| digest this! a role for autophagy in controlling pathogens. | autophagy provides a mechanism for cells to conserve nutrients, but was recently associated with immunity to intracellular pathogens. here, zhao et al. (2008) present direct in vivo evidence that autophagy is linked to macrophage control of toxoplasma gondii and listeria monocytogenes and highlights that this process intersects with cytokine-mediated antimicrobial responses. | 2008 | 18996340 |
| autophagosome-independent essential function for the autophagy protein atg5 in cellular immunity to intracellular pathogens. | the physiologic importance of autophagy proteins for control of mammalian bacterial and parasitic infection in vivo is unknown. using mice with granulocyte- and macrophage-specific deletion of the essential autophagy protein atg5, we show that atg5 is required for in vivo resistance to the intracellular pathogens listeria monocytogenes and toxoplasma gondii. in primary macrophages, atg5 was required for interferongamma (ifn-gamma)/lps-induced damage to the t. gondii parasitophorous vacuole membr ... | 2008 | 18996346 |
| evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the acetone extract of the lichen ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid, norstictic acid, and protocetraric acid constituents. | the acetone extract of the lichen ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid constituent showed antimicrobial activity against bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, yersinia enterocolitica, candida albicans, and candida glabrata. norstictic acid was active against aeromonas hydrophila as well as the above microorganisms except yersinia enterocolitica. protocetraric acid showed activity only against the tested yeasts candida alb ... | 2004 | 18998406 |
| microbial quality control of raw ground beef and fresh sausage in casablanca (morocco). | in this study, samples of raw ground beef (n = 150) and fresh sausage (n = 100) were collected randomly from butcheries, supermarkets, and fast-food shops, in casablanca, morocco. two types of meat product samples were considered, one with spices (n = 115) and other without spices (n = 135). all the samples were analyzed for the presence of the following bacteria: escherichia coli, staphylococcus, clostridium perfringens, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes. e. coli strains were further typed ... | 2008 | 19004395 |
| single pre-exposure to a high dose of zymosan enhances lung defense mechanisms and accelerates the pulmonary clearance of a bacterial pathogen in rats. | the present study examines the effects of pre-exposure to zymosan (a 1 --> 3-beta-glucan from baker yeast) on lung defense against bacterial infection. rats received a single dose of zymosan a (0.6, 1.2, or 2.5 mg/kg body weight [bw]) or vehicle control (saline) via intratracheal instillation 3 days prior to intratracheal inoculation with 5 x 10(5) listeria monocytogenes. left lungs were homogenized and cultured to assess bacterial clearance, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on the right ... | 2008 | 19005921 |
| coordinating innate immune cells to optimize microbial killing. | the mechanisms underlying innate immune cell trafficking and activation during infection remain incompletely defined. in this issue of immunity, kang et al. (2008) begin to reveal the cytokine and chemokine cascades that coordinate cellular responses induced by microbial pathogens. | 2008 | 19006691 |
| regulation of hierarchical clustering and activation of innate immune cells by dendritic cells. | an early granulomatous response, characterized by collections of white blood cells at foci surrounding pathogens, occurs after infection by many intracellular organisms, including listeria, but how these clusters become organized and for what purpose remain poorly understood. here, we showed that dendritic cell (dc) activation by listeria nucleated rapid clustering of innate cells, including granulocytes, natural killer (nk) cells, and monocytes, to sites of bacteria propagation where interleuki ... | 2008 | 19006696 |
| [nosocomial infection caused by listeria monocytogenes in a patient with a lung transplant]. | | 2008 | 19007574 |
| ccpc-dependent regulation of citrate synthase gene expression in listeria monocytogenes. | citrate synthase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid branch of the krebs cycle, was shown to be required for de novo synthesis of glutamate and glutamine in listeria monocytogenes. the citrate synthase (citz) gene was found to be part of a complex operon with the upstream genes lmo1569 and lmo1568. the downstream isocitrate dehydrogenase (citc) gene appears to be part of the same operon as well. two promoters were shown to drive citz expression, a distal promoter locate ... | 2009 | 19011028 |
| modeling the growth/no-growth boundaries of postprocessing listeria monocytogenes contamination on frankfurters and bologna treated with lactic acid. | this study developed models to predict lactic acid concentration, dipping time, and storage temperature combinations determining growth/no-growth interfaces of listeria monocytogenes at desired probabilities on bologna and frankfurters. l. monocytogenes was inoculated on bologna and frankfurters, and 75 combinations of lactic acid concentrations, dipping times, and storage temperatures were tested. samples were stored in vacuum packages for up to 60 days, and bacterial populations were enumerate ... | 2009 | 19011067 |
| virulent bacteriophage for efficient biocontrol of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods. | food-borne listeria monocytogenes is a serious threat to human health, and new strategies to combat this opportunistic pathogen in foods are needed. bacteriophages are natural enemies of bacteria and are suitable candidates for the environmentally friendly biocontrol of these pathogens. in a comprehensive set of experiments, we have evaluated the virulent, broad-host-range phages a511 and p100 for control of l. monocytogenes strains scott a (serovar 4b) and wslc 1001 (serovar 1/2a) in different ... | 2009 | 19011076 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance of foodborne listeria monocytogenes. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of 120 listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food and food-processing environments to 19 antibiotics currently used in veterinary and human therapy. susceptibility tests were performed by using the automated vitek2 system. apart from penicillin, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, for which clinical breakpoints for listeria susceptibility testing are defined according to the clinical and laboratory standard institute ... | 2009 | 19012982 |
| the antimicrobial efficacy and structure activity relationship of novel carbohydrate fatty acid derivatives against listeria spp. and food spoilage microorganisms. | novel mono-substituted carbohydrate fatty acid (cfa) esters and ethers were investigated for their antibacterial activity against a range of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria focussing on listeria monocytogenes. carbohydrate derivatives with structural differences enable comparative studies on the structure/activity relationship for antimicrobial efficacy and mechanism of action. the antimicrobial efficacy of the synthesized compounds was compared with commercially available compounds such as mon ... | 2009 | 19012983 |
