| comparison of dkgb-linked intergenic sequence ribotyping to dna microarray hybridization for assigning serotype to salmonella enterica. | two dna-based methods were compared for the ability to assign serotype to 139 isolates of salmonella enterica ssp. i. intergenic sequence ribotyping (isr) evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms occurring in a 5s ribosomal gene region and flanking sequences bordering the gene dkgb. a dna microarray hybridization method that assessed the presence and the absence of sets of genes was the second method. serotype was assigned for 128 (92.1%) of submissions by the two dna methods. isr detected mixt ... | 2012 | 22998607 |
| [meningitis due to salmonella enterica]. | | 2012 | 22987268 |
| reptile pets-associated salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae gastroenteritis in a neonate. | | 2012 | 22982955 |
| subtype specific risk factor analyses for sporadic human salmonellosis: a case-case comparison in lower saxony, germany. | with the intention to deepen the knowledge of the vertical transmission of particular subtypes of salmonella enterica from "the stable to the table" a case1-case2 analysis in lower saxony, germany, was conducted. the data collection was based on standardised telephone interviews with 1741 salmonella case persons. single-factor-analyses revealed statistically significant associations between s. typhimurium infections and animal keeping (odds ratio (or): 1.4; 95%-confidence-interval (ci): 1.2-1.7) ... | 2013 | 22981706 |
| current fluoroquinolone susceptibility criteria for salmonella needs re-evaluation. | disc diffusion technique is the routine susceptibility testing procedure for isolates of enteric fever, the most common clinical diagnosis among febrile patients in nepal. | 2013 | 22971857 |
| increased resistance to multiple antimicrobials and altered resistance gene expression in cmy-2-positive salmonella enterica following a simulated patient treatment with ceftriaxone. | salmonellosis is one of the most common causes of food-borne disease in the united states. increasing antimicrobial resistance and corresponding increases in virulence present serious challenges. currently, empirical therapy for invasive salmonella enterica infection includes either ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin (e. l. hohmann, clin. infect. dis. 32:263-269, 2001). the bla(cmy-2) gene confers resistance to ceftriaxone, the antimicrobial of choice for pediatric patients with invasive salmonella en ... | 2012 | 22961898 |
| a novel salmonella serovar isolated from peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus) nestlings in sweden: salmonella enterica enterica serovar pajala (salmonella pajala). | a novel salmonella serovar was isolated from peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus) nestlings in northern sweden in 2006. three isolates of the same clone was retrieved from three falcon siblings and characterized as salmonella enterica sub-species enterica: o-phase 13, 23:-: e, n, z 15 and the h-phase was not present. we propose the geographical name salmonella enterica, sub-species enterica serovar pajala to this novel salmonella. | 2012 | 22957136 |
| prevalence of salmonella cerro in laboratory-based submissions of cattle and comparison with human infections in pennsylvania, 2005-2010. | the aim of this study was to identify salmonella serotypes infecting cattle in pennsylvania, to compare infection rates for the predominant serotype, salmonella enterica serotype cerro, with the infection rates for the same serotype in humans, and to study the clonal diversity and antimicrobial resistance for this serotype in cattle from 2005 to 2010. clonal diversity among the selected isolates was studied using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and repetitive (rep)-polymerase chain react ... | 2012 | 22953739 |
| longitudinal dissemination of salmonella enterica clonal groups through the slaughter process of salmonella-positive pig batches. | this study was conducted to assess the dissemination of salmonella clonal groups in slaughterhouses that received batches of salmonella -positive pigs and used different routine processing procedures. eight serial sampling sessions were conducted in three slaughterhouses (a, b, and c). blood was collected randomly (n = 25) from each batch of pigs and processed for serology. carcasses (n = 12) were identified and sampled after dehairing, after singeing, after evisceration, and before chilling. a ... | 2012 | 22947464 |
| increasing quinolone resistance and multidrug resistant isolates among salmonella enterica in hong kong. | to study the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of salmonella enterica isolates from 2005 to 2010 in hong kong. | 2012 | 22947244 |
| comparative proteome and transcriptome analyses of wild-type and live vaccine strains of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum causes fowl typhoid in chickens and is of economic importance to the chicken industry. a serovar gallinarum live vaccine strain 9r (sg 9r) has been used to control fowl typhoid in many areas where the disease is endemic. because the attenuation mechanism of sg 9r was not defined, there has been continued concern about reversion to virulence. in this study, we examined the molecular characteristics, which might provide better insight into attenuation of sg 9 ... | 2012 | 22944630 |
