| isolation and identification of an enterovirus 77 recovered from a refugee child from kosovo, and characterization of the complete virus genome. | the complete nucleotide sequence of an enterovirus 77 isolate is reported. the virus designated fr/cf496-99 (france/clermont-ferrand 496-1999) was recovered from the feces of a 4-year-old child hospitalized for salmonella gastroenteritis. the virus was identified by a molecular typing assay based on the genomic sequence encoding the vp1 capsid protein. the phylogenetic analysis based on the vp1 sequence demonstrated that the enterovirus isolated in the child clustered with viruses included in th ... | 2004 | 14749180 |
| clinical and epidemiological features of patients with clonorchiasis. | to study the clinical and epidemiological features of patients with clonorchiasis so as to provide scientific evidences for the diagnosis and prevention of clonorchiasis. | 2004 | 14760777 |
| [studies on etiology and vaccines of hepatitis e]. | | 2004 | 14761270 |
| [significance of serological markers and virological marker for hepatitis e in rhesus monkey model]. | to evaluate the serological markers and biological marker in the diagnosis of hepatitis e infection in a rhesus monkey model. | 2004 | 14761271 |
| [investigation of sub-clinical infection of hepatitis e virus in blood donors]. | to understand the prevalence of sub-clinical infection of hepatitis e virus (hev) among blood donors. | 2004 | 14761272 |
| [detection of hepatitis e virus on a blood donor and its infectivity to rhesus monkey]. | to understand the infectivity and pathogenicity of the plasma of hepatitis e virus (hev) viremia to primate animals. | 2004 | 14761273 |
| immunologically silent autochthonous acute hepatitis e virus infection in france. | hepatitis e is an acute and self-limiting hepatitis, and the causative agent, hepatitis e virus, is excreted in feces and orally transmitted. the disease is common in asia and africa, causing outbreaks or sporadic cases. in europe, the infection is generally observed after a history of travel in an area of endemicity. we report on an autochthonous case in southwestern france in which the diagnosis was based on molecular tools rather than serological testing. | 2004 | 14766888 |
| markedly prolonged jaundice from simultaneous infection with hepatitis e virus and leptospira. | we treated a patient simultaneously infected with hepatitis e virus and leptospira interrogans, both acquired in china. severe hyperbilirubinemia required nearly 200 days to resolve, transminase elevation showed a fluctuating course, and liver biopsy specimens showed fibrosis unusual for hepatitis e. leptospirosis appeared to have altered the course of hepatitis e virus infection in this patient, even though infection with leptospira was cleared with antibiotics by 50 days after the onset of the ... | 2003 | 14768480 |
| dna vaccine-encapsulated virus-like particles derived from an orally transmissible virus stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses by oral administration. | delivery of foreign genes to the digestive tract mucosa by oral administration of nonreplicating gene transfer vectors would be a very useful method for vaccination and gene therapy. however, there have been few reports on suitable vectors. in the present study, we found that plasmid dna can be packaged in vitro into a virus-like particle (vlp) composed of open reading frame 2 of hepatitis e virus, which is an orally transmissible virus, and that these vlps can deliver this foreign dna to the in ... | 2004 | 14973544 |
| basis for fusion inhibition by peptides: analysis of the heptad repeat regions of the fusion proteins from nipah and hendra viruses, newly emergent zoonotic paramyxoviruses. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are novel zoonotic members of the paramyxoviridae family and are the prototypes for a newly designated genus, genus henipavirus. recent studies have shown that paramyxovirus might adopt a similar mechanism of virus fusion-entry. under this mechanism, the two highly conserved heptad repeat (hr) regions, hr1 and hr2, in the fusion (f) protein, seem to show characteristic structure in the fusion core: the formation of a 6-helix coiled-coil bundle. the three ... | 2004 | 14975752 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis e infection and their determinants in adult chinese community in hong kong. | current epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in hong kong was evaluated in 936 adult chinese subjects recruited through a telephone interview in 2001. some 15% of the subjects had igg antibodies to both hav and hev while 665 (71.0%) and 176 (18.8%) had anti-hav and anti-hev, respectively. age was the most significant independent factor. six hundred thirty-eight (79.8%) and 165 (20.7%) subjects aged > or =30 had anti-hav and anti-hev, respectively, as compared with ... | 2004 | 14981755 |
| transfusion of plasma from a blood donor induced hepatitis e in rhesus monkey. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is normally transmitted via the faeco-oral route. the possibility that the infection might be transmissible by blood has been suggested. direct evidence of blood-borne transmission of hepatitis e infection is, however, absent. | 2004 | 14984559 |
| molecular biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection results in hepatitis e, an acute and self-limited disease. the virus is transmitted in a faecal-oral manner and is a major cause of viral hepatitis in much of the developing world, where it causes rampant sporadic infections and large epidemics. a curious feature of hepatitis e is the unusually high rates of mortality that are observed in pregnant women, in whom the disease is exacerbated by the development of fulminant liver disease. in the absence of viable in ... | 1999 | 14987355 |
| genetic identification of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) from healthy chicken flocks and characterization of the capsid gene of 14 avian hev isolates from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in different geographical regions of the united states. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev), a novel virus identified from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome, is genetically and antigenically related to human hev. recently, it was found that avian hev antibody is also prevalent in healthy chickens. a prospective study was done on a known seropositive but healthy chicken farm to identify avian hev isolates from healthy chickens. fourteen chickens were randomly selected, tagged and monitored under natural conditions for 19 weeks. all 14 chick ... | 2004 | 14993655 |
| nipah virus conforms to the rule of six in a minigenome replication assay. | to study the replication of nipah virus (niv), a minigenome replication assay that does not require the use of infectious virus was developed. the minigenome was constructed to encode a niv vrna analogue containing the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) under the control of putative niv transcription motifs and flanked by the niv genomic termini. cat protein was detected only when plasmids encoding the niv minigenome, nucleocapsid protein (n), phosphoprotein (p) and polymerase prot ... | 2004 | 14993656 |
| interactions of decay-accelerating factor (daf) with haemagglutinating human enteroviruses: utilizing variation in primate daf to map virus binding sites. | a cellular receptor for the haemagglutinating enteroviruses (hev), and the protein that mediates haemagglutination, is the membrane complement regulatory protein decay accelerating factor (daf; cd55). although primate daf is highly conserved, significant differences exist to enable cell lines derived from primates to be utilized for the characterization of the daf binding phenotype of human enteroviruses. thus, several distinct daf-binding phenotypes of a selection of hevs (viz. coxsackievirus a ... | 2004 | 14993659 |
| evidence for the presence of hepatitis e virus in pigs in the united kingdom. | samples of serum, tissue and faeces from two pig herds in england were examined for hepatitis e virus by reverse-transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr), and a virus strain from each herd was partially sequenced. eleven of 42 faecal samples and 16 of 21 tissue samples from two pigs were positive for the virus by rt-pcr. analysis of two unique but closely related nucleotide sequences obtained from the two herds showed that the viruses clustered in genotype iii (6) with a human strain of the virus from an auto ... | 2004 | 15005446 |
| presence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in japanese pet cats. | | 2004 | 15007745 |
| high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a and e viruses and viremia of hepatitis b, c, and d viruses among apparently healthy populations in mongolia. | the prevalence of infection with hepatitis a virus (hav), hbv, hcv, hdv, and hev was evaluated in 249 apparently healthy individuals, including 122 inhabitants in ulaanbaatar, the capital city of mongolia, and 127 age- and sex-matched members of nomadic tribes who lived around the capital city. overall, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected in 24 subjects (10%), of whom 22 (92%) had detectable hbv dna. surprisingly, hdv rna was detectable in 20 (83%) of the 24 hbsag-positive subjects. ... | 2004 | 15013993 |
| hepatic encephalopathy in pregnancy. | hepatic encephalopathy in pregnancy may be related to a wide variety of acute and chronic liver diseases, including acute viral hepatitis, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia-related liver injury, etc. of these, hepatitis e virus infection is a particularly important cause in those developing countries where this infection is endemic. etiological diagnosis can be made based on epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory findings. treatment is usually similar to that of hepatic encephalopath ... | 2003 | 15025263 |
| the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus interacts with liver-specific alpha1-microglobulin and its precursor alpha1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor (ambp) and expedites their export from the hepatocyte. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a plus-stranded rna virus contains three open reading frames. of these, orf1 encodes the viral nonstructural polyprotein; orf2 encodes the major capsid protein and orf3 codes for a phosphoprotein of undefined function. using the yeast two-hybrid system to screen a human cdna liver library we have isolated, an n-terminal deleted protein, alpha(1) -microglobulin/bikunin precursor (ambp) that specifically interacts with the orf3 protein of hev. independently cloned, full-le ... | 2004 | 15037615 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus among apparently healthy humans and pigs in bali, indonesia: identification of a pig infected with a genotype 4 hepatitis e virus. | in indonesia where hepatitis e virus (hev) is believed to be highly endemic, only three outbreaks of hev transmission have been documented to date in restricted areas (west kalimantan and east java). a total of 1,115 serum samples collected from apparently healthy individuals in bali, lombok, and surabaya in indonesia in 1996 where epidemic hev transmissions have never been reported, were tested for igg class antibodies to hev (anti-hev). in bali, anti-hev was detected in 20% (54/276) of the tes ... | 2004 | 15042646 |
| [etiology and clinical characters of hepatitis caused by non-hepatotropic virus]. | to explore the etiology and clinical characters of hepatitis caused by non-hepatotropic virus. | 2004 | 15059291 |
| [the primary comparative analysis between the host genetic factors and their relationships with clinical phenotype of hbv infected twins]. | the primary comparative analysis between the host genetic factors and their relationships with clinical phenotype of 20 pairs of hbv infected and high risk twins. | 2004 | 15059532 |
| three male patients with sporadic acute hepatitis e in sendai, japan, who were domestically infected with hepatitis e virus of genotype iii or iv. | recent studies indicate that hepatitis e virus (hev) infection occurs not only in developing countries but also in industrialized nations. however, the characteristics of domestic infections of hepatitis e in japan are not fully understood. we analyzed serum samples from 34 patients who were seen at a city hospital in sendai, japan, between january 1997 and december 2002, and who had been given the diagnosis of sporadic acute hepatitis of non-a, non-b, non-c etiology. among these 34 patients, 3 ... | 2004 | 15065009 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis b, c, d and e viruses among children in moscow, russia. | it is known that the prevalence of hbv and hcv infections vary according to geographical areas. however, in russia, an adequate level of information on the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis viruses has not been available so far. | 2004 | 15072755 |
| in vitro replication of hepatitis e virus (hev) genomes and of an hev replicon expressing green fluorescent protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) rna replication occurred in seven of nine primate cell cultures transfected with in vitro transcripts of an infectious cdna clone. cell-to-cell spread did not occur in cell cultures, but rhesus monkeys inoculated with lysates of hev-transfected plc/prf/5 and huh-7 cells became infected with hev. a replicon with the orf2 and orf3 genes deleted and replaced with the green fluorescent protein gene also replicated in the same primate cells that supported the replication of th ... | 2004 | 15078965 |
| detection and quantitation of hepatitis e virus in human faeces by real-time quantitative pcr. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of an acute and self-limited form of hepatitis. the virus is transmitted by the faecal-oral route and is a major cause of viral hepatitis in much of the developing world where it causes sporadic infections and large-scale epidemics. a simple and rapid protocol for the measurement of hev faecal shedding by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with the sybr green method on a lightcycler instrument, is described. after only 3h the real-time quan ... | 2004 | 15081602 |
| consumption of wild boar linked to cases of hepatitis e. | | 2004 | 15094239 |
| the hepatitis e virus open reading frame 3 protein activates erk through binding and inhibition of the mapk phosphatase. | the hepatitis e virus causes acute viral hepatitis endemic in much of the developing world and is a serious public health problem. however, due to the lack of an in vitro culture system or a small animal model, its biology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. we have shown earlier that the orf3 protein (porf3) of hepatitis e virus activates erk, a member of the mapk superfamily. here we have explored the mechanism of porf3-mediated erk activation and demonstrated it to be independent of the r ... | 2004 | 15096509 |
| expression of the b subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli in tobacco mosaic virus-infected nicotiana benthamiana plants and its characterization as mucosal immunogen and adjuvant. | we have produced biologically active recombinant (r) ltb, the nontoxic b subunit of heat-labile toxin (lt) of escherichia coli in tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana plants. we amplified the ltb encoding sequence with its leader and introduced a hexahistidyl tag and an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. the resulting product was ligated into a tmv-based plant viral expression vector that was used for the generation of recombinant viral rna. eighty-nine percent of n. be ... | 2004 | 15099768 |
| [prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus among residents of different climate and geographic zones of russia federation]. | the detection frequency of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) was studied in residents of the south and of the middle european part of the russia federation as well as of siberia. antibodies to hev were most often found both in patients with hepatic pathologies and in subjects with diseases unrelated with a primary hepatic lesion, in particular, in patients with skin and venereal diseases and with hev. a higher concentration of antibodies to hev was noted also in blood donors, medical personn ... | 2004 | 15106375 |
| immunohistochemistry for the detection of swine hepatitis e virus in the liver. | swine hepatitis e virus (hev) antigen was detected immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hepatic tissue from 30 naturally infected pigs. thirty pigs from 30 different herds were selected on the basis of positive results for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. positive cells typically exhibited a red reaction product in the cytoplasm without any observable background staining. swine hev antigen was consistently detected in liver from all 30 pigs tested. a strong ... | 2004 | 15117329 |
| henipaviruses: recent observations on regulation of transcription and the nature of the cell receptor. | hendra virus (henv) and nipah virus (nipv) are classified in the new genus henipavirus, within the subfamily paramyxovirinae, family paramyxoviridae. the genetic and biological characteristics that differentiate henipaviruses from other members of the subfamily are summarized. although they do not display neuraminidase and hemagglutination activities and in that regard resemble viruses in the genus morbillivirus, several recent observations highlight similarities between henipaviruses and respir ... | 2004 | 15119767 |
| development of reverse transcriptase pcr and nested pcr to detect porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. | porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (hev) causes encephalomyelitis, or vomiting and wasting disease, in suckling piglets. the mortality rate for piglets under 3 weeks old is 100%, but they are usually protected by maternal antibodies. recently, the risk of an hev outbreak has increased in the pig industry, because of widely using specific pathogen-free pigs that have no antibodies to hev. we developed reverse transcription (rt) pcr and nested pcr to detect hev. primer sets of polyme ... | 2004 | 15133265 |
| hepatitis e in pregnancy. | to study the spectrum and the clinical and biochemical course of viral hepatitis e during pregnancy. | 2004 | 15145258 |
| transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e caused by apparently indigenous hepatitis e virus strain in hokkaido, japan. | in industrialized countries, sporadic cases of hepatitis e have been reported in individuals who have never been in an endemic area. hepatitis e virus (hev) infection commonly occurs via the fecal-oral route but a potential risk of transfusion transmission route has been suggested. | 2004 | 15157263 |
| real-time quantification of hepatitis b virus core-promoter and pre-core mutants during hepatitis e antigen seroconversion. | detection of hepatitis b virus (hbv) core-promoter a(1762)t-g(1764)a and pre-core g(1896)a mutants has relied on qualitative assays. we tested the hypothesis that the quantity of a(1762)t-g(1764)a and g(1896)a mutants might have clinical impact, by quantifying these mutants before and after hbe antigen (hbeag) seroconversion in 58 patients. | 2004 | 15158343 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the fusion core from two new zoonotic paramyxoviruses, nipah virus and hendra virus. | highly conserved heptad-repeat (hr1 and hr2) regions in class i viral fusion (f) proteins, including the f protein from paramyxovirus, interact with each other post-fusion to form a six-helix bundle called a fusion core. crystals of the fusion core of nipah virus have been grown at 291 k using peg 4000 as precipitant. the diffraction pattern of the crystal extends to 2.1 angstroms resolution at 100 k in-house. the crystals have unit-cell parameters a = 31.664, b = 31.725, c = 51.256 angstroms, a ... | 2004 | 15159588 |
| selection of a peptide mimicking neutralization epitope of hepatitis e virus with phage peptide display technology. | to select the peptide mimicking the neutralization epitope of hepatitis e virus which bound to non-type-specific and conformational monoclonal antibodies (mabs) 8c11 and 8h3 fromed 7-peptide phage display library, and expressed the peptide recombinant with hbcag in e.coli, and to observe whether the recombinant hbcag could still form virus like particle (vlp) and to test the activation of the recombinant polyprotein and chemo-synthesized peptide that was selected by mab 8h3. | 2004 | 15162530 |
| acute pancreatitis associated with acute hepatitis e infection. | a 45-year-old male presented with severe abdominal pain, hyperamylasaemia and a bulky pancreas. in addition, he had deep jaundice and markedly raised serum transaminases, and his serum was positive for igm anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies. the common aetiologies of acute pancreatitis were excluded. the patient ran a benign course for both acute viral hepatitis and acute pancreatitis, and recovered completely. acute pancreatitis caused by hev infection has been reported only occasionally. | 2003 | 15164533 |
| determination and analysis of the complete genomic sequence of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) and attempts to infect rhesus monkeys with avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev), recently identified from a chicken with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the united states, is genetically and antigenically related to human and swine hevs. in this study, sequencing of the genome was completed and an attempt was made to infect rhesus monkeys with avian hev. the full-length genome of avian hev, excluding the poly(a) tail, is 6654 bp in length, which is about 600 bp shorter than that of human and swine hevs. similar to human and swine hev g ... | 2004 | 15166445 |
| mapping of domains responsible for nucleocapsid protein-phosphoprotein interaction of henipaviruses. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are members of a new genus, henipavirus, in the family paramyxoviridae. each virus encodes a phosphoprotein (p) that is significantly larger than its counterparts in other known paramyxoviruses. the interaction of this unusually large p with its nucleocapsid protein (n) was investigated in this study by using recombinant full-length and truncated proteins expressed in bacteria and a modified protein-blotting protein-overlay assay. results from our group d ... | 2004 | 15166452 |
| [construction and screening of hepatitis e virus-specific phage antibody combinatorial library]. | to construct hev-specific phage combinatorial anti-body library and screen anti-hev antibodies with neutralizing activity from the library. | 2003 | 15169661 |
| [current aspects of hepatitis e virus]. | | 2004 | 15171834 |
| hepatitis e virus and acute-on-chronic liver failure. | | 2004 | 15176533 |
| superimposed acute hepatitis e infection in patients with chronic liver disease. | the natural history of infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) in patients with chronic liver disease (cld) is not well described. our study aims to document the presentation, course and outcome of hev superinfection in patients with cld. | 2004 | 15176535 |
| hepatitis e virus is responsible for decompensation of chronic liver disease in an endemic region. | hepatitis a virus infection in patients with previously stable chronic liver disease is associated with liver decompensation. whether infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) also does so is not known. | 2004 | 15176538 |
| generation and infectivity titration of an infectious stock of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) in chickens and cross-species infection of turkeys with avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev), a novel virus identified from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the united states, is genetically and antigenically related to human hev. in order to further characterize avian hev, an infectious viral stock with a known infectious titer must be generated, as hev cannot be propagated in vitro. bile and feces collected from specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens experimentally infected with avian hev were used to prepare an avian hev infectious stock a ... | 2004 | 15184448 |
| an elisa for putative neutralizing antibodies to hepatitis e virus detects antibodies to genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. | two monoclonal antibodies that neutralize hepatitis e virus (hev) were used to identify a subregion of orf2 capsid protein spanning amino acids 459-607 as the shortest peptide to form the corresponding neutralization epitopes. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on a purified recombinant protein covering amino acids 458-607 in orf2 of the sar-55 strain (genotype 1) efficiently detected anti-hev in non-human primates which had been experimentally infected with the four known mammal ... | 2004 | 15193383 |
| human and porcine hepatitis e virus strains, united kingdom. | we describe a case of acquired infection of a strain of hepatitis e virus (hev) with a 100% amino acid identity to the analogous region in strains of hev circulating in a united kingdom pig herd. this case further supports the theory that autochthonous hev infection in industrialized countries is zoonotic. | 2004 | 15200841 |
| [prevalence of immunity to hepatitis viruses in pregnant women from the health area of gijón (spain)]. | the objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis b or c chronic infection, and hepatitis a or e immunity among pregnant women from gijón, as well as their clinical and epidemiological antecedents. | 2004 | 15207132 |
| hepatitis e, helicobacter pylori, and gastrointestinal symptoms in workers exposed to waste water. | workers exposed to sewage may have an increased risk of infection by helicobacter pylori and hepatitis e virus (hev). | 2004 | 15208379 |
| hepatitis e virus infection may be transmitted through blood transfusions in an endemic area. | to address the issue of whether or not hepatitis e virus (hev) is transmitted parenterally. | 2004 | 15209625 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus among japanese blood donors: identification of three blood donors infected with a genotype 3 hepatitis e virus. | risk factors for acquiring hepatitis e among individuals in industrialized countries including japan are not fully understood. we investigated whether japanese blood donors with or without an elevated alanine aminotransferase (alt) level are likely to have hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. serum samples were collected from 5,343 voluntary blood donors including 1,087 donors with elevated alt of 61-966 iu/l and 4,256 donors with normal alt (< or = 60 iu/l) at two japanese red cross blood centers ... | 2004 | 15221899 |
| assessment of hav and hev seroprevalence in children living in post-earthquake camps from düzce, turkey. | the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalance of enterically transmitted hepatitis among children living in post-earthquake camps, and to assess the efficacy of the measurements during and after the disaster in düzce and golyaka. in the second half of 1999, north-western turkey, was struck by two massive earthquakes in less than 3 months. the first, on 17 august 1999, involving golyaka, was struck, measuring between 7.4 and 7.8 on the richter scale. irregularity about providing clean wa ... | 2004 | 15233319 |
| hepatitis e vaccines: progress and prospects. | hepatitis e accounts for the major part of enterally transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis worldwide. its agent, the hepatitis e virus (hev), is a small, single-stranded rna virus. only one serotype of hev is recognised. infection results in protective immunity with long-lived neutralising antibodies. in developing countries with poor sanitary conditions and high population density, hepatitis e causes water-borne epidemics with substantial mortality rates in pregnant women. in addition, more than 5 ... | 2004 | 15233590 |
| identification of 5' capped structure and 3' terminal sequence of hepatitis e virus isolated from morocco. | to examine 5' and 3' terminal sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated from morocco, to confirm 5' methylated cap structure of the genome, and to investigate whether the 3' utr can be used to distinguish hev genotypes instead of hev complete genome sequence. | 2004 | 15237431 |
| sporadic cases of acute autochthonous hepatitis e in spain. | in industrialized countries hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is rare and its diagnosis is difficult because the utility of available tests is not well established. | 2004 | 15246218 |
| production in pichia pastoris and characterization of genetic engineered chimeric hbv/hev virus-like particles. | to investigate the presentation of a neutralization epitope-containing peptide antigen of hepatitis e virus (hev) on chimeric virus-like particles (vlps) of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). | 2004 | 15250239 |
| consumption of uncooked deer meat as a risk factor for hepatitis e virus infection: an age- and sex-matched case-control study. | it was reported previously food-borne transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) to humans from deer meat. the present study attempted to clarify whether eating uncooked deer meat is a major epidemiological risk factor for hev infection in kasai, a city in western japan. in total, 45 volunteer subjects with experience of eating raw deer meat were enrolled. an equivalent number of people from the same area who had never eaten raw deer meat served as controls. the subjects and controls had comparable ... | 2004 | 15258970 |
| hepatitis e: an overview and recent advances in vaccine research. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an unclassified, small, non-enveloped rna virus, as a causative agent of acute hepatitis e that is transmitted principally via the fecal-oral route. the virus can cause large water-born epidemics of the disease and sporadic cases as well. hepatitis e occurs predominantly in developing countries, usually affecting young adults, with a high fatality rate up to 15-20% in pregnant women. however, no effective treatment currently exists for hepatitis e, and the only cure is ... | 2004 | 15259057 |
| [detection and analysis of hav-hev, hgv infection in patients with viral hepatitis]. | to study the simple infection and super/co-infection of hav-hev, hgv in patients with viral hepatitis. | 2004 | 15268800 |
| estimation of the mutation rate of hepatitis e virus based on a set of closely related 7.5-year-apart isolates from sapporo, japan. | since hepatitis e virus (hev) does not persist in infected hosts or in cultured cell lines, it has been difficult to know its spontaneous mutation rate. recently, we identified an hev isolate in stored serum from a patient having developed hepatitis e in 1995 (jsm-sap95), nucleotide sequence of which showed a strong resemblance to those obtained from three patients who contracted hepatitis e in 2000 and 2002 (jkk-sap00, jyw-sap02, and jts-sap02). the remarkable nucleotide similarity together wit ... | 2004 | 15288013 |
| epidemiological and clinical study of sporadic acute hepatitis e caused by indigenous strains of hepatitis e virus in japan compared with acute hepatitis a. | we compared acute hepatitis e (ah-e) and acute hepatitis a (ah-a) to investigate the epidemiology, clinical features, and prognosis of ah-e caused by an indigenous hepatitis e virus (hev) in japan. | 2004 | 15293134 |
| epidemiological and clinical features of hepatitis e in japan. | | 2004 | 15293147 |
| infection of a japanese patient by genotype 4 hepatitis e virus while traveling in vietnam. | cases of imported hepatitis e in industrialized countries infected with a genotype 1 hepatitis e virus (hev) have been identified. we report a 56-year-old japanese man who acquired infection with a genotype 4 hev with 98.8% identity to a vietnamese isolate after ingestion of uncooked shellfish while traveling in vietnam. | 2004 | 15297556 |
| hev biology-recent developments and future implications. | | 2004 | 15303461 |
| waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak in albania. | three different studies are reported concerning the environmental pollution caused by viruses in albania. the first study describes an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the capital city, involving 2,722 children attending the paediatric unit of tirana hospital. the age group with the highest morbidity was 0-5 years, with 89.5%; no fatalities were recorded during the outbreak. rotavirus was detected in 26/28 faecal samples by rt-pcr, although astrovirus, adenovirus and calicivirus were also present. ... | 2004 | 15318487 |
| [prevalence of anti-hev among swine, sheep and chickens]. | to investigate the prevalence of anti-hev among swine, sheep and chickens. | 2004 | 15340498 |
| [serological characteristics of a hepatitis e outbreak]. | to look into the serological characteristics of a hepatitis e outbreak. | 2003 | 15340553 |
| [antigencity identification of recombinant hepatitis e virus orf2 protein expressed in pichia pastoris]. | to determine the antigenicity of recombinant hepatitis e virus orf2 (rhev orf2) protein expressed in pichia pastoris (p. pastoris). | 2003 | 15340572 |
| a nonpolio enterovirus with respiratory tropism causes poliomyelitis in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 transgenic mice. | coxsackievirus a21 (cav21) is classified within the species human enterovirus c (hev-c) of the enterovirus genus of picornaviruses. hev-c share striking homology with the polioviruses (pv), their closest kin among the enteroviruses. despite a high level of sequence identity, cav21 and pv cause distinct clinical disease typically attributed to their differential use of host receptors. pv cause poliomyelitis, whereas cav21 shares a receptor and a propensity to cause upper respiratory tract infecti ... | 2004 | 15353596 |
| false-positive result provided by rapid heterophile antibody test in a case of acute infection with hepatitis e virus. | | 2004 | 15365060 |
| [construction and expression of single-chain antibody of neutralizing monoclonal antibody 13d8 against hepatitis e virus]. | to weaken the immunogenicity of the neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) 13d8 against hepatitis e virus and express its scfv. | 2004 | 15367346 |
| hepatitis e in the south west of france in individuals who have never visited an endemic area. | a total of 431 consecutive patients from the midi pyrenees area with acute hepatitis with unknown etiology in 2001-2002 were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin g-class (igg) anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies. forty-six (10.7%) had anti-hev igg, and the results were questionable for a further 17 (3.9%). real time pcr based on taqman detection was used to identify hev genome fragments in the serum of patients with positive or questionable anti-hev serology. hev rna was found in 25.4% ... | 2004 | 15368508 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection among preschool children in taiwan. | in order to study the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among preschool children in taiwan, a community-based survey was carried out in 54 kindergartens in 10 urban areas, 10 rural areas, and 2 aboriginal areas randomly selected through stratified sampling. serum specimens of 2,538 preschool children were screened for hev antibodies (anti-hev) by a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. the odd ratios (or) with 95% confidence intervals (ci) were estimated through multiple l ... | 2004 | 15368521 |
| detection of enteric viruses, giardia and cryptosporidium in two different types of drinking water treatment facilities. | in this study, two types of drinking water treatment facilities (two conventional drinking water treatment plants (dwtps) and two compact units (cus)) were compared referring to their production capacity. water samples were collected from three main points: (a) different water treatment steps (b) washings of sand filters and (c) distribution system at different distances from the water treatment plants. both viruses and protozoa were concentrated from each water sample by adsorption and accumula ... | 2004 | 15380983 |
| estimating the global burden of thalassogenic diseases: human infectious diseases caused by wastewater pollution of the marine environment. | this paper presents a preliminary attempt at obtaining an order-of-magnitude estimate of the global burden of disease (gbd) of human infectious diseases associated with swimming/bathing in coastal waters polluted by wastewater, and eating raw or lightly steamed filter-feeding shellfish harvested from such waters. such diseases will be termed thalassogenic--caused by the sea. until recently these human health effects have been viewed primarily as local phenomena, not generally included in the wor ... | 2003 | 15382734 |
| [structure of hev]. | | 2004 | 15453373 |
| [structure and function of hev genome]. | | 2004 | 15453374 |
| [genetic diversity and mutation of hepatitis e virus]. | | 2004 | 15453375 |
| [hepatitis e as a zoonosis]. | | 2004 | 15453377 |
| [clinical features of acute hepatitis e in sapporo]. | | 2004 | 15453378 |
| [outline of hepatitis e]. | | 2004 | 15453379 |
| [detection of antibodies of hev]. | | 2004 | 15453380 |
| [detection of hev-rna]. | | 2004 | 15453381 |
| [hepatitis e vaccine]. | | 2004 | 15453382 |
| [hepatitis a and e enterically transmitted virus infections of the liver]. | hepatitis a virus (a picornavirus) and hepatitis e virus (so far unclassified) are small, non-enveloped and relatively stable rna viruses with many similar, yet, not identical characteristics. both viruses are transmitted preferentially by the fecal-oral route. consequently, their spread is favoured by poor personal hygiene and inappropriate sanitary conditions. infection can pass subclinically, take an acute and self limiting course, and can also manifest as fulminant hepatitis with liver failu ... | 2004 | 15457963 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c and e virus markers among patients with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in phnom penh (cambodia) and nha trang (central vietnam)]. | in order to describe the respective part of viral hepatitis in liver diseases observed in cambodia and vietnam, ninety consecutive patients with aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and alanine aminotransferase (alt) > or = 100 ul/l were tested for hepatitis a, b, c and e markers in phnom penh and nha trang. the markers were igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav igm), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcvab) and igg antibodies to hepatitis e virus (an ... | 2004 | 15462195 |
| molecular investigation of hepatitis e virus infection in domestic and miniature pigs used for medical experiments. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is highly prevalent among domestic pigs in japan. it has been reported that pig handlers such as farmers and veterinarians are at increased risk of contracting hev infection. pigs are regarded as the most acceptable candidate animals for xenotransplantation and, recently, they are being used as experimental animals. | 2004 | 15479459 |
| [progress in the study of animal hosts of hepatitis e]. | | 2003 | 15481130 |
| evidence for hepatitis e virus quasispecies. | the genetic diversity of hepatitis e virus (hev) has been extensively analysed during the last decade. most sporadic and epidemic hev strains are distributed into genotypes or groups. nevertheless, few studies have looked at the polymorphism of hev strains isolated from a given outbreak. a serum bank collected in tanefdour, algeria, during an acute hepatitis epidemic (1986-1987), retrospectively confirmed as hepatitis e, was analysed. of the 69 serum samples collected within an 8-week period, 23 ... | 2004 | 15483231 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection among hemodialysis patients in japan: evidence for infection with a genotype 3 hev by blood transfusion. | to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among patients on maintenance hemodialysis, serum samples collected in january 2003 from 416 patients who had been undergoing hemodialysis for 7.6 +/- 6.3 (mean +/- standard deviation) (range, 0.3-26.0) years in a dialysis unit in japan and serum samples that had been collected from these patients at the start of hemodialysis were tested for igg antibodies to hev (anti-hev igg) by an "in-house" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ... | 2004 | 15484278 |
| complete sequence of a kyrgyzstan swine hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated from a piglet thought to be experimentally infected with human hev. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was identified by rt-pcr amplification with degenerate orf2 primers in the stool of a piglet experimentally inoculated with a stool suspension from a patient with acute hepatitis during an outbreak of non-a, non-b hepatitis in kyrgyzstan. further characterization by sequencing of the complete genome and phylogenetic analysis showed that the piglet isolate was most closely related to hev genotype 3. because the original human stool specimen used to inoculate the piglet was ... | 2004 | 15484284 |
| frequency and clinical course of hepatitis e in tertiary care hospitals. | to find out the frequency of hepatitis e virus as a cause of acute hepatitis and its clinical course in hospitalized patients. | 2004 | 15487036 |
| domestic infection of hepatitis e in japan. | in most cases of hepatitis e in japan, patients acquire the viral infection abroad in countries where hepatitis e is endemic. however, in nagano prefecture, japan, we encountered a patient with hepatitis e who had never been abroad. the diagnosis was made on finding hepatitis e viral rna and antibodies against the virus in the serum. prompt normalization of liver function test occurred without medication. the nucleotide sequence of the virus isolated from this patient was closely related to the ... | 2004 | 15497515 |
| routes of transmission of swine hepatitis e virus in pigs. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is believed to be transmitted by the fecal-oral route in pigs. to date, in experiments, hev has been transmitted successfully only by the intravenous or intrahepatic route. to assess the route of hev transmission, 27 pigs were separated into nine groups of three pigs. positive-control pigs were inoculated intravenously with swine hev and served as the source of hev for the other groups. uninoculated contact pigs were placed in the positive-control group. on three consecut ... | 2004 | 15528694 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in wild boars and deer and genetic identification of a genotype 3 hev from a boar in japan. | zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) from captured wild deer or boars to humans has been suggested. antibody to hev was detected in 9% of 35 wild boars and 2% of 117 wild deer tested, and a presumably indigenous hev of genotype 3 was isolated from a boar in japan. | 2004 | 15528746 |
| [enteric viruses and bacteriological parameters in molluscs]. | eighty-seven samples of shellfish were collected considering: type of mollusc, origin, growing area, monitoring or for human purpose. the bacteriological parameters were: fecal coliforms, escherichia coli, and salmonella; whereas the virological parameters included: hepatitis a and e virus, rotavirus, astrovirus and enterovirus. in total, 63.2% of samples had normal bacteria values, only one sample was salmonella positive. the percentage of positive samples for hepatitis a virus was 5.7%, rotavi ... | 2004 | 15554530 |