| natural history and epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the middle east: hospital surveillance for children under age two in jordan. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children worldwide. in the middle east and arab countries, the burden of rsv-associated hospitalizations is not well characterized. we sought to determine the burden and clinical/epidemiological characteristics of rsv hospitalization in young children in amman, jordan. we investigated risk factors for severity including vitamin d levels. | 2015 | 26314623 |
| [epidemiologic characteristics and the relationship with disease severity of respiratory syncytial virus genotypes from children with lower respiratory tract infection in the southern zhejiang province]. | to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subtypes and genotypes in southern zhejiang province, and to determine whether rsv genotypes are correlated with the disease severity of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti). | 2015 | 26310648 |
| intranasal nanoemulsion-based inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines protect against viral challenge in cotton rats. | respiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, the elderly and individuals with compromised immune systems. despite decades of research, there is currently no available vaccine for rsv. our group has previously demonstrated that intranasal immunization of mice with rsv inactivated by and adjuvanted with w805ec nanoemulsion elicits robust humoral and cellular immune responses, resulting in protection against rsv infection. this protection was achieved wi ... | 2015 | 26307915 |
| 4ebp1 is dephosphorylated by respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) requires protein biosynthesis machinery to generate progeny. there is evidence that rsv might alter some translation components since stress granules are formed in their host cells. consistent with these observations, we found that rsv induces dephosphorylation of 4ebp1 (eif4e-binding protein), an important cellular translation factor. our results show no correlation between the 4ebp1 dephosphorylation time and the decrease in the global rate of protein synthesi ... | 2015 | 26305094 |
| elevated il-3 and il-12p40 levels in the lower airway of infants with rsv-induced bronchiolitis correlate with recurrent wheezing. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the first cause of hospitalization due to bronchiolitis in infants. rsv bronchiolitis has been linked to asthma and recurrent wheezing, however the mechanisms behind this association have not been elucidated. here, we evaluated the cytokine and chemokine profiles in the airways in infants with rsv bronchiolitis. nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balf) from infants hospitalized due to rsv bronchiolitis and healthy controls were ... | 2015 | 26299549 |
| respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins 1 and 2 are crucial pathogenic factors that modulate interferon signaling and treg cell distribution in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural (ns) proteins 1 and 2 have multiple functions in suppressing the innate immune response and modulating t helper cell subset differentiation. however, little is known about the roles of ns proteins as independent virulence factors. we investigated the effects of recombinant ns1- and ns2-expressing plasmids on the pathogenesis of murine respiratory tissues and splenetic foxp3+ regulatory t (treg) cell distribution. both ns proteins caused weight loss ... | 2015 | 26298859 |
| assessment of a molecular diagnostic platform for integrated isolation and quantification of mrna in whole blood. | implementation of point-of-care tests may facilitate the health management of infectious diseases by reducing the timeframe on pathogen identification and host response measurements, allowing for immediate diagnosis and guided clinical intervention. in this feasibility study, a novel totally integrated and fully automated real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) platform (idylla™, biocartis) was assessed to determine the mrna expression levels of multiple genes from 1 ml of whole blood. to this ... | 2015 | 26298058 |
| cx3cr1 is an important surface molecule for respiratory syncytial virus infection in human airway epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children, and causes disease throughout life. understanding the biology of infection, including virus binding to the cell surface, should help develop antiviral drugs or vaccines. the rsv f and g glycoproteins bind cell surface heparin sulfate proteoglycans (hspgs) through heparin-binding domains. the g protein also has a cx3c chemokine motif which binds to the fractalkine receptor cx3cr ... | 2015 | 26297201 |
| interleukin-4 polymorphism is associated with severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major health problem in young children. this study aimed to investigate whether the interleukin (il)-4 -590c/t and -33 c/t polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility to rsv infection in chinese han children and with the severity of the infection. | 2016 | 26289664 |
| matrix metalloproteinase 9 exerts antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus. | increased lung levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9) are frequently observed during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and elevated mmp9 concentrations are associated with severe disease. however little is known of the functional role of mmp9 during lung infection with rsv. to determine whether mmp9 exerted direct antiviral potential, active mmp9 was incubated with rsv, which showed that mmp9 directly prevented rsv infectivity to airway epithelial cells. using knockout mice the ef ... | 2015 | 26284919 |
| neutrophils in respiratory syncytial virus infection: a target for asthma prevention. | lower respiratory tract infections by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the foremost cause of infant hospitalization and are implicated in lasting pulmonary impairment and the development of asthma. neutrophils infiltrate the airways of pediatric patients with rsv-induced bronchiolitis in vast numbers: approximately 80% of infiltrated cells are neutrophils. however, why neutrophils are recruited to the site of viral respiratory tract infection is not clear. in this review we discuss the bene ... | 2015 | 26277597 |
| use and interpretation of a rapid respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection test among infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit - wisconsin, march 2015. | on march 25, 2015, the wisconsin division of public health was notified of a possible respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection outbreak among infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). on march 23, the index patient (neonate a), aged 3 days, had feeding intolerance and apnea. a nasopharyngeal swab specimen collected from neonate a was tested using a single-manufacturer rapid rsv antigen detection test (rradt) at the hospital laboratory; the result was positive. the followi ... | 2015 | 26270063 |
