| clinical isolates of shiga toxin 1a-producing shigella flexneri with an epidemiological link to recent travel to hispañiola. | shiga toxins (stx) are cytotoxins involved in severe human intestinal disease. these toxins are commonly found in shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli; however, the toxin genes have been found in other shigella species. we identified 26 shigella flexneri serotype 2 strains isolated by public health laboratories in the united states during 2001-2013, which encode the shiga toxin 1a gene (stx1a). these strains produced and released stx1a as measured by cytotox ... | 2014 | 25271406 |
| evaluation of the ability of four esbl-screening media to detect esbl-producing salmonella and shigella. | the aim of this study was to compare the ability of four commercially available media for screening extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) to detect and identify esbl-producing salmonella and shigella in fecal samples. a total of 71 salmonella- and 21 shigella-isolates producing esbl(a) and/or ampc, were received at norwegian institute of public health between 2005 and 2012. the 92 isolates were mixed with fecal specimens and tested on four esbl screening media; chromid esbl (biomèrieux), brill ... | 2014 | 25204319 |
| proteomes of pathogenic escherichia coli/shigella group surveyed in their host environments. | proteomic studies on shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and uropathogenic e. coli (upec) are reviewed. upec causes infections in the urogenital tract, whereas the other species colonize and, to varying degrees, invade the intestinal tract. type iii secretion systems used to breach the mucosal barrier by the intestinal pathogens revealed distinct expression patterns in different host environments. dynamic adaptations to changes in nutrient availability and ... | 2014 | 25163594 |
| the immune response of two microbial antigens delivered intradermally, sublingually, or the combination thereof. | a key consideration to produce a successful vaccine is the choice of appropriate vaccination route. though most vaccines are administered parenterally, this route is not effective in producing a robust mucosal or cell-mediated response. intradermal and sublingual vaccinations have been explored recently as potential needle-free immunization strategies. we explored intradermal and sublingual routes as well as the combination of the two routes in eliciting both systemic and mucosal immune response ... | 2014 | 25111827 |
| [preparation and identification of the polyclonal antibody against gapdh protein from shigella flexneri m90t]. | to prepare mouse polyclonal antibodies against shigella flexneri m90t glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and verify its titer and specificity. | 2014 | 24721410 |
| probiotic potential of lactobacillus plantarum ld1 isolated from batter of dosa, a south indian fermented food. | lactobacillus plantarum ld1 was isolated from dosa batter and identified by biochemical, physiological and genetic methods. species level identification was done by 16s rdna amplification and sequencing. the probiotic potential of strain ld1 was assessed by different standard parameters. cell surface hydrophobicity was recorded to be 62% with sat value <0.007 m. seventy-eight percent of viable count was found after treatment with simulated gastric juice containing pepsin (ph 2.0). bile salt tole ... | 2014 | 24676724 |
| rabbit monoclonal antibodies directed at the t3ss effector protein yopm identify human pathogenic yersinia isolates. | the yersinia outer protein m (yopm) is a type 3 secretion system (t3ss)-dependent effector protein of yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia pestis. although yopm is indispensable for full virulence, its molecular functions still remain largely elusive. recently, we could identify the recombinant yopm (ryopm) protein derived from the y. enterocolitica strain 8081 (jb580) as a cell-penetrating protein, which down-regulates the expression of various pro-inflammatory cyto ... | 2014 | 24636859 |
| intradermal delivery of shigella ipab and ipad type iii secretion proteins: kinetics of cell recruitment and antigen uptake, mucosal and systemic immunity, and protection across serotypes. | shigella is one of the leading pathogens contributing to the vast pediatric diarrheal disease burden in low-income countries. no licensed vaccine is available, and the existing candidates are only partially effective and serotype specific. shigella type iii secretion system proteins ipab and ipad, which are conserved across shigella spp., are candidates for a broadly protective, subunit-based vaccine. in this study, we investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ipab and ipad admi ... | 2014 | 24453241 |
| relationship between o-antigen chain length and resistance to colicin e2 in shigella flexneri. | the shigella flexneri polysaccharide co-polymerase class 1a (pcp1a) protein, wzzbsf, regulates lps o-antigen (oag) chain length to confer short (s)-type oag chains of ~10-17 oag repeat units (rus). the s-type oag chains affect shigella flexneri virulence as they influence icsa-mediated actin-based motility. however, they do not confer resistance to complement; this is conferred by the very-long (vl)-type oag chains determined by wzzb(phs2). colicins are bacterial proteins produced by some escher ... | 2014 | 24425769 |
| the host and the flora. | to prevent bacterial overgrowth, colonization of the epithelium and subsequent translocation, the gastrointestinal tract maintains an effective mucosal barrier. besides mucus the most important components of this protective system are epithelial antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, the cathelicidin ll-37, lysozyme, phospholipase a, and proteins with additional antimicrobial properties such as ubiquicidin, ribosomal proteins or histones. commensal species may tolerate intestinal antimicrobia ... | 2013 | 24246976 |
| transposition of isecp1 modulates blactx-m-55-mediated shigella flexneri resistance to cefalothin. | the aim of this study was to uncover the mechanisms underlying shigella flexneri resistance to cefalothin. in this study, a resistance-related s. flexneri isolate, s. flexneri ydc, was obtained from s. flexneri mel-1998023/zz pre-incubated with cefalothin at a dose of 0.5 × the minimum inhibitory concentration. the isecp1 coding element was identified upstream of bla(ctx-m-55) in s. flexneri ydc. to further determine the role of isecp1 in s. flexneri resistance, plasmids containing bla(ctx-m-55) ... | 2013 | 24207017 |
| role of porin proteins in acquisition of transferrin iron by enteropathogens. | acquisition of iron from key innate immune defence proteins such as transferrin (tf) and lactoferrin is an important mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria obtain essential iron for growth within their host. bacterial species that do not produce siderophores often use specific tf-binding proteins, the best characterized being the neisseriaceae-type tf-binding proteins tbpa and tbpb. previous work from our laboratory has shown that siderophore-producing enteric species such as escherichia coli al ... | 2013 | 24089578 |
| small-molecule inhibitor of the shigella flexneri master virulence regulator virf. | virf is an arac family transcriptional activator that is required for the expression of virulence genes associated with invasion and cell-to-cell spread by shigella flexneri, including multiple components of the type three secretion system (t3ss) machinery and effectors. we tested a small-molecule compound, se-1 (formerly designated ossl_051168), which we had identified as an effective inhibitor of the arac family proteins rhas and rhar, for its ability to inhibit virf. cell-based reporter gene ... | 2013 | 24002059 |
