| nitrogen-fixing legume tree species for the reclamation of severely degraded lands in brazil. | the main challenges faced in the reclamation of severely degraded lands are in the management of the systems and finding plant species that will grow under the harsh conditions common in degraded soils. this is especially important in extremely adverse situations found in some substrates from mining activities or soils that have lost their upper horizons. under these conditions, recolonization of the area by native vegetation through natural succession processes may be extremely limited. once th ... | 2011 | 21378065 |
| tomato 14-3-3 protein tft7 interacts with a map kinase kinase to regulate immunity-associated programmed cell death mediated by diverse disease resistance proteins. | programmed cell death (pcd) associated with immunity is triggered when a plant disease resistance (r) protein recognizes a corresponding pathogen virulence protein. in tomato, detection by the host pto kinase of the pseudomonas syringae proteins avrpto or avrptob causes localized pcd. previously, we reported that both mapkkka (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase) and the tomato 14-3-3 protein 7 (tft7) positively regulate pto-mediated pcd in tomato and nicotiana benthamiana. in additio ... | 2011 | 21378171 |
| function and evolution of nodulation genes in legumes. | root nodule (rn) symbiosis has a unique feature in which symbiotic bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen. the symbiosis is established with a limited species of land plants, including legumes. how rn symbiosis evolved is still a mystery, but recent findings on legumes genes that are necessary for rn symbiosis may give us a clue. | 2011 | 21380559 |
| [activity of main enzymes of ammonium assimilation in bradyrhizobium japonicum under the influence of plant flavonoid inductors]. | the activity of key enzymes of ammonium assimilation in cell-free extracts of soybean rhizobia characterized with different effectiveness in symbiosis, has been researched. it has been found out that at highly efficient strain bradyrhizobium japonicum ukm b-6035 the most active links in the system of ammonium assimilation reactions are glutamate synthase (glutamate-oxoglutarate-aminotransferase, gogat) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh). whereas the most active links at the ineffective strain b. ... | 2010 | 21381313 |
| recombinant expression of homodimeric 660-ákda human thyroglobulin in soybean seeds: an alternative source of human thyroglobulin. | soybean seeds possess many qualities that make them ideal targets for the production of recombinant proteins. however, one quality often overlooked is their ability to stockpile large amounts of complex storage proteins. because of this characteristic, we hypothesized that soybean seeds would support recombinant expression of large and complex proteins that are currently difficult or impossible to express using traditional plant and non-plant-based host systems. to test this hypothesis, we trans ... | 2011 | 21384258 |
| improved drought and salt tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis overexpressing a nac transcriptional factor from arachis hypogaea. | the nac (nam, ataf, and cuc) proteins share a highly conserved nac domain and constitute a large family of plant-specific transcriptional factors. we have isolated a drought-induced nac gene from arachis hypogaea, named ahnac2 (arachis hypogaea nac2) but its specific role remains unknown. in this study, we found that transgenic arabidopsis overexpressing ahnac2 lines were hypersensitive to aba in root growth, seed germination, and stomatal closure compared to wild type arabidopsis. the transgeni ... | 2011 | 21389632 |
| insecticide-tolerant and plant-growth-promoting rhizobium improves the growth of lentil (lens esculentus) in insecticide-stressed soils. | application of insecticides in modern agriculture in order to enhance legume production has led to their accumulation in soils to levels that adversely affect soil microflora such as rhizobia and exert a negative impact on the physiological activities associated with them. this study was therefore designed to identify rhizobial strains expressing higher tolerance to insecticides fipronil and pyriproxyfen and synthesising plant growth regulators even amid insecticide stress. | 2011 | 21394875 |
| determination of the electrokinetic potential of rhizobium leguminosarum bv trifolii rt24.2 using laser doppler velocimetry--a methodological study. | electrokinetic potential (+â, zeta potential) is one of the parameters which characterize the physicochemical properties of the bacterial cell envelope. the term is often used in the context of adhesiveness of bacteria and biofilm formation. this work presents the methodological aspects of zeta potential determination in strain rt24.2 of rhizobium leguminosarum using laser doppler velocimetry combined with phase analysis light scattering and changed electric field techniques. the influence of me ... | 2011 | 21397639 |
| multilocus sequence-based analysis delineates a clonal population of agrobacterium (rhizobium) radiobacter (agrobacterium tumefaciens) of human origin. | the genus agrobacterium includes plant-associated bacteria and opportunistic human pathogens. taxonomy and nomenclature within the genus remain controversial. in particular, isolates of human origin were all affiliated with the species agrobacterium (rhizobium) radiobacter, while phytopathogenic strains were designated under the synonym denomination agrobacterium tumefaciens. in order to study the relative distribution of agrobacterium strains according to their origins, we performed a multilocu ... | 2011 | 21398532 |
| the dimer interface of agrobacterium tumefaciens virb8 is important for type iv secretion system function, stability, and association of virb2 with the core complex. | type iv secretion systems are virulence factors used by many gram-negative bacteria to translocate macromolecules across the cell envelope. virb8 is an essential inner membrane component of type iv secretion systems, and it is believed to form a homodimer. in the absence of virb8, the levels of several other virb proteins were reduced (virb1, virb3, virb4, virb5, virb6, virb7, and virb11) in agrobacterium tumefaciens, underlining its importance for complex stability. to assess the importance of ... | 2011 | 21398549 |
| development of functional symbiotic white clover root hairs and nodules requires tightly regulated production of rhizobial cellulase celc2. | the establishment of rhizobia as nitrogen-fixing endosymbionts within legume root nodules requires the disruption of the plant cell wall to breach the host barrier at strategic infection sites in the root hair tip and at points of bacterial release from infection threads (it) within the root cortex. we previously found that rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii uses its chromosomally encoded celc2 cellulase to erode the noncrystalline wall at the apex of root hairs, thereby creating the primary p ... | 2011 | 21405987 |
| agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of prunus as an alternative for gene functional analysis in hairy-roots and composite plants. | resistant rootstocks offer an alternative to pesticides for the control of soil pests. in prunus spp., resistance loci to root-knot nematodes (rkn) have been mapped and a transformation method is needed to validate candidate genes. our efforts have focused on the generation of transformed hairy-roots and composite plants appropriate for nematode infection assays. an efficient and reliable method using the a4r strain of agrobacterium rhizogenes for the transformation of prunus roots with an egfp ... | 2011 | 21409553 |
