controversy exists as to the best method to select women 'at risk' for this treatment. our study aimed to survey the opinions of obstetricians and neonatologists currently in practice in australia on gbs screening and treatment. of the 488 obstetricians and 68 neonatologists ... | 2000 | 11065044 |
| identification of streptococci isolated from various sources by determination of cfb gene and other camp-factor genes. | in the present study, the camp-factor (cfb) gene of streptococci of serological group b (streptococcus agalactiae) and the camp-factor (cfu) gene of s. uberis could be amplified by polymerase chain reaction. a cfb specific amplicon could be observed for all 128 phenotypically camp-positive s. agalactiae, for the phenotypically camp-negative s. agalactiae strain 74-360, and for 2 s. difficile reference strains. a cfu specific amplicon could be observed for all 7 phenotypically camp-positive s. ub ... | 2000 | 11068682 |
| group b streptococcal meningitis complicating elective abortion: report of 2 cases. | the incidence of invasive disease due to streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) in adults is on the rise; however, meningitis in adults due to gbs remains rare. we report 2 cases of gbs meningitis complicating elective abortion, 1 of which was a septic incomplete abortion. only 1 case of bacterial meningitis complicating elective abortion has been reported previously. | 2000 | 11073784 |
| necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome caused by group b streptococcus. | a recent increase in reports of necrotizing fasciitis resulting from group b streptococcus has alerted physicians to a possible concomitant increase of toxic shock-like syndrome. we report the second case of group b streptococcus causing necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome. a black woman, aged 52 years, with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus had necrotizing fasciitis type ii of the left groin. hypotension, elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes, and adult respiratory distress syndr ... | 2000 | 11095561 |
| streptococcal iga-binding proteins bind in the calpha 2-calpha 3 interdomain region and inhibit binding of iga to human cd89. | certain pathogenic bacteria express surface proteins that bind to the fc part of human iga or igg. these bacterial proteins are important as immunochemical tools and model systems, but their biological function is still unclear. here, we describe studies of three streptococcal proteins that bind iga: the sir22 and arp4 proteins of streptococcus pyogenes and the unrelated beta protein of group b streptococcus. analysis of iga domain swap and point mutants indicated that two loops at the calpha2/c ... | 2001 | 11096107 |
| spinal epidural abscesses in children: a 15-year experience and review of the literature. | we reviewed medical records and laboratory and diagnostic evaluations for 8 pediatric patients with spinal epidural abscesses who were treated during the last 15 years at our institution. staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 5 of 8 epidural abscesses, including 2 abscesses with methicillin-resistant s. aureus. unusual isolates were group b streptococcus in a patient with chronic vesicouretral reflux associated with the posterior urethral valves and aspergillus flavus in a patient with acute m ... | 2001 | 11112668 |
| early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal infection: implications for practice. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading bacterial infection associated with morbidity and mortality of newborns in the united states. most neonatal infections can be prevented through the use of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis in women who are at increased risk for transmitting infection to their newborns. however, prevention strategies have not been implemented widely or consistently, and the incidence of neonatal gbs disease has not declined. an understanding of gbs epidemiology, clin ... | 2000 | 11112918 |
| hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver. | cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides are abundant in animal and plant tissues involved in host defense. in insects, most are synthesized in the fat body, an organ analogous to the liver of vertebrates. from human urine, we characterized a cysteine-rich peptide with three forms differing by amino-terminal truncation, and we named it hepcidin (hepc) because of its origin in the liver and its antimicrobial properties. two predominant forms, hepc20 and hepc25, contained 20 and 25 amino acid residues ... | 2001 | 11113131 |
| preparation and preclinical evaluation of experimental group b streptococcus type iii polysaccharide-cholera toxin b subunit conjugate vaccine for intranasal immunization. | streptococcus group b (gbs) is usually carried asymptomatically in the vaginal tract of women and can be transferred to the newborn during parturition. serum antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide (cps) can prevent invasive diseases, whereas immunity acting at the mucosal surface may be more important to inhibit the mucosal colonization of gbs and thus the risk of infection for the newborn. we prepared different gbs type iii cps-protein conjugate vaccines and evaluated their systemic and muco ... | 2000 | 11115709 |