| o-antigen protects gram-negative bacteria from histone killing. | beyond their traditional role of wrapping dna, histones display antibacterial activity to gram-negative and -positive bacteria. to identify bacterial components that allow survival to a histone challenge, we selected resistant bacteria from homologous escherichia coli libraries that harbor plasmids carrying pieces of the chromosome in different sizes. we identified genes required for exopolysaccharide production and for the synthesis of the polysaccharide domain of the lipopolysaccharide, called ... | 2013 | 23951089 |
| modulators of antibiotic activity from ipomoea murucoides. | reinvestigation of the chcl3-soluble extract from the flowers of ipomoea murucoides, through preparative-scale recycling hplc, yielded three pentasaccharides of 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, murucoidins xvii-xix, in addition to the known murucoidin iii and v, all of which were characterized by nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. these compounds were found to be macrolactones of the known pentasaccharides simonic acid b and operculinic acid a. the acylating groups corresponded to acetic, (2s)- ... | 2013 | 23920226 |
| oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae) leaf extract exerts in vitro antimicrobial and in vivo anticolonizing activities against shigella dysenteriae 1 (nt4907) and shigella flexneri 2a (2457t) in induced diarrhea in suckling mice. | in this study, the extract of a green leafy vegetable oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae) was evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial and in vivo anti colonizing effect against common intestinal pathogenic bacteria. methanolic extract (80%) of oxalis corniculata (oxalidaceae) leaf contained a polyphenol content of 910 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight and the yield was 8%. the flavonoid content was 2.353 g quercetin equivalent per 100 g of the extract. in vitro studies indicated tha ... | 2013 | 23909903 |
| effects of subtherapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials on gene acquisition events in yersinia, proteus, shigella, and salmonella recipient organisms in isolated ligated intestinal loops of swine. | to assess antimicrobial resistance and transfer of virulence genes facilitated by subtherapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials in swine intestines. | 2013 | 23879845 |
| self-adjuvanting bacterial vectors expressing pre-erythrocytic antigens induce sterile protection against malaria. | genetically inactivated, gram-negative bacteria that express malaria vaccine candidates represent a promising novel self-adjuvanting vaccine approach. antigens expressed on particulate bacterial carriers not only target directly to antigen-presenting cells but also provide a strong danger signal thus circumventing the requirement for potent extraneous adjuvants. e. coli expressing malarial antigens resulted in the induction of either th1 or th2 biased responses that were dependent on both antige ... | 2013 | 23847617 |
| protein expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of the isolated shigella flexneri vapc toxin. | upon release from the stable complex formed with its antitoxin vapb, the toxin vapc (mvpt) of the gram-negative pathogen shigella flexneri is capable of globally down-regulating translation by specifically cleaving initiator trna(fmet) in the anticodon region. recombinant shigella flexneri vapc(d7a) harbouring an active-site mutation was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and crystallized by the vapour-diffusion technique. a preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis sho ... | 2013 | 23832203 |
| human single-chain urokinase is activated by the omptins pgte of salmonella enterica and pla of yersinia pestis despite mutations of active site residues. | fibrinolysis is important in cell migration and tightly regulated by specific inhibitors and activators; of the latter, urokinase (upa) associates with enhancement of cell migration. active upa is formed through cleavage of the single-chain upa (scupa). the salmonella enterica strain 14028r cleaved human scupa at the peptide bond lys158-ile159, the site cleaved also by the physiological activator human plasmin. the cleavage led to activation of scupa, while no cleavage or activation were detecte ... | 2013 | 23763588 |
| providencia alcalifaciens causes barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in tissue cell culture: potent role of lipopolysaccharides on diarrheagenicity. | providencia alcalifaciens is a member of the enterobacteriaceae family that occasionally causes diarrheagenic illness in humans via the intake of contaminated foods. despite the epidemiological importance of p. alcalifaciens, little is known about its pathobiology. here we report that p. alcalifaciens causes barrier dysfunction in caco-2 cell monolayers and induces apoptosis in calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells. p. alcalifaciens infection caused a 30% reduction in transepithelial resistanc ... | 2013 | 23710559 |
| the shigella ospc3 effector inhibits caspase-4, antagonizes inflammatory cell death, and promotes epithelial infection. | caspase-mediated inflammatory cell death acts as an intrinsic defense mechanism against infection. bacterial pathogens deploy countermeasures against inflammatory cell death, but the mechanisms by which they do this remain largely unclear. in a screen for shigella flexneri effectors that regulate cell death during infection, we discovered that shigella infection induced acute inflammatory, caspase-4-dependent epithelial cell death, which is counteracted by the bacterial ospc3 effector. ospc3 int ... | 2013 | 23684308 |
| shigella antigen-specific b memory cells are associated with decreased disease severity in subjects challenged with wild-type shigella flexneri 2a. | the role of shigella-specific b memory (bm) in protection has not been evaluated in human challenge studies. we utilized cryopreserved pre- and post-challenge peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera from wild-type shigella flexneri 2a (wt-2457t) challenges. challenged volunteers were either naïve or subjects who had previously ingested wt-2457t or been immunized with hybrid escherichia coli-shigella live oral candidate vaccine (ecsf2a-2). bm and antibody titers were measured against lipopoly ... | 2013 | 23649043 |
| recombinant heat shock protein 60 (hsp60/groel) of salmonella enterica serovar typhi elicits cross-protection against multiple bacterial pathogens in mice. | heat shock proteins (hsps) or stress proteins are recognized as protective antigens against a wide range of bacterial diseases. conservation of hsps across different life forms also appears to contribute to the antigenicity of these proteins. due to their high sequence homology, there exists an immunological cross-recognition between different bacterial species. in the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of recombinant groel of salmonella enterica serovar typhi as a vaccine candidate agains ... | 2013 | 23474314 |
| tmrna is essential in shigella flexneri. | nonstop mrnas pose a challenge for bacteria, because translation cannot terminate efficiently without a stop codon. the trans-translation pathway resolves nonstop translation complexes by removing the nonstop mrna, the incomplete protein, and the stalled ribosome. p1 co-transduction experiments demonstrated that tmrna, a key component of the trans-translation pathway, is essential for viability in shigella flexneri. tmrna was previously shown to be dispensable in the closely related species esch ... | 2013 | 23451240 |