| contributions of six lineage-specific internalin-like genes to invasion efficiency of listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes strains are divided into at least three lineages, which seem to differ in virulence. internalins are surface-attached or secreted proteins that encode leucine-rich repeats, and l. monocytogenes encodes species-specific as well as lineage-specific internalin and internalin-like genes. internalins a and b have previously been shown to be critical for l. monocytogenes host cell invasion. transcription of selected internalins is regulated by the virulence gene regulator prfa a ... | 2009 | 19014275 |
| the proinflammatory cytokine-induced irg1 protein associates with mitochondria. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) are essential cytokines for successful clearance of microbial infections. activation of macrophages by synergistic effects of these cytokines leads to induction of antimicrobial effector systems like reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen intermediates. strikingly, ifn-gammar(-/-) and tnfrp55(-/-) mice are considerably more susceptible to infections than inducible nitric oxide synthase(-/-) and p47phox(-/-) mice. thus we applied transcr ... | 2009 | 19014335 |
| short-term genome evolution of listeria monocytogenes in a non-controlled environment. | while increasing data on bacterial evolution in controlled environments are available, our understanding of bacterial genome evolution in natural environments is limited. we thus performed full genome analyses on four listeria monocytogenes, including human and food isolates from both a 1988 case of sporadic listeriosis and a 2000 listeriosis outbreak, which had been linked to contaminated food from a single processing facility. all four isolates had been shown to have identical subtypes, sugges ... | 2008 | 19014550 |
| a small-molecule screen identifies the antipsychotic drug pimozide as an inhibitor of listeria monocytogenes infection. | we developed a screening procedure to identify small-molecule compounds that altered infection by listeria monocytogenes to gain insights into bacterial/host cellular processes required for intracellular pathogenesis. a small-molecule library of 480 compounds with known biological functions was screened, and 21 compounds that altered the l. monocytogenes infection of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmm) were identified. the identified compounds affected various cellular functions, such a ... | 2009 | 19015342 |
| tnf receptor-associated factor 5 is required for optimal t cell expansion and survival in response to infection. | receptors belonging to the tnf-receptor (tnf-r) superfamily include important costimulatory molecules, many of which specifically affect t cell activation. tnf receptor-associated factors (trafs) are recruited to many tnf-r superfamily members and are important modulators of the proximal signaling events that occur at the time of receptor engagement and activation. traf5 has been shown to be a positive regulator of a number of these receptors that are involved in t cell costimulation. however, t ... | 2008 | 19017969 |
| cancer immunotherapy using listeria monocytogenes and listerial virulence factors. | our laboratory is interested in how immunogenicity may be modulated in vivo in order to better design more effective immunotherapeutics against cancer. our main approach is to use a facultative intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes, which has the unusual ability to live and grow in the cytoplasm of the cell and is thus an excellent vector for targeting passenger antigens to the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i pathway of antigen processing with the generation of authentic ... | 2008 | 19018479 |
| divercin v41 from gene characterization to food applications: 1998-2008, a decade of solved and unsolved questions. | the emergence of an increasing number of antibiotic resistant human clinical bacteria has been a great cause of concern for the last decades. as an example, staphylococcus aureus isolates in the hospital environment are becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics including vancomycin which is considered as a last line of defence in treatment of staphylococcus aureus-resistant methicillin. on the other hand, food safety is threatened by development of pathogenic bacteria including listeria mo ... | 2009 | 19018960 |
| signalling mechanisms for toll-like receptor-activated neutrophil exocytosis: key roles for interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase-4 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase but not toll/il-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing adaptor inducing ifn-beta (trif). | lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulates exocytosis in neutrophils. the signalling molecules involved in the regulation of this mechanism are currently unknown. using neutrophils from interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase (irak)-4- and toll/il-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing adaptor inducing ifn-beta (trif)-deficient mice, we dissected the signalling pathways that control exocytosis. we analysed exocytosis of peroxidase-negative and azurophilic granules by following the mobilization of the beta ... | 2009 | 19019092 |
| fractional differential equations based modeling of microbial survival and growth curves: model development and experimental validation. | a fractional differential equations (fdes)-based theory involving 1- and 2-term equations was developed to predict the nonlinear survival and growth curves of foodborne pathogens. it is interesting to note that the solution of 1-term fde leads to the weibull model. nonlinear regression (gauss-newton method) was performed to calculate the parameters of the 1-term and 2-term fdes. the experimental inactivation data of salmonella cocktail in ground turkey breast, ground turkey thigh, and pork shoul ... | 2008 | 19019113 |
| evaluation of antibacterial activity of whey protein isolate coating incorporated with nisin, grape seed extract, malic acid, and edta on a turkey frankfurter system. | the effectiveness of whey protein isolate (wpi) coatings incorporated with grape seed extract (gse), nisin (n), malic acid (ma), and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (edta) and their combinations to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes, e. coli o157:h7, and salmonella typhimurium were evaluated in a turkey frankfurter system through surface inoculation (approximately 10(6) cfu/g) of pathogens. the inoculated frankfurters were dipped into wpi film forming solutions both with and without t ... | 2008 | 19019119 |
| antibacterial activity of ozone-depolymerized crawfish chitosan. | antimicrobial activities of chitosan samples with different molecular weights (1333, 432, 201, 131, and 104 kda) prepared by ozone treatment were examined against 2 gram-positive bacteria (listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus) and 2 gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli and pseudomonas fluorescen) to investigate the effect of chitosan's molecular weight and concentration on the inhibition of bacterial growth. antimicrobial activity of chitosan varied depending on the molecular wei ... | 2008 | 19019121 |
