| structural characterization of the acetobacter xylinum endo-beta-1,4-glucanase cmcax required for cellulose biosynthesis. | previous studies have demonstrated that endoglucanase is required for cellulose biosynthesis both in bacteria and plants. however, it has yet to be elucidated how the endoglucanases function in the mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis. here we describe the crystal structure of the cellulose biosynthesis-related endo-beta-1,47-glucanase (cmcax; ec 3.2.1.4) from the cellulose-producing gramnegative bacterium, acetobacter xylinum (= gluconacetobacter xylinus), determined at 1.65-a resolution. cmcax ... | 2006 | 16804941 |
| biochemical and structural studies of n5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase from the acidophilic bacterium acetobacter aceti. | n5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (n5-cair) mutase (pure) catalyzes the reversible interconversion of acid-labile compounds n5-cair and 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (cair). we have examined pure from the acidophilic bacterium acetobacter aceti (aapure), focusing on its adaptation to acid ph and the roles of conserved residues his59 and his89. both aapure and escherichia coli pure showed quasi-reversible acid-mediated inactivation, but wt aapure was much more stable at ph 3.5, ... | 2006 | 16819818 |
| physiological properties of some yeast strains. | twenty yeast strains have recently been isolated in pure cultures from natural and industrial sources and identified based mainly on physiological properties. the majority of the strains (15) are alcohologenic belonging to the genus saccharomyces and comprise two brewer's (beer) yeast strains (s. carlsbergensis= s. uvarum a and b), two baker's yeast strains (s. cerevisiae ca and cp), one spirit yeast strain (s. cerevisiae cf) and ten wine yeast strains (s. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus = s. ellip ... | 2006 | 16841476 |
| alanine racemase from the acidophile acetobacter aceti. | acetobacter aceti converts ethanol to acetic acid, and survives acetic acid exposure by tolerating cytoplasmic acidification. alanine racemase (alr) is a pyridoxal 5' phosphate (plp) -dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the d- and l-isomers of alanine and has a basic ph optimum. since d-alanine is essential for peptidoglycan biosynthesis, alr must somehow function in the acidic cytoplasm of a. aceti. we report the partial purification of native a. aceti alr (aaalr) and evidenc ... | 2007 | 16843006 |
| novel nitrogen-fixing acetobacter nitrogenifigens sp. nov., isolated from kombucha tea. | the four nitrogen-fixing bacteria so far described in the family acetobacteraceae belong to the genera gluconacetobacter and acetobacter. nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain rg1(t) was isolated from kombucha tea and, based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequence which is supported by a high bootstrap value, was found to belong to the genus acetobacter. strain rg1(t) differed from acetobacter aceti, the nearest member with a 16s rrna gene sequence similarity of 98.2 %, and type strain ... | 2006 | 16902028 |
| reclassification of gluconacetobacter hansenii strains and proposals of gluconacetobacter saccharivorans sp. nov. and gluconacetobacter nataicola sp. nov. | ten strains previously assigned to acetobacter hansenii (=gluconacetobacter hansenii), acetobacter pasteurianus lmg 1584 and eight reference strains of the genus gluconacetobacter were reclassified by 16s rrna gene sequencing, dna-dna similarity, dna base composition and phenotypic characteristics. the a. hansenii strains and a. pasteurianus lmg 1584 were included in the cluster of acetic acid bacteria (family acetobacteraceae) by 16s rrna gene sequences. further, they were separated into seven ... | 2006 | 16957106 |
| acidic extracellular proteases from microrganisms of fairly acidic niche. | the protein population secreted from three wine-contaminant microorganisms was studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis and screened for proteases. proteolytic enzymes were electrophoretically purified and their activity, optimum ph and temperature determined. the protease of acetobacter aceti maintained its activity over the range of phs 3.0-5.0, thus being of potential biotechnological interest. | 2006 | 17018019 |
| conversion of capsular polysaccharide, involved in pellicle formation, to extracellular polysaccharide by gale deletion in acetobacter tropicalis. | acetobacter tropicalis sku1100 produces a pellicle-forming capsular polysaccharide (cps), consisting of galactose, glucose, and rhamnose. we cloned the gale gene, a udp-galactose synthesis gene, from a. tropicalis sku1100 by pcr. a gale-disruptant was prepared and found not to produce cps and thus not to form a pellicle under the static condition. instead, the deltagale mutant secreted an extracellular polysaccharide (eps), which was purified and found to have a unique character, different from ... | 2006 | 17031049 |
| manufacture of a beverage from cheese whey using a "tea fungus" fermentation. | kombucha is a sour beverage reported to have potential health effects prepared from the fermentation of black tea and sugar with a "tea fungus", a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. although black tea is the preferred substrate for kombucha fermentation, other beverages have also been tested as substrates with fair results. cheese whey is a by-product with a good amount of fermentable lactose that has been used before in the production of beverages, so the objective of this st ... | 2003 | 17061515 |
| gluconobacter in biosensors: applications of whole cells and enzymes isolated from gluconobacter and acetobacter to biosensor construction. | bacteria belonging to the genus acetobacter and gluconobacter, and enzymes isolated from them, have been extensively used for biosensor construction in the last decade. bacteria used as a biocatalyst are easy to prepare and use in amperometric biosensors. they contain multiple enzyme activities otherwise not available commercially. the range of compounds analyzable by gluconobacter biosensors includes: mono- and poly-alcohols, multiple aldoses and ketoses, several disaccharides, triacylglycerols ... | 2006 | 17072528 |
| structure of a nadh-insensitive hexameric citrate synthase that resists acid inactivation. | acetobacter aceti converts ethanol to acetic acid, and strains highly resistant to both are used to make vinegar. a. aceti survives acetic acid exposure by tolerating cytoplasmic acidification, which implies an unusual adaptation of cytoplasmic components to acidic conditions. a. aceti citrate synthase (aacs), a hexameric type ii citrate synthase, is required for acetic acid resistance and, therefore, would be expected to function at low ph. recombinant aacs has intrinsic acid stability that may ... | 2006 | 17087502 |
| surface functional group dependent apatite formation on bacterial cellulose microfibrils network in a simulated body fluid. | the apatite forming ability of biopolymer bacterial cellulose (bc) has been investigated by soaking different bc specimens in a simulated body fluid (1.5 sbf) under physiological conditions, at 37 degrees c and ph 7.4, mimicking the natural process of apatite formation. from atr-ftir spectra and icp-aes analysis, the crystalline phase nucleated on the bc microfibrils surface was calcium deficient carbonated apatite through initial formation of octacalcium phosphate (ocp) or ocp like calcium phos ... | 2007 | 17111406 |
| enhancement of cellulose pellicle production by constitutively expressing vitreoscilla hemoglobin in acetobacter xylinum. | vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) gene driven by the constitutive bla promoter was expressed in the cellulose-producing acetobacter xylinum. the expressed vhb was biochemically active and could enhance cell growth in a shaken culture containing cellulase. vhb-expressing a. xylinum (vhb+) exhibited a specific growth rate 50% higher than that of the host strain (vhb-). probably because of its faster growth rate, the size of tentacled cellulose beads produced by vhb+ was about 20% of that produced by v ... | 2006 | 17137307 |
| the microbiology of ghanaian cocoa fermentations analysed using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. | export of cocoa beans is of great economic importance in ghana and several other tropical countries. raw cocoa has an astringent unpleasant taste and a spontaneous fermentation is the first step in a process leading to cocoa beans with the characteristic cocoa flavour and taste. the microbiology of ghanaian cocoa fermentations was investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. samples were collected at 12 hour intervals during 96-144 hour tray and traditional heap fermenta ... | 2007 | 17161485 |
| study on the microflora and biochemistry of cocoa fermentation in the dominican republic. | cocoa fermentation was monitored at the idiaf (instituto dominicano de investigaciones agropecuarias y forestales) "mata larga" experimental station, in san francisco de macoris, dominican republic. the maximum average fermentation temperature reached 51 degrees c after 48 h and the ph reached 4.5 after 144 h of fermentation. a significant decrease in glucose, fructose and citric acid was seen in the pulp over the first 48 h. there was a delay of 24 h between maximum microbial growth and maximum ... | 2007 | 17187887 |
| atomic-resolution crystal structure of thioredoxin from the acidophilic bacterium acetobacter aceti. | the crystal structure of thioredoxin (aatrx) from the acetic acid bacterium acetobacter aceti was determined at 1 a resolution. this is currently the highest resolution crystal structure available for any thioredoxin. thioredoxins facilitate thiol-disulfide exchange, a process that is expected to be slow at the low ph values encountered in the a. aceti cytoplasm. despite the apparent need to function at low ph, neither the active site nor the surface charge distribution of aatrx is notably diffe ... | 2007 | 17192591 |
| identification and characterization of lipopolysaccharide in acetic acid bacteria. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), a major component of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, was one of the main components of coley's vaccine and is known to have strong adjuvanticity. though it is known that lps exists in the digestive tract of organisms, the biological significance for the organism has not been clarified. in this study, the correlation between the structure and function of lps was determined using acetic acid bacteria. these are gram-negative bacteria consumed in human diets. | 2006 | 17195448 |
| influence of cultivation conditions on mechanical and morphological properties of bacterial cellulose tubes. | bacterial cellulose (bc) was deposited in tubular form by fermenting acetobacter xylinum on top of silicone tubes as an oxygenated support and by blowing different concentrations of oxygen, that is, 21% (air), 35%, 50%, and 100%. mechanical properties such as burst pressure and tensile properties were evaluated for all tubes. the burst pressure of the tubes increased with an increase in oxygen ratio and reached a top value of 880 mmhg at 100% oxygen. the young's modulus was approximately 5 mpa f ... | 2007 | 17195972 |
| the future prospects of microbial cellulose in biomedical applications. | microbial cellulose has proven to be a remarkably versatile biomaterial and can be used in wide variety of applied scientific endeavors, such as paper products, electronics, acoustics, and biomedical devices. in fact, biomedical devices recently have gained a significant amount of attention because of an increased interest in tissue-engineered products for both wound care and the regeneration of damaged or diseased organs. due to its unique nanostructure and properties, microbial cellulose is a ... | 2007 | 17206781 |
| dynamics and biodiversity of populations of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria involved in spontaneous heap fermentation of cocoa beans in ghana. | the ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation process was studied through a multiphasic approach, encompassing both microbiological and metabolite target analyses. a culture-dependent (plating and incubation, followed by repetitive-sequence-based pcr analyses of picked-up colonies) and culture-independent (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [dgge] of 16s rrna gene amplicons, pcr-dgge) approach revealed a limited biodiversity and targeted population dynamics of both lactic acid bacteria (lab) an ... | 2007 | 17277227 |
| application of molecular methods for analysing the distribution and diversity of acetic acid bacteria in chilean vineyards. | the presence of acetic acid bacteria populations on grape surfaces from several chilean valleys is reported. the bacteria were analysed at both the species and the strain level by molecular methods such as rflp-pcr 16s rrna gene, rflp-pcr its 16s-23s rrna gene regions and arbitrary primed (ap) pcr. our results show that there are limited numbers of species of acetic acid bacteria in the grapes and that there is a need for an enrichment medium before plating to recover the individual colonies. in ... | 2007 | 17289199 |
| identification of cellulolytic bacteria in soil by stable isotope probing. | plant residues, mainly made up of cellulose, are the largest fraction of organic carbon material in terrestrial ecosystems. soil microorganisms are mainly responsible for the transfer of this carbon to the atmosphere, but their contribution is not accurately known. the aim of the present study was to identify bacterial populations that are actively involved in cellulose degradation, using the dna-stable isotope probing (dna-sip) technique. (13)c-cellulose was produced by acetobacter xylinus and ... | 2007 | 17298363 |
| effect of addition of sodium alginate on bacterial cellulose production by acetobacter xylinum. | bacterial cellulose (bc) production by acetobacter xylinum nust4.1 was carried out in the shake flask and in a stirred-tank reactor by means of adding sodium alginate (naalg) into the medium. when 0.04% (w/v) naalg was added in the shake flask, bc production reached 6.0 g/l and the terminal yield of the cellulose was 27% of the total sugar initially added, compared with 3.7 g/l and 24% in the control, respectively. the variation between replicates in all determinations was less than 5%. during t ... | 2007 | 17440758 |
| structural characterisation of unsaturated bacterial hopanoids by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. | the production of bacteriohopanepolyols (bhps) is widespread in many different groups of prokaryotes; however, unsaturated components are less common except amongst the acetic acid bacteria. here we describe the characterisation of mono- (delta(6) or delta(11)) and diunsaturated (delta(6,11)) bacteriohopanetetrols isolated from the acetic acid bacterium gluconacetobacter xylinus (formerly acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum) by atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry (apci ... | 2007 | 17443490 |
| microbial asymmetric oxidation of 2-butyl-1,3-propanediol. | microbial asymmetric oxidation of 2-butyl-1,3-propanediol was investigated for an efficient synthesis of s- and r-enantiomers of 2-hydroxymethylhexanoic acid (2-hmha). from an intensive survey of the stocked bacterial strains, acetobacter pasteurianus iam 12073 and pseudomonas putida ifo 3738 were found to show the highest s- and r-2-hmha-producing activity, respectively. under optimized conditions, a. pasteurianus (351 mg dry cell weight) and p. putida (642 mg dry cell weight) cells produced 12 ... | 2007 | 17453192 |
| acetobacter senegalensis sp. nov., a thermotolerant acetic acid bacterium isolated in senegal (sub-saharan africa) from mango fruit (mangifera indica l.). | a thermotolerant acetic acid bacterium, designated strain cwbi-b418(t), isolated in senegal from mango fruit (mangifera indica), was characterized in detail by means of genotypic and phenotypic methods. the novel strain was strictly aerobic and exhibited optimal growth on ygm medium at 35 degrees c. cells were gram-negative, motile and coccoid. the strain was assigned to the genus acetobacter on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. dna-dna hybridization experiments with its phylogenetic ... | 2007 | 17625197 |
| acetobacter ghanensis sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from traditional heap fermentations of ghanaian cocoa beans. | twenty-three acetic acid bacteria, isolated from traditional heap fermentations of ghanaian cocoa beans, were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. the isolates were catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, gram-negative rods. they oxidized ethanol to acetic acid and were unable to produce 2-ketogluconic acid, 5-ketogluconic acid and 2,5-diketogluconic acid from glucose; therefore, they were tentatively identified as acetobacter species. 16s rrna gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confir ... | 2007 | 17625210 |
| multiple active site histidine protonation states in acetobacter aceti n5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase detected by redor nmr. | class i pure (n5-carboxyaminoimidazole mutase) catalyzes a chemically unique mutase reaction. a working mechanistic hypothesis involves a histidine (his45 in escherichia coli pure) functioning as a general acid, but no evidence for multiple protonation states has been obtained. solution nmr is a peerless tool for this task but has had limited application to enzymes, most of which are larger than its effective molecular size limit. solid-state nmr is not subject to this limit. redor nmr studies o ... | 2007 | 17655332 |
| increased internal and external bacterial load during drosophila aging without life-span trade-off. | the role of microbial load during aging of the adult fruit fly drosophila melanogaster is incompletely understood. here we show dramatic increases in aerobic and anaerobic bacterial load during aging, both inside the body and on the surface. scanning electron microscopy and cell staining analyses of the surface of aged flies detected structures resembling abundant small bacteria and bacterial biofilms. bacteria cultured from laboratory flies included aerobic species acetobacter aceti, acetobacte ... | 2007 | 17681150 |
| the growth and chemical action of acetobacter suboxydans upon i-inositol. | | 1938 | 17743405 |
| experimental induction of altered nonmicrofibrillar cellulose. | cellulose produced by acetobacter xylinum was experimentally modified during its biosynthesis. in the presence of fluorescent brightening agents, such as calcofluor white m2r or tinopal lpw, nonmicrofibrillar sheets of cellulose were synthesized by the bacteria. these sheets could then be converted to fibrils by washing with distilled water. possible mechanisms for these modifications of cellulose assembly are disscussed. | 1982 | 17752874 |
| bioengineering bacterial cellulose/poly(ethylene oxide) nanocomposites. | by adding poly(ethylene oxide) (peo) to the growth medium of acetobacter xylinum, finely dispersed bacterial cellulose (bc)/peo nanocomposites were produced in a wide range of compositions and morphologies. as the bc/peo w/w ratio increased from 15:85 to 59:41, the cellulose nanofibers aggregated in larger bundles, indicating that peo mixed with the cellulose on the nanometer scale [corrected]. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested intermolecular hydrogen bonding and also preferred c ... | 2007 | 17764151 |
| synthesis of fibrils in vitro by a solubilized cellulose synthase from acetobacter xylinum. | a digitonin-solubilized cellulose synthase was prepared from acetobacter xylinum. when this enzyme was incubated under conditions known to lead to active synthesis of 1,4-beta-d-glucan polymer (cellulose), electron microscopy revealed that clusters of fibrils were assembled within minutes. individual fibrils are 17 +/- 2 angstroms in diameter. evidence that the fibrils were freshly synthesized and cellulosic in nature was their incorporation of the tritium from udp-[(3)h]glucose (udp, uridine 5' ... | 1985 | 17791798 |
| expressing vitreoscilla hemoglobin in statically cultured acetobacter xylinum with reduced o(2) tension maximizes bacterial cellulose pellicle production. | vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) was constitutively expressed in acetobacter xylinum to enhance bacterial cellulose (bc) production. a pronounced enhancement of bc production in static culture was observed. reducing o(2) tension in gaseous phase of the culture by tightly sealing the culture tube could also enhance bc production by 70%. o(2) tension in gaseous phase reduced from 21 to 15% in the sealed and static culture of vhb-expressing a. xylinum after 7 days cultivation, while 7.36g/l of bc with ... | 2007 | 17868946 |
| the biological and toxicological importance of molybdenum in the environment and in the nutrition of plants, animals and man. part 1: molybdenum in plants. | in 1930, bortels showed that molybdenum is necessary for nitrogen fixation in acetobacter, and in 1939 arnon and stout reported that molybdenum is essential for life in higher plants. nitrogenase is the nitrogen-fixing enzyme complex, while nitrate reductase requires molybdenum for its activity. molybdenum occurs in the earth crust with an abundance of 1.0-1.4 mg/kg. the molybdenum content of the vegetation is determined by the amount of this element in the soil and its ph-value. the weathering ... | 2007 | 17899788 |
| genus-specific profile of acetic acid bacteria by 16s rdna pcr-dgge. | an effective method for grouping acetic acid bacteria (aab) genera was defined and evaluated as a tool for preliminary screening of the major aab species involved in vinegar production. acetobacter, gluconobacter, gluconacetobacter, asaia, neoasaia, saccharibacter, frateuria and kozakia aab strains were screened on the basis of the 16s rdna sequences using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) technique. the dgge profile of all the strains tested, consisted ... | 2008 | 17919758 |
| analysis of proteins responsive to acetic acid in acetobacter: molecular mechanisms conferring acetic acid resistance in acetic acid bacteria. | acetic acid bacteria are used for industrial vinegar production because of their remarkable ability to oxidize ethanol and high resistance to acetic acid. although several molecular machineries responsible for acetic acid resistance in acetic acid bacteria have been reported, the entire mechanism that confers acetic acid resistance has not been completely understood. one of the promising methods to elucidate the entire mechanism is global analysis of proteins responsive to acetic acid by two-dim ... | 2008 | 17920150 |
| validation of the (gtg)(5)-rep-pcr fingerprinting technique for rapid classification and identification of acetic acid bacteria, with a focus on isolates from ghanaian fermented cocoa beans. | amplification of repetitive bacterial dna elements through the polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr fingerprinting) using the (gtg)(5) primer, referred to as (gtg)(5)-pcr fingerprinting, was found a promising genotypic tool for rapid and reliable speciation of acetic acid bacteria (aab). the method was evaluated with 64 aab reference strains, including 31 type strains, and 132 isolates from ghanaian, fermented cocoa beans, and was validated with dna:dna hybridization data. most reference strains, ... | 2008 | 17920717 |
| influence of turning and environmental contamination on the dynamics of populations of lactic acid and acetic acid bacteria involved in spontaneous cocoa bean heap fermentation in ghana. | the influence of turning and environmental contamination on six spontaneous cocoa bean heap fermentations performed in ghana was studied through a multiphasic approach, encompassing both microbiological (culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques) and metabolite target analyses. a sensory analysis of chocolate made from the fermented, dried beans was performed as well. only four clusters were found among the isolates of acetic acid bacteria (aab) identified: acetobacter pasteurianus, a ... | 2008 | 17993565 |
| cellulose synthesized by acetobacter xylinum in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. | the structure of bacterial cellulose is affected by the bacterial strain used, culture media and cultivation conditions. in this study, acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwnts) were added into a static culture medium and their effect on bacterial cellulose structure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (sem), atomic force microscopy (afm), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), cp/mas (13)c nmr and x-ray diffractometry. the bacterial cellulose ribbons and the mwnts int ... | 2008 | 18005953 |
| acetobacter cibinongensis bacteremia in human. | | 2007 | 18044042 |
| [influence of culture mode on bacterial cellulose production and its structure and property]. | acetobacter xylinum nust4.2 has been applied in the studies to examine the production, structure and thermal property of bacterial cellulose (bc) produced in stationary culture and in the stirred tank reactor. these differences are as follows: bc yield reached 7.5 g/l in stationary culture for 6 days and its productivity was 0.052 g/l/h. bc production reached 3.13 g/l in the stirred tank reactor for 72h and its productivity was 0.043 g/l/h. sem showed that there was almost no difference between ... | 2007 | 18062273 |
| biological phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactor with single-stage oxic process. | the performance of biological phosphorus removal (bpr) in a sequencing batch reactor (sbr) with single-stage oxic process was investigated using simulated municipal wastewater. the experimental results showed that bpr could be achieved in a sbr without anaerobic phase, which was conventionally considered as a key phase for bpr. phosphorus (p) concentration 0.22-1.79 mg l(-1) in effluent can be obtained after 4h aeration when p concentration in influent was about 15-20 mg l(-1), the dissolved oxy ... | 2008 | 18082396 |
| coenzyme a as growth stimulant for acetobacter suboxydans. | | 1949 | 18107453 |
| recent advances in nitrogen-fixing acetic acid bacteria. | nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient, widely applied as n-fertilizer to improve yield of agriculturally important crops. an interesting alternative to avoid or reduce the use of n-fertilizers could be the exploitation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb), capable of enhancing growth and yield of many plant species, several of agronomic and ecological significance. pgpb belong to diverse genera, including azospirillum, azotobacter, herbaspirillum, bacillus, burkholderia, pseudomonas, rhiz ... | 2008 | 18177965 |
| acetic acid bacteria in traditional balsamic vinegar: phenotypic traits relevant for starter cultures selection. | this review focuses on acetic acid bacteria in traditional balsamic vinegar process. although several studies are available on acetic acid bacteria ecology, metabolism and nutritional requirements, their activity as well as their technological traits in homemade vinegars as traditional balsamic vinegar is not well known. the basic technology to oxidise cooked grape must to produce traditional balsamic vinegar is performed by the so called "seed-vinegar" that is a microbiologically undefined star ... | 2008 | 18177968 |
| over-expression of udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase in hybrid poplar affects carbon allocation. | the effects of the over-expression of the acetobacter xylinum udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ugpase) under the control of the tandem repeat cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (2x35s) on plant metabolism and growth were investigated in hybrid poplar (populus albaxgrandidentata). transcript levels, enzyme activity, growth parameters, leaf morphology, structural and soluble carbohydrates, and soluble metabolite levels were quantified in both transgenic and wild-type trees. transgenic 2x35s::ugpase p ... | 2007 | 18182429 |
| genera and species in acetic acid bacteria. | taxonomic studies of acetic acid bacteria were historically surveyed. the genus acetobacter was first introduced in 1898 with a single species, acetobacter aceti. the genus gluconobacter was proposed in 1935 for strains with intense oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid rather than oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid and no oxidation of acetate. the genus "acetomonas" was described in 1954 for strains with polar flagellation and no oxidation of acetate. the proposals of the two generic names wer ... | 2008 | 18199517 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of axcesd required for efficient cellulose biosynthesis in acetobacter xylinum. | axcesd protein required for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis in acetobacter xylinum was overexpressed in e. coli, purified and crystallized. single crystals of semet-substituted axcesd were obtained by the sitting-drop vapor-diffusion method. the crystal belongs to the primitive trigonal space group p3 2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 77.7 a, and c = 213.9 a. the asymmetric unit in the crystal was assumed to contain 8 protein molecules giving the matthews coefficient (vm) of 2.54 a3 da(-1). ... | 2008 | 18221022 |
| acetic acid bacteria spoilage of bottled red wine -- a review. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) are ubiquitous organisms that are well adapted to sugar and ethanol rich environments. this family of gram-positive bacteria are well known for their ability to produce acetic acid, the main constituent in vinegar. the oxidation of ethanol through acetaldehyde to acetic acid is well understood and characterised. aab form part of the complex natural microbial flora of grapes and wine, however their presence is less desirable than the lactic acid bacteria and yeast. even ... | 2008 | 18237809 |
| microbiological quality of fermented milk produced by repeated-batch culture. | using a starter culture containing lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris and acetobacter orientalis, repeated-batch culture for fermented-milk production was carried out for 14 d. the ph decreased to approximately 4.3 and the milk solidified stably when the mixing ratio of fermented-milk to fresh milk was set at a level as high as 10%. the microbial population gradually changed as the culture progressed, and the cell densities of lactic and acetic acid bacteria finally leveled off to constant value ... | 2008 | 18295725 |
| taxonomic structure and stability of the bacterial community in belgian sourdough ecosystems as assessed by culture and population fingerprinting. | a total of 39 traditional sourdoughs were sampled at 11 bakeries located throughout belgium which were visited twice with a 1-year interval. the taxonomic structure and stability of the bacterial communities occurring in these traditional sourdoughs were assessed using both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. a total of 1,194 potential lactic acid bacterium (lab) isolates were tentatively grouped and identified by repetitive element sequence-based pcr, followed by sequence-based i ... | 2008 | 18310426 |
| bacterium organizes hierarchical amorphous structure in microbial cellulose. | a pellicle, a gel film of microbial cellulose, is a supermolecular system containing 99% of water by weight, which is closely related to an amorphous structure in it. using ultra-small-angle neutron scattering, in order to cover over a wide range of length scales from nm to 10 microm, we examined the hierarchical amorphous structure in the microbial cellulose, which is synthesized by a bacterium (acetobacter xylinum). the microbial cellulose swollen by water shows small-angle scattering that obe ... | 2008 | 18311475 |
| tanticharoenia sakaeratensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new osmotolerant acetic acid bacterium in the alpha-proteobacteria. | tanticharoenia sakaeratensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for three strains isolated from soil collected in thailand. the three strains, ac37(t), ac38, and ac39, were included within a lineage comprising the genera asaia, kozakia, swaminathania, neoasaia, acetobacter, gluconobacter, and saccharibacter in a phylogenetic tree based on 16s rrna gene sequences, but formed a quite different, independent cluster. pair-wise sequence similarities of strain ac37(t) were 96.5-92.1% to the type strains ... | 2008 | 18323667 |
| quantitative analysis of three hydrogenotrophic microbial groups, methanogenic archaea, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and acetogenic bacteria, within plaque biofilms associated with human periodontal disease. | human subgingival plaque biofilms are highly complex microbial ecosystems that may depend on h(2)-metabolizing processes. here we investigated the ubiquity and proportions of methanogenic archaea, sulfate reducers, and acetogens in plaque samples from 102 periodontitis patients. in contrast to the case for 65 healthy control subjects, hydrogenotrophic groups were almost consistently detected in periodontal pockets, with the proportions of methanogens and sulfate reducers being significantly elev ... | 2008 | 18326571 |
| energy metabolism of a unique acetic acid bacterium, asaia bogorensis, that lacks ethanol oxidation activity. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) are known as a vinegar producer on account of their ability to accumulate a high concentration of acetic acid due to oxidative fermentation linking the ethanol oxidation respiratory chain. reactions in oxidative fermentation cause poor growth because a large amount of the carbon source is oxidized incompletely and the harmful oxidized products are accumulated almost stoichiometrically in the culture medium during growth, but a newly identified aab, asaia, has shown unu ... | 2008 | 18391448 |
| formaldehyde elimination with formaldehyde and formate oxidase in membrane of acetic acid bacteria. | formaldehyde elimination was successfully carried out with acetobacter sp. sku 14, having strong formaldehyde-oxidizing activity in the cytoplasmic membrane. formaldehyde was decomposed via formate to carbon dioxide by formaldehyde- and formate-oxidizing activities. a resting-cell suspension of the organism was more convenient for practical purposes than the isolated membrane fraction. in gluconobacter suboxydans ifo 12528, formaldehyde elimination was not so prominent when compared with that in ... | 2008 | 18397782 |
| bacterial cellulose production by acetobacter xylinum strains from agricultural waste products. | bacterial cellulose is a biopolysaccharide produced from the bacteria, acetobacter xylinum. static batch fermentations for bacterial cellulose production were studied in coconut and pineapple juices under 30 degrees c in 5-l fermenters by using three acetobacter strains: a. xylinum tistr 998, a. xylinum tistr 975, and a. xylinum tistr 893. experiments were carried out to compare bacterial cellulose yields along with growth kinetic analysis. results showed that a. xylinum tistr 998 produced a bac ... | 2008 | 18418756 |
| analysis of bacterial community during the fermentation of pulque, a traditional mexican alcoholic beverage, using a polyphasic approach. | in this study, the characterization of the bacterial community present during the fermentation of pulque, a traditional mexican alcoholic beverage from maguey (agave), was determined for the first time by a polyphasic approach in which both culture and non-culture dependent methods were utilized. the work included the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (lab), aerobic mesophiles, and 16s rdna clone libraries from total dna extracted from the maguey sap (aguamiel) used as substrate, after inoculati ... | 2008 | 18450312 |
| surface modification of natural fibers using bacteria: depositing bacterial cellulose onto natural fibers to create hierarchical fiber reinforced nanocomposites. | triggered biodegradable composites made entirely from renewable resources are urgently sought after to improve material recyclability or be able to divert materials from waste streams. many biobased polymers and natural fibers usually display poor interfacial adhesion when combined in a composite material. here we propose a way to modify the surfaces of natural fibers by utilizing bacteria ( acetobacter xylinum) to deposit nanosized bacterial cellulose around natural fibers, which enhances their ... | 2008 | 18491942 |
| a specialized citric acid cycle requiring succinyl-coenzyme a (coa):acetate coa-transferase (aarc) confers acetic acid resistance on the acidophile acetobacter aceti. | microbes tailor macromolecules and metabolism to overcome specific environmental challenges. acetic acid bacteria perform the aerobic oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid and are generally resistant to high levels of these two membrane-permeable poisons. the citric acid cycle (cac) is linked to acetic acid resistance in acetobacter aceti by several observations, among them the oxidation of acetate to co2 by highly resistant acetic acid bacteria and the previously unexplained role of a. aceti citr ... | 2008 | 18502856 |
| acetobacter indonesiensis pneumonia after lung transplant. | | 2008 | 18507930 |
| behavior of freezable bound water in the bacterial cellulose produced by acetobacter xylinum: an approach using thermoporosimetry. | the aim of the study is to examine thermal behavior of water within reticulated structure of bacterial cellulose (bc) films by sub-ambient differential scanning calorimetry (dsc). bc films with different carbon source, either manitol (bc (a)) or glycerol (bc (b)), were produced by acetobacter xylinum using hestrin and shramm culture medium under static condition at 30 +/- 0.2 degrees c for 3 days. bc samples were characterized by electron scanning microscopy and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy. t ... | 2008 | 18523890 |
| carboxymethylated-bacterial cellulose for copper and lead ion removal. | carboxymethylated-bacterial cellulose (cm-bc) was synthesized by acetobacter xylinum by adding water-soluble carboxymethylated cellulose (cmc) in the culture medium. the cm-bc was examined for the removal of copper and lead ions from aqueous solution compared with bc. the effects of performance parameters such as ph, adsorbent dose, contact time on copper and lead ion adsorption were analyzed. both bc and cm-bc show good adsorption performance at optimized ph 4.5. compared with bc, cm-bc perform ... | 2009 | 18538922 |
| cellulose formation by acetobacter acetigenum in a 50% (w/v) glycerol synthetic medium. | | 1982 | 18546133 |
| a study of acetic acid production by immobilized acetobacter cells: oxygen transfer. | the immobilization of living acetobacter cells by adsorption onto a large-surface-area ceramic support was studied in a pulsed flow reactor. the high oxygen transfer capability of the reactor enabled acetic acid production rates up to 10.4 g l(-1) h(-1) to be achieved. using a simple mathematical model incorporating both internal and external mass transfer coefficients, it was shown that oxygen transfer in the microbial film controls the reactor productivity. | 1982 | 18546351 |
| a study of acetic acid production by immobilized acetobacter cells: product inhibition effects. | acetobacter living cells were immobilized by adsorption onto a ceramic support. the effects of acetic acid inhibition have been studied in a fixed-bed pulsed-flow reactor. provided that sufficient oxygen was available, the concentration of acetic acid was found to be independent of the flow rate. damped oscillations of acetic acid concentration were observed after step changes in dilution rate. the theoretical model developed from steady-state data was successful in predicting the experimental d ... | 1982 | 18548494 |
| the development of an immobilized lactate oxidase system for lactic acid analysis. | an enzyme designated as lactate oxidase was purified from acetobacter peroxydans by using the partition methods of separation. a de-52 cellulose column was used for the primary purification of lactate oxidase, and the purified enzyme was covalently bound to a porous cellulose bead matrix in which benzoquinone was used as the coupling reagent. the physicochemical properties of the native and immobilized enzymes were determined including molecular weight, cofactor requirements, and optimal reactio ... | 1984 | 18551703 |
| immobilized live cell reactor dynamics following dilution rate shift to growth conditions: cell synchrony effects. | nutrient deprivation was used to synchronize an immobilized live cell culture of acetobacter suboxydans. the substrate supply was increased by a step change in the dilution rate to the reactor. oscillations in cell, substrate, and product concentrations were observed. a population balance model was developed to explain the observed reactor dynamics. simulation results based on the model were used to substantiate the premise that cell synchrony is the likely phenomenon responsible for the observe ... | 1985 | 18553803 |
| immobilization of acetobacter acoti on cellulose ion exchangers: adsorption isotherms. | the adsorptive behavior of cells of acetobacter aceti, atcc 23746, on deae-, ecteola-, teae-, and dehpae-cellulose ion exchangers in a modified hoyer's medium at 30 degrees c was investigated. the maximum observed adsorption capacities varied from 46 to 64 mg dry wt/g resin. the langmuir isotherm form was used to fit the data, since the cells formed a monolayer on the resin and exhibited saturation. the equilibrium constant in the langmuir expression was qualitatively correlated with the surface ... | 1986 | 18555442 |
| biotechnological applications of acetic acid bacteria. | the acetic acid bacteria (aab) have important roles in food and beverage production, as well as in the bioproduction of industrial chemicals. in recent years, there have been major advances in understanding their taxonomy, molecular biology, and physiology, and in methods for their isolation and identification. aab are obligate aerobes that oxidize sugars, sugar alcohols, and ethanol with the production of acetic acid as the major end product. this special type of metabolism differentiates them ... | 2008 | 18568850 |
| application of culture culture-independent molecular biology based methods to evaluate acetic acid bacteria diversity during vinegar processing. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) are considered fastidious microorganisms because they are difficult to isolate and cultivate. different molecular approaches were taken to detect aab diversity, independently of their capacity to grow in culture media. those methods were tested in samples that originated during traditional vinegar production. bacterial diversity was assessed by analysis of 16s rrna gene, obtained by pcr amplifications of dna extracted directly from the acetification container. bacteria ... | 2008 | 18571262 |
| acetobacter cellulosic biofilms search for new modulators of cellulogenesis and native membrane treatments. | since natural substances like pseudoxanthins exert a positive effect on the cellulogenic ability of acetobacter xylinum when producing cellulosic pellicles suitable for skin burn therapy, new defined and complex modulators were sought. ca2+ and mg2+ (4 mm) were strongly stimulatory. na+ had no effect and k+ was inhibitory. ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (0.12 g/l) ensured the same nitrogen supply as the same concentration of yeast extract as measured by cellomembrane dry wt./yield albeit higher y ... | 1997 | 18576091 |
| immobilization of microorganisms by adhesion: interplay of electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions. | the adhesion of three microorganisms (saccharomyces cerevisiae, acetobacter aceti, and moniliella pollinis) to different materials has been studied using various supports (glass, metals, plastics), some of which were treated by an fe(iii) solution. the surface properties of the cells were characterized by the zeta potential and an index of hydrophobicity; characterization of the supports involved surface chemical analysis (xps) and contact angle measurements. cell suspensions in pure water at a ... | 1987 | 18581378 |
| acetic acid production using a fermentor equipped with a hollow fiber filter module. | the continuous production of acetic acid by acetobacter aceti m23 was carried out using a fermentor equipped with a hollow fiber filter module. the culture continued for 830 h with various dilution rates, which were changed stepwisely from low to high. the final cell concentration was 21.9 g dry cell/l and the maximum productivity of acetic acid was 12.7 g/l.h for the exit acetic acid concentration of about 50 g/l. the productivity was higher than any literature's values surveyed so far. the cel ... | 1989 | 18588001 |
| ph and expansin action on single suspension-cultured tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) cells. | the aim of this study was to measure key material properties of the cell walls of single suspension-cultured plant cells and relate these to cell-wall biochemistry. to this end, micromanipulation was used to compress single tomato cells between two flat surfaces until they ruptured, and force-deformation data were obtained. in addition to measuring the bursting force, we also determined the elastic (young's) modulus of the cell walls by matching low strain (< or = 20% deformation) experimental d ... | 2008 | 18615263 |
| engineering microporosity in bacterial cellulose scaffolds. | the scaffold is an essential component in tissue engineering. a novel method to prepare three-dimensional (3d) nanofibril network scaffolds with controlled microporosity has been developed. by placing paraffin wax and starch particles of various sizes in a growing culture of acetobacter xylinum, bacterial cellulose scaffolds of different morphologies and interconnectivity were prepared. paraffin particles were incorporated throughout the scaffold, while starch particles were found only in the ou ... | 2008 | 18615821 |
| necessary corrections to the approved lists of bacterial names according to rule 40d (formerly rule 46). opinion 86. | the judicial commission affirms that, according to rule 40d, formerly rule 46, of the bacteriological code, the authorship of a number of subspecies names included on the approved lists of bacterial names must be corrected. these names are acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti, acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. pasteurianus, bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, mycobacterium chelonae subsp. chelonae, propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii, ... | 2008 | 18676492 |
| regulation of endoglucanase gene (cmcax) expression in acetobacter xylinum. | although cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in nature, the detailed mechanisms of cellulose biosynthesis remain unknown. acetobacter xylinum is one of the best-studied model organisms for cellulose biosynthesis. interestingly, the over-expression of the cmcax gene cause enhancement of cellulose production in a. xylinum, while its product (cmcax) has cellulose degradation activity. the addition of cmcax into medium also promotes cellulose production, suggesting that cmcax is involved in ce ... | 2008 | 18691537 |
| acetobacter fabarum sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium from a ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation. | six acetic acid bacterial isolates, obtained during a study of the microbial diversity of spontaneous fermentations of ghanaian cocoa beans, were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. (gtg)(5)-pcr fingerprinting grouped the isolates together, but they could not be identified using this method. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences allocated the isolates to the genus acetobacter and revealed acetobacter lovaniensis, acetobacter ghanensis and acetobacter syzygii to be nearest ... | 2008 | 18768626 |
| preservation of kombucha tea-effect of temperature on tea components and free radical scavenging properties. | kombucha tea is sugared black tea fermented with a consortium of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts (tea fungus) for 14 days. the tea tastes slightly sweet and acidic. the formation of tea fungal biofilms during storage is a big problem when kombucha tea is being stored and commercialized. various thermal treatments have been tried for long-term storage of kombucha tea. the present study revealed the influence of heat on the biochemical constituents and the free radical scavenging properties of kom ... | 2008 | 18781766 |
| microbial diversity of traditional vietnamese alcohol fermentation starters (banh men) as determined by pcr-mediated dgge. | the diversity of fungi and bacteria associated with traditional vietnamese alcohol fermentation starters (banh men) was investigated by pcr-mediated dgge. from 52 starter samples, 13 species of fungi (including yeasts) and 23 species of bacteria were identified. the fungal composition of the starters was consistent with little variation among samples. it consisted of amylase producers (rhizopus oryzae, r. microsporus, absidia corymbifera, amylomyces sp., saccharomycopsis fibuligera), ethanol pro ... | 2008 | 18838186 |
| hydrogen peroxide resistance of acetobacter pasteurianus nbrc3283 and its relationship to acetic acid fermentation. | the bacterium acetobacter pasteurianus can ferment acetic acid, a process that proceeds at the risk of oxidative stress. to understand the stress response, we investigated catalase and oxyr in a. pasteurianus nbrc3283. this strain expresses only a kate homolog as catalase, which is monofunctional and growth dependent. disruption of the oxyr gene increased kate activity, but both the kate and oxyr mutant strains showed greater sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide as compared to the parental strain. t ... | 2008 | 18838821 |
| tracheal inflammatory response to bacterial cellulose dressing after surgical scarification in rabbits. | exuberant scarring tissue formation is among the failure causes of tracheal stenosis surgery. dressings that could avoid such reaction could be very helpful in these cases. bacterial cellulose, produced by acetobacter xylinun can be useful in these cases. there are no studies in the laryngotracheal region. | 2008 | 18852976 |
| biotransformation of glycerol to d-glyceric acid by acetobacter tropicalis. | bacterial strains capable of converting glycerol to glyceric acid (ga) were screened among the genera acetobacter and gluconacetobacter. most of the tested acetobacter and gluconacetobacter strains could produce 1.8 to 9.3 g/l ga from 10% (v/v) glycerol when intact cells were used as the enzyme source. acetobacter tropicalis nbrc16470 was the best ga producer and was therefore further investigated. based on the results of high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and specific rotation, the ... | 2009 | 18853153 |
| a pantothenic acid conjugate active for acetobacter suboxydans. | | 1948 | 18865582 |
| oxidation of inositol by acetobacter suboxydans. | | 1948 | 18865610 |
| the oxidation of d-quercitol by acetobacter suboxydans. | | 1948 | 18880790 |
| oxidations by acetobacter suboxydans. | | 1948 | 18880800 |
| the stereochemistry of an enzymatic reaction; the oxidation of 1-, d-, and epi-inositol by acetobacter suboxydans. | | 1948 | 18914073 |
| analysis of several methods for the extraction of high quality dna from acetic acid bacteria in wine and vinegar for characterization by pcr-based methods. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) are fastidious microorganisms with poor recovery in culture. culture-independent methods are currently under examination. good dna extraction is a strict requirement of these methods. we compared five methods for extracting the dna of aab directly from wine and vinegar samples. four matrices (white wine, red wine, superficial vinegar and submerged vinegar) contaminated with two aab strains belonging to acetobacter pasteurianus and gluconacetobacter hansenii were assaye ... | 2008 | 18950887 |
| regulation of cellulose synthesis in acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid. | cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource on earth and is an indispensable raw material for the wood, paper, and textile industries. a model system to study the mechanism of cellulose biogenesis is the bacterium acetobacter xylinum which produces pure cellulose as an extracellular product. it was from this organism that in vitro preparations which possessed high levels of cellulose synthase activity were first obtained in both membranous and soluble forms. we recently demonstrated ... | 1987 | 18990795 |
| [pathogens and drug resistance of pulmonary infection in aids patients]. | to study the pathogens and drug resistance profiles of pulmonary infection in patients with aids. | 2008 | 19080136 |
| involvement of acetobacter orientalis in the production of lactobionic acid in caucasian yogurt ("caspian sea yogurt") in japan. | lactobionic acid was first found in a caucasian fermented milk product popularly known as "caspian sea yogurt" in japan. the presence of lactobionic acid in the fermented milk was indicated by the results of both high-performance anion-exchange chromatographic analysis with pulsed amperometric detection and mass spectrometric analysis. thereafter, the acid was purified from the yogurt and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. a substantial amount of lactobionic acid was found to be accumulated ... | 2009 | 19109260 |
| an unusual guanyl oligonucleotide regulates cellulose synthesis in acetobacter xylinum. | the mechanism of gtp-specific activation of the membrane-bound cellulose synthase system of acetobacter xylinum has been further elucidated. the supernatant fraction derived from washed membranes of this organism contains an enzyme which reacts with gtp to form a low molecular mass, heat-stable compound,tentatively characterized as a cyclic oligonuleotide composed of gmp residues, which is the immediate activator of the cellulose synthase. this activation is reversed by a membrane-bound enzyme t ... | 1985 | 19160595 |
| improving the affinity of fibroblasts for bacterial cellulose using carbohydrate-binding modules fused to rgd. | the attachment of cells to biomedical materials can be improved by using adhesion sequences, such as arg-gly-asp (rgd), found in several extracellular matrix proteins. in this work, bifunctional recombinant proteins, with a cellulose-binding module (cbm), from the cellulosome of clostridium thermocellum and cell binding sequences-rgd, grgdy-were cloned and expressed in e.coli. these rgd-containing cellulose binding proteins were purified and used to coat bacterial cellulose fibres. its effect on ... | 2010 | 19165790 |
| quantification of the expression of reference and alcohol dehydrogenase genes of some acetic acid bacteria in different growth conditions. | the aim of this study was to develop a reliable system to analyse the expression of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq)-alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and test its ability to predict the growth and oxidative activity of some acetic acid bacteria (aab). | 2009 | 19200331 |
| preliminary results of small arterial substitute performed with a new cylindrical biomaterial composed of bacterial cellulose. | tissue-engineered blood vessels (tebvs) represent an innovative approach for overcoming reconstructive problems associated with extended vascular diseases by providing small-calibre vascular grafts. this study aimed to evaluate a novel biomaterial of bacterially synthesised cellulose (bc) as a potential scaffold for tebv. | 2009 | 19231251 |
| succession of selected strains of acetobacter pasteurianus and other acetic acid bacteria in traditional balsamic vinegar. | the application of a selected acetobacter pasteurianus strain for traditional balsamic vinegar production was assessed. genomic dna was extracted from biofilms after enrichment cultures on gyc medium (10% glucose, 1.0% yeast extract, 2.0% calcium carbonate) and used for pcr/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 16s rrna gene sequencing, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus/pcr sequencing. results suggested that double-culture fermentation is suitable for traditional balsamic vi ... | 2009 | 19251897 |
| acetobacter tropicalis is a major symbiont of the olive fruit fly (bactrocera oleae). | following cultivation-dependent and -independent techniques, we investigated the microbiota associated with bactrocera oleae, one of the major agricultural pests in olive-producing countries. bacterial 16s rrna gene libraries and ultrastructural analyses revealed the presence of several bacterial taxa associated with this insect, among which acetobacter tropicalis was predominant. the recent increased detection of acetic acid bacteria as symbionts of other insect model organisms, such as anophel ... | 2009 | 19304818 |