| non-typhoidal salmonella encephalopathy involving lipopolysaccharide in cattle. | this study assessed the involvement of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in the non-typhoidal salmonella encephalopathy (ntse) caused by a unique isolate of salmonella enterica serovar saint-paul (sstpnpg). ntse was prevented by genetic (deletion of mure) or pharmacologic (polymyxin) disruption of lps on sstpnpg although the disruption of lps did not deter brain penetration of the strain. this is the first study to demonstrate that lps is involved in the manifestations of ntse. | 2013 | 22939987 |
| draft genome sequences of eight salmonella enterica serotype newport strains from diverse hosts and locations. | salmonellosis is a major contributor to the global public health burden. salmonella enterica serotype newport has ranked among three salmonella serotypes most commonly associated with food-borne outbreaks in the united states. it was thought to be polyphyletic and composed of independent lineages. here we report draft genomes of eight strains of s. newport from diverse hosts and locations. | 2012 | 22933769 |
| insights from the genome sequence of a salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain associated with a sporadic case of typhoid fever in malaysia. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever, which causes nearly 21.7 million illnesses and 217,000 deaths globally. herein, we describe the whole-genome sequence of the salmonella typhi strain st0208, isolated from a sporadic case of typhoid fever in kuala lumpur, malaysia. the whole-genome sequence and comparative genomics allow an in-depth understanding of the genetic diversity, and its link to pathogenicity and evolutionary dynamics, of this highly clonal pathog ... | 2012 | 22933756 |
| whole-genome sequences and comparative genomics of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates from patients with fatal and nonfatal typhoid fever in papua new guinea. | many of the developing countries of the southeast asian region are significantly affected by endemic typhoid fever, possibly as a result of marginal living standards. it is an important public health problem in countries such as papua new guinea, which is geographically close to some of the foci of endemicity in asia. the severity of the disease varies in different regions, and this may be attributable to genetic diversity among the native strains. genome sequence data on strains from different ... | 2012 | 22933755 |
| salmonella enterica serovar agbeni, british columbia, canada, 2011. | | 2012 | 22932699 |
| interactions between the termini of lumen enzymes and shell proteins mediate enzyme encapsulation into bacterial microcompartments. | bacterial microcompartments (mcps) are a widespread family of proteinaceous organelles that consist of metabolic enzymes encapsulated within a protein shell. for mcps to function specific enzymes must be encapsulated. we recently reported that a short n-terminal targeting sequence of propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (pdup) is necessary and sufficient for the packaging of enzymes into a mcp that functions in 1,2-propanediol (1,2-pd) utilization (pdu) by salmonella enterica. here we show that encapsu ... | 2012 | 22927404 |
| review of pathogenesis and diagnostic methods of immediate relevance for epidemiology and control of salmonella dublin in cattle. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) receives increasing attention in cattle production. it is host-adapted to cattle, and leads to unacceptable levels of morbidity, mortality and production losses in both newly and persistently infected herds. cattle health promoting institutions in several countries are currently constructing active surveillance programmes or voluntary certification programmes, and encourage control and eradication of s. dublin infected cattle herds. ... | 2013 | 22925272 |
| [salmonella multiphasic flagellar antigen]. | in the salmonella antigenic pattern, more than one phase of flagellar antigen is observed. the phase of flagellar antigen depends of the gene which encodes the protein building the filament of flagella. the flic gene encodes the 1st phase of flagellar antigen and the fljb gene encodes the 2nd phase of flagellar antigen. the third phase of flagellar antigen is encoded by one of the genes localized on the plasmid. expression of the fljb gene (part of the hinfljba operon) is regulated by a mechanis ... | 2012 | 22922144 |
| oral administration of a combination of select lactic acid bacteria strains to reduce the salmonella invasion and inflammation of broiler chicks. | one-day-old chicks are susceptible to infection by strains of salmonella enterica subspecies. because multistrain probiotics are suggested to be more effective than monostrain probiotics due to the additive and synergistic effects, in this study, we prepared a multistrain formula a (mfa) consisting of 4 lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains selected by enhancing the tnf-α production for mouse macrophage 264.7 cells. the antagonistic effect of this mfa against the cecal colonization, viscera invasiv ... | 2012 | 22912447 |