| controlling myzus persicae with recombinant endophytic fungi chaetomium globosum expressing pinellia ternata agglutinin: using recombinant endophytic fungi to control aphids. | sap-sucking insect pests have become the major threats to many crops in recent years; however, only a few biopesticides have been developed for controlling those pests. here, we developed a novel pest management strategy, which uses endophytes to express anti-pest plant lectins. | 2011 | 21414115 |
| rhizobium radiobacter wound infection in a patient with diabetes--fact, factitious or just plain unlucky? | | 2011 | 21421546 |
| an agrobacterium virb10 mutation conferring a type iv secretion system gating defect. | agrobacterium virb7, virb9, and virb10 form a "core complex" during biogenesis of the virb/vird4 type iv secretion system (t4ss). virb10 spans the cell envelope and, in response to sensing of atp energy consumption by the virb/d4 atpases, undergoes a conformational change required for dna transfer across the outer membrane (om). here, we tested a model in which virb10 regulates substrate passage by screening for mutations that allow for unregulated release of the vire2 secretion substrate to the ... | 2011 | 21421757 |
| rhizobium taibaishanense sp. nov., a novel species isolated from root nodule of kummerowia striata in china. | during a study of the diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of kummerowia striata grown in the northwest of china, four strains were classified in the genus rhizobium on the basis of their 16s rrna gene sequences. these strains have identical 16s rrna genes, except for the one isolated from yangling with one base-pair different from the other. their sequences showed a mean similarity of 99.3% with the most closely related species, rhizobium vitis. analysis of reca and gl ... | 2011 | 21421926 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in citrus leaves: a rapid tool for gene expression and functional gene assay. | in this study, we present a method for transient expression of the type iii effector avrgf1 from xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain a(w) in grapefruit leaves (citrus paradisi) via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the coding sequence of avrgf1 was placed under the control of the constitutive camv 35s promoter in the binary vectors pgwb2 and pgwb5. infiltration of grapefruit leaves with a. tumefaciens carrying these constructs triggered a hypersensitive response (hr) in grapefruit 4 days after inocul ... | 2011 | 21424250 |
| pvrack1 loss-of-function impairs cell expansion and morphogenesis in phaseolus vulgaris l. root nodules. | receptor for activated c kinase (rack1) is a highly conserved, eukaryotic protein of the wd-40 repeat family. its peculiar ß-propeller structure allows its interaction with multiple proteins in various plant signal-transduction pathways, including those arising from hormone responses, development, and environmental stress. during phaseolus vulgaris root development, rack1 (pvrack1) mrna expression was induced by auxins, abscissic acid, cytokinin, and gibberellic acid. in addition, during p. vulg ... | 2011 | 21425924 |
| rice root-associated bacteria: insights into community structures across 10 cultivars. | in this study, the effects of plant genotype, soil type and nutrient use efficiency on the composition of different bacterial communities associated with rice roots were investigated. thus, total bacteria, alpha- and betaproteobacteria, pseudomonas and actinobacteria were studied using pcr, followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). rice genotype determined, to a large extent, the composition of the different bacterial communities across cultivars. several cultivars belongin ... | 2011 | 21426364 |
| probing the allosteric activation of pyruvate carboxylase using 2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate as a fluorescent mimic of the allosteric activator acetyl coa. | 2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (tnp-atp) is a fluorescent analogue of atp. mgtnp-atp was found to be an allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase that exhibits competition with acetyl coa in activating the enzyme. there is no evidence that mgtnp-atp binds to the mgatp substrate binding site of the enzyme. at concentrations above saturating, mgatp activates bicarbonate-dependent atp cleavage, but inhibits the overall reaction. the fluorescence of mgtnp-atp increases b ... | 2011 | 21426897 |
| [effects of different factors on transformed hairy root in gynostemm apentaphyllum]. | to induce hairy roots of gynostemm apentaphyllum by agrobacterium rhizogenes strains. | 2010 | 21434425 |
| expression analysis and purification of human recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rt-pa) from transgenic tobacco plants. | recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-pa) has been produced in different hosts. in this research, transgenic tobacco was selected for production of human rt-pa. transgenic plants were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse-transcription (rt)-pcr. the protein was extracted by lysine sepharose chromatography column and was further purified by hitrap desalting column. the function of eluted protein was analyzed on zymography gel. the results showed that the 1.7-kb cdna ... | 2011 | 21442553 |
| [hypoxic stress and the transport systems of the peribacteroid membrane of bean root nodules]. | when the roots of vicia faba l. beans were subjected to hypoxic stress, the activity of h(+)-atpase on the peribacteroid membrane, as well as the transport of dicarboxylates (malate and succinate) mediated by this enzyme, decreased. since malate and succinate are the main carbon-containing metabolites involved in the energy supply to bacteroids, this caused a change of the relation type from mutualism to commensalism, and the domination of the eukaryote over the prokaryote consequently increased ... | 2011 | 21442915 |
| transgenic rice expressing amyloid ß-peptide for oral immunization. | various vaccine therapies for alzheimer's disease (ad) have been investigated. here we report transgenic rice expressing amyloid ß-peptide (aß). the aß42 gene fused with a green fluorescent protein gene was introduced into rice using the agrobacterium method. when transgenic brown rice expressing aß was orally administered to mice, serum anti-aß antibody titers were elevated. the same results were observed when mice were fed boiled, transgenic brown rice. the results indicate that an edible vacc ... | 2011 | 21448341 |
| symbiotic properties and first analyses of the genomic sequence of the fast growing model strain sinorhizobium fredii hh103 nodulating soybean. | glycine max (soybean) plants can be nodulated by fast-growing rhizobial strains of the genus sinorhizobium as well as by slow-growing strains clustered in the genus bradyrhizobium. fast-growing rhizobia strains with different soybean cultivar specificities have been isolated from chinese soils and from other geographical regions. most of these strains have been clustered into the species sinorhizobium fredii. the s. fredii strain hh103 was isolated from soils of hubei province, central china and ... | 2011 | 21458507 |
| overexpression of the phytochrome b gene from arabidopsis thaliana increases plant growth and yield of cotton (gossypium hirsutum). | the phytochrome b (phyb) gene of arabidopsis thaliana was introduced into cotton through agrobacterium tumefaciens. integration and expression of phyb gene in cotton plants were confirmed by molecular evidence. messenger rna (mrna) expression in one of the transgenic lines, qcc11, was much higher than those of control and other transgenic lines. transgenic cotton plants showed more than a two-fold increase in photosynthetic rate and more than a four-fold increase in transpiration rate and stomat ... | 2011 | 21462389 |
| housekeeping genes essential for pantothenate biosynthesis are plasmid-encoded in rhizobium etli and rhizobium leguminosarum. | a traditional concept in bacterial genetics states that housekeeping genes, those involved in basic metabolic functions needed for maintenance of the cell, are encoded in the chromosome, whereas genes required for dealing with challenging environmental conditions are located in plasmids. exceptions to this rule have emerged from genomic sequence data of bacteria with multipartite genomes. the genome sequence of r. etli cfn42 predicts the presence of panc and panb genes clustered together on the ... | 2011 | 21463532 |
| [transformation system of aspergillus japonicus mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens]. | in to order to select aspergillus japonicus mutant strains that express high-yield of glycerol oxidase, we constructed a mutant library of aspergillus japonicus that mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | 2011 | 21465797 |
| the agrobacterium tumefaciens transcription factor blcr is regulated via oligomerization. | the agrobacterium tumefaciens blcr is a member of the emerging isocitrate lyase transcription regulators that negatively regulates metabolism of ?-butyrolactone, and its repressing function is relieved by succinate semialdehyde (ssa). our crystal structure showed that blcr folded into the dna- and ssa-binding domains and dimerized via the dna-binding domains. mutational analysis identified residues, including phe(147), that are important for ssa association; blcr(f147a) existed as tetramer. two ... | 2011 | 21467043 |
| sequence and transcriptional analysis of the genes responsible for curdlan biosynthesis in agrobacterium sp. atcc 31749 under simulated dissolved oxygen gradients conditions. | expression at the mrna level of ten selected genes in agrobacterium sp. atcc 31749 under various dissolved oxygen (do) levels during curdlan fermentation related to electron transfer chain (etc), tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle, peptidoglycan/lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and uridine diphosphate (udp)-glucose biosynthesis were determined by qrt-pcr. experiments were performed at do levels of 30%, 50%, and 75%, as well as under low-oxygen conditions. the effect of high cell density on transcrip ... | 2011 | 21472535 |
| the unfolded protein response is triggered by a plant viral movement protein. | infection with potato virus x (pvx) in nicotiana benthamiana plants leads to increased transcript levels of several stress-related host genes, including basic-region leucine zipper 60 (bzip60), skp1, er luminal binding protein (bip), protein disulfide isomerase (pdi), calreticulin (crt), and calmodulin (cam). bzip60 is a key transcription factor that responds to endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress and induces the expression of er-resident chaperones (bip, pdi, crt, and cam). skp1 is a component of ... | 2011 | 21474436 |
| anaplerotic function of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in bradyrhizobium japonicum usda110. | in bacteria, anaplerotic carbon fixation necessary for growth on carbon sources that are metabolized to three-carbon intermediates is provided by the activity of pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) and/or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppc). in contrast to other rhizobia, which encode only one of these enzymes in their genomes, bradyrhizobium japonicum usda110 encodes both. streptavidin-hrp western blot analysis of b. japonicum extracts demonstrated the presence of a biotin-containing protein whose mol ... | 2011 | 21479798 |
| quantitative analysis of dynamic protein-protein interactions in planta with a floated-leaf luciferase complementation imaging assay (fluci assay) using binary gateway-vectors. | dynamic protein-protein interactions are essential in all cellular and developmental processes. a range of protein-fragment complementation assays (pcas) allow investigating such protein-protein interactions in vivo. in contrast to other pcas, the split-luciferase (split-luc) complementation approach facilitates the dynamic and quantitative in vivo analysis of protein interactions since the reconstitution of luciferase activity upon protein-protein interaction of investigated proteins is reversi ... | 2011 | 21481030 |
| heme binding to the second, lower-affinity site of the global iron regulator irr from rhizobium leguminosarum promotes oligomerization. | the iron responsive regulator irr is found in a wide range of α-proteobacteria, where it regulates many genes in response to the essential but toxic metal iron. unlike fur, the transcriptional regulator that is used for iron homeostasis by almost all other bacterial lineages, irr does not sense fe(2+) directly, but, rather, interacts with a physiologically important form of iron, namely heme. recent studies of irr from the n(2) -fixing symbiont rhizobium leguminosarum (irr(rl) ) showed that it b ... | 2011 | 21481185 |
| regulation of signal transduction and bacterial infection during root nodule symbiosis. | among plant-microbe interactions, root nodule symbiosis is one of the most important beneficial interactions providing legume plants with nitrogenous compounds. over the past years a number of genes required for root nodule symbiosis has been identified but most recently great advances have been made to dissect signalling pathways and molecular interactions triggered by a set of receptor-like kinases. genetic and biochemical approaches have not only provided evidence for the cross talk between b ... | 2011 | 21489860 |
| naturally occurring single amino acid replacements in a regulatory protein alter streptococcal gene expression and virulence in mice. | infection with different strains of the same species of bacteria often results in vastly different clinical outcomes. despite extensive investigation, the genetic basis of microbial strain-specific virulence remains poorly understood. recent whole-genome sequencing has revealed that snps are the most prevalent form of genetic diversity among different strains of the same species of bacteria. for invasive serotype m3 group a streptococci (gas) strains, the gene encoding regulator of proteinase b ... | 2011 | 21490401 |
| generation of composite plants in medicago truncatula used for nodulation assays. | similar to agrobacterium tumerfaciens, agrobacterium rhizogenes can transfer foreign dnas into plant cells based on the autonomous root-inducing (ri) plasmid. a. rhizogenes can cause hairy root formation on plant tissues and form composite plants after transformation. on these composite plants, some of the regenerated roots are transgenic, carrying the wild type t-dna and the engineered binary vector; while the shoots are still non-transgenic, serving to provide energy and growth support. these ... | 2011 | 21490571 |
| infectious clones of tomato leaf curl palampur virus with a defective dna b and their pseudo-recombination with tomato leaf curl new delhi virus. | abstract: background: tomato leaf curl palampur virus (tolcpmv) is a bipartite begomovirus which has been reported from india and iran but infectious clones have not been obtained. we have previously shown the association of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv), a potyvirus, with severe leaf curl disease of muskmelon in pakistan. however, the severity of symptoms in the field and yield losses led us to believe that some other agent, such as a begomovirus, could be associated with the disease. res ... | 2011 | 21496256 |
| improved agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation and selectable marker elimination in transgenic rice by using a high copy number pbin19-derived binary vector. | a high copy number, selectable marker gene (smg)-free agrobacterium binary vector pbin19δnptii was constructed by deleting the nptii gene from pbin19. the binary vectors with the rk2 and pvs replication origins exist in 12 and 3 copies, respectively, in agrobacterium. the tobacco osmotin gene (ap24) was cloned in pbin19δnptii and the resultant plasmid pbin19δnptii-ap24 was mobilized into the agrobacterium tumefaciens strain c58c1 rif(r) harbouring the single-copy cointegrate vector pgv2260::pssj ... | 2011 | 21497712 |
| molecular diversity and phylogeny of rhizobia associated with lablab purpureus (linn.) grown in southern china. | as an introduced plant, lablab purpureus serves as a vegetable, herbal medicine, forage and green manure in china. in order to investigate the diversity of rhizobia associated with this plant, a total of 49 rhizobial strains isolated from ten provinces of southern china were analyzed in the present study with restriction fragment length polymorphism and/or sequence analyses of housekeeping genes (16s rrna, igs, atpd, glnii and reca) and symbiotic genes (nifh and nodc). the results defined the l. ... | 2011 | 21498018 |
| a plant based protective antigen [pa(div)] vaccine expressed in chloroplasts demonstrates protective immunity in mice against anthrax. | the currently available anthrax vaccines are limited by being incompletely characterized, potentially reactogenic and have an expanded dosage schedule. plant based vaccines offer safe alternative for vaccine production. in the present study, we expressed domain iv of bacillus anthracis protective antigen gene [pa(div)] in planta (by nuclear agrobacterium and chloroplast transformation) and e. coli [rpa(div)]. the presence of transgene and the expression of pa(div) in planta was confirmed by mole ... | 2011 | 21504775 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the plant pathogenic fungus rosellinia necatrix. | rosellinia necatrix is a soil-borne root pathogen affecting a wide range of commercially important plant species. the mycelium of r. necatrix was transformed to hygromycin b resistance by an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system using a binary plasmid vector containing the hygromycin b phosphotransferase (hph) gene controlled by the heterologous fungal aspergillus nidulans p-gpd (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) promoter and the trpc terminator. co-cultivation of r. n ... | 2011 | 21513216 |
| bradyrhizobium canariense and bradyrhizobium japonicum are the two dominant rhizobium species in root nodules of lupin and serradella plants growing in europe. | forty three bradyrhizobium strains isolated in poland from root nodules of lupin species (lupinus albus, l. angustifolius and l. luteus), and pink serradella (ornithopus sativus) were examined based on phylogenetic analyses of three housekeeping (atpd, glnii and reca) and nodulation (noda) gene sequences. additionally, seven strains originating from root-nodules of yellow serradella (o. compressus) from asinara island (italy) were included in this study. phylogenetic trees revealed that 15 serra ... | 2011 | 21514760 |
| the status of the species beijerinckia fluminensis dobereiner and ruschel 1958. request for an opinion. | in a previous article (oggerin et al., 2009) it has been shown that strain [beijerinckia fluminensis] uqm 1685t, and its derived equivalent [b. fluminensis] cip 106281t, do not conform to the description of the type strain of beijerinckia fluminensis döbereiner and ruschel 1958. indeed, both were identified as species rhizobium radiobacter strains and exhibited marked phenotypic and genotypic differences with beijerinckia spp. for which it can be concluded that both strains, and any other equiva ... | 2011 | 21515702 |
| employing site-specific recombination for conditional genetics in sinorhizobium meliloti. | the ability to remove a genetic function from an organism with good temporal resolution is crucial for characterizing essential genes or genes that act in complex developmental programs. the rhizobium-legume symbiosis involves an elaborate two-organism interaction requiring multiple levels of signal exchange. as an important step toward probing rhizobium genetic functions with temporal resolution, we present the development of a conditional gene deletion system in sinorhizobium meliloti that emp ... | 2011 | 21515717 |
| genome sequence of rhizobium etli cnpaf512, a nitrogen-fixing symbiont isolated from bean root nodules in brazil. | rhizobium etli is a gram-negative soil-dwelling alphaproteobacterium that carries out symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation in close association with legume hosts. r. etli strains exhibit high sequence divergence and are geographically structured, with a potentially dramatic influence on the outcome of symbiosis. here, we present the genome sequence of r. etli cnpaf512, a brazilian isolate from bean nodules. we anticipate that the availability of genome sequences of r. etli strains from distinc ... | 2011 | 21515775 |
| hairy root cultures for secondary metabolites production. | hairy roots (hrs) are differentiated cultures of transformed roots generated by the infection of wounded higher plants with agrobacterium rhizogenes. this pathogen causes the hr disease leading to the neoplastic growth of roots that are characterized by high growth rate in hormone free media and genetic stability. hrs produce the same phytochemicals pattern of the corresponding wild type organ. high stability and productivity features allow the exploitation of hrs as valuable biotechnological to ... | 2010 | 21520711 |
| growth temperature and salinity impact fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation in peanut-nodulating rhizobia. | growth and survival of bacteria depend on homeostasis of membrane lipids, and the capacity to adjust lipid composition to adapt to various environmental stresses. membrane fluidity is regulated in part by the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids present in membrane lipids. here, we studied the effects of high growth temperature and salinity (nacl) stress, separately or in combination, on fatty acids composition and de novo synthesis in two peanut-nodulating bradyrhizobium strains (fast- ... | 2011 | 21523564 |
| solution structure of rnase p rna. | the ribonucleoprotein enzyme ribonuclease p (rnase p) processes trnas by cleavage of precursor-trnas. rnase p is a ribozyme: the rna component catalyzes trna maturation in vitro without proteins. remarkable features of rnase p include multiple turnovers in vivo and ability to process diverse substrates. structures of the bacterial rnase p, including full-length rnas and a ternary complex with substrate, have been determined by x-ray crystallography. however, crystal structures of free rna are si ... | 2011 | 21531920 |
| effects of pseudomonas aureofaciens 63-28 on defense responses in soybean plants infected by rhizoctonia solani. | the objective of this work was to investigate the ability of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium pseudomonas aureofaciens 63-28 to induce plant defense systems, including defense-related enzyme levels and expression of defense-related isoenzymes, and isoflavone production, leading to improved resistance to the phytopathogen rhizoctonia solani ag-4 in soybean seedlings. seven-dayold soybean seedlings were inoculated with p. aureofaciens 63-28, r. solani ag-4, or p. aureofaciens 63-28 plus r ... | 2011 | 21532321 |
| changes of curdlan biosynthesis and nitrogenous compounds utilization characterized in ntrc mutant of agrobacterium sp. atcc 31749. | the regulatory function of global regulator ntrc on curdlan biosynthesis and nitrogen consumption under nitrogen-limited condition in agrobacterium sp. atcc 31749 was investigated. the ntrc mutant of agrobacterium sp. was constructed by homologous recombination. the ability to utilize nh(4)cl and kno(3) was impaired in the mutant. other nitrogenous compounds, such as glutamic acid and glutamine, were utilized normally. curdlan production capability was impaired severely in the mutant. curdlan pr ... | 2011 | 21533781 |
| transcriptional control of the general stress response in rhizobium etli. | | 2011 | 21539237 |
| alarmone-dependent regulators in rhizobium etli. | | 2011 | 21539239 |
| an autoactive mutant of the m flax rust resistance protein has a preference for binding atp, while wild-type m protein has a preference for binding adp. | resistance (r) proteins are key regulators of the plant innate immune system and are capable of pathogen detection and activation of the hypersensitive cell death immune response. to understand the molecular mechanism of r protein activation we undertook a phenotypic and biochemical study of the flax nb-arc-lrr protein, m. using agrobacterium -mediated transient expression in flax cotyledons, site-directed mutations of key residues within the p-loop, kinase-2 and mhd motifs within the nb-arc dom ... | 2011 | 21539434 |
| [evolution of legume-rhizobium symbiosis for an improved ecological efficiency and genotypic specificity of partner interactions]. | mathematical simulation of the evolution of polymorphic legume-rhizobium symbiosis showed that co-evolution of the partners for an improved ecological efficiency of symbiosis is greatly stimulated when low-active n2-fixing and non-n2-fixing strains of nodule bacteria are prohibited from colonizing nodules. the results of analysis of the model were collated with the comparative morphology of the infection process in various legumes, and its was assumed that mechanisms controlling bacterial reprod ... | 2011 | 21542310 |
| invasion by invitation: rhizobial infection in legumes. | nodulation of legume roots typically begins with rhizobia attaching to the tip of a growing root-hair cell. the attached rhizobia secrete nod factors (nf), which are perceived by the plant. this initiates a series of preinfection events that include cytoskeletal rearrangements, curling at the root-hair tip, and formation of radially aligned cytoplasmic bridges called preinfection threads (pit) in outer cortical cells. within the root-hair curl, an infection pocket filled with bacteria forms, fro ... | 2011 | 21542766 |
| efficient production of human acidic fibroblast growth factor in pea (pisum sativum l.) plants by agroinfection of germinated seeds. | abstract: background: for efficient and large scale production of recombinant proteins in plants transient expression by agroinfection has a number of advantages over stable transformation. simple manipulationrapid analysis and high expression efficiency are possible. in pea, pisum sativum, a virus induced gene silencing system using the pea early browning virus has been converted into an efficient agroinfection system by converting the two rna genomes of the virus into binary expression vectors ... | 2011 | 21548923 |
| visualization of resistance responses in phaseolus vulgaris using reporter tagged clones of bean common mosaic virus. | reporter tagged virus clones can provide detailed information on virus-host interactions. in phaseolus vulgaris (bean), four recessive and one dominant gene are known to control infection by strains of the potyvirus species bean common mosaic virus (bcmv). to study the interactions between bcmv and bean genotypes with different resistance gene combinations, an infectious clone of the strain ru1 was tagged with the uida gene encoding β-glucuronidase (gus). the clone was agroinoculated to bean gen ... | 2011 | 21549773 |
| endophytic bacteria in the rice plant. | endophytic bacteria are defined as bacteria detected inside surface-sterilized plants or extracted from inside plants and having no visibly harmful effects on the plants. various kinds of endophytic bacteria, such as pantoea, methylobacterium, azospirillum, herbaspirillum, burkholderia and rhizobium etc., have been found inside rice plants. this minireview summarizes and discusses recent studies of endophytic bacteria residing in rice plants, focusing on flora, origin, movement, and interaction ... | 2008 | 21558696 |
| impact of organic fertilizers with and without chemical fertilizers on soil chemical properties and the establishment of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere. | effects of organic fertilizers with and without the application of chemical fertilizers for seven years as part of a wheat-pearl millet cropping sequence on soil chemical properties and the establishment of nitrogen fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere were examined. the application of farmyard manure, poultry manure, and sugarcane filter cake alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers improved the soil organic c, total n, p, and k status. larger populations of azotobacter chroococcum and r ... | 2008 | 21558724 |
| bacterial population dynamics in a reverse-osmosis water purification system determined by fluorescent staining and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | the bacterial population dynamics in an industrial scale reverse-osmosis (ro) water purification system were analyzed by fluorescent staining methods and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). bacterial numbers increased with storage in a tank, and bacterial diversity changed during the water purification process. a dna sequence-based analysis of the major bands on the dgge gel revealed that simonsiella sp. (betaproteobacteria) was abundant in the source water (activated sludge-treated ... | 2009 | 21566369 |
| obtaining of transgenic french bean plants (phaseolus vulgaris l.) resistant to the herbicide pursuit by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | the transgenic plants of french bean (phaseolus vulgaris) resistant herbicide pursuit and kanamycin have been obtained. the genetic transformation was carried out with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 containing binary vector carrying mutant ahas/als and selective nptii genes. integration of the transgenes into plant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. | 2011 | 21568221 |
| variations in outer-membrane characteristics of two stem-nodulating bacteria of sesbania rostrata and its role in tolerance towards diverse stress. | outer-membrane characteristics may determine the survivability of rhizobia under diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. therefore, the role of lipopolysaccharides (lps) and membrane proteins of two stem-nodulating bacteria of sesbania rostrata (azorhizobium caulinodans ors571 and rhizobium sp. we7) in determining tolerance towards abiotic and biotic stresses (hydrophobics and phages) was investigated. outer-membrane characteristics (lps and membrane-protein profiles) of ors571, we7 and thirteen st ... | 2011 | 21573832 |
| [agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of aspergillus niger conidiospores and sequence analysis of t-dna insertion site in conidiation-defective mutant]. | development of a method of transforming aspergillus niger conidiospores with agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna system and using it as a tool for genome annotation via construction a t-dna insertion mutant library of a. niger. | 2011 | 21574390 |
| the determinants of the actinorhizal symbiosis. | the actinorhizal symbiosis is a major contributor to the global nitrogen budget, playing a dominant role in ecological successions following disturbances. the mechanisms involved are still poorly known but there emerges the vision that on the plant side, the kinases that transmit the symbiotic signal are conserved with those involved in the transmission of the rhizobium nod signal in legumes. however, on the microbial side, complementation with frankia dna of rhizobium nod mutants failed to perm ... | 2010 | 21576879 |
| a β-glucuronidase (gus) based cell death assay. | we have developed a novel transient plant expression system that simultaneously expresses the reporter gene, β-glucuronidase (gus), with putative positive or negative regulators of cell death. in this system, n. benthamiana leaves are co-infiltrated with a 35s driven expression cassette containing the gene to be analyzed, and the gus vector pcambia 2301 using agrobacterium strain lba4404 as a vehicle. because live cells are required for gus expression to occur, loss of gus activity is expected w ... | 2011 | 21587161 |
| soybean transcription factor gmmybz2 represses catharanthine biosynthesis in hairy roots of catharanthus roseus. | catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don is a plant species known for its production of a variety of terpenoid indole alkaloids, many of which have pharmacological activities. production of catharanthine in cell cultures or in hairy roots established by transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes is of interest because catharanthine can be chemically coupled to the abundant leaf alkaloid vindoline to form the valuable anticancer drug vinblastine. here, we observed a high amount of catharanthine in hairy ... | 2011 | 21590290 |
| a shigella boydii bacteriophage which resembles salmonella phage vii. | abstract: background: lytic bacteriophages have been applied successfully to control the growth of various foodborne pathogens. sequencing of their genomes is considered as an important preliminary step to ensure their safety prior to food applications. results: the lytic bacteriophage, phisbom-ag3, targets the important foodborne pathogen, shigella. it is morphologically similar to phage vii of salmonella enterica serovar typhi and a series of phages of acinetobacter calcoaceticus and rhizobium ... | 2011 | 21595934 |
| agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of coffea arabica (l.) is greatly enhanced by using established embryogenic callus cultures. | abstract: background: following genome sequencing of crop plants, one of the main challenges today is determining the function of all the predicted genes. when gene validation approaches are used for woody species, the main obstacle is the low recovery rate of transgenic plants from elite or commercial cultivars. embryogenic calli have frequently been the target tissue for transformation, but the difficulty in producing or maintaining embryogenic tissues is one of the main problems encountered i ... | 2011 | 21595964 |
| nodulation-gene-inducing flavonoids increase overall production of autoinducers and expression of n-acyl homoserine lactone synthesis genes in rhizobia. | legume-nodulating rhizobia use n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) to regulate several physiological traits related to the symbiotic plant-microbe interaction. in this work, we show that sinorhizobium fredii smh12, rhizobium etli isp42 and rhizobium sullae is123, three rhizobial strains with different nodulation ranges, produced a similar pattern of ahl molecules, sharing, in all cases, production of n-octanoyl homoserine lactone and its 3-oxo and/or 3-hydroxy derivatives. interestingly, productio ... | 2011 | 21600980 |
| development of real-time pcr assay for detection and quantification of rhizobium leguminosarum and discrimination between different biovars in soil contaminated with zinc. | primers were designed to target 16s rrna and nodd genes of rhizobium leguminosarum from dna extracted from two different soil types contaminated with zn applied in sewage sludge. numbers of rhizobia estimated using 16s rrna gene copy number were in higher abundance than those estimated by both nodd and the most probable number (mpn) enumeration method using a plant trap host. both 16s rrna gene copies and the mpn rhizobia declined with increased levels of zn contamination as did the abundance of ... | 2011 | 21602380 |
| a plant growth-promoting pseudomonad is closely related to the pseudomonas syringae complex of plant pathogens. | pseudomonas putida gr12-2 is well known as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr), however, phylogenetic analysis using the 16s rrna gene and four housekeeping genes indicated that this strain forms a monophyletic group with the pseudomonas syringae complex, which is composed of several species of plant pathogens. on the basis of these sequence analyses we suggest that p. putida gr12-2 be redesignated as p. syringae gr12-2. to compare the ecological roles of p. syringae gr12-2 with its c ... | 2011 | 21609343 |
| microbial degradation of microcystin in florida's freshwaters. | presence of microcystin (mc), a predominant freshwater algal toxin and a suspected liver carcinogen, in florida's freshwaters poses serious health threat to humans and aquatic species. being recalcitrant to conventional physical and chemical water treatment methods, biological methods of mc removal is widely researched. water samples collected from five sites of lake okeechobee (lo) frequently exposed to toxic microcystis blooms were used as inoculum for enrichment with microcystin lr (mc-lr) su ... | 2011 | 21611743 |
| docking of chitin oligomers and nod factors on lectin domains of the lysm-rlk receptors in the medicago-rhizobium symbiosis. | | 2011 | 21618127 |
| intragenomic diversity of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii clover nodule isolates. | abstract: background: soil bacteria from the genus rhizobium are characterized by a complex genomic architecture comprising chromosome and large plasmids. genes responsible for symbiotic interactions with legumes are usually located on one of the plasmids, named the symbiotic plasmid (psym). the plasmids have a great impact not only on the metabolic potential of rhizobia but also underlie genome rearrangements and plasticity. results: here, we analyzed the distribution and sequence variability o ... | 2011 | 21619713 |
| repabc-based replication systems of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ta1 plasmids: incompatibility and evolutionary analyses. | soil bacteria of the genus rhizobium possess complex genomes consisting of a chromosome and in addition, often, multiple extrachromosomal replicons, which are usually equipped with repabc genes that control their replication and partition. the replication regions of four plasmids of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ta1 (rtta1) were identified and characterized. they all contained a complete set of repabc genes. the structural diversity of the rep regions of rtta1 plasmids was demonstrated fo ... | 2011 | 21620885 |
| diversity of nodule-endophytic agrobacteria-like strains associated with different grain legumes in tunisia. | this study represents the first report describing the genetic diversity of nodule-endophytic agrobacteria isolated from diverse legumes and their phylogenetic relationships with the valid species of agrobacteria, as well as the non-recognized genomospecies of the former agrobacterium tumefaciens (rhizobium radiobacter). the genetic diversity of a collection of 18 non-nodulating agrobacteria-like strains, previously isolated from root nodules of vicia faba, cicer arietinum and phaseolus vulgaris ... | 2011 | 21621936 |
| the celc gene, a new phylogenetic marker useful for taxonomic studies in rhizobium. | the celc gene codifies for a cellulase that fulfils a very significant role in the infection process of clover by rhizobium leguminosarum. this gene is located in the celabc operon present in the chromosome of strains representing r. leguminosarum, rhizobium etli and rhizobium radiobacter whose genomes have been completely sequenced. nevertheless, the existence of this gene in other species of the genus rhizobium had not been investigated to date. in this study, the celc gene was analysed for th ... | 2011 | 21621937 |
| competitiveness of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains in mixed inoculation of clover (trifolium pratense). | rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii (rlt) establishes beneficial root nodule symbiosis with clover. twenty rlt strains differentially marked with antibiotic-resistance markers were investigated in terms of their competitiveness and plant growth promotion in mixed inoculation of clover in laboratory experiments. the results showed that the studied strains essentially differed in competition ability. these differences seem not to be dependent on bacterial multiplication in the vicinity of roots, ... | 2011 | 21630573 |
| mechanism of acid tolerance in a rhizobium strain isolated from pueraria lobata (willd.) ohwi. | the rhizobium sp. strain pr389 was isolated from the root nodules of pueraria lobata (willd.) ohwi, which grows in acidic (ph 4.6) yellow soil of the jinyun mountains of beibei, chongqing, china. while rhizobia generally have a ph range of 6.5-7.5 for optimum growth, strain pr389 grew in a liquid yeast extract - mannitol agar medium at ph 4.6, as well as in a ph 4.1 soil suspension, suggesting acid tolerance in this specific strain of rhizobium . however, at ph 4.6, the lag phase before vigorous ... | 2011 | 21635219 |
| participation of the cowpea mosaic virus protease in eliciting extreme resistance. | extreme resistance of arlington line cowpea (vigna unguiculata) to cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is under control of a dominant locus designated cpa. we transiently expressed, using tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) vectors and agrobacterium tumefaciens, in nearly isogenic cpa/cpa and cpa/cpa cowpea lines, sequences from rna1, the larger of two cpmv genomic rnas. activation of a cpa-specific response mapped to the cpmv 24k protease (24kpro). mutational analysis of the 24kpro gene implicated protease ... | 2011 | 21640367 |
| multiple loci are involved in quorum quenching of autoinducer i molecules in the nitrogen-fixing symbiont (sino-) rhizobium sp. ngr234. | rhizobium sp. ngr234 is a unique α-proteobacterium (order - rhizobiales) that forms nitrogen-fixing nodules with more legumes than any other micro-symbiont. since we have previously described the complete genome sequence of ngr234, we now report on a genome wide functional analysis of the genes and enzymes involved in autoinducer i hydrolysis in this microbe. altogether we identified five cosmid clones that repeatedly gave a positive result in our function-based approach for the detection of aut ... | 2011 | 21642401 |
| rhizobium skierniewicense sp. nov. isolated from tumors on chrysanthemum and prunus in poland. | three gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria were isolated from galls on chrysanthemum (ch11(t), ch12) and on prunus cerasifera var. divaricata (al 9.3). all three isolates are able to cause crown gall on different plant species. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, the strains belong to the genus rhizobium and their closest relatives are rhizobium rubi (99.6%), rhizobium radiobacter (98.7%) and rhizobium larrymoorei (98.1%). phylogenetic analysis of the novel strain ... | 2011 | 21642489 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry is a fast and reliable platform for identification and ecological studies of species from family rhizobiaceae. | family rhizobiaceae includes fast growing bacteria currently arranged into three genera, rhizobium, ensifer and shinella, that contain pathogenic, symbiotic and saprophytic species. the identification of these species is not possible on the basis of physiological or biochemical traits and should be based on sequencing of several genes. therefore alternative methods are necessary for rapid and reliable identification of members from family rhizobiaceae. in this work we evaluated the suitability o ... | 2011 | 21655291 |
| [establishment of induction and culture system for hairy roots of psammosilene tunicoides]. | to establish a culture system for psammosilene tunicoides hairy roots, and provide technological aid for the large-scale production of p. tunicoides material. | 2011 | 21657068 |
| negotiation, sanctions, and context dependency in the legume-rhizobium mutualism. | two important questions about mutualisms are how the fitness costs and benefits to the mutualist partners are determined and how these mechanisms affect the evolutionary dynamics of the mutualism. we tackle these questions with a model of the legume-rhizobium symbiosis that regards the mutualism outcome as a result of biochemical negotiations between the plant and its nodules. we explore the fitness consequences of this mechanism to the plant and rhizobia and obtain four main results. first, neg ... | 2011 | 21670573 |
| pseudonodule formation by wild type and symbiotic mutant medicago truncatula in response to auxin transport inhibitors. | rhizobium and allied bacteria form symbiotic nitrogen fixing nodules on legume roots. plant hormones play key roles in nodule formation. we treated medicago truncatula roots with auxin transport inhibitors (atis) n-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid (npa) and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba), to induce the formation of pseudonodules. m. truncatula mutants defective for rhizobial nod factor signal transduction still formed pseudonodules in response to atis. however, a m. truncatula ethylene-insensitive ... | 2011 | 21809981 |
| a comparative transcriptome analysis of rhizobium etli bacteroids: specific gene-expression during symbiotic non-growth. | rhizobium etli occurs either in a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with its host plant, phaseolus vulgaris, or free-living in the soil. during both conditions, the bacterium has been suggested to reside primarily in a non-growing state. using genome-wide transcriptome profiles, we here examine the molecular basis of the physiological adaptations of rhizobia to non-growth inside and outside of the host. compared to exponentially growing cells, we found an extensive overlap of downregulated growth-associ ... | 2011 | 21809980 |
| molecular adaptation in flowering and symbiotic recognition pathways: insights from patterns of polymorphism in the legume medicago truncatula. | abstract: background: we studied patterns of molecular adaptation in the wild mediterranean legume medicago truncatula. we focused on two phenotypic traits that are not functionally linked: flowering time and perception of symbiotic microbes. phenology is an important fitness component, especially for annual plants, and many instances of molecular adaptation have been reported for genes involved in flowering pathways. while perception of symbiotic microbes is also integral to adaptation in many ... | 2011 | 21806823 |
| systems biology of bacterial nitrogen fixation: high-throughput technology and its integrative description with constraint-based modeling. | abstract: background: bacterial nitrogen fixation is the biological process by which atmospheric nitrogen is uptaken by bacteroids located in plant root nodules and converted into ammonium through the enzymatic activity of nitrogenase. in practice, this biological process serves as a natural form of fertilization and its optimization has significant implications in sustainable agricultural programs. currently, the advent of high-throughput technology supplies with valuable data that contribute t ... | 2011 | 21801415 |
| a rapid and simple pcr method for identifying isolates of the genus azospirillum within populations of rhizosphere bacteria. | aims: to develop a rapid and simple genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for detecting and identifying isolates of the genus azospirillum which is well-recognized as plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. methods and results: nine pairs of pcr primers were designed based on the azospirillum 16s rrna, ipdc, nifa, and nifh genes to assess their genus specificity by testing against 12 azospirillum (from seven species) and 15 non-azospirillum reference strains, as compared with th ... | 2011 | 21790914 |
| [bioengineering of symbiotic systems: creation of new associative symbiosis with the use of lectins on the example of tobacco and colza]. | "barbate roots" in tobacco and colza transgenic on lectin gene were obtained with the use of a wild strain of agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 transformed with pcambia1305.1 plasmid containing the full-size lectin gene (psl) from the pisum sativum. influence of expression oflectin gene on colonization oftransgenic roots with symbiont of pea (rhizobium leguminosarum) was investigated. the number of adhered bacteria onto the roots transformed with lectin gene was 14-fold and 37-fold higher in compar ... | 2011 | 21790035 |
| transgenic grass skirts regulators. | | 2011 | 21776051 |
| functional analysis of the type 3 effector nopl from rhizobium sp. ngr234: symbiotic effects, phosphorylation and interference with mapk signaling. | pathogenic bacteria use type 3 secretion systems to deliver virulence factors (type 3 effector proteins) directly into eukaryotic host cells. similarly, type 3 effectors of certain nitrogen-fixing rhizobial strains affect nodule formation in the symbiosis with host legumes. nodulation outer protein l (nopl) of rhizobium sp. strain ngr234 is a rhizobium-specific type 3 effector. nodulation tests and microscopic analysis showed that distinct necrotic areas were rapidly formed in ineffective nodule ... | 2011 | 21775427 |
| expression and localization of a rhizobium-derived cambialistic superoxide dismutase in pea (pisum sativum) nodules subjected to oxidative stress. | two phylogenetically unrelated superoxide dismutase (sod) families i.e. cuznsods and fe/mn/cambialistic sods, eliminate superoxide radicals in different locations within the plant cell. cuznsods are located within the cytosol and plastids, whilst the second family of sods, which are considered to be of bacterial origin, are usually located within organelles, such as mitochondria. we have used the ros-producer methylviologen (mv) to study sod isozymes in the indeterminate nodules on pea (pisum sa ... | 2011 | 21774575 |
| an acpxl mutant in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolus lacks 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in its lipid a and is developmentally delayed during symbiotic infection of the determinate nodulating host plant phaseolus vulgaris. | rhizobium leguminosarum is a gram negative bacterium that forms nitrogen fixing symbioses with compatible leguminous plants via intracellular invasion and establishes a persistent infection within host membrane derived subcellular compartments. notably, an unusual very long chain fatty acid (vlcfa) is found in the lipid a of r. leguminosarum as well as in the lipid a of the medically relevant pathogens brucella abortus, brucella melitensis, bartonella henselae, and legionellae pneumophila which ... | 2011 | 21764936 |
| inducing salt tolerance in mung bean through coinoculation with rhizobia and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. | twenty-five strains of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase and 10 strains of rhizobia were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples and nodules of mung bean. they were screened in separate trials under salt-stressed axenic conditions. the three most effective strains of pgpr (mk1, pseudomonas syringae ; mk20, pseudomonas fluorescens ; and mk25, pseudomonas fluorescens biotype g) and rhizobium phaseoli strains m1, m6, and m9 were ... | 2011 | 21770816 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf base derived callus tissues of popular indica rice (oryza sativa l. sub sp. indica cv. adt 43). | a simple and efficient protocol for the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of an agronomically useful abiotic sensitive popular indica rice cv. adt 43 has been developed. initiation of calli were best achieved from the leaf bases of 4 days old rice seedlings on ls medium supplemented with 2.5mg/l 2,4-d and 1.0mg/l thiamine-hcl. rice calli immersed in agrobacterium suspension (strain eha 105, od(600)=0.8) were co-cultured on ls30-aspc medium for 2 days at 25±2°c in the dark. based on gus expre ... | 2011 | 21763536 |
| synthesis and evaluation of an n-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis inhibitor. | the structural rationale, synthesis and evaluation of an inhibitor designed to block glucosamine synthesis by competitively inhibiting the action of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase and subsequently reducing the transformation of any glucosamine-6-phosphate formed to udp-n-acetylglucosamine are described. the inhibitor 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-6-sulfo-d-glucose (d-glucosamine-6-sulfonate) is an analog of glucosamine-6-phosphate in which the phosphate group in the latter is replace ... | 2011 | 21843880 |
| diversity analysis of diazotrophic bacteria associated with the roots of tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze). | the diversity elucidation by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis and 16s rdna sequencing of 96 associative diazotrophs, isolated from the feeder roots of tea on enriched nitrogen-free semisolid media, revealed the predominance of gram-positive over gram-negative bacteria within the kangra valley in himachal pradesh, india. the gram-positive bacteria observed belong to two taxonomic groupings; firmicutes, including the genera bacillus and paenibacillus; and actinobacteria, represented by ... | 2011 | 21715960 |