| isolation and genomic characterization of sfi, a serotype-converting bacteriophage of shigella flexneri. | all shigella flexneri serotypes except serotype 6 share a common o-antigen tetrasaccharide backbone and nearly all variations between serotypes are due to glucosyl and/or o-acetyl modifications of the common o unit mediated by glycosyltransferases encoded by serotype-converting bacteriophages. several s. flexneri serotype-converting phages including sfv, sfx, sf6 and sfii have been isolated and characterized. however, s. flexneri serotype-converting phage sfi which encodes a type i modification ... | 2013 | 23414301 |
| analysis of soluble protein complexes in shigella flexneri reveals the influence of temperature on the amount of lipopolysaccharide. | shigella flexneri, which is closely related to escherichia coli, is the most common cause of the endemic form of shigellosis. in this study, 53 homomultimeric protein complexes and nine heteromultimeric protein complexes from s. flexneri 2a strain 2457t were separated and identified. among these, three potential homomultimeric protein complexes had not been previously described. one complex, thought to be composed of 12 phon1 subunits, is a periplasmic protein with an unknown physiological role ... | 2013 | 23378524 |
| antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial activity of calpurnia aurea leaf extract. | in ethiopia, calpurnia aurea is used for the treatment of syphilis, malaria, rabies, diabetes, hypertension, diarrhoea, leishmaniasis, trachoma, elephantiasis, fungal diseases and different swellings. however, despite its traditional usage as an antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial agent, there is limited or no information regarding its effectiveness and mode of action in diarrhoea which may be caused by shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. hence, we evalu ... | 2013 | 23351272 |
| one-step sensitive detection of salmonella typhimurium by coupling magnetic capture and fluorescence identification with functional nanospheres. | sensitive, rapid, and reliable detection of bacteria has always been pursued due to the great threat of the bacteria to human health. in this study, a convenient one-step strategy for detecting salmonella typhimurium was developed. immunomagnetic nanospheres (imns) and immunofluorescent nanospheres (ifns) were used to specifically capture and recognize s. typhimurium simultaneously. after magnetic separation, the sandwich immune complexes (imns-bacteria-ifns) were detected under a fluorescence m ... | 2013 | 23256523 |
| comparison of ims platforms for detecting and recovering escherichia coli o157 and shigella flexneri in foods. | two automated platforms using immunomagnetic separation technology were compared for detecting and recovering escherichia coli o157 in ground beef and sprouts and shigella flexneri in green onions. the foods were inoculated with <20 cfu/25 g and tested at 5 and 24 h postincubation. immunomagnetic beads were mixed with food enrichments, processed through the pathatrix auto or kingfisher flex, and tested by real-time pcr (qpcr) and recovery on selective agars. at 5 h, the pathatrix auto detected e ... | 2013 | 23190790 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity on clinical microbial strains and antioxidant properties of artemisia parviflora. | artemisia parviflora leaf extracts were evaluated for potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. antimicrobial susceptibility assay was performed against ten standard reference bacterial strains. antioxidant activity was analyzed using the ferric thiocyanate and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) assays. radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content were compared. phytochemical analyses were performed to identify the major bioactive constitution of the plant extract. | 2012 | 23171441 |
| outer membrane protein a (ompa): a new player in shigella flexneri protrusion formation and inter-cellular spreading. | outer membrane protein a (ompa) is a multifaceted predominant outer membrane protein of escherichia coli and other enterobacteriaceae whose role in the pathogenesis of various bacterial infections has recently been recognized. here, the role of ompa on the virulence of shigella flexneri has been investigated. an ompa mutant of wild-type s. flexneri 5a strain m90t was constructed (strain hnd92) and it was shown to be severely impaired in cell-to-cell spreading since it failed to plaque on hela ce ... | 2012 | 23166731 |
| connexin 26 facilitates gastrointestinal bacterial infection in vitro. | escherichia coli, including enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), represents the most common cause of diarrhoea worldwide and is therefore a serious public health burden. treatment for gastrointestinal pathogens is hindered by the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance, leading to the requirement for the development of new therapies. a variety of mechanisms act in combination to mediate gastrointestinal-bacterial-associated diarrhoea development. for example, epec infection of enterocytes induce ... | 2013 | 23138568 |
| evaluation of probiotic properties of lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from chinese sauerkraut. | lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated and identified from naturally-fermented chinese sauerkraut were examined in vitro for potential probiotic properties and in vivo for cholesterol-lowering effect in mice. among 7 isolated l. plantarum strains, strains s2-5 and s4-1 were found to possess desirable probiotic properties including ability to survive at ph 2.0 for 60 min, tolerate pancreatin and bile salts, adhere to caco-2 cells, produce high β-galactosidase activity and antimicrobial activity ... | 2013 | 23117677 |
| synthesis of monodispersed silver nanoparticles using hibiscus cannabinus leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity. | synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of hibiscus cannabinus has been investigated. the influences of different concentration of h. cannabinus leaf extract, different metal ion concentration and different reaction time on the above cases on the synthesis of nanoparticles were evaluated. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using uv-vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), x-ray diffraction (xrd) and transmission electron microscopy (tem). the p ... | 2013 | 23103459 |
| quantification of viable but nonculturable bacterial pathogens in anaerobic digested sludge. | enteric bacterial pathogens in sewage sludge easily become viable but nonculturable (vbnc) during anaerobic digestion, which escape detection by standard culture methods and pose a potential health risk. in this study, a method that is combining the standard culture method with the reverse transcription quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) assay was developed for the quantification of bacterial pathogens in the vbnc state. the cycle threshold (ct) values from rt-qpcr assays were linear to the bacterial nu ... | 2013 | 22996281 |
| glutamate decarboxylase-dependent acid resistance in orally acquired bacteria: function, distribution and biomedical implications of the gadbc operon. | for successful colonization of the mammalian host, orally acquired bacteria must overcome the extreme acidic stress (ph < 2.5) encountered during transit through the host stomach. the glutamate-dependent acid resistance (gdar) system is by far the most potent acid resistance system in commensal and pathogenic escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, listeria monocytogenes and lactococcus lactis. gdar requires the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (gadb), an intracellular plp-dependent enzyme which ... | 2012 | 22995042 |