| fis is essential for the stability of linear plasmid pbssb1 and affects the motility of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | pbssb1 is a 27 kb non-bacteriophage-related linear plasmid first found in salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), but the mechanism underlying the replication of pbssb1 is currently unknown. previous reports showed that the factor for inversion stimulation (fis) encoded by fis can affect the replication, transcription and other processes through binding dna. here, a fis deletion mutant of s. typhi (δfis) was prepared through the homologous recombination mediated by suicide plasmid and the ... | 2012 | 22911678 |
| immediate after birth transmission of epidemic salmonella enterica typhimurium monophasic strains in pigs is a likely event. | | 2012 | 22904242 |
| a comprehensive subcellular proteomic survey of salmonella grown under phagosome-mimicking versus standard laboratory conditions. | towards developing a systems-level pathobiological understanding of salmonella enterica, we performed a subcellular proteomic analysis of this pathogen grown under standard laboratory and phagosome-mimicking conditions in vitro. analysis of proteins from cytoplasmic, inner membrane, periplasmic, and outer membrane fractions yielded coverage of 25% of the theoretical proteome. confident subcellular location could be assigned to over 1000 proteins, with good agreement between experimentally observ ... | 2012 | 22900174 |
| suppressor analyses identify threonine as a modulator of rida mutant phenotypes in salmonella enterica. | the rida (yjgf/yer057c/uk114) family of proteins is broadly conserved in the three domains of life yet the functional understanding of these proteins is at an early stage. physiological studies of rida mutant strains of salmonella enterica provided a framework to inform in vitro studies and led to the description of a conserved biochemical activity for this family. rida mutant strains of s. enterica have characteristic phenotypes including new synthesis of thiamine biosynthetic intermediate phos ... | 2012 | 22900093 |
| pathways of genetic adaptation: multistep origin of mutants under selection without induced mutagenesis in salmonella enterica. | in several bacterial systems, mutant cell populations plated on growth-restricting medium give rise to revertant colonies that accumulate over several days. one model suggests that nongrowing parent cells mutagenize their own genome and thereby create beneficial mutations (stress-induced mutagenesis). by this model, the first-order induction of new mutations in a nongrowing parent cell population leads to the delayed accumulation of visible colonies. in an alternative model (selection only), sel ... | 2012 | 22887815 |
| detection of salmonella enterica isolates producing ctx-m cephalosporinase in u.s. livestock populations. | we report the detection of salmonella carrying bla(ctx-m) in u.s. livestock populations. we identified 12 of 2,034 (0.6%) salmonella isolates originating from turkeys, horses, and pigs from at least 6 u.s. states, all carrying bla(ctx-m-1), many on a pandemic sequence type 1 incn plasmid. | 2012 | 22885753 |
| human infections attributable to the d-tartrate-fermenting variant of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b in germany originate in reptiles and, on rare occasions, poultry. | in this study, the population structure, incidence, and potential sources of human infection caused by the d-tartrate-fermenting variant of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b [s. paratyphi b (dt+)] was investigated. in germany, the serovar is frequently isolated from broilers. therefore, a selection of 108 epidemiologically unrelated s. enterica serovar paratyphi b (dt+) strains isolated in germany between 2002 and 2010 especially from humans, poultry/poultry meat, and reptiles was investig ... | 2012 | 22885742 |
| emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi in andaman and nicobar islands, india. | | 2012 | 22885270 |
| genome-wide detection of spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements in bacteria. | genome rearrangements have important effects on bacterial phenotypes and influence the evolution of bacterial genomes. conventional strategies for characterizing rearrangements in bacterial genomes rely on comparisons of sequenced genomes from related species. however, the spectra of spontaneous rearrangements in supposedly homogenous and clonal bacterial populations are still poorly characterized. here we used 454 pyrosequencing technology and a 'split mapping' computational method to identify ... | 2012 | 22880062 |
| characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica serotype brunei and heidelberg at the hussein dey hospital in algiers (algeria). | the purpose of this work was to study the genetic determinants responsible for extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc) resistance of salmonella collected during the period of 1995-2008 at the hussein dey hospital in algiers (algeria). fourteen esc-resistant salmonella isolates were tested towards 22 antimicrobial agents. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing were used to determine the underlying genetic determinants responsible for the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) phenotypes. e ... | 2012 | 22871227 |
| farm-level associations with the shedding of salmonella and antimicrobial-resistant salmonella in u.s. dairy cattle. | salmonella enterica is the leading cause of foodborne-related deaths and hospitalizations within the united states. infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant (amr) strains are associated with higher hospital costs and case fatality. the objective for this study was to determine the association of management practices with the recovery of salmonella and amr salmonella on dairy herds. individual adult cow fecal samples and/or composite fecal samples were collected from 265 dairy herds in 17 sta ... | 2012 | 22870913 |
| multiple pathways of duplication formation with and without recombination (reca) in salmonella enterica. | duplications are often attributed to "unequal recombination" between separated, directly repeated sequence elements (>100 bp), events that leave a recombinant element at the duplication junction. however, in the bacterial chromosome, duplications form at high rates (10(-3)-10(-5)/cell/division) even without recombination (reca). here we describe 1800 spontaneous lac duplications trapped nonselectively on the low-copy f'(128) plasmid, where lac is flanked by direct repeats of the transposable ele ... | 2012 | 22865732 |
| cross-reactive gut-directed immune response against salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a and b in typhoid fever and after oral ty21a typhoid vaccination. | there are no vaccines against paratyphoid fever in clinical use. the disease has become more wide-spread and there is a growing problem of antibiotic resistance among the strains. previous reports suggest that the oral live salmonella typhi ty21a-vaccine confers protection against paratyphoid b fever. data on efficacy against paratyphoid a fever are somewhat contentious. the present study investigated the immunological basis for such efficacy reports at a single-cell level: plasmablasts (identif ... | 2012 | 22858557 |
| influence of methodologic aspects on the results of implant-abutment interface microleakage tests: a critical review of in vitro studies. | this study sought to evaluate the influence of methodologic aspects on variations in the findings of in vitro microleakage studies of the implant-abutment interface. | 2015 | 22848880 |
| social networks and the spread of salmonella in a sleepy lizard population. | although theoretical models consider social networks as pathways for disease transmission, strong empirical support, particularly for indirectly transmitted parasites, is lacking for many wildlife populations. we found multiple genetic strains of the enteric bacterium salmonella enterica within a population of australian sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa), and we found that pairs of lizards that shared bacterial genotypes were more strongly connected in the social network than were pairs of lizards ... | 2012 | 22845647 |
| combined genomarkers approach to salmonella characterization reveals that nucleotide sequence differences in the phase 1 flagellin gene flic are markers for variation within serotypes. | the characterization and tracking of pathogenic micro-organisms in the clinical laboratory and public health environment demand schemes that are easy to standardize and use, are automated and high-throughput, and provide portable data. a combined genomarkers approach for salmonella enterica based on comparative sequence analysis by mass spectrometry has been developed. the scheme targets genes encoding synthesis and assembly of antigens, metabolic pathway enzymes, virulence factors and fluoroqui ... | 2012 | 22837220 |
| salmonella prevalence among reptiles in a zoo education setting. | clinically healthy reptiles may shed salmonella and therefore act as a potential zoonotic threat. most people in northern european countries are rarely exposed to reptiles, but many zoos have education departments where children have direct contact with this group of animals. the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and serotype distribution of salmonella among reptiles in the education department (n = 55) at copenhagen zoo and compare it to the zoo's main reptile collection ... | 2013 | 22835051 |
| salmonella can reach tomato fruits on plants exposed to aerosols formed by rain. | outbreaks of salmonella enterica have been associated with tomatoes and traced back to production areas but the spread of salmonella in agricultural fields is still poorly understood. post-rain salmonella transfer from a point source to the air and then to tomato plants was evaluated. gfp-labeled kanamycin-resistant s. enterica serovar typhimurium (10(8)cfu/ml) with and without expression of the rdar morphotype (rough colonies; cells with fimbriae and cellulose) was used as the point source in t ... | 2012 | 22831820 |