| the pta-acka pathway controlling acetyl phosphate levels and the phosphorylation state of the degu orphan response regulator both play a role in regulating listeria monocytogenes motility and chemotaxis. | degu is considered to be an orphan response regulator in listeria monocytogenes since the gene encoding the cognate histidine kinase degs is absent from the genome. we have previously shown that degu is involved in motility, chemotaxis and biofilm formation and contributes to l. monocytogenes virulence. here, we have investigated the role of degu phosphorylation in listeria and shown that degs of bacillus subtilis can phosphorylate degu of l. monocytogenes in vitro. we introduced the b. subtilis ... | 2008 | 19019159 |
| construction and characterization of an attenuated listeria monocytogenes strain for clinical use in cancer immunotherapy. | listeria monocytogenes has been exploited previously as a vaccine vector for the delivery of heterologous proteins such as tumor-specific antigens for active cancer immunotherapy. however, for effective use of live vector in clinics, safety is a major concern. in the present study, we describe an irreversibly attenuated and highly immunogenic l. monocytogenes platform, the l. monocytogenes dal-, dat-, and acta-deleted strain that expresses the human prostate-specific antigen (psa) using an antib ... | 2009 | 19020110 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on stored iceberg lettuce by aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment. | inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in iceberg lettuce by aqueous chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) treatment was evaluated. iceberg lettuce samples were inoculated with approximately 7 log cfu/g of e. coli o157:h7, s. typhimurium, and l. monocytogenes. iceberg lettuce samples were then treated with 0, 5, 10, or 50 ppm clo(2) solution and stored at 4 degrees c. aqueous clo(2) treatment significantly decreased the populations of pathogenic bacteria ... | 2008 | 19021812 |
| image analysis based quantification of bacterial volume change with high hydrostatic pressure. | scanning electron microscopy (sem) images of staphylococcus aureus 485 and escherichia coli o157:h7 933 were taken after pressure treatments at 200 to 400 mpa. software developed for this purpose was used to analyze sem images and to calculate the change in view area and volume of cells. significant increase in average cell view area and volume for s. aureus 485 was observed in response to pressure treatment at 400 mpa. cell view area for e. coli o157:h7 933 significantly increased at 325 mpa, t ... | 2008 | 19021813 |
| evaluation of changes in listeria monocytogenes populations on frankfurters at different stages from manufacturing to consumption. | this study evaluated the fate of inoculated listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters stored under conditions simulating those that may be encountered between manufacturing and consumption. frankfurters with or without 1.5% potassium lactate and 0.1% sodium diacetate (pl/sd) were inoculated (1.8 +/- 0.1 log cfu/cm(2)) with a 10-strain composite of l. monocytogenes, vacuum-packaged, and stored under conditions simulating predistribution storage (24 h, 4 degrees c), temperature abuse during transport ... | 2008 | 19021814 |
| antilisterial activity of hops beta acids in broth with or without other antimicrobials. | hops beta acids (hba) are parts of hops flowers used to preserve wort and provide flavor in beer, and are reported as having antimicrobial properties. this study evaluated the antilisterial activity of hba alone or in combination with other known antimicrobials in a culture broth medium. listeria monocytogenes (10-strain mixture) was inoculated (2.6 to 2.8 log cfu/ml) into tryptic soy broth supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract (tsbye) without (control) or with hba (0.5 to 5.0 microg/ml), potassi ... | 2008 | 19021815 |
| effect of treating lettuce surfaces with acidulants on the behaviour of listeria monocytogenes during storage at 5 and 20 degrees c and subsequent exposure to simulated gastric fluid. | the effect of acid decontamination on the growth/survival of listeria monocytogenes on fresh lettuce (lactusa sativa) during storage and subsequent exposure to a simulated gastric fluid was studied. fresh lettuce, inoculated with l. monocytogenes (3 log cfu/cm(2)), was immersed (20 degrees c, 90 s) in water (w), lactic acid (la), acetic acid (aa), propionic acid (pa) and citric acid (ca) at concentrations 0.5 and 1.0%, and then stored aerobically at 5 and 20 degrees c for 20 and 10 days, respect ... | 2009 | 19022513 |
| protochlorophyllide: a new photosensitizer for the photodynamic inactivation of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | the growing resistance against antibiotics demands the search for alternative treatment strategies. photodynamic therapy is a promising candidate. the natural intermediate of chlorophyll biosynthesis, protochlorophyllide, was produced, purified and tested as a novel photosensitizer for the inactivation of five model organisms including staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis, all responsible for serious clinical infections. when microorganisms were exposed t ... | 2009 | 19025572 |
| characterization of polyvalent and safe bacillus thuringiensis strains with potential use for biocontrol. | sixteen bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains were screened for their anti-insect, antibacterial and antifungal determinants by phenotypic tests and pcr targeting major insecticidal proteins and complements, chitinases, lactonases, beta-1,3-glucanases and zwittermicina. six strains had genes of at least two major insecticidal toxins and of insecticidal complements. with regard to fungal biocontrol, all the strains inhibited fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus flavus growth and four strains had all ... | 2009 | 19025870 |
| acid stress responses in listeria monocytogenes. | | 2008 | 19026862 |
| the role of sigma b (sigma b) in the stress adaptations of listeria monocytogenes: overlaps between stress adaptation and virulence. | | 2008 | 19026864 |
| rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes in food using culture enrichment combined with real-time pcr. | a rapid method for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in foods combining culture enrichment and real-time pcr was compared to the iso 11290-1 standard method. the culture enrichment component of the rapid method is based on the iso standard and includes 24h incubation in half-fraser broth, 4h incubation in fraser broth followed by dna extraction and real-time pcr detection of the ssra gene of l. monocytogenes. an internal amplification control, which is co-amplified with the same primers as ... | 2009 | 19028297 |