| microbiota, innate immune system, and gastrointestinal muscle: ongoing studies. | to test the activities of culture-extracted or commercially available toll-like receptors (tlrs) ligands to establish their direct impact on target gastrointestinal motor cells. | 2012 | 22955360 |
| structurally distinct bacterial tbc-like gaps link arf gtpase to rab1 inactivation to counteract host defenses. | rab gtpases are frequent targets of vacuole-living bacterial pathogens for appropriate trafficking of the vacuole. here we discover that bacterial effectors including vira from nonvacuole shigella flexneri and espg from extracellular enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) harbor tbc-like dual-finger motifs and exhibits potent rabgap activities. specific inactivation of rab1 by vira/espg disrupts er-to-golgi trafficking. s. flexneri intracellular persistence requires vira tbc-like gap activity ... | 2012 | 22939626 |
| cloning and purification of ipac antigen from shigella flexneri: proposal of a new methodology. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative bacillus that is responsible for a severe form of dysentery called shigellosis, which mainly affects children and the elderly in both underdeveloped and developed countries. pathogenic s. flexneri strains possess a large virulence plasmid that codes for effector proteins that are required for the entry and spread of the bacteria into colonocytes. among these proteins is the translocator ipac, which plays an important role in the invasion process; ipac is impl ... | 2013 | 22894716 |
| pa2800 plays an important role in both antibiotic susceptibility and virulence in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important human pathogen which causes a variety of infections. p. aeruginosa infections are often difficult to treat due to the pathogen's resistance to many antibiotics. previously, it has been reported that a transposon insertion mutant in gene pa2800 of p. aeruginosa pao1 was more sensitive to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. further characterization of this gene, a vacj homolog, in this study indicated that this gene plays an important role in both antibiotic susc ... | 2012 | 22878555 |
| shigella sonnei genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicate recent global dissemination from europe. | shigella are human-adapted escherichia coli that have gained the ability to invade the human gut mucosa and cause dysentery(1,2), spreading efficiently via low-dose fecal-oral transmission(3,4). historically, s. sonnei has been predominantly responsible for dysentery in developed countries but is now emerging as a problem in the developing world, seeming to replace the more diverse shigella flexneri in areas undergoing economic development and improvements in water quality(4-6). classical approa ... | 2012 | 22863732 |
| from lin-benzoguanines to lin-benzohypoxanthines as ligands for zymomonas mobilis trna-guanine transglycosylase: replacement of protein-ligand hydrogen bonding by importing water clusters. | the foodborne illness shigellosis is caused by shigella bacteria that secrete the highly cytotoxic shiga toxin, which is also formed by the closely related enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec). it has been shown that trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is essential for the pathogenicity of shigella flexneri. herein, the molecular recognition properties of a guanine binding pocket in zymomonas mobilis tgt are investigated with a series of lin-benzohypoxanthine- and lin-benzoguanine-based inh ... | 2012 | 22736391 |
| role of anionic charges of periplasmic glucans of shigella flexneri in overcoming detergent stress. | osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs) are synthesized by the members of the family enterobacteriaceae when grown under low osmotic growth conditions. enteropathogens such as shigella flexneri spend considerable time outside the host environment such as irrigation waters where low nutrient low osmolarity conditions normally may exist. we recently demonstrated that opgs of s. flexneri are required for optimal growth under low osmolarity low nutrient conditions. based on homology of the opg bios ... | 2012 | 22730962 |
| shigella flexneri o-antigens revisited: final elucidation of the o-acetylation profiles and a survey of the o-antigen structure diversity. | shigella flexneri is an important human pathogen causing shigellosis. strains of s. flexneri are serologically heterogeneous and, based on o-antigens, are currently classified into 14 types. structures of the o-antigens (o-polysaccharides) of s. flexneri have been under study since 1960s but some gaps still remained. in this work, using one- and two-dimensional (1) h- and (13) c-nmr spectroscopy, the o-polysaccharides of several s. flexneri types were reinvestigated, and their structures were ei ... | 2012 | 22724405 |
| antimicrobial activity of sesbania grandiflora flower polyphenol extracts on some pathogenic bacteria and growth stimulatory effect on the probiotic organism lactobacillus acidophilus. | polyphenolic extracts (pe) of edible flower of sesbania grandiflora were tested to evaluate its antimicrobial effect against some common pathogenic bacteria and growth promoting property against probiotic organism lactobacillus acidophilus. the antimicrobial activity of s. grandiflora flower pe against selected pathogens was evaluated using both in vitro and in situ methods. in vitro studies suggested that pe has inhibitory effect against staphylococcus aureus, shigella flexneri 2a, salmonella t ... | 2012 | 22583547 |
| conversion of viable but nonculturable enteric bacteria to culturable by co-culture with eukaryotic cells. | viable but nonculturable (vbnc) vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139, v. parahaemolyticus, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli, shigella flexneri, and salmonella enterica were converted to the culturable state by co-culture with selected eukaryotic cells, e.g., ht-29, caco-2, t84, hela, intestine 407, and cho cells. | 2012 | 22537150 |
| molecular-phylogenetic characterization of the microbiota in ulcerated and non-ulcerated regions in the patients with crohn's disease. | the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been established in crohn's disease (cd), but the molecular characterization of this dysbiosis in chinese subjects with cd remains unclear. this study aims to investigate the predominant bacterial composition of the faecal and mucosal-associated microbiota in chinese cd patients using culture-independent techniques. | 2012 | 22529960 |
| binding affects the tertiary and quaternary structures of the shigella translocator protein ipab and its chaperone ipgc. | shigella flexneri uses its type iii secretion system (t3ss) to promote invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells as the first step in causing shigellosis, a life-threatening form of dysentery. the shigella type iii secretion apparatus (t3sa) consists of a basal body that spans the bacterial envelope and an exposed needle that injects effector proteins into target cells. the nascent shigella t3sa needle is topped with a pentamer of the needle tip protein invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad). bil ... | 2012 | 22497344 |