| group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide-cholera toxin b subunit conjugate vaccines prepared by different methods for intranasal immunization. | group b streptococcus (gbs) type iii capsular polysaccharide (cps iii) was conjugated to recombinant cholera toxin b subunit (rctb) using three different methods which employed (i) cystamine and n-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (spdp), (ii) carbodiimide with adipic acid dihydrazide (adh) as a spacer, or (iii) reductive amination (ra). the cps iii-rctb conjugates were divided into large- and small-molecular-weight (m(r)) fractions, and the immunogenicities of the different preparation ... | 2001 | 11119518 |
| [factors associated with streptococcus group b colonization in pregnant women in los altos, chiapas]. | to estimate the prevalence and analyze the factors associated with group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization in pregnant women of los altos, chiapas, mexico. | 2000 | 11125626 |
| neonatal group b streptococcal infection. results of 33 months of universal maternal screening and antibioprophylaxis. | to assess the efficacy and pitfalls of a protocol of generalized screening for group b streptococcus (gbs) and intra-partum treatment of all carriers in a clinical setting. | 2001 | 11134830 |
| genetic basis for the beta-haemolytic/cytolytic activity of group b streptococcus. | group b streptococci (gbs) express a beta-haemolysin/cytolysin that contributes to disease pathogenesis. we report an independent discovery and extension of a genetic locus encoding the gbs beta-haemolysin/cytolysin activity. a plasmid library of gbs chromosomal dna was cloned into escherichia coli, and a transformant was identified as beta-haemolytic on blood agar. the purified plasmid contained a 4046 bp insert of gbs dna encoding two complete open reading frames (orfs). a partial upstream orf ... | 2001 | 11136446 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns of group b streptococcus in antenatal genital cultures. | to identify the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of group b streptococcus (gbs) isolated from antenatal genital screening cultures. | 2000 | 11153257 |
| identification and molecular analysis of pcsb, a protein required for cell wall separation of group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates. n-terminal sequencing of major proteins in the culture supernatant of a clinical isolate of gbs identified a protein of about 50 kda which could be detected in all of 27 clinical isolates tested. the corresponding gene, designated pcsb, was isolated from a gbs cosmid library and subsequently sequenced. the deduced pcsb polypeptide consists of 447 amino acid residues (m(r), 46,754), carries a potentia ... | 2001 | 11157929 |
| superoxide dismutase and catalase do not affect the pulmonary hypertensive response to group b streptococcus in the lamb. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with conjugated antioxidant enzymes could attenuate or abolish pulmonary hypertension induced by group b streptococcus (gbs). lambs, 3-7 d old, were anesthetized and ventilated. intravascular catheters were placed in the left ventricle, descending aorta, right atrium, and pulmonary artery for continuous monitoring of intravascular pressures. cardiac output was measured with radiolabeled microspheres. measurements were obtained at basel ... | 2001 | 11158511 |
| [vertically transmitted bacteremias: to treat or not to treat?]. | to analyze the incidence, etiology and management of infants born in 1977 with vertically transmitted bacteremia or suspected early neonatal sepsis. | 2001 | 11181212 |
| prevention of group b streptococcus early-onset neonatal sepsis: comparison of the center for disease control and prevention screening-based protocol to a risk-based protocol in infants at greater than 37 weeks' gestation. | to compare the center for disease control consensus guidelines' screening-based strategy to a risk-based strategy as regards the incidence of early-onset group b streptococcus (gbs) infection among term infants. | 2000 | 11190588 |
| haemophilus influenzae type b still remains a leading cause of meningitis among unvaccinated children--a prospective csf analysis study. | a prospective, hospital-based cerebrospinal fluid (csf) analysis study was undertaken in 65 children who had diagnostic lumbar puncture on admission for suspected central nervous system infections. twenty-three children were clinically diagnosed to have had sepsis and/or meningitis. csf bacterial culture grew haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) in four cases and streptococcus pneumonia (sp) was cultured in another child. bacterial antigen was detected in 13 other csf specimens and the pathogens ... | 2000 | 11191142 |