| smearing of soft cheese with enterococcus faecium whe 81, a multi-bacteriocin producer, against listeria monocytogenes. | enterococcus faecium whe 81, a multi-bacteriocin producer, was tested for its antimicrobial activity on listeria monocytogenes in munster cheese, a red smear soft cheese. the naturally delayed and superficial contamination of this type of cheese allowed the use of e. faecium whe 81 at the beginning of the ripening as a surface culture. a brine solution inoculated at 10(5)cfu of e. faecium whe 81 per ml was sprayed on the cheese surface during the first smearing operation. on day 7, smearing of c ... | 2009 | 19028299 |
| poor detection of low-virulence field strains of l. monocytogenes is related to selective agents in selective media and is unrelated to prfa. | we have previously shown a relationship between the virulence level of listeria monocytogenes strains and their detection on palcam medium. to account for the fact that only 40% of low-virulence field strains of l. monocytogenes were detected on palcam medium compared to 92% on aloa medium, the detection of virulent and low-virulence strains on decomposed selective aloa and palcam media was compared. this showed that better detection of the strains was not explained by the growth factors added t ... | 2009 | 19028300 |
| fate of post-processing inoculated listeria monocytogenes on vacuum-packaged pepperoni stored at 4, 12 or 25 degrees c. | if present, listeria monocytogenes may not be eliminated during processing of pepperoni or may be introduced during peeling, slicing, or packaging. we evaluated the fate of the pathogen on sliced inoculated pepperoni during vacuum-packaged storage, and potential differences in survival among three types of inocula, including nonacid-adapted, acid-adapted and pepperoni extract-habituated cultures. commercial pepperoni (two replicates, three samples per treatment) was sliced and inoculated (3 to 4 ... | 2009 | 19028309 |
| kinetics of resuscitation and growth of l. monocytogenes as a tool to select appropriate enrichment conditions as a prior step to rapid detection methods. | rapid methods still rely on a prior (shortened) enrichment step before application. quantitative information is a prerequisite for understanding the resuscitation kinetics of the growth during the enrichment step. in this study various basal and newly introduced selective enrichment broths were evaluated. first, growth parameters (lambda, mu(max)) of both healthy and sub-lethally injured cells were determined. next, a selection of enrichment broths was compared for their capacity to support dete ... | 2009 | 19028311 |
| molecular characteristics and virulence potential of listeria monocytogenes isolates from chinese food systems. | in this study, we examined listeria monocytogenes isolates from chinese food sources in an attempt to gain further insights on the molecular characteristics and virulence potential of this important foodborne pathogen. of the 88 l. monocytogenes food isolates recovered, 42 (47.7%) were of serovars 1/2a or 3a; 23 (26.1%) of serovars 1/2b or 3b; 15 (17.0%) of 1/2c or 3c; 6 (6.8%) of serovars 4b, 4d or 4e; and 2 (2.2%) of serovars 4a or 4c. in contrast to inlab locus conserved in all serovars, inte ... | 2009 | 19028313 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of listeria monocytogenes strains f2365 and egd. | listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, food-borne pathogen that causes disease in both humans and animals. there are three major genetic lineages of l. monocytogenes and 13 serovars. to further our understanding of the differences that exist between different genetic lineages/serovars of l. monocytogenes, we analyzed the global protein expression of the serotype 1/2a strain egd and the serotype 4b strain f2365 during early-stationary-phase growth at 37 degrees c. using multidimensional prote ... | 2009 | 19028911 |
| molecular template for a voltage sensor in a novel k+ channel. iii. functional reconstitution of a sensorless pore module from a prokaryotic kv channel. | kvlm is a prokaryotic voltage-gated k(+) (kv) channel from listeria monocytogenes. the sequence of the voltage-sensing module (transmembrane segments s1-s4) of kvlm is atypical in that it contains only three of the eight conserved charged residues known to be deterministic for voltage sensing in eukaryotic kv's. in contrast, the pore module (pm), including the s4-s5 linker and cytoplasmic tail (linker-s5-p-s6-c-terminus) of kvlm, is highly conserved. here, the full-length (fl)-kvlm and the kvlm- ... | 2008 | 19029373 |
| signals triggered by a bacterial pore-forming toxin contribute to toll-like receptor redundancy in gram-positive bacterial recognition. | toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 is the principal recognition receptor for gram-positive microbes. however, in some gram-positive bacterial infections, tlr2 is dispensable. one of the outstanding questions regarding host-bacteria interactions is why tlr2 is essential in some infections but dispensable in others. | 2009 | 19032107 |
| listeria monocytogenes infection in patients with rheumatic diseases on tnf-alpha antagonist therapy: the spanish study group experience. | the prognosis of patients with rheumatic diseases has improved considerably following the use of biological therapies. however, an increase in the frequency of bacterial infections has been observed in patients receiving these therapies. in the present study we aimed to assess the frequency of listeria monocytogenes infection in a large series of patients with rheumatic diseases on treatment with tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha blockers because of active disease refractory to conventional ther ... | 2008 | 19032819 |
| kbma listeria monocytogenes is an effective vector for dc-mediated induction of antitumor immunity. | vaccine strategies that utilize human dcs to enhance antitumor immunity have yet to realize their full potential. approaches that optimally target a spectrum of antigens to dcs are urgently needed. here we report the development of a platform for loading dcs with antigen. it is based on killed but metabolically active (kbma) recombinant listeria monocytogenes and facilitates both antigen delivery and maturation of human dcs. highly attenuated kbma l. monocytogenes were engineered to express an e ... | 2008 | 19033668 |
| antimicrobial peptides effectively kill a broad spectrum of listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus strains independently of origin, sub-type, or virulence factor expression. | host defense peptides (hdps), or antimicrobial peptides (amps), are important components of the innate immune system that bacterial pathogens must overcome to establish an infection and hdps have been suggested as novel antimicrobial therapeutics in treatment of infectious diseases. hence it is important to determine the natural variation in susceptibility to hdps to ensure a successful use in clinical treatment regimes. | 2008 | 19036162 |
| listeria associated mural and valvular endocarditis in an alpaca. | an alpaca presented for emergency evaluation of respiratory distress. physical examination revealed weakness, pyrexia, and a grade v/vi left apical holosystolic murmur. initial thoracic examination and radiographs were consistent with left sided congestive heart failure. blood cultures, echocardiographic evaluation, and necropsy findings established a diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis associated with a listeria monocytogenes infection. left ventricular endocarditis is uncommon in ruminants, an ... | 2008 | 19036668 |