| vaccines for typhoid fever and other salmonelloses. | this review summarizes the recent advances in vaccination against salmonella enterica serovar typhi and highlights the data supporting the development of next generation vaccines to address paratyphoid fever and invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) disease. | 2012 | 22825288 |
| assessment of root uptake and systemic vine-transport of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium by melon (cucumis melo) during field production. | among melons, cantaloupes are most frequently implicated in outbreaks and surveillance-based recalls due to salmonella enterica. there is limited but compelling evidence that associates irrigation water quality as a significant risk of preharvest contamination of melons. however, the potential for root uptake from water and soil and subsequent systemic transport of salmonella into melon fruit is uncharacterized. the aim of this work was to determine whether root uptake of s. enterica results in ... | 2012 | 22824339 |
| salmonella enterica serovar ohio septic arthritis and bone abscess in an immunocompetent patient: a case report. | non-typhi salmonella species cause severe extra-intestinal focal infection after occult bacteremia. although the number of cases of non-typhi salmonellosis is increasing worldwide among patients with immunocompromising conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, infection is uncommon in immunocompetent subjects. we report a case of septic arthritis and bone abscess due to a rare non-typhi salmonella organism that developed after a prolonged asymptomatic period. | 2012 | 22804866 |
| characterization of osmotically induced filaments of salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica forms aseptate filaments with multiple nucleoids when cultured in hyperosmotic conditions. these osmotic-induced filaments are viable and form single colonies on agar plates even though they contain multiple genomes and have the potential to divide into multiple daughter cells. introducing filaments that are formed during osmotic stress into culture conditions without additional humectants results in the formation of septa and their division into individual cells, which could ... | 2012 | 22798362 |
| a new methodology for differentiation and typing of closely related salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg isolates. | this study describe the use of a combination of two recently proposed typing approaches, multiple amplification of prophage locus typing (maplt) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) for subdividing within salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg (s. heidelberg). the combined typing method was compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) by simpson's index of diversity (di). pfge was shown to have a di = 0.84 and was poor at differentiation of the predominant pt ... | 2012 | 22797864 |
| drug resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolated from chronic typhoid carriers. | | 2012 | 22789724 |
| panm, an acetyl-coenzyme a sensor required for maturation of l-aspartate decarboxylase (pand). | coenzyme a (coa) is essential for cellular chemistry in all forms of life. the pantothenate moiety of coa is generated from the condensation of pantoate and β-alanine. β-alanine is formed by decarboxylation of l-aspartate catalyzed by pand, a pyruvoyl enzyme that is synthesized by the cell as an inactive precursor (pro-pand). maturation of pro-pand into pand occurs via a self-cleavage event at residue ser25, which forms the catalytic pyruvoyl moiety. we recently reported that salmonella enterica ... | 2012 | 22782525 |
| selection-driven gene loss in bacteria. | gene loss by deletion is a common evolutionary process in bacteria, as exemplified by bacteria with small genomes that have evolved from bacteria with larger genomes by reductive processes. the driving force(s) for genome reduction remains unclear, and here we examined the hypothesis that gene loss is selected because carriage of superfluous genes confers a fitness cost to the bacterium. in the bacterium salmonella enterica, we measured deletion rates at 11 chromosomal positions and the fitness ... | 2012 | 22761588 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella strains in individuals with acute diarrhea syndrome in the state of sucre, venezuela. | in venezuela, acute diarrheic syndrome (ads) is a primary cause of morbi-mortality, often involving the salmonella genus. salmonella infections are associated with acute gastroenteritis, one of the most common alimentary intoxications, and caused by the consumption of contaminated water and food, especially meat. | 2012 | 22760131 |
| characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg isolated from food animals, retail meat, and humans in the united states 2009. | salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the united states. although salmonellosis is usually self-limiting, severe infections typically require antimicrobial treatment, and ceftriaxone, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc), is commonly used in both adults and children. surveillance conducted by the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) has shown a recent increase in esc resistance among salmonella heidelberg isolated from food animal ... | 2012 | 22755514 |