| impact of human rhinovirus types and viral load on the severity of illness in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections. | human rhinovirus (hrv) is not only responsible for at least one-half of all common colds but also associated with bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and acute asthma exacerbation. however, the impact of different hrv types and viral load on disease severity has not been thoroughly elucidated. | 2015 | 26267309 |
| the role of th17 and treg responses in the pathogenesis of rsv infection. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) represents the leading cause of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children worldwide and is associated with high morbidity, hospitalization rate, and significant mortality rates. the immune response elicited by rsv is one of the main factors contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. two subsets of the cellular immune response, the t helper 17 cell (th17) and the regulatory t-cell (treg), and more particularly the balance between these two subsets, ... | 2015 | 26267154 |
| matrix metalloproteinase-9 mediates rsv infection in vitro and in vivo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human pathogen associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. the present study tested the hypothesis that rsv infection would increase matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9 expression, and that mmp-9 inhibition would decrease rsv replication both in vitro and in vivo. rsv a2 infection of human bronchial epithelial cells increased mmp-9 mrna and protein release. cells transfected with sirna against mmp-9 following rsv infection had lower viral t ... | 2015 | 26264019 |
| from bronchiolitis guideline to practice: a critical care perspective. | acute viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of admission to pediatric intensive care units, but research on the care of these critically ill infants has been limited. pathology of viral bronchiolitis revealed respiratory obstruction due to intraluminal debris and edema of the airways and vasculature. this and clinical evidence suggest that airway clearance interventions such as hypertonic saline nebulizers and pulmonary toilet devices may be of benefit, particularly in situations of atelectasis ... | 2015 | 26261767 |
| in silico structure-based design and synthesis of novel anti-rsv compounds. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause for respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. currently, no licensed vaccine or a selective antiviral drug against rsv infections are available. here, we describe a structure-based drug design approach that led to the synthesis of a novel series of zinc-ejecting compounds active against rsv replication. 30 compounds, sharing a common dithiocarbamate moiety, were designed and prepared to target the zinc finger motif of the m2-1 p ... | 2015 | 26259810 |
| a randomized, blinded, controlled, dose-ranging study of a respiratory syncytial virus recombinant fusion (f) nanoparticle vaccine in healthy women of childbearing age. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. a recombinant rsv fusion protein nanoparticle vaccine (rsv f vaccine) candidate for maternal immunization was tested for safety and immunogenicity in women of childbearing age. | 2016 | 26259809 |
| antibodies enhance cxcl10 production during rsv infection of infant and adult immune cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is a major burden in infants below three months of age, when the primary immune response is mainly dependent on innate immunity and maternal antibodies. we investigated the influence of antibodies on innate immunity during rsv infection. pbmcs from infants and adults were stimulated with live rsv and inactivated rsv in combination with antibody-containing and antibody-depleted serum. the immune response was determined by transcriptome analysis and ... | 2015 | 26253531 |
| alcohol during pregnancy worsens acute respiratory infections in children. | this study explored whether alcohol consumption during pregnancy increased the risk of life-threatening respiratory infections in children. | 2015 | 26249835 |
| the changing landscape of respiratory syncytial virus. | recognition of the acute and chronic burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) sparked a wave of initiatives to develop preventive and therapeutic products against the pathogen in recent years. rsv is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants in industrialized and developing countries, has been causally linked to recurrent wheezing during childhood, associated with pediatric asthma, and is an important cause of mortality in the first months of life ... | 2015 | 26247900 |
| impact of placental malaria and hypergammaglobulinemia on transplacental transfer of respiratory syncytial virus antibody in papua new guinea. | passively acquired respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) neutralizing antibody protects against rsv-associated lower respiratory infections, but placental malaria (pm) and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia might interfere with transplacental immunoglobulin transport. | 2016 | 26238686 |
| serious adverse events in the canadian registry of children receiving palivizumab (caress) for respiratory syncytial virus prevention. | to evaluate the safety and tolerability of palivizumab for rsv prophylaxis in high-risk children in everyday practice. | 2015 | 26237402 |
| epidemiological features of bronchiolitis in the pediatric clinic of clinical center of sarajevo university. | to present the epidemiological features of bronchiolitis in a one-year period in patients of pediatric clinic, clinical centre of sarajevo university. | 2015 | 26236159 |
| a metabolomics approach to studying the effects of jinxin oral liquid on rsv-infected mice using uplc/ltq-orbitrap mass spectrometry. | jinxin oral liquid (jol) is a traditional chinese medicine (tcm) formula modified from ma-xing-shi-gan-tang, an ancient formula widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma. in our previous studies, jol was shown to safely and effectively treat viral pneumonia, especially that involving respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2015 | 26234176 |
| association of respiratory picornaviruses with high acuity and severe illness in a pediatric health care system. | we aimed to determine the illness severity associated with respiratory picornaviruses (rhinovirus/enterovirus). | 2015 | 26231633 |
| morphogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus in human primary nasal ciliated epithelial cells occurs at surface membrane microdomains that are distinct from cilia. | the distribution of cilia and the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nucleocapsid (n) protein, fusion (f) protein, attachment (g) protein, and m2-1 protein in human ciliated nasal epithelial cells was examined at between 1 and 5 days post-infection (dpi). all virus structural proteins were localized at cell surface projections that were distinct from cilia. the f protein was also trafficked into the cilia, and while its presence increased as the infection proceeded, the n protein was not detected ... | 2015 | 26231613 |
| building a better neonatal mouse model to understand infant respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the number one cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants; and severe rsv infection in infants is associated with asthma development. today, there are still no vaccines or specific antiviral therapies against rsv. the mechanisms of rsv pathogenesis in infants remain elusive. this is partly due to the fact that the largely-used mouse model is semi-permissive for rsv. the present study sought to determine if a better neonatal mouse model of rsv infec ... | 2015 | 26231396 |
| hubs to spread technology and save lives. | the patent on an expensive preventive treatment for respiratory syncytial virus infections expires this year. a who technology transfer hub in the netherlands aims to help developing countries make the drug themselves. gary humphreys reports. | 2015 | 26229198 |
| short- and long-term pulmonary outcome of palivizumab in children born extremely prematurely. | palivizumab reduces the severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in premature infants, but whether there is a protective effect beyond the preschool age is unknown. this study sought to assess the short- and long-term effects of palivizumab immunization on respiratory morbidity and pulmonary function at school age in children born extremely prematurely. | 2016 | 26226546 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection inhibits tlr4 signaling via up-regulation of mir-26b. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illnesses in infants worldwide. tlr4 signal pathway plays a critical role in regulating immune response against rsv infection. however, the activation of tlr4 in rsv infection is still unclear. in present study, the expression levels of mir-26b and tlr4 mrna were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of children with or without rsv infected bronchiolitis. the expression levels of tlr4 and its downs ... | 2015 | 26222045 |
| does azithromycin modify viral load during severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis? | | 2015 | 26215052 |
| enhanced immunogenicity of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f subunit vaccine formulated with the adjuvant gla-se in cynomolgus macaques. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant disease in elderly adults, but an effective vaccine is not yet available. we have previously reported that vaccines consisting of engineered respiratory syncytial virus soluble fusion protein (rsv sf) adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid a (gla) in an oil-in-water emulsion (stable emulsion [se]) induce rsv f-specific t and b cell responses in mice and rats that protect from viral challenge. here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of gla-se adjuv ... | 2015 | 26206269 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-like nanoparticle vaccination induces long-term protection without pulmonary disease by modulating cytokines and t-cells partially through alveolar macrophages. | the mechanisms of protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are poorly understood. virus-like nanoparticles expressing rsv glycoproteins (eg, a combination of fusion and glycoprotein virus-like nanoparticles [fg vlps]) have been suggested to be a promising rsv vaccine candidate. to understand the roles of alveolar macrophages (ams) in inducing long-term protection, mice that were 12 months earlier vaccinated with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) or fg vlps were treated with clodronat ... | 2015 | 26203246 |
| [detection of respiratory syncytial virus in the conjunctiva of a child with bronchiolitis caused by this virus]. | | 2015 | 26200035 |
| innate and adaptive cellular phenotypes contributing to pulmonary disease in mice after respiratory syncytial virus immunization and infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major leading cause of infantile viral bronchiolitis. however, cellular phenotypes contributing to the rsv protection and vaccine-enhanced disease remain largely unknown. upon rsv challenge, we analyzed phenotypes and cellularity in the lung of mice that were naïve, immunized with formalin inactivated rsv (fi-rsv), or re-infected with rsv. in comparison with naïve and live rsv re-infected mice, the high levels of eosinophils, neutrophils, plasmacytoid and ... | 2015 | 26196232 |
| healthy late-preterm infants born 33-36+6 weeks gestational age have higher risk for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of hospitalization for children <1year old and is more severe in premature infants. | 2015 | 26186560 |
| low eosinophils during bronchiolitis in infancy are associated with lower risk of adulthood asthma. | infant bronchiolitis may be the first manifestation of asthma. | 2015 | 26186154 |
| leptin is oversecreted by respiratory syncytial virus-infected bronchial epithelial cells and regulates th2 and th17 cell differentiation. | infection of human bronchial epithelial cells (hbecs) with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been shown to induce a th lymphocyte subset drift, e.g. enhanced differentiation of th2 and th17 subsets, which is a classic characteristic of asthma. however, the molecules responsible for the drift in th subsets remain unknown. this study aims to determine the expression of leptin in rsv-infected hbecs, and its role in th2 and th17 cell differentiation and extracellular regulated kinase (erk) 1/2 p ... | 2015 | 26184438 |
| 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication and is targeted by the viral nonstructural protein 1. | 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein (oasl) is an interferon-inducible antiviral protein. here we describe differential inhibitory activities of human oasl and the two mouse oasl homologs against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication. interestingly, nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) of rsv promoted proteasome-dependent degradation of specific oasl isoforms. we conclude that oasl acts as a cellular antiviral protein and that rsv ns1 suppresses this function to evade cellular innate im ... | 2015 | 26178980 |
| risk of urinary tract infection in infants and children with acute bronchiolitis. | to estimate the prevalence of urinary tract infection in infants and children with bronchiolitis. | 2017 | 26175566 |
| respiratory syncytial virus is present in the neonatal intensive care unit. | nosocomial transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) occurs in children within the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). during peak community rsv transmission, three swabs were collected from the nose, hand and personal clothing of visitors and health care workers (hcw) in nicu once every week for eight weeks. nasal swabs were collected from every third neonate and from any neonate clinically suspected of having a respiratory infection. environmental sampling of high touch areas was done ... | 2016 | 26174559 |
| mammalian cell-derived respiratory syncytial virus-like particles protect the lower as well as the upper respiratory tract. | globally, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children less than one year of age and in usa alone, between 85,000 and 144,000 infants are hospitalized every year. to date, there is no licensed vaccine. we have evaluated vaccine potential of mammalian cell-derived native rsv virus-like particles (rsv vlps) composed of the two surface glycoproteins g and f, and the matrix protein m. results of in vitro testing showed that the vlps were functionall ... | 2015 | 26172453 |
| influence of respiratory viruses on the evaluation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine effectiveness in children under 5 years old: a time-series study for the 2001-2013 period. | s treptococcus pneumoniae is the main agent in bacterial consolidated pneumonias. in 2012, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was introduced in the argentine national immunization schedule for immunocompetent children as of two months old with a two-dose schedule plus a booster. | 2015 | 26172005 |
| [research progress in the f gene and protein of the respiratory syncytial virus]. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) belongs to the family paramyxoviridae and subfamily pneumovirinae. the rsv can cause acute infections of the lower respiratory tract in infants. the f gene of the rsv is a conservative gene and varies only slightly in its expression. few studies focusing on the variability of the f gene have been carried out. f protein (fusion glycoprotein) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates fusion and penetration between the virus and host cells. neutralizing ant ... | 2015 | 26164949 |
| olfactomedin 4 serves as a marker for disease severity in pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | respiratory viral infections follow an unpredictable clinical course in young children ranging from a common cold to respiratory failure. the transition from mild to severe disease occurs rapidly and is difficult to predict. the pathophysiology underlying disease severity has remained elusive. there is an urgent need to better understand the immune response in this disease to come up with biomarkers that may aid clinical decision making. | 2015 | 26162090 |
| sirtuin 1 regulates dendritic cell activation and autophagy during respiratory syncytial virus-induced immune responses. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children worldwide. sirtuin 1 (sirt1), an nad(+)-dependent deacetylase, has been associated with the induction of autophagy and the regulation of inflammatory mediators. we found that sirt1 was upregulated in mouse lung after rsv infection. infected animals that received ex-527, a selective sirt1 inhibitor, displayed exacerbated lung pathology, with increased mucus production, elevated viral load, and en ... | 2015 | 26157176 |
| respiratory syncytial virus utilizes a trna fragment to suppress antiviral responses through a novel targeting mechanism. | target identification is highly instructive in defining the biological roles of micrornas. however, little is known about other small noncoding rnas; for example, trna-derived rna fragments (trfs). some trfs exhibit a gene-silencing mechanism distinctly different from that of typical micrornas. we recently demonstrated that a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced trf, called trf5-gluctc, promotes rsv replication. rsv is the single most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in ... | 2015 | 26156244 |
| cell-contact dependent inhibition of monocytes by airway epithelial cells and reversion by infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | airway epithelial cells (aec) are the first line of defense against airborne infectious microbes and play an important role in regulating the local immune response. however, the interplay of epithelial cells and professional immune cells during both homeostasis and infection has only been partially studied. the present study was performed to determine how bronchial epithelial cells affect the activation of monocytes. under healthy conditions, aecs were shown to inhibit reactivity of monocytes. w ... | 2015 | 26153873 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in pediatric transplant recipients: a canadian paediatric surveillance program study. | the incidence and spectrum of severity of rsv infections in sot or hsct recipients is not known. from september 2010 through august 2013, pediatricians were surveyed monthly by the cpsp for sot or hsct recipients with rsv infection within two yr post-transplant. there were 24 completed case report forms that fit the inclusion criteria (10 hsct and 14 sot recipients). six of 24 cases (25%) remained outpatients, and 11 (46%) were managed on an inpatient ward, while seven (29%) required intensive c ... | 2015 | 26152857 |
| clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory virus infections in vietnamese children. | information about viral acute respiratory infections (aris) is essential for prevention, diagnosis and treatment, but it is limited in tropical developing countries. this study described the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of aris in children hospitalized in vietnam. nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children with aris at ho chi minh city children's hospital 2 between april 2010 and may 2011 in order to detect respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction. viruses were f ... | 2016 | 26145204 |
| estimating the contribution of influenza to hospitalisations in new zealand from 1994 to 2008. | influenza has a substantially but poorly measured impact on population health. estimating its true contribution to hospitalisations remains a challenge. | 2015 | 26143611 |
| evaluation of a new rapid diagnostic test for the detection of influenza and rsv. | influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause an acute respiratory disease that occurs seasonally in epidemic waves. this retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the sofia(®) influenza a+b and the sofia(®) rsv fluorescence immunoassays (fias), two novel rapid detection tests (rdts) for influenza a and b and rsv. | 2016 | 26139303 |
| viral load in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis correlates with recurrent wheezing at thirty-six-month follow-up. | the relationship between viral infection, host immune response in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing is discussed. we measured rsv-rna load and interferon-λ1-3 expression in the nasopharyngeal washings from 68 infants hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis, and wheezing was assessed 36 months after the first episode of bronchiolitis. higher rsv-rna load and higher interferon-λ2/3 levels were found in children with recurrent wheezing at 36-month follo ... | 2015 | 26132826 |
| effect of prophylactic palivizumab on admission due to respiratory syncytial virus infection in former very low birth weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | the aim of this study was to observe the effects of prophylactic palivizumab on hospitalization secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection (rsvhospitalization) in former very low birth weight infants (vlbwi) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd). this study also sought to identify the risk factors of rsvhospitalizationin this particular infant population. a prospective observational study was conducted between september 2007 and april 2008 in seven korean hospitals. children with a ... | 2015 | 26130956 |
| a respiratory syncytial virus persistent-infected cell line system reveals the involvement of socs1 in the innate antiviral response. | hep-2 cells persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are a heterogeneous mixture of viral antigen-positive and -negative variants; however, the mechanism through which viral replication becomes latent remains unclear. in this study, we investigated the potential mechanism by which rsv escapes from innate immune surveillance. persistent-infected rsv hep-2 cells were isolated and cell clones were passaged. the rsv-persistent cells produced viruses at a lower titer, resisted wil ... | 2015 | 26122642 |
| clinical endpoints for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis trials in infants and children in high-income and middle-income countries. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) continues to cause significant clinical and economic burden around the world. historically, rsv-associated hospitalization was used as a primary endpoint for rsv prophylaxis trials in infants. however, because of the changing epidemiology and healthcare system landscape, this endpoint has become a critical bottleneck on the pathway to licensure for new therapeutics. a panel of 7 rsv experts was convened (chicago, il, may 22, 2014) to evaluate the challenges of d ... | 2015 | 26121204 |
| detection of multiple respiratory viruses associated with mortality and severity of illness in children. | respiratory viral infection is a common source of morbidity and mortality in children. coinfection with multiple viruses occurs frequently; however, the clinical significance of concomitant viral pathogens is unclear. we hypothesized that presence of more than one respiratory virus is associated with increased morbidity and mortality when compared with children with a single respiratory virus. | 2015 | 26121097 |
| new insights on the viral and host factors contributing to the airway pathogenesis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most prevalent etiological agent of lower respiratory tract infections and the first cause of hospitalization in infants due to respiratory disease worldwide. however, efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines and antivirals have been challenged by an incomplete understanding of the rsv pathogenesis and the host immune response to rsv infection in the airways. here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the interaction between rsv and the e ... | 2016 | 26119025 |
| human rhinovirus infections in hospitalized children: clinical, epidemiological and virological features. | molecular epidemiology and clinical impact of human rhinovirus (hrv) are not well documented in tropical regions. this study compared the clinical characteristics of hrv to other common viral infections and investigated the molecular epidemiology of hrv in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections (aris) in vietnam. from april 2010 to may 2011, 1082 nasopharyngeal swabs were screened for respiratory viruses by pcr. vp4/vp2 sequences of hrv were further characterized. hrv was the mo ... | 2016 | 26112743 |
| recombinant soluble respiratory syncytial virus f protein that lacks heptad repeat b, contains a gcn4 trimerization motif and is not cleaved displays prefusion-like characteristics. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein f is considered an attractive vaccine candidate especially in its prefusion conformation. we studied whether recombinant soluble rsv f proteins could be stabilized in a prefusion-like conformation by mutation of heptad repeat b (hrb). the results show that soluble, trimeric, non-cleaved rsv f protein, produced by expression of the furin cleavage site-mutated f ectodomain extended with a gcn4 trimerization sequence, is efficiently recognized by ... | 2015 | 26107504 |
| cx3cr1 is expressed in differentiated human ciliated airway cells and co-localizes with respiratory syncytial virus on cilia in a g protein-dependent manner. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the principal cause of bronchiolitis in infants and a significant healthcare problem. the rsv glycoprotein (g) mediates attachment of the virus to the cell membrane, which facilitates interaction of the rsv fusion (f) protein with nucleolin, thereby triggering fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. however, a host protein ligand for g has not yet been identified. here we show that cx3cr1 is expressed in the motile cilia of differentiated human airway epi ... | 2015 | 26107373 |
| prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection: from vaccine to antibody. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. initial efforts to develop a vaccine to prevent rsv lower respiratory tract disease in children were halted because of serious adverse events that occurred when children were infected with rsv following vaccination, including vaccine-related deaths. subsequently, a major focus for researchers was to understand what led to these adverse events. investment in a vaccine for rsv c ... | 2014 | 26104207 |
| who consultation on respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development report from a world health organization meeting held on 23-24 march 2015. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a globally prevalent cause of lower respiratory infection in neonates and infants. despite its disease burden, a safe and effective rsv vaccine has remained elusive. in recent years, improved understanding of rsv biology and innovations in immunogen design has resulted in the advancement of multiple vaccine candidates into the clinical development pipeline. given the growing number of vaccines in clinical trials, the rapid pace at which they are being tested, ... | 2016 | 26100926 |
| comparison of the conventional multiplex rt-pcr, real time rt-pcr and luminex xtag® rvp fast assay for the detection of respiratory viruses. | detection of respiratory viruses using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is sensitive, specific and cost effective, having huge potential for patient management. in this study, the performance of an in-house developed conventional multiplex rt-pcr (mrt-pcr), real time rt-pcr (rtrt-pcr) and luminex xtag(®) rvp fast assay (luminex diagnostics, toronto, canada) for the detection of respiratory viruses was compared. a total 310 respiratory clinical specimens predominantly from pediatric patients, refe ... | 2016 | 26100490 |
| human bocavirus infection as a cause of severe acute respiratory tract infection in children. | in 2005 human bocavirus (hbov) was discovered in respiratory tract samples of children. the role of hbov as the single causative agent for respiratory tract infections remains unclear. detection of hbov in children with respiratory disease is frequently in combination with other viruses or bacteria. we set up an algorithm to study whether hbov alone can cause severe acute respiratory tract infection (sari) in children. the algorithm was developed to exclude cases with no other likely cause than ... | 2015 | 26100374 |
| a cysteine zipper stabilizes a pre-fusion f glycoprotein vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus. | recombinant subunit vaccines should contain minimal non-pathogen motifs to reduce potential off-target reactivity. we recently developed a vaccine antigen against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which comprised the fusion (f) glycoprotein stabilized in its pre-fusion trimeric conformation by "ds-cav1" mutations and by an appended c-terminal trimerization motif or "foldon" from t4-bacteriophage fibritin. here we investigate the creation of a cysteine zipper to allow for the removal of the phag ... | 2015 | 26098893 |
| multicenter evaluation of bd veritor system and rsv k-set for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in a diagnostic laboratory setting. | the recently introduced bd veritor system rsv laboratory kit (becton dickinson, sparks, md, usa) with automatic reading was evaluated and compared with the rsv k-set (coris bioconcept, gembloux, belgium) for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using 248 nasopharyngeal aspirates of children younger than 6 years old with respiratory tract infection. compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction as gold standard, both tests had an identical sensitivity of 78.1% and a sp ... | 2015 | 26092509 |
| impact of formulation and particle size on stability and immunogenicity of oil-in-water emulsion adjuvants. | oil-in-water emulsions have gained consideration as vaccine adjuvants in recent years due to their ability to elicit a differentiated immunogenic response compared to traditional aluminum salt adjuvants. squalene, a cholesterol precursor, is a natural product with immunostimulatory properties, making it an ideal candidate for such oil-in-water emulsions. particle size is a key parameter of these emulsions and its relationship to stability and adjuvanticity has not been extensively studied. this ... | 2015 | 26090563 |
| rsv-induced h3k4 demethylase kdm5b leads to regulation of dendritic cell-derived innate cytokines and exacerbates pathogenesis in vivo. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can result in severe disease partially due to its ability to interfere with the initiation of th1 responses targeting the production of type i interferons (ifn) and promoting a th2 immune environment. epigenetic modulation of gene transcription has been shown to be important in regulating inflammatory pathways. rsv-infected bone marrow-derived dcs (bmdcs) upregulated expression of kdm5b/jarid1b h3k4 demethylase. kdm5b-specific sirna inhibition in bmdc ... | 2015 | 26083387 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: more than a pediatric infection. | | 2015 | 26083298 |
| respiratory viruses associated with community-acquired pneumonia in children: matched case-control study. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is the leading cause of death in children worldwide and a substantial proportion of childhood cap is caused by viruses. a better understanding of the role of virus infections in this condition is needed to improve clinical management and preventive measures. the aim of the study was therefore to assess the association between specific respiratory viruses and childhood cap. | 2015 | 26077969 |
| efficacy and safety of laggera pterodonta in children 3-24 months with acute bronchiolitis: a randomized controlled trial. | laggera pterodonta, a traditional chinese medicine, has been commonly used in respiratory tract infections for more than hundreds of years without any randomized controlled trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety. | 2017 | 26076757 |
| biomarkers of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection: specific neutrophil and cytokine levels provide increased accuracy in predicting disease severity. | despite fundamental advances in the research on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) since its initial identification almost 60 years ago, recurring failures in developing vaccines and pharmacologic strategies effective in controlling the infection have allowed rsv to become a leading cause of global infant morbidity and mortality. indeed, the burden of this infection on families and health care organizations worldwide continues to escalate and its financial costs are growing. furthermore, strong e ... | 2015 | 26074450 |
| ige anti-respiratory syncytial virus antibodies detected in serum of pediatric patients with asthma. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children, and is a public health concern, as is the increase in pediatric asthma. respiratory viral infections may trigger asthma exacerbations. however, it remains unknown whether rsv infection may have a specific association with asthma. total serum ige, and ige- and igg-anti-rsv ab responses were studied in older asthmatic compared with non-asthmatic children (m/f, mean age: 14) (n=30, n=43, respecti ... | 2015 | 26074414 |
| infants born before 32 weeks of gestation or with respiratory disease are most likely to receive palivizumab in the netherlands. | palivizumab is reported to be effective in reducing respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation. its licensed uses include infants younger than six months of age, born before 35 weeks of gestation or under two years old with congenital heart disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. we redressed lack of research in the netherlands by studying whether infants who met the licensed indications received the drug. | 2015 | 26073782 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection down-regulates antioxidant enzyme expression by triggering deacetylation-proteasomal degradation of nrf2. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of viral acute respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in children, for which no vaccine or treatment is available. rsv infection in cells, mice, and children leads to rapid generation of reactive oxygen species, which are associated with oxidative stress and lung damage, due to a significant decrease in the expression of airway antioxidant enzymes (aoes). oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rsv-i ... | 2015 | 26073125 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection increases chlorine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. | exposure to chlorine (cl2) damages airway and alveolar epithelia resulting in acute lung injury and reactive airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) to methacholine. however, little is known about the effect of preexisting respiratory disease on cl2-induced lung injury. by using a murine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection model, we found that preexisting rsv infection increases cl2 (187 ppm for 30 min)-induced lung inflammation and airway ahr at 24 h after exposure (5 days after infection). rs ... | 2015 | 26071553 |
| hypertonic saline for bronchiolitis in infants. | recently, a 1-year-old patient returned from admission in the hospital for bronchiolitis, and the report i received indicated that he was treated with inhaled hypertonic saline, among other treatments. is this therapy recommended for children in the acute care setting? | 2015 | 26071156 |
| novel antigens for rsv vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a leading global cause of infant mortality and adult morbidity. infection, which recurs throughout life, elicits only short-lived immunity. the development of a safe and efficacious vaccine has, thus far, been elusive. recent technological advances, however, have yielded promising rsv vaccine candidates that are based on solving atomic-level structures of surface glycoproteins interacting with neutralizing antibodies. the class i fusion glycoprotein, f, ... | 2015 | 26070108 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid-organ transplantation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), one of the most common causes of respiratory infections in immunocompetent individuals, can cause significant pulmonary morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell (hsct) and less often in solid-organ transplant recipients. early diagnosis and medical intervention prior to the progression from upper to lower respiratory tract viral involvement is essential to positively affect the clinical course. the greatest risk of disease progression from upper to lo ... | 2015 | 26068871 |
| eighteen years of respiratory syncytial virus surveillance: changes in seasonality and hospitalization rates in southwestern alaska native children. | alaska native infants from the yukon-kuskokwim delta (ykd) experienced respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rates 5 times higher and an rsv season twice as long as the general us infant population. we describe trends in hospitalization rates and seasonality during 18 years of continuous rsv surveillance in this population and explore contributions of climate and sociodemographic factors. | 2015 | 26065863 |
| immunological, viral, environmental, and individual factors modulating lung immune response to respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus is a worldwide pathogen agent responsible for frequent respiratory tract infections that may become severe and potentially lethal in high risk infants and adults. several studies have been performed to investigate the immune response that determines the clinical course of the infection. in the present paper, we review the literature on viral, environmental, and host factors influencing virus response; the mechanisms of the immune response; and the action of nonimmunol ... | 2015 | 26064963 |
| trends of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children under 2 years of age in puerto rico. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most significant viral pathogen causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, today. in tropical climates the rsv infection may occur throughout the year. the purpose of this study was to asses rsv infections during the 2009‒2010 rsv season in children under 2 years of age and to evaluate the trend of positive rsv tests in the period of 2007 to 2009. | 2015 | 26061061 |
| adult patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection: impact of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on outcomes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common community-acquired pathogen responsible for a substantial disease burden in adults. we investigated the outcomes after rsv infection in hospitalized adults over a 3-year period. | 2015 | 26059180 |
| the danish national prescription registry in studies of a biological pharmaceutical: palivizumab - validation against two external data sources. | national prescription databases are important tools in pharmacoepidemiological studies investigating potential long-term adverse events after drug use. palivizumab is a biological pharmaceutical used as passive prophylaxis against severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk children. | 2015 | 26056490 |
| characteristics and their clinical relevance of respiratory syncytial virus types and genotypes circulating in northern italy in five consecutive winter seasons. | in order to investigate the genetic diversity and patterns of the co-circulating genotypes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and their possible relationships with the severity of rsv infection, we studied all of the rsv-positive nasopharyngeal samples collected from children during five consecutive winters (2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and 2013-2014). the rsvs were detected using the respiratory virus panel fast assay and single-tube rt-pcr, their nucleotides were sequenced, and ... | 2015 | 26047100 |
| natural helper cells contribute to pulmonary eosinophilia by producing il-13 via il-33/st2 pathway in a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | it has been reported that natural helper cells, which are a non-t, non-b innate lymphoid cell type expressing c-kit and st2, mediate influenza-induced airway hyper-reactivity by producing substantial il-13. however, little is known about natural helper cells for the development of rsv-induced airway inflammation, particularly eosinophilic infiltration. by using balb/c mice that were infected intranasally with rsv, it became clear that infection with rsv can induce an increase in the absolute num ... | 2015 | 26044350 |
| resveratrol suppresses persistent airway inflammation and hyperresponsivess might partially via nerve growth factor in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is involved in persistent and recurrent wheezing. there are no effective and safe drugs for the sequelae of persistent wheezing after early bronchiolitis. in this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on persistent airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) induced by rsv infection. rsv-infected mice were sacrificed at serial time points after infection to collect samples and measure the number of inflammatory cells and levels ... | 2015 | 26044349 |
| incidence, risk factors and hospital burden in children under five years of age hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are among the most common lower respiratory tract infections in infants, but few studies have determined the age-specific incidence of hospitalisation in defined populations. this study gathered swedish data on rsv in gothenburg and its 10 surrounding municipalities from 2004 to 2011. | 2015 | 26036725 |
| objectives, design and enrollment results from the infant susceptibility to pulmonary infections and asthma following rsv exposure study (inspire). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lri) during infancy has been consistently associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. in addition, evidence supports that this relationship is causal. however, the mechanisms through which rsv contributes to asthma development are not understood. the inspire (infant susceptibility to pulmonary infections and asthma following rsv exposure) study objectives are to: 1) characterize the host phenotypic response to rsv in ... | 2015 | 26021723 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children up to 5 years of age in spain: epidemiology and comorbidities: an observational study. | this epidemiological survey in spain estimates the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children up to 5 year of age during a 15-year period (1997-2011). observational retrospective survey was conducted by reviewing data of the national surveillance system for hospital data, including >98% of spanish hospitals. all hospitalizations related to rsv infection for children up to 5 years, reported during 1997-2011 period, were analyzed. codes were selected by using the internation ... | 2015 | 26020386 |
| functional analysis of the 60-nucleotide duplication in the respiratory syncytial virus buenos aires strain attachment glycoprotein. | there are two subgroups of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a and b, and within each subgroup, isolates are further divided into clades. several years ago, multiple subgroup b isolates which contained a duplication of 60 nucleotides in the glycoprotein (g) gene were described. these isolates were given a new clade designation of ba based on the site of isolation, buenos aires, argentina. ba rsv strains have since become the predominant circulating clade of rsv b viruses. we hypothesized that t ... | 2015 | 26018171 |
| [prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized children at a children's hospital and effects of climate change on the prevalence in suzhou, china]. | to investigate the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in hospitalized children and the relationship between the prevalence and the climate change in suzhou, china. | 2015 | 26014700 |
| antiviral activity of tmc353121, a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitor, in a non-human primate model. | the study assessed the antiviral activity of tmc353121, a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion inhibitor, in a preclinical non-human primate challenge model with a viral shedding pattern similar to that seen in humans, following continuous infusion (ci). | 2015 | 26010881 |
| risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization during the first year of life in a multicenter italian birth cohort. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the main causes of respiratory infections during the first year of life. very premature infants may contract more severe diseases and 'late preterm infants' may also be more susceptible to the infection. the aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for hospitalization during the first year of life in children born at different gestational ages in italy. | 2015 | 26006025 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor az-27 differentially inhibits different polymerase activities at the promoter. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pediatric respiratory disease. rsv has an rna-dependent rna polymerase that transcribes and replicates the viral negative-sense rna genome. the large polymerase subunit (l) has multiple enzymatic activities, having the capability to synthesize rna and add and methylate a cap on each of the viral mrnas. previous studies (h. xiong et al., bioorg med chem lett, 23:6789-6793, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.018; c. l. tiong-yip ... | 2015 | 25995255 |
| nk cell immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants. reduced numbers of nk cells have been reported in infants with severe rsv infection; however, the precise role of nk cells during acute rsv infection is unclear. in this study the nk and t cell phenotypes, lilrb1 gene polymorphisms and kir genotypes of infants hospitalized with rsv infection were analyzed. compared to controls, infants with acute rsv infection showed a higher proportion ... | 2015 | 25988502 |
| estimating the hospitalization burden associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in new york city, 2003-2011. | hospitalization burden associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is uncertain due to ambiguity in the inference methodologies employed for its estimation. | 2015 | 25980600 |
| discovery of β-d-2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-4'-α-cyano-5-aza-7,9-dideaza adenosine as a potent nucleoside inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus with excellent selectivity over mitochondrial rna and dna polymerases. | novel 4'-substituted β-d-2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro (2'd2'f) nucleoside inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are reported. the introduction of 4'-substitution onto 2'd2'f nucleoside analogs resulted in compounds demonstrating potent cell based rsv inhibition, improved inhibition of the rsv polymerase by the nucleoside triphosphate metabolites, and enhanced selectivity over incorporation by mitochondrial rna and dna polymerases. selectivity over the mitochondrial polymerases was found to be ... | 2015 | 25978965 |