| influence of zinc, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid on the antibacterial activity of ovotransferrin against escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes in model systems and ham. | the influence of nahco(3) and citric acid on the antibacterial activity of apo-ovotransferrin in model systems and ham was investigated. the antibacterial activity of 20 mg/ml of ovotransferrin solution with added nahco(3) (0, 25, 50, or 100 mm) or citric acid (0.25 or 0.5%) was evaluated against escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes in brain heart infusion broth. the antimicrobial activity of ovotransferrin saturated with fe(2+) or zn(2+) against both pathogens was also measured. ... | 2008 | 19038824 |
| screening of surface properties and antagonistic substances production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from the mammary gland of healthy and mastitic cows. | bovine mastitis (bm) is a costly disease in dairy cattle production. the prevention and treatment of mastitis is performed by applying antimicrobial products that negatively affect milk quality. in the last years, the use of probiotic microorganisms to prevent infections in humans and animals has being aggressively studied. samples from teat canal and milk (foremilk and stripping) were taken from healthy and mastitic mammary quarters. a screening of the surface properties and antagonistic substa ... | 2009 | 19041199 |
| impact of -2 degrees c superchilling before refrigerated storage (4 and 8 degrees c) on the microbiological and sensory qualities of cold-smoked salmon. | detection and enumeration of listeria monocytogenes and total spoilage bacteria in 40 batches of cold-smoked salmon (one batch = 42 products from the same day of manufacture) straight from the factory were carried out. if l. monocytogenes was detected in at least one of the nine samples analyzed on receipt at the laboratory, 9 products of the same batch were stored for 10 days at 4 degrees c, which was followed by 18 days at 8 degrees c (control), 12 products were superchilled for 14 days at -2 ... | 2008 | 19044261 |
| enhanced detection of listeria spp. in farmstead cheese processing environments through dual primary enrichment, pcr, and molecular subtyping. | the incidence and ecology of listeria spp. in farmstead cheese processing environments were assessed through environmental sampling conducted in nine different plants over a 10-week period. environmental samples (n = 705) were examined for the presence of listeria spp. by using three detection/isolation protocols. the use of dual enrichment methods, which allowed for the recovery of injured listeria spp. (musda), identified more listeria species-positive samples with higher sensitivity than the ... | 2008 | 19044268 |
| radiation d10-values on thawed and frozen catfish and tilapia for finfish isolates of listeria monocytogenes. | with the popularity of catfish and tilapia in the healthy diet, the consumption and harvesting of farm-raised finfish have increased. since 1987 the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from seafood, particularly farm-raised catfish in the united states. seafood isolates of l. monocytogenes are now available. in order to maintain the raw finfish product, nonthermal interventions to remove bacterial pathogens need to be evaluated using these isolates. a nonthermal interve ... | 2008 | 19044273 |
| development of unique bacterial strains for use as positive controls in the food microbiology testing laboratory. | nalidixic acid-resistant (nalr) mutants of salmonella enterica serovar berta and escherichia coli o157:h7 were derived from wild-type laboratory cultures to serve as distinguishable control strains for routine use in food microbiology testing programs. the prevalence of the nalr phenotype among different bacteria was verified using panels of related and unrelated strains with the ability to grow vigorously on plating media containing nalidixic acid, being restricted to the nalr mutants. the nalr ... | 2008 | 19044277 |
| bio-mimetic surface engineering of plasmid-loaded nanoparticles for active intracellular trafficking by actin comet-tail motility. | intracellular transport after endosomal escape presents one of the major barriers for efficient non-viral gene delivery because plasmid dna and synthetic nanoparticulate carriers suffer from significantly restricted diffusion in the cytoplasm. we postulate that forces generated by actin polymerization, a mechanism used by several bacterial pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, can be harnessed to propel nanoparticles within the cytoplasm and thereby overcome diffusional limitations associate ... | 2009 | 19046764 |
| modulation of prfa activity in listeria monocytogenes upon growth in different culture media. | prfa is the major transcriptional activator of most virulence genes of listeria monocytogenes. its activity is modulated by a variety of culture conditions. here, we studied the prfa activity in the l. monocytogenes wild-type strain egd and an isogenic prfa deletion mutant (egddeltaprfa) carrying multiple copies of the wild-type prfa or the mutant prfa* gene (strains egddeltaprfapprfa and egddeltaprfapprfa*) in response to growth in brain heart infusion (bhi), luria-bertani broth (lb) or a defin ... | 2008 | 19047753 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of listeria monocytogenes using a pcr-enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. | a pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pcr-elisa) was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of l. monocytogenes. pcr primers generating a 132-bp amplicon and a capture probe able to hybridize to the pcr amplicon were designed based on the l. monocytogenes-specific hly gene encoding listeriolysin. the detection limit of pcr-elisa for l. monocytogenes was determined to be as low as 10 cells per pcr reaction, and this level of detection was achieved within 5 h. these results indicate th ... | 2008 | 19047833 |
| il-12 produced by dendritic cells augments cd8+ t cell activation through the production of the chemokines ccl1 and ccl17. | il-12 family members are an important link between innate and adaptive immunity. il-12 drives th1 responses by augmenting ifn-gamma production, which is key for clearance of intracellular pathogens. il-23 promotes the development of il-17-producing cd4(+) t cells that participate in the control of extracellular pathogens and the induction of autoimmunity. however, recent studies have shown that these cytokines can modulate lymphocyte migration and cellular interactions. therefore, we sought to d ... | 2008 | 19050277 |
| microbiological and toxicological effects of perla black bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) extracts: in vitro and in vivo studies. | we investigated the microbiological and toxicological effects of three perla black bean extracts on the growth and culture of selected pathogenic microorganisms, the toxicity over vero cell lines and an in vivo rat model. three different solvents were used to obtain perla black bean extracts. all three perla black bean extracts were tested for antibacterial and antiparasitic activity and further analysed for intrinsic cytotoxicity (ic(50)). methanol perla black bean extract was used for acute to ... | 2009 | 19053992 |
| fine-tuning the safety and immunogenicity of listeria monocytogenes-based neonatal vaccine platforms. | we have developed virulence-attenuated strains of listeria monocytogenes (lm) that can be used as safe yet effective vaccine carriers for neonatal vaccination. here we compare the vaccine efficacy of lm based vaccine carrier candidates after only a single immunization in murine neonates and adults: lm delta(trps acta) based strains that express and secrete multiple copies of the model antigen ovalbumin (ova) either under the control of a phagosomal (p(hly)) or cytosolic (p(acta))-driven listeria ... | 2009 | 19059297 |
| rapid recruitment of innate immunity regulates variation of intracellular pathogen resistance in drosophila. | genetic variation in susceptibility to pathogens is a central concern both to medicine and agriculture and to the evolution of animals. here, we have investigated the link between such natural genetic variation and the immune response in wild-type drosophila melanogaster, a major model organism for immunological research. we found that within nine wild-type strains, different drosophila genotypes show wide-ranging variation in their ability to survive infection from the pathogenic bacteria liste ... | 2009 | 19061858 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica in fermented sausages during maturation/storage. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate maturation and storage conditions as a way to increase the safety of non-heat treated fermented sausages. the specific objectives were to investigate the effects of storage time and temperature on the levels of escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica in fermented sausages and in broth, and to validate how well the broth experiments and some published models can predict inactivation in sausage. one strain each of e. coli, l. m ... | 2009 | 19064299 |
| necrotizing fasciitis due to listeria monocytogenes. | | 2009 | 19067624 |
| [characterization and prevalence of clones of listeria monocytogenes isolated from patients in 2001-2008 in the czech republic]. | to characterize human isolates of listeria monocytogenes by typing methods and to test them for use in epidemiological investigations. | 2008 | 19069026 |
| [rapid detection method of three types of bacterial pathogens in aquatic products established by multiplex pcr]. | to develop a rapid multiplex pcr (m-pcr) assay for simultaneously detection of three foodborne pathogens in aquatic products. | 2008 | 19069666 |
| prevalence of listeria in chinese food products from 13 provinces between 2000 and 2007 and virulence characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolates. | listeriosis is a severe disease with high mortality rate, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. the causative organism listeria monocytogenes is primarily transmitted to humans through contaminated foods. to gain an understanding of the prevalence of listeria in chinese food products, we reviewed relevant papers from journals published in china from 2000 to 2007. the average recovery rate of listeria spp. was 3.7% (0.1-7.7%) in all food categories in 13 provinces, with raw meat being the l ... | 2009 | 19072082 |
| chronic prosthetic joint infection caused by listeria monocytogenes. | we report what is to the best of our knowledge the first case of persistent human listeriosis. a housewife underwent excision of a leiomyosarcoma and implantation of a prosthetic knee device. infection of the device with listeria monocytogenes occurred and persisted for 2 years. despite having an allergy to ampicillin, the patient was cured solely by antibiotics and without surgery. | 2009 | 19074666 |
| comparison of three listeria monocytogenes strains in a guinea-pig model simulating food-borne exposure. | three different listeria monocytogenes strains, lo28 (a laboratory strain with truncated inla), 4446 (a clinical isolate) and 7291 (a food isolate), were compared in a guinea-pig model designed to mimic food-borne exposure. the objectives were (1) to verify the applicability of the animal model for distinguishing between listeria with different virulence properties and (2) to explore whether it was possible to reduce the required number of animals by dosing with mixed cultures instead of monocul ... | 2009 | 19076231 |
| listeria monocytogenes infection in a prosthetic knee joint in rheumatoid arthritis during methotrexate therapy. | a 70-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis developed listeria monocytogenes septic arthritis in his prosthetic right knee. he initially responded well to ampicillin, but later developed relapse of listeria joint infection. the prosthesis was removed, and arthrodesis was performed. this report suggests that prolonged antimicrobial treatment is necessary to cure this rare cause of septic arthritis of prosthetic joints in immunocompromised patients. | 1997 | 19078179 |
| subversion of antimicrobial calprotectin (s100a8/s100a9 complex) in the cytoplasm of tr146 epithelial cells after invasion by listeria monocytogenes. | expressed by squamous mucosal keratinocytes, calprotectin is a complex of two ef-hand calcium-binding proteins of the s100 subfamily (s100a8 and s100a9) with significant antimicrobial activity. calprotectin-expressing cells resist invasion by porphyromonas gingivalis, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). to understand the interactions between calprotectin and invasive bacteria, we studied the distribution of calprotectin in the cytoplasm of tr146 ... | 2009 | 19079333 |
| surveillance of listeriosis in navarre, spain, 1995-2005--epidemiological patterns and characterisation of clinical and food isolates. | we monitored the incidence of human listeriosis in navarre, a region in north of spain between 1995 and 2005, and carried out the characterisation of listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained from clinical samples and ready-to-eat products (sliced cooked meat, smoked salmon and liver pate). the active surveillance requesting hospitals to notify all listeriosis cases (n=40) yielded higher incidence rates (average annual rate 0.65/100,000 inhabitants, range 0.18-1.18/100,000 inhabitants) than expec ... | 2008 | 19081001 |
| new insights into determinants of listeria monocytogenes virulence. | listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of human listeriosis, a potentially fatal foodborne infection. clinical manifestations range from febrile gastroenteritis to more severe invasive forms including meningitis, encephalitis, abortions, and perinatal infections. this gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen has evolved multiple strategies to face extracellular innate defense mechanisms of the host and to invade and multiply intracellularly within macrophages and nonphagocytic cel ... | 2008 | 19081533 |
| identification of a new molecular target of class iia bacteriocins in listeria monocytogenes egde. | it was shown recently (calvez et al. 2007) that glpq and pde genes are involved in intermediate resistance of enterococcus faecalis jh2-2 to dvnv41, a class iia bacteriocin produced by carnobacterium divergens v41. the listerial orthologs of lpq and pde genes might be lmo0052 and lmo1292 genes, respectively. here, the role of lmo0052 and lmo1292 genes in resistance of listeria monocytogenes egde to dvnv41 and mesy105 was investigated. l. monocytogenes egde was inactivated in lmo0052 and/or lmo12 ... | 2008 | 19085076 |
| attachment of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7 and pseudomonas aeruginosa on food soiled plastic surfaces. | this study investigated the ability of three different pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa, to attach food soiled (salad dressing, cooking oil, milk and yogurt) polyvinyl chloride (pvc) plastic. the pre-soiled pvc coupons were incubated with 10(8) cfu/cm2 of each bacterium in 50% tryptic soy broth for 6 h to allow attachment. it was found that the effect of food products was not significant while the effect of bacterial strain was highly signifi ... | 2007 | 19086561 |
| elevated non-specific immunity and normal listeria clearance in young and old vitamin d receptor knockout mice. | 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) [1,25(oh)(2)d(3)] and the vitamin d receptor (vdr) are important regulators of autoimmunity. the effect of the vdr on the ability of mice to fight a primary or secondary infection has not been determined. young and old vdr knockout (ko) mice were able to clear both primary and secondary infections with listeria monocytogenes. however, the kinetics of clearance was somewhat delayed in the absence of the vdr. memory t cell development was not different in young vdr ko an ... | 2009 | 19088060 |
| clinical characteristics and outcomes of the meningitides in systemic lupus erythematosus. | the meningitides are rare but well-identified complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). | 2009 | 19092250 |
| physiology and genetics of listeria monocytogenes survival and growth at cold temperatures. | listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause serious invasive human illness in susceptible patients, notably immunocompromised, pregnant women, and adults > 65 years old. most human listeriosis cases appear to be caused by consumption of refrigerated ready-to-eat foods that are contaminated with high levels of l. monocytogenes. while initial l. monocytogenes levels in contaminated foods are usually low, the ability of l. monocytogenes to survive and multiply at low temperatures ... | 2009 | 19093268 |
| fate of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat turkey breast rolls formulated with antimicrobials following electron-beam irradiation. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of antimicrobials on the survival and proliferation of listeria monocytogenes in turkey breast rolls following electron-beam irradiation. six antimicrobial additive treatments that include no preservatives (control), 0.1% potassium benzoate (pb), 2% sodium lactate (sl), 0.1% potassium benzoate plus 2% sodium lactate (pb + sl), 2% sodium lactate plus 0.1% sodium diacetate (sl + sda), and 0.1% potassium benzoate, 2% sodium lactate, and 0.1% s ... | 2009 | 19096075 |
| foodborne pathogens and microbiological characteristics of raw milk soft cheese produced and on retail sale in brazil. | the consumption of raw milk soft cheeses (rmsc), which are typically manufactured in small dairy farms under unsatisfactory hygiene conditions, is common in brazil. due to these production characteristics, this type of cheese is a potential carrier of pathogenic microorganisms, such as listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, and enterotoxin-producing staphylococcus spp. considering these characteristics, in this work, we aimed to detect the presence of these pathogenic microorganisms in rmc and to e ... | 2009 | 19099356 |
| antibacterial effects of roselle calyx extracts and protocatechuic acid in ground beef and apple juice. | the antibacterial effects of roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts and protocatechuic acid against food spoilage bacteria salmonella typhimurium dt104, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and bacillus cereus were examined. minimal inhibitory concentrations of roselle calyx aqueous and ethanol extracts and protocatechuic acid against these bacteria were in the range of 112-144, 72-96, and 24-44 microg/ml, respectively. protocatechuic acid content in rosel ... | 2009 | 19099360 |
| listeria monocytogenes in rte foods marketed in italy: prevalence and automated ecori ribotyping of the isolates. | the aims of the present study were: (a) to investigate the prevalence and the enumeration of listeria monocytogenes in 200 samples of ready to eat (rte) foods of animal and vegetal origin collected from different outlets and processing plants in sardinia; (b) to characterize the isolates by phenotypical and molecular methods; (c) to analyze a subset of 42 l. monocytogenes by automated ecori ribotyping in order to predict the strain's potential virulence for humans. the strains were isolated from ... | 2009 | 19100643 |
| [detection and identification of seven clinical common pathogenic bacteria by oligonucleotide microarray]. | using 16s rdna and 23s rdna genes as the target sequences to develop a system based on oligonucleotide microarray and to detect the seven clinical pathogenic bacteria, commonly seen. | 2008 | 19103121 |
| selective detection of live bacteria combining propidium monoazide sample treatment with microarray technology. | the use of dna-based molecular detection tools for bacterial diagnostics is hampered by the inability to distinguish signals originating from live and dead cells. the detection of live cells is typically most relevant in molecular diagnostics. dna-intercalating dyes like ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide (pma) offer a possibility to selectively remove cells with compromised cell membranes from the analysis. once these dyes enter a cell, they bind to dna and can be covalently crosslinked ... | 2009 | 19103234 |
| antilisterial activities of polyphenol-rich extracts of grapes and vinification byproducts. | the quantitation of the main polyphenols and the assessment of the total polyphenolic content (tpc) in polyphenol-rich extracts of grape berries and vinification byproducts, obtained from vitis vinifera cultivars of the greek islands, are presented. the results indicated that seed extracts contain high concentrations of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives, whereas pomace and stem extracts consist of significant amounts of flavonoids, stilbenes, and phenolic acids. in particular, stemsa scarcely s ... | 2009 | 19105651 |
| sensitive isothermal detection of nucleic-acid sequence by primer generation-rolling circle amplification. | a simple isothermal nucleic-acid amplification reaction, primer generation-rolling circle amplification (pg-rca), was developed to detect specific nucleic-acid sequences of sample dna. this amplification method is achievable at a constant temperature (e.g. 60 degrees c) simply by mixing circular single-stranded dna probe, dna polymerase and nicking enzyme. unlike conventional nucleic-acid amplification reactions such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr), this reaction does not require exogenous pr ... | 2009 | 19106144 |
| pyrin and asc co-localize to cellular sites that are rich in polymerizing actin. | familial mediterranean fever (fmf) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the mefv locus, which encodes the protein pyrin. while it is known that pyrin is expressed in myeloid cells and several fibroblastic cell types, the exact function of pyrin in these cells and the mechanism underlying the pathological effect of pyrin mutations have yet to be revealed. here, we document that in migrating human monocytes, pyrin protein is dramatically polarized at the leading edge, where it co- ... | 2009 | 19109554 |
| b7-h4-deficient mice display augmented neutrophil-mediated innate immunity. | b7-h4 is an immunoglobulin superfamily molecule and shown to be inhibitory for t-cell responses. to explore physiologic roles of b7-h4, we created b7-h4-deficient (ko) mice by genetic targeting. b7-h4ko mice are healthy and their t- and b-cell responses to polyclonal antigens are in normal range. however, b7-h4ko mice are more resistant to infection by listeria monocytogenes than their littermates. within 3 days after infection, bacterial colonies in livers and spleens are significantly lower th ... | 2009 | 19109567 |
| molecular ecology of listeria monocytogenes: evidence for a reservoir in milking equipment on a dairy farm. | a longitudinal study aimed to detect listeria monocytogenes on a new york state dairy farm was conducted between february 2004 and july 2007. fecal samples were collected every 6 months from all lactating cows. approximately 20 environmental samples were obtained every 3 months. bulk tank milk samples and in-line milk filter samples were obtained weekly. samples from milking equipment and the milking parlor environment were obtained in may 2007. fifty-one of 715 fecal samples (7.1%) and 22 of 30 ... | 2009 | 19114514 |
| concurrent generation of effector and central memory cd8 t cells during vaccinia virus infection. | it is generally thought that during the contraction phase of an acute anti-viral t cell reponse, the effector t cells that escape activation-induced cell death eventually differentiate into central memory t cells over the next several weeks. here we report that antigen-specific cd8t cells with the phenotype and function of central memory cells develop concomitantly with effector t cells during vaccinia virus (vv) infection. as soon as 5 days after an intraperitoneal infection with vv, we could i ... | 2008 | 19116651 |
| a pivotal role for the response regulator degu in controlling multicellular behaviour. | bacteria control multicellular behavioural responses, including biofilm formation and swarming motility, by integrating environmental cues through a complex regulatory network. heterogeneous gene expression within an otherwise isogenic cell population that allows for differentiation of cell fate is an intriguing phenomenon that adds to the complexity of multicellular behaviour. this review focuses on recent data about how degu, a pleiotropic response regulator, co-ordinates multicellular behavio ... | 2009 | 19118340 |
| phage-mediated intergeneric transfer of toxin genes. | because bacteriophages generally parasitize only closely related bacteria, it is assumed that phage-mediated genetic exchange occurs primarily within species. here we report that staphylococcal pathogenenicity islands, containing superantigen genes, and other mobile elements transferred to listeria monocytogenes at the same high frequencies as they transfer within staphylococcus aureus. several staphylococcal phages transduced l. monocytogenes but could not form plaques. in an experiment modelin ... | 2009 | 19119236 |
| effects of organic matter on acidic electrolysed water for reduction of foodborne pathogens on lettuce and spinach. | to evaluate the efficacy of acidic electrolysed water (ew) in the presence of organic matter (bovine serum) on the inoculated surfaces of lettuce and spinach. | 2008 | 19120630 |
| isolation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens for probiotic use. | to isolate and characterize the bacteriocin-producing bacteria (bpb) from the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens for probiotic use. | 2008 | 19120666 |
| anti-listerial activity of bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus curvatus cwbi-b28 and lactobacillus sakei cwbi-b1365 on raw beef and poultry meat. | the study aimed to evaluate the effect of the bacteriocins produced by lactobacillus sakei cwbi-b1365 and lactobacillus curvatus cwbi-b28 on the growth and survival of listeria monocytogenes in raw beef and poultry meat. | 2008 | 19120930 |
| toll-like receptors 2 and 5 in human gingival epithelial cells co-operate with t-cell cytokine interleukin-17. | periodontitis begins as the result of perturbation of the gingival epithelial cells caused by subgingival bacteria interacting with the epithelial cells via pattern recognition receptors. toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been shown to play an important role in the recognition of periodontal pathogens so we have studied the interaction of tlr ligands with tlr2 and tlr5 for cytokine production in the cultures of gingival epithelial cells. | 2009 | 19121068 |
| calprotectin s100a9 calcium-binding loops i and ii are essential for keratinocyte resistance to bacterial invasion. | epithelial cells expressing calprotectin, a heterodimer of s100a8 and s100a9 proteins, are more resistant to bacterial invasion. to determine structural motifs that affect resistance to bacterial invasion, mutations were constructed in s100a9 targeting the calcium-binding loops i and ii (e36q, e78q, e36q,e78q) and the c terminus (s100a9(1-99) and s100a9(1-112)), which contains putative antimicrobial zinc-binding and phosphorylation sites. the s100a8 and mutated s100a9 encoding plasmids were tran ... | 2009 | 19122197 |
| fatal mesenteric lymphadenitis in cattle caused by listeria monocytogenes. | | 2009 | 19122218 |
| listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in a twin pregnancy with differential outcome: fetus papyraceus and a full-term delivery. | a 41-year-old saudi woman, gravida 7, para 5, aborta 1 with sickle cell disease at week 12 of gestation of diamniotic dichorionic twin pregnancy was admitted with fever. blood cultures grew listeria monocytogenes. she was treated with intravenous ampicillin and had death of one of the fetuses after 10 days. an ultrasound at 19 weeks of gestation showed a normal intrauterine gestation and the presence of significantly collapsed second twin gestational sac consistent with fetal papyraceus. at 37 w ... | 2008 | 19122927 |
| interleukin-17 in host defence against bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal pathogens. | the mammalian immune system is intricately regulated, allowing for potent pathogen-specific immunity to be rapidly activated in response to infection with a broad and diverse array of potential pathogens. as a result of their ability to differentiate into distinct effector lineages, cd4 t cells significantly contribute to pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. through the production of effector cytokines, cd4 t helper (th) cells orchestrate the precise mobilization of specific immune cells ... | 2009 | 19125888 |
| [expression of cytokines in murine bmdcs induced by recombinant e.coli llo/ova via tlr4 and nod1 receptors]. | to investigate the relationship between the activation of pattern recognition receptors and the cytokines expression of dendritic cells. | 2009 | 19126379 |