| ethnopharmacological study of plants from pondoland used against diarrhoea. | waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea are common world wide, including in bizana, south africa where the majority of rural dwellers depend largely on water from unprotected sources. the people from bizana use medicinal plants as their first line of health care to cure and prevent diarrhoea. | 2012 | 22338648 |
| recognition of enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella flexneri by dendritic cells: distinct dendritic cell activation states. | the innate and adaptive immune responses of dendritic cells (dcs) to enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) infection were compared with dc responses to shigella flexneri infection. eiec triggered dcs to produce interleukin (il)-10, il-12 and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-α, whereas s. flexneri induced only the production of tnf-α. unlike s. flexneri, eiec strongly increased the expression of toll like receptor (tlr)-4 and tlr-5 in dcs and diminished the expression of co-stimulatory molecules tha ... | 2012 | 22310548 |
| icsa autotransporter passenger promotes increased fusion protein expression on the cell surface. | autotransporters are attractive cell surface display vehicles as they lack complex adaptor proteins necessary for protein export. recent reports have suggested that the native effector domain (α domain) and translocation domain (β domain) interact with each other to drive translocation of the effector domain to the outer membrane. in this report we compared the expression, surface localisation and folding of tem-1 β-lactamase (bla) and maltose binding protein (male or mbp) fused to either full l ... | 2012 | 22309506 |
| manipulation of host membranes by the bacterial pathogens listeria, francisella, shigella and yersinia. | bacterial pathogens display an impressive arsenal of molecular mechanisms that allow survival in diverse host niches. subversion of plasma membrane and cytoskeletal functions are common themes associated to infection by both extracellular and intracellular pathogens. moreover, intracellular pathogens modify the structure/stability of their membrane-bound compartments and escape degradation from phagocytic or autophagic pathways. here, we review the manipulation of host membranes by listeria mono ... | 2016 | 27448494 |
| at the crossroads: communication of bacteria-containing vacuoles with host organelles. | invasive bacterial pathogens are engulfed upon host cell entry in a vacuolar environment called the bacteria-containing vacuole (bcv). bcvs directly contact with numerous host compartments, mainly vesicles of the endocytic pathway, such as endosomes or lysosomes. in addition, they also interact with the endoplasmic reticulum and endomembranes of the secretory pathway. these connections between the pathogen and the host occur either through heterotypic membrane fusions or through membrane contact ... | 2016 | 26762760 |
| age-dependent association among helicobacter pylori infection, serum pepsinogen levels and immune response of children to live oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr. | through its effects on gastric secretion, we hypothesized that helicobacter pylori infection may influence oral immunization. accordingly, we examined the association between h. pylori infection, serum pepsinogen (pg) (measures for h. pylori gastritis) and vibriocidal antibody (a correlate of protection) seroconversion following oral immunization with cvd 103-hgr live cholera vaccine among children of different ages. | 2014 | 24454714 |
| differential modulation of intracellular survival of cytosolic and vacuolar pathogens by curcumin. | curcumin, a principal component of turmeric, acts as an immunomodulator regulating the host defenses in response to a diseased condition. the role of curcumin in controlling certain infectious diseases is highly controversial. it is known to alleviate symptoms of helicobacter pylori infection and exacerbate that of leishmania infection. we have evaluated the role of curcumin in modulating the fate of various intracellular bacterial pathogens. we show that pretreatment of macrophages with curcumi ... | 2012 | 22890770 |
| systemic shigellosis in south africa. | systemic disease due to shigellae is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), malnutrition, and other immunosuppressed states. we examined the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of systemic shigellosis in south africa, where rates of hiv infection are high. | 2012 | 22474223 |
| hpv16l1-attenuated shigella recombinant vaccine induced strong vaginal and systemic immune responses in guinea pig model. | though human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines based on l1 virus-like particles (vlps) have excellent protective effect against hpv-induced cervical cancer, they are too expensive to be afforded by the developing countries, where most cases of cervical cancer occur. a live bacterial-based vaccine could be an inexpensive alternative. the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of live attenuated shigella. flexneri 2a sc602 strain-based hpv16l1 as a high-efficiency, low-cost hpv16l1 muco ... | 2014 | 25483698 |
| toxicity mechanism of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles against food pathogens. | food preservation is an important field of research. it extends the shelf life of major food products. our current study is based on food preservation through tio2 and zno nanoparticles. tio2 and zno are biocompatible nanomaterial. the biocompatibility of the materials were established through toxicity studies on cell lines. titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle were synthesized by wet chemical process. they are characterized by x-ray diffraction and tem. the antibacterial activities of b ... | 2016 | 27694049 |
| structural and functional characterization of the lps transporter lptde from gram-negative pathogens. | incorporation of lipopolysaccharide (lps) into the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is essential for viability, and is accomplished by a two-protein complex called lptde. we solved crystal structures of the core lptde complexes from yersinia pestis, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a full-length structure of the k. pneumoniae lptde complex. our structures adopt the same plug and 26-strand β-barrel architecture found recently for the shigella flexneri and salmonella typh ... | 2016 | 27161977 |
| kefir-isolated bacteria and yeasts inhibit shigella flexneri invasion and modulate pro-inflammatory response on intestinal epithelial cells. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of a kefir-isolated microbial mixture containing three bacterial and two yeast strains (mm) to protect intestinal epithelial cells against shigella flexneri invasion, as well as to analyse the effect on pro-inflammatory response elicited by this pathogen. a significant decrease in s. flexneri strain 72 invasion was observed on both ht-29 and caco-2 cells pre-incubated with mm. pre-incubation with the individual strains saccharomyces cerevisiae cid ... | 2016 | 26503738 |
| the antimicrobial effect of lactobacillus casei culture supernatant against multiple drug resistant clinical isolates of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri in vitro. | shigellosis remains an important public health problem in developing countries with s. sonnei and s. flexneri in us, europe and in asian countries being of importance. | 2013 | 23682323 |
| antibacterial activity of lactobacillus spp. isolated from the feces of healthy infants against enteropathogenic bacteria. | lactobacilli are normal microflora of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract and are a heterogeneous group of lactic acid bacteria (lab). lactobacillus strains with probiotic activity may have health benefits for human. this study investigates the probiotic potential of lactobacillus strains obtained from the feces of healthy infants and also explores antibacterial activity of lactobacillus strains with probiotic potential against enteropathogenic bacteria. fecal samples were collected from 95 healthy ... | 2015 | 25930687 |
| technological and probiotic potential of bgra43 a natural isolate of lactobacillus helveticus. | lactobacillus helveticus bgra43 is a human intestinal isolate showing antimicrobial activity, amongst others, against yersinia enterocolitica, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, and streptococcus pneumoniae. bgra43 produces prth proteinase with proteolytic activity on both casein and β-lactoglobulin (blg). bgra43 is able to reduce the allergenicity of blg. bioactive peptides released in bgra43 fermented milk are potent modulators of innate immunity by modulating the production of proinflammator ... | 2013 | 23346083 |
| biological potency and characterization of antibacterial substances produced by lactobacillus pentosus isolated from hentak, a fermented fish product of north-east india. | lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from various foods are important due to their potential to inhibit microorganisms, including drug-resistant bacteria. the objectives of this investigation were to isolate and identify antibacterial substances producing lab from hentak, a traditional fermented fish product of manipur (north-east india), and to optimize the production of antagonistic substances present in cell free neutralized supernatant (cfns) against enteric bacterial pathogens using the 'one ... | 2016 | 27795886 |
| biophysical characterization of the type iii secretion tip proteins and the tip proteins attached to bacterium-like particles. | bacterium-like particles (blps), derived from lactococcus lactis, offer a self-adjuvanting delivery vehicle for subunit protein vaccines. proteins can be specifically loaded onto the blps via a peptidoglycan anchoring (pa) domain. in this study, the tip proteins ipad, sipd, and lcrv belonging to type iii secretion systems of shigella flexneri, salmonella enterica, and yersinia enterocolitica, respectively, were fused to the pa and loaded onto the blps. herein, we biophysically characterized thes ... | 2015 | 24916512 |
| characteristics of volatile organic compounds produced from five pathogenic bacteria by headspace-solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | the characteristics of volatile compounds from five different bacterial species, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes, growing, respectively, in trypticase soy broth were monitored by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the results showed that most volatile organic compounds (vocs) of five pathogens started to increase after the sixth to tenth hour. methyl ketones and long c ... | 2017 | 27874211 |
| the development of methods for the detection of salmonella in chickens by a combination of immunomagnetic separation and pcrs. | micro- and nanoimmunomagnetic beads (mimbs and nimbs) used for immunomagnetic separation (ims) with pcr were studied for the rapid detection of salmonella. the capture efficiency of the two different imbs was evaluated by a conventional plate counting method, and the binding pattern was studied using scanning electron microscopy. the specificity of the imbs was tested with salmonella, shigella flexneri, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes. by comparing the pre- ... | 2016 | 27730684 |
| intestinal organoids as a novel tool to study microbes-epithelium interactions. | the gut, particularly the colon, is the host of approximately 1000 bacterial species, the so-called gut microbiota. the relationship between the gut microbiota and the host is symbiotic and mutualistic, influencing many aspects of the biology of the host. this homeostatic balance can be disrupted by enteric pathogens, such as shigella flexneri or listeria monocytogenes, which are able to invade the epithelial layer and consequently subvert physiological functions. to study the host-microbe inter ... | 2016 | 27628134 |
| development of a multi-pathogen enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of five common foodborne pathogens. | the objective of the present study was to formulate a multi-pathogen enrichment broth which could support the simultaneous growth of five common foodborne pathogens (salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, shigella flexneri, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7). the formulated broth sssle was composed of potassium tellurite, bile salt, lithium chloride, and sodium chloride as growth-inhibitors; glucose, esculin, mannitol and sodium pyruvate as growth-promoters. compared with ... | 2015 | 26782652 |
| effect of x-ray treatments on escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, salmonella enterica and inherent microbiota on whole mangoes. | the aims of this investigation were to; (i) study the effect of x-ray treatments in reducing escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri on whole mangoes, and (ii) study the effect of x-ray treatments on microflora counts (mesophilic counts, psychrotrophic counts and yeast and mould counts) of whole mangoes during storage at ambient temperature (22°c) for 30 days. a mixture of three strains of each test organism was spot inoculated (100 μl; approx. ... | 2016 | 26518738 |
| bacterial spread from cell to cell: beyond actin-based motility. | several intracellular pathogens display the ability to propagate within host tissues by displaying actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells. as motile bacteria reach cell-cell contacts they form plasma membrane protrusions that project into adjacent cells and resolve into vacuoles from which the pathogen escapes, thereby achieving spread from cell to cell. seminal studies have defined the bacterial and cellular factors that support actin-based motility. by contrast, the mechanisms s ... | 2015 | 26021574 |
| the class ii phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase pik3c2a promotes shigella flexneri dissemination through formation of vacuole-like protrusions. | intracellular pathogens such as shigella flexneri and listeria monocytogenes achieve dissemination in the intestinal epithelium by displaying actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells. as they reach the cell periphery, motile bacteria form plasma membrane protrusions that resolve into vacuoles in adjacent cells, through a poorly understood mechanism. here, we report on the role of the class ii phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase pik3c2a in s. flexneri dissemination. time-lapse mi ... | 2015 | 25667265 |
| electron tomography and simulation of baculovirus actin comet tails support a tethered filament model of pathogen propulsion. | several pathogens induce propulsive actin comet tails in cells they invade to disseminate their infection. they achieve this by recruiting factors for actin nucleation, the arp2/3 complex, and polymerization regulators from the host cytoplasm. owing to limited information on the structural organization of actin comets and in particular the spatial arrangement of filaments engaged in propulsion, the underlying mechanism of pathogen movement is currently speculative and controversial. using electr ... | 2014 | 24453943 |
| molecular mechanisms of cell-cell spread of intracellular bacterial pathogens. | several bacterial pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri and rickettsia spp., have evolved mechanisms to actively spread within human tissues. spreading is initiated by the pathogen-induced recruitment of host filamentous (f)-actin. f-actin forms a tail behind the microbe, propelling it through the cytoplasm. the motile pathogen then encounters the host plasma membrane, forming a bacterium-containing protrusion that is engulfed by an adjacent cell. over the past two decad ... | 2013 | 23864553 |
| effect of x-ray treatments on pathogenic bacteria, inherent microbiota, color, and texture on parsley leaves. | this work is a part of systematic studies of the effect of x-ray treatments on fresh produce. the main objective of this investigation was to study the effects of x-ray treatments in reducing the concentration of artificially inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica, and shigella flexneri, and inherent microbiota on parsley leaves. the secondary objective was to study the effects of x-ray treatments on color and texture parameters on treated parsley leaves ... | 2012 | 23035726 |
| effects of x-ray treatments on pathogenic bacteria, inherent microflora, color, and firmness on whole cantaloupe. | inactivation of inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri on whole cantaloupes using x-ray at different doses (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kgy) was studied. the effect of x-ray on quality parameters (color and texture) of untreated and treated whole cantaloupes was instrumentally determined. the effect of x-ray on microflora counts (mesophilic counts, psychrotrophic counts and yeast and mold counts) of untreated and treated whole canta ... | 2012 | 22560020 |
| shigella flexneri utilize the spectrin cytoskeleton during invasion and comet tail generation. | the spectrin cytoskeleton is emerging as an important host cell target of enteric bacterial pathogens. recent studies have identified a crucial role for spectrin and its associated proteins during key pathogenic processes of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium infections. here we investigate the involvement of spectrin cytoskeletal components during the pathogenesis of the invasive pathogen shigella flexneri. | 2012 | 22424399 |
| development and evaluation of a multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of five foodborne pathogens. | to develop a rapid multiplex pcr method for simultaneous detection of five major foodborne pathogens (staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis and shigella flexneri, respectively). | 2012 | 22268759 |
| alpk1 controls tifa/traf6-dependent innate immunity against heptose-1,7-bisphosphate of gram-negative bacteria. | during infection by invasive bacteria, epithelial cells contribute to innate immunity via the local secretion of inflammatory cytokines. these are directly produced by infected cells or by uninfected bystanders via connexin-dependent cell-cell communication. however, the cellular pathways underlying this process remain largely unknown. here we perform a genome-wide rna interference screen and identify tifa and traf6 as central players of shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium-induced inter ... | 2017 | 28222186 |
| microbial pathogenesis meets biomechanics. | introducing concepts from soft matter physics and mechanics has largely contributed to our understanding of a variety of biological processes. in this review, we argue that this holds true for bacterial pathogenesis. we base this argument on three examples of bacterial pathogens and their interaction with host cells during infection: (i) shigella flexneri exploits actin-dependent forces to come into close contact with epithelial cells prior to invasion of the epithelium; (ii) neisseria meningiti ... | 2016 | 26849533 |
| gallic acid conjugated with gold nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and mechanism of action on foodborne pathogens. | foodborne pathogens, including plesiomonas shigelloides and shigella flexneri b, are the major cause of diarrheal endemics worldwide. antibiotic drug resistance is increasing. therefore, bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity, such as gallic acid (ga), are needed. gold nanoparticles (aunps) are used as drug delivery agents. this study aimed to conjugate and characterize aunp-ga and to evaluate the antibacterial activity. aunp was conjugated with ga, and the core-shell structures were ch ... | 2016 | 27555764 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a candidate bioconjugate vaccine against shigella flexneri 2a administered to healthy adults: a single-blind, randomized phase i study. | several candidate vaccines against shigella spp. are in development, but the lack of a clear correlate of protection from challenge with the induction of adequate immune responses among the youngest age groups in the developing world has hampered shigella vaccine development over the past several decades. bioconjugation technology, exploited here for an shigella flexneri 2a candidate vaccine, offers a novel and potentially cost-effective way to develop and produce vaccines against a major pathog ... | 2016 | 27581434 |
| gallesia integrifolia (spreng.) harms: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities and mode of action. | gallesia integrifolia (phytolaccaceae) is commonly known as "pau-d'alho" in brazil or "garlic plant" due to the strong scent of garlic peculiar to all parts of the plant. the bark decoction is used for the treatment of microbial infections among other diseases by different ethnic groups in brazil, peruvian amazonians, bolivia and mosetene indians. this study aimed to advance in the antibacterial activity and characterize the mode of action of the hydroethanolic extract of the inner stem bark of ... | 2016 | 26945980 |
| the n terminus of type iii secretion needle protein yscf from yersinia pestis functions to modulate innate immune responses. | the type iii secretion system is employed by many pathogens, including the genera yersinia, shigella, pseudomonas, and salmonella, to deliver effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. the injectisome needle is formed by the polymerization of a single protein, e.g., yscf (yersinia pestis), pscf (pseudomonas aeruginosa), prgi (salmonella enterica spi-1), ssag (salmonella enterica spi-2), or mxih (shigella flexneri). in this study, we demonstrated that the n termini of some needle proteins, particul ... | 2015 | 25644012 |
| enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) have been used as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammtory, and antiangiogenic due to its unique properties such as physical, chemical, and biological properties. the present study was aimed to investigate antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics against various human pathogenic bacteria. here, we show that a simple, reliable, cost effective and green method for the synthesi ... | 2014 | 25136281 |
| murine solid tumours as a novel model to study bacterial biofilm formation in vivo. | bacteria of many species are able to invade and colonize solid tumours in mice. we have focused on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. detailed analysis revealed that such tumour-invading salmonella form biofilms, thus providing a versatile in vivo test system for studying bacterial phenotypes and host-pathogen interactions. it appears that biofilm formation by s. typhimurium is induced as a defence against the immune system of the host, and in particular against neutrophils. further, we ex ... | 2014 | 24724621 |
| in vitro screening and in silico validation revealed key microbes for higher production of significant therapeutic enzyme l-asparaginase. | l-asparaginase is an enzyme of medical prominence and reputable as a chemotherapeutic agent. it also has immense potential to cure autoimmune and infectious diseases. the vast application of this enzyme in healthcare sector increases its market demand. however, presently the huge market demand is not achieved completely. this serves the basis to explore better producer microbial strains to bridge the gap between huge demand and supply of this therapeutic enzyme. the present study deals with the ... | 2017 | 28110669 |
| proteolytic elimination of n-myristoyl modifications by the shigella virulence factor ipaj. | protein n-myristoylation is a 14-carbon fatty-acid modification that is conserved across eukaryotic species and occurs on nearly 1% of the cellular proteome. the ability of the myristoyl group to facilitate dynamic protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions (known as the myristoyl switch) makes it an essential feature of many signal transduction systems. thus pathogenic strategies that facilitate protein demyristoylation would markedly alter the signalling landscape of infected host cells ... | 2013 | 23535599 |
| shigella flexneri t3ss effector ipah4.5 modulates the host inflammatory response via interaction with nf-κb p65 protein. | shigella species possess a type iii secretion system (t3ss), which is required for human infection and that delivers effector proteins into target host cells. here, we show that the effector, ipah4.5 dampens the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. in both the sereny test and a murine lung infection model, the shigella δipah4.5 mutant strain caused more severe inflammatory responses and significantly induced higher pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (mip-2 and tnf-α) in the lung homogenates of wild ... | 2013 | 23083102 |
| bacterial virulence proteins as tools to rewire kinase pathways in yeast and immune cells. | bacterial pathogens have evolved specific effector proteins that, by interfacing with host kinase signalling pathways, provide a mechanism to evade immune responses during infection. although these effectors contribute to pathogen virulence, we realized that they might also serve as valuable synthetic biology reagents for engineering cellular behaviour. here we exploit two effector proteins, the shigella flexneri ospf protein and yersinia pestis yoph protein, to rewire kinase-mediated responses ... | 2012 | 22820255 |
| conserved transmembrane glycine residues in the shigella flexneri polysaccharide co-polymerase protein wzzb influence protein-protein interactions. | the o antigen (oag) component of lipopolysaccharides (lps) is crucial for virulence and oag chain-length regulation is controlled by the polysaccharide co-polymerase class 1 (pcp1) proteins. crystal structure analyses indicate that structural conservation among pcp1 proteins is highly maintained, however the mechanism of oag modal-chain-length control remains to be fully elucidated. shigella flexneri pcp1 protein wzzbsf confers a modal-chain length of 10-17 oag repeat units (rus), whereas the sa ... | 2016 | 27028755 |
| convergent evolution in the assembly of polyubiquitin degradation signals by the shigella flexneri ipah9.8 ligase. | the human pathogen shigella flexneri subverts host function and defenses by deploying a cohort of effector proteins via a type iii secretion system. the ipah family of 10 such effectors mimics ubiquitin ligases but bears no sequence or structural homology to their eukaryotic counterpoints. using rates of (125)i-polyubiquitin chain formation as a functional read out, ipah9.8 displays v-type positive cooperativity with respect to varying concentrations of its ubc5b∼(125)i-ubiquitin thioester co-su ... | 2014 | 25342744 |
| a gene knock-in method used to purify plasmid pspi12 from salmonella enterica serovar pullorum and characterization of ipaj. | a small plasmid with 4080 bp long, designated pspi12, was purified from salmonella enterica serovar pullorum using a gene knock-in method by inserting a kanamycin resistance cassette in the plasmid. the g+c content of the plasmid was 51.8%, which is in the range of salmonella genomic dna. a sequence analysis revealed that pspi12 had 99.1% homology to psfd10, which was first reported in the vaccine strain s. enterica serovar chloreaesuis c500, but not prevalent among other strains of s. chloreaes ... | 2014 | 24468333 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella spp. from meat and dairy products in egypt. | foodborne pathogens are a major threat to food safety, especially in developing countries where hygiene and sanitation facilities are often poor. salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella spp. are among the major causes of outbreaks of foodborne diseases. this large-scale study investigated the prevalence of these foodborne pathogens in meat (beef and chicken) and dairy products collected from street vendors, butchers, retail markets and slaughterhouses in egypt. a total of 1600 ... | 2014 | 24239976 |
| mait cells detect and efficiently lyse bacterially-infected epithelial cells. | mucosal associated invariant t cells (mait) are innate t lymphocytes that detect a large variety of bacteria and yeasts. this recognition depends on the detection of microbial compounds presented by the evolutionarily conserved major-histocompatibility-complex (mhc) class i molecule, mr1. here we show that mait cells display cytotoxic activity towards mr1 overexpressing non-hematopoietic cells cocultured with bacteria. the nk receptor, cd161, highly expressed by mait cells, modulated the cytokin ... | 2013 | 24130485 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pvqs1 containing a quinolone resistance determinant from salmonella enterica serovar virchow associated with foreign travel. | nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serovars kentucky (n = 5) and virchow (n = 6) cultured from individuals were investigated for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants. | 2012 | 22553140 |
| [antagonistic activity of lactobacilli of the colon]. | study of antagonistic activity of lactobacilli of the colon against members of its autochthonous bacterial flora and agents of some acute infectious and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. | 2012 | 22442970 |
| a role for the ankyrin repeat containing protein ankrd17 in nod1- and nod2-mediated inflammatory responses. | innate immune responses induced by the pattern-recognition receptors nod1 and nod2 play pivotal roles to combat infection and to instruct adaptive immunity. here we identify ankrd17 as a novel binding partner of nod2 and show that its n-terminal domain mediates nod2 binding. knock-down and overexpression analysis revealed that ankrd17 is functionally involved in nod2- and nod1-mediated responses in human myeloid and epithelial cells. in hela cells ankrd17 contributed to pro-inflammatory response ... | 2013 | 23711367 |
| virulotyping of shigella spp. isolated from pediatric patients in tehran, iran. | shigellosis is a considerable infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. in this survey the prevalence of four important virulence genes including ial, ipah, set1a, and set1b were investigated among shigella strains and the related gene profiles identified in the present investigation, stool specimens were collected from children who were referred to two hospitals in tehran, iran. the samples were collected during 3 years (2008-2010) from children who were sus ... | 2017 | 28218003 |