| in vitro susceptibility testing of fluoroquinolone activity against salmonella: recent changes to clsi standards. | fluoroquinolone (fq) resistance in salmonella enterica is a significant clinical concern. recognition of resistance by the clinical laboratory is complicated by the multiple fq resistance mechanisms found in salmonella. the clinical laboratory standards institute (clsi) recently addressed this issue by revising the ciprofloxacin break points for salmonella species. it is critical for clinicians and laboratory workers to be aware of the multiple technical issues surrounding these revised break po ... | 2012 | 22752519 |
| a polymer coating applied to salmonella prevents the binding of salmonella-specific antibodies. | the use of salmonella as a potential antitumor agent has been investigated, but innate immunity against this bacterium reduces the efficacy of its tumor-targeting and antitumor activities. the purpose of this study was to investigate the modulation of the tumor-targeting efficiency of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis by modifying the immune response to these bacteria by coating them with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (pah), designated pah-s.c. to evaluate this modulation, we used naïve ... | 2013 | 22736433 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi plasmid pr st98 enhances intracellular bacterial growth and s. typhi-induced macrophage cell death by suppressing autophagy. | plasmid pr st98 is a hybrid resistance-virulence plasmid isolated from salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi). previous studies demonstrated that pr st98 could enhance the virulence of its host bacteria. however, the mechanism of pr st98-increased bacterial virulence is still not fully elucidated. this study was designed to gain further insight into the roles of pr st98 in host responses. | 2017 | 22729194 |
| differential identification of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum and the biovar gallinarum live vaccine strain 9r. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum causes fowl typhoid in chickens and has been of economic importance to the chicken industry in many countries. the biovar gallinarum live vaccine strain 9r (sg 9r) has been used to control fowl typhoid in many areas where the disease is endemic. therefore, a definitive diagnosis of this disease may require differentiation of wild-type field isolates of biovar gallinarum from the live vaccine strain sg 9r. here, we report the development of ... | 2012 | 22728122 |
| salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and typhi as model organisms: revealing paradigm of host-pathogen interactions. | the lifestyle of intracellular pathogens has always questioned the skill of a microbiologist in the context of finding the permanent cure to the diseases caused by them. the best tool utilized by these pathogens is their ability to reside inside the host cell, which enables them to easily bypass the humoral immunity of the host, such as the complement system. they further escape from the intracellular immunity, such as lysosome and inflammasome, mostly by forming a protective vacuole-bound niche ... | 2012 | 22722237 |
| risk factors associated with sporadic salmonellosis in adults: a case-control study. | in order to identify and assess recent risk factors for sporadic human infections with salmonella enterica, we conducted a case-control study in lower saxony, germany. the data collection was based on standardized telephone interviews with 1017 cases and 346 controls aged >14 years. odds ratios were calculated in single-factor and multi-factor analyses for salmonella cases and two different control groups, i.e. population controls and controls with rotavirus infection. multi-factor analysis reve ... | 2013 | 22717173 |
| refractory salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis-related renal cyst infection in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis treated successfully with intracystic ciprofloxacin infusion. | to report a potential salvage therapy for refractory renal cyst infection secondary to salmonellaenterica serotype choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis). | 2012 | 22710499 |
| association of extended-spectrum β-lactamase veb-5 and 16s rrna methyltransferase arma in salmonella enterica from the united kingdom. | | 2012 | 22710120 |
| salmonellosis outbreak traced to playground sand, australia, 2007-2009. | a community outbreak of gastroenteritis in australia during 2007-2009 was caused by ingestion of playground sand contaminated with salmonella enterica paratyphi b, variant java. the bacterium was also isolated from local wildlife. findings support consideration of nonfood sources during salmonellosis outbreak investigations and indicate transmission through the animal-human interface. | 2012 | 22709539 |