| guidelines for group b streptococcus. | | 2001 | 11199859 |
| prevalence, capsular type distribution, anthropometric and obstetric factors of group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) colonization in pregnancy. | to establish the prevalence, serotype distribution, anthropometry and obstetric factors of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization in pregnant women. | 2000 | 11210331 |
| evaluation of neonatal sepsis screening in a tropical area. part i: major risk factors for bacterial carriage at birth in guadeloupe. | this prospective study reports on screening for neonatal sepsis among 3,372 live births out of 6,060 consecutive deliveries at the university hospital of pointe-à-pitre, guadeloupe, during a 30-month period. group b streptococcus (gbs) was the most common pathogen, representing 46% (89/194) of positive blood cultures and 52% (335/637) of positive gastric aspirates. although only 3,372 (55%) of all live births were screened, 637 (10%) had gastric bacterial carriage at birth; of those, 335 (5.5%) ... | 2000 | 11211542 |
| development of coagglutination reagents for serological grouping of streptococci. | coagglutination reagents for the rapid serological grouping of groups a, b, c, f and g streptococcus have been developed. antisera to groups a, b, c, f and g streptococcus were raised in rabbits. after absorption with cross-reacting antigens, the specific antibodies were coated on staphylococcus protein-a and used as group-specific coagglutination reagents. the sensitivity of the reagents for groups a, c and g streptococcus was 100 per cent and the specificity was 100, 100, and 98.77 per cent, r ... | 2000 | 11215861 |
| population-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis in the dominican republic: implications for control by vaccination. | quantifying the local burden of disease is an important step towards the introduction of new vaccines, such as haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine. we adapted a generic protocol developed by the world health organization for population-based surveillance of bacterial meningitis. all hospitals that admit paediatric patients with meningitis in the national district, dominican republic were included in the system and standard laboratory methods were used. the system identified 111 ... | 2000 | 11218205 |
| intrauterine infection and spontaneous midgestation abortion: is the spectrum of microorganisms similar to that in preterm labor? | to determine whether microorganisms associated with intrauterine infection and preterm labor play a contributing role in midgestation abortion. | 2000 | 11220481 |
| dichloroacetate treatment for severe refractory metabolic acidosis during neonatal sepsis. | we describe a preterm neonate with documented group b streptococcus sepsis and associated metabolic acidosis whose lactic acidemia was refractory to conventional sodium bicarbonate therapy but responded well to dichloroacetate treatment. | 2001 | 11224847 |
| replacement of the mitral valve in an infant with group b streptococcal endocarditis. | endocarditis due to group b streptococcus is very rare in infants, and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. review of the literature reveals only a single reported case of an infant with this type of streptococcal endocarditis involving the mitral valve. this infant had underlying congenital heart disease, and died shortly after catheterization. we now report group b streptococcal endocarditis occurring in an infant with a structurally normal heart who was treated successf ... | 2001 | 11233405 |
| fetal and neonatal death from maternally acquired infection. | infection is a potentially preventable cause of perinatal mortality but there is only limited epidemiological information on which to develop prophylactic guidelines. the aim of this study was to determine the population incidence of perinatal death from maternally acquired infection and to describe the responsible organisms and antibiotic sensitivities, and also the associated risk factors. fetal and neonatal deaths from perinatal infection in the former northern health region, united kingdom, ... | 2001 | 11237116 |
| invasive group b streptococcal disease in maryland nursing home residents. | between 1991 and 1995, among 999 nonpregnant adult maryland residents with group b streptococcus (gbs) isolated from a normally sterile site, 84 resided in nursing homes (nhs). the age-adjusted annual incidence of gbs infection (per 100,000 population) among those > or = 65 years old was 72.3 for nh residents and 17.5 for community residents (relative risk, 4.1; p < 0.001). thirty-four case patients resided in 11 nhs with > or = 2 cases; 1 nh had 8 case patients within 22 months. six of 8 case p ... | 2001 | 11237844 |
| arthroscopic surgery for septic arthritis of the hip joint in 4 adults. | purpose: arthroscopic surgery for septic coxarthritis has not become a well-established technique despite its minimally invasive nature. the authors performed arthroscopic surgery and intraoperative high-volume irrigation on 4 adult patients with septic coxarthritis. this minimally invasive procedure was successful in treating these patients, and there was no recurrence of arthritis or other complications. the purpose of this article is to introduce this 3-directional-approach method of arthrosc ... | 2001 | 11239351 |
| experimental study on distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial patterns of group b streptococcus strains. | to obtain information on the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial agent susceptibilities to group b streptococcus (gbs) strains isolated in beijing area from 1991 to 1996. | 1998 | 11245048 |
| active bacterial core surveillance of the emerging infections program network. | active bacterial core surveillance (abcs) is a collaboration between the centers for disease control and prevention and several state health departments and universities participating in the emerging infections program network. abcs conducts population-based active surveillance, collects isolates, and performs studies of invasive disease caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, group a and group b streptococcus, neisseria meningitidis, and haemophilus influenzae for a population of 17 to 30 million. ... | 2001 | 11266299 |
| early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal sepsis: intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in the clinical setting. | to evaluate how guidelines for the use of intrapartum antibiotics for the prevention of early-onset group b streptococcal infection are utilized in a clinical setting. | 2001 | 11268874 |
| isolated pulmonic valve endocarditis caused by group b streprococcus (streptococcus agalactiae)--a case report and literature review. | the pulmonic valve is the least commonly involved valve in infective endocarditis. pulmonic valve endocarditis is usually associated with tricuspid valve endocarditis, and isolated pulmonic valve endocarditis is exceedingly rare. the predisposing factors for developing pulmonic valve endocarditis include a congenitally anomalous pulmonic valve, intravenous drug abuse, and the presence of indwelling intravenous or flow-directed pulmonary artery catheters. more cases of group b streptococcus endoc ... | 2001 | 11269786 |
| binding of influenza type a viruses to group b streptococcus and haemagglutination by virus-bound bacteria. | we studied the bindings of human influenza a type viruses to group b streptococcus (gbs), types ia, ii, iii and iv, of sialic acid (sa)alpha2-3 linkage, using a/pr/8/34(h1n1) and a/memphis/1/71(h3n2). the viruses were found to bind to all types of gbs, with the exception of pr/8/34 for gbsii, and to elute from gbsia, iii and iv at 37 degrees c, except gbsii. electron microscopy confirmed these behaviours of the influenza viruses. the virus-binding capability of gbs types seemed to depend on the ... | 2000 | 11270858 |
| mutually exclusive distribution of is1548 and gbsi1, an active group ii intron identified in human isolates of group b streptococci. | the present study shows that active, self-splicing group ii intron gbsi1 is located downstream of the c5a-peptidase gene, scpb, in some group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates that lack insertion sequence is1548. is1548 was previously reported to be often present at the scpb locus in gbs isolated in association with endocarditis. since none of 67 gbs isolates examined, 40 of which were of serotype iii, harbored both is1548 and gbsi1, these two elements are suggested to be markers for different gene ... | 2001 | 11274116 |
| modified granada agar medium for the detection of group b streptococcus carriage in pregnant women. | to improve the detection rate of group b streptococci (gbs) in pregnant women, aiming at the prevention of early-onset septicemia in the newborn. | 2001 | 11284939 |
| different cytokine expression in cord blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with neonatal sepsis or colonizing strains of streptococcus agalactiae. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) is the major pathogen of neonatal sepsis. in some newborns, gbs sepsis may have a severe course, including septic shock with a high mortality rate, whereas other newborns are colonized with gbs on their surfaces without any clinical signs of bacterial infection. the reason for this discrepancy is far from clear. we sought, in this study, to compare cytokine expression in cord blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with gbs strains isolated ... | 2001 | 11328954 |
| confirmed group b streptococcus infection: the tip of the iceberg. | | 2001 | 11330249 |
| implementation of guidelines for preventing early onset group b streptococcal infection. | early onset group b streptococcus (eogbs) disease, defined by an onset within the first 72 hours of life, occurs in 1.3 to 3.7 per 1,000 live births. the authors sought to determine the impact of the new cdc/aap/acog guidelines on the prepartum screening practice, intrapartum management, incidence of eogbs infection, and evaluation of neonates born to gbs colonized women at university macdonald women's hospital (cleveland, oh). a retrospective analysis by chart review was conducted from january ... | 2001 | 11339663 |
| effect of pre-existing immunity for systemic and mucosal immune responses to intranasal immunization with group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide-cholera toxin b subunit conjugate. | the effects of priming with a group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide (gbs cps iii)-recombinant cholera toxin b subunit (rctb) conjugate, purified gbs cps iii or rctb alone on the systemic and mucosal immune responses to cps iii after intranasal (i.n.) immunization were investigated in mice. priming with purified gbs cps iii followed by boosting with gbs cps iii-rctb conjugate or priming with the conjugate followed by boosting with free cps induced comparable levels of specific ig ... | 2001 | 11348699 |
| streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis and giant pyomyoma simulating ovarian cancer. | group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) is a common etiology of bacteremia among adults. pyomyoma is a rare infectious complication of uterine leiomyomas. we report the case of a diabetic postmenopausal woman with a giant pyomyoma simulating an ovarian cancer. it was associated with s. agalactiae endocarditis and deep venous thrombosis of the right external iliac and femoral veins. treated initially with intravenous penicillin, amikacin, and anticoagulation, the patient later had abdomi ... | 2001 | 11372803 |
| construction of multivalent sialyl le(x) from the type ia group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide. | the type ia group b streptococcus (gbsia) capsular polysaccharide was specifically degraded by partial smith oxidation of 2,3-diol of the glc in the backbone to fragments representing asialo core repeating units. sialylation of these oligomers furnished gbsia multiple repeating units. one, two and three repeating units of gbsia were obtained pure, and the higher oligomers were obtained as mixtures. after enzymatic fucosylation oligosaccharides carrying bivalent, trivalent and other multivalent s ... | 2001 | 11376605 |
| intrauterine infection may be a major cause of stillbirth in sweden. | to investigate intrauterine infection as a cause for unexplained stillbirth. | 2001 | 11380286 |
| [neonatal mortality in the czech republic 1998-1999]. | to evaluate neonatal mortality rate (nmr) in 1998 and 1999 years in the czech republic. | 2000 | 11394232 |
| evaluation of neonatal sepsis screening in a tropical area. part ii: evaluation of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis protocol. | the authors report on an analysis of a chemoprophylaxis protocol at the university hospital of guadeloupe in the caribbean. this study comprised 6,060 consecutive deliveries and was initiated to assess the application of an intrapartum chemoprophylaxis protocol, evaluate its results, and try to identify possible necessary modifications to the existing protocol. although more than 90% of women had at least one bacterial screening (vaginal or urinary) during the last trimester of pregnancy, approx ... | 2001 | 11398285 |
| [prophylaxis of group b beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections]. | group b streptococcus is a possible cause of chorioamnionitis, endometritis and urinary tract infections in pregnant woman. maternal risk factors and the vertical transmission of gbs and neonatal gbs infection occur through the following fever during labor, the rupturing of membranes more than 18 hours before delivery, prematurity and chorioamnionitis. gbs can induce early-onset neonatal disease (sepsis, meningitis or pneumonia) during the first week of life and late-onset neonatal infection (le ... | 2000 | 11424803 |
| [lavage of the birth canal with chlorhexidine: a new valid method for the prevention of perinatal infections]. | perinatal morbidity and mortality are due to various infective agents, mainly represented by beta-hemolytic group b streptococcus. the perinatal disease related to this infection is distinguished in early-onset, characterised by pneumonia and sepsis, and late-onset which leads to sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia. various strategies were therefore proposed to prevent transmission including immunisation and chemoprophylaxis. all these methods however present adverse effects and are most of all exp ... | 2000 | 11424808 |
| bacterial meningitis in saudi arabia: the impact of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination. | bacterial meningitis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. a retrospective chart review of all cases of culture-proven bacterial meningitis in children was conducted in a tertiary care facility in the king fahad national guard hospital (kfngh), riyadh. sixty-seven patients with culture-proven meningitis were reviewed. bacterial meningitis is more common in children under 2 years of age (85%). haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) was the most common organism causing me ... | 2001 | 11434527 |
| antibodies to capsular polysaccharides of group b streptococcus in pregnant canadian women: relationship to colonization status and infection in the neonate. | in a cohort study of 1207 pregnant women in alberta, canada, the serotype distributions of vaginal-rectal group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates were compared with all isolates from neonates with invasive gbs disease identified by population-based surveillance. serum concentrations of ia, ib, ii, iii, and v capsular polysaccharide (cps)-specific igg also were determined, according to serotype of the vaginal-rectal colonizing gbs strain. gbs colonization was detected in 19.5% (235 of 1207) of women ... | 2001 | 11443553 |
| evaluation of a rapid optical immunoassay-based test for group b streptococcus colonization in intrapartum patients. | to compare an optical immunoassay (oia) rapid diagnostic kit to standard culture for the diagnosis of vaginal colonization with group b streptococcus (gbs) and to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the oia results. | 2001 | 11444791 |
| tandem repeat deletion in the alpha c protein of group b streptococcus is reca independent. | group b streptococci (gbs) contain a family of protective surface proteins characterized by variable numbers of repeating units within the proteins. the prototype alpha c protein of gbs from the type ia/c strain a909 contains a series of nine identical 246-bp tandem repeat units. we have previously shown that deletions in the tandem repeat region of the alpha c protein affect both the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the protein in animal models, and these deletions may serve as a virul ... | 2001 | 11447184 |
| localization of surface immunogenic protein on group b streptococcus. | the localization and accessibility of the group b streptococcus (gbs) surface immunogenic protein (sip) at the surface of intact gbs cells were studied by flow cytometric assay and immunogold electron microscopy. antibodies present in pooled sera collected from mice after immunization with purified recombinant sip efficiently recognized native sip at the surfaces of the different gbs strains tested, which included representatives of all nine serotypes. examination of gbs cells by immunogold elec ... | 2001 | 11447199 |
| serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of group b streptococcus over an eight-year period in southern taiwan. | the increase in penicillin resistance among pneumococci and viridans streptococci and the development of serotype-specific conjugate vaccine have increased the need for knowledge of the antimicrobial susceptibility and the capsular serotypes of group b streptococci. over an 8-year period, 351 group b streptococcal isolates from southern taiwan were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype determination. eighty-seven percent of the isolates were typeable. types iii (28.5%) and v (27.1 ... | 2001 | 11453594 |
| impairment of type iii group b streptococcus-stimulated superoxide production and opsonophagocytosis by neutrophils in diabetes. | the effect of hyperglycemia upon susceptibility to bacterial infection in diabetes mellitus is incompletely elucidated. the present experiments assessed the effect of hyperglycemia upon neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs). type iii gbs was chosen for study because the incidence of invasive gbs disease is substantially increased in type 2 diabetic compared with nondiabetic subjects. the hypothesis tested was that severe hyperglycemia would alter neutrophil met ... | 2001 | 11461193 |
| rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method for group b streptococcus isolates. | we developed a rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) method that required 3 days to complete, an improvement over the standard method that required as many as 8 days. the accuracy and reproducibility of the rapid method were verified by analysis of dna band sizes of our control group b streptococcus isolate. the rapid method was superior to the standard method, providing more precise molecular sizing and gels of higher image quality. the reproducibility of rapid pfge substantiated its va ... | 2001 | 11474035 |
| effective bactericidal activity of tobramycin and vancomycin eluted from acrylic bone cement. | we studied the bioactivity of vancomycin and tobramycin eluted from methylmethacrylate bone cement. aliquots of the drainage were obtained at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours following total hip prosthetic implantation with vancomycin-tobramycin-loaded cement in 3 patients. the samples were analyzed with fluorescence polarization immunoassay and bioassay, using group b streptococcus for vancomycin and escherichia coli for tobramycin. these bacteria were selected due to the effectiveness of vancomycin and p ... | 2001 | 11480597 |