| emergence of an sgi1-bearing salmonella enterica serotype kentucky isolated from septic poultry in nigeria. | salmonella enterica serotype kentucky was isolated from septic poultry in nigeria. the objective of this study was to characterize this isolate by screening for sgi1 and hyper-virulence. | 2012 | 22706190 |
| the feoa protein is necessary for the feob transporter to import ferrous iron. | in many bacterial feo loci, the feoa gene is associated with the feob gene. while the feob-encoded feob protein has been demonstrated as a ferrous iron [fe(ii)] transporter, the function of the feoa gene product, feoa, is unknown. in the present study, we report that the feoa protein interacts with the feob fe(ii) transporter, which is required for feob-mediated fe(ii) uptake in salmonella enterica. iron uptake assay revealed that in the absence of feoa, feob import of fe(ii) is impaired. bacter ... | 2012 | 22705302 |
| assessment of pathogen survival potential during managed aquifer recharge with diffusion chambers. | to evaluate the efficacy of using in situ diffusion chambers for pathogen decay studies in the aquifer. | 2012 | 22702409 |
| control of a salmonella virulence locus by an atp-sensing leader messenger rna. | the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica resides within a membrane-bound compartment inside macrophages. this compartment must be acidified for salmonella to survive within macrophages, possibly because acidic ph promotes expression of salmonella virulence proteins. we reasoned that salmonella might sense its surroundings have turned acidic not only upon protonation of the extracytoplasmic domain of a protein sensor but also by an increase in cytosolic atp levels, because condi ... | 2012 | 22699622 |
| characterization of the salmonella bacteriophage vb_sens-ent1. | the bacteriophage vb_sens-ent1 (ent1) is a member of the family siphoviridae of tailed bacteriophages and infects a broad range of serovars of the enteric pathogen salmonella enterica. the virion particle is composed of an icosahedral head 64 nm in diameter and a flexible, non-contractile tail of 116 × 8.5 nm possessing terminal fibres. the adsorption rate constant at 37 °c is 6.73 × 10(-9) ml min(-1). latent and eclipse periods are 25 and 20 min, respectively, and the burst size is 35 progeny p ... | 2012 | 22694898 |
| genetic fine structure of a salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain associated with the 2005 outbreak of typhoid fever in kelantan, malaysia. | among enteric pathogens, salmonella enterica serovar typhi is responsible for the largest number of food-borne outbreaks and fatalities. the ability of the pathogen to cause systemic infection for extended durations leads to a high cost of disease control. chronic carriers play important roles in the evolution of salmonella typhi; therefore, identification and in-depth characterization of isolates from clinical cases and carriers, especially those from zones of endemicity where the pathogen has ... | 2012 | 22689247 |
| complete genome sequence of the strong mutator salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype heidelberg strain b182. | in bacteria, normal mutation frequencies are mostly around 10(-10) per base pair. however, there exists natural isolates, called "mutators," that exhibit permanent mutation occurrences up to 1,000-fold greater than usual. as mutations play essential roles, particularly in the evolution of antibiotic resistance, bacteria showing elevated mutation rates could have an important responsibility in the emergence of antibiotic resistance, especially in the clinical background. in this announcement, we ... | 2012 | 22689230 |
| evolution of salmonella enterica virulence via point mutations in the fimbrial adhesin. | whereas the majority of pathogenic salmonella serovars are capable of infecting many different animal species, typically producing a self-limited gastroenteritis, serovars with narrow host-specificity exhibit increased virulence and their infections frequently result in fatal systemic diseases. in our study, a genetic and functional analysis of the mannose-specific type 1 fimbrial adhesin fimh from a variety of serovars of salmonella enterica revealed that specific mutant variants of fimh are co ... | 2012 | 22685400 |
| heterogeneity of multifunctional il-17a producing s. typhi-specific cd8+ t cells in volunteers following ty21a typhoid immunization. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality world-wide. cd8+ t cells are an important component of the cell mediated immune (cmi) response against s. typhi. recently, interleukin (il)-17a has been shown to contribute to mucosal immunity and protection against intracellular pathogens. to investigate multifunctional il-17a responses against s. typhi antigens in t memory subsets, we developed multiparamet ... | 2012 | 22679502 |
| a positive selection approach identifies residues important for folding of salmonella enterica pat, an n(ε)-lysine acetyltransferase that regulates central metabolism enzymes. | in salmonella enterica, the protein acetyltransferase (pat) enzyme is part of the sirtuin-dependent acylation/deacylation system (sdpads) that modulates the activity of several proteins via the acylation of lysine residues critical to their activities. pat is a ~98 kda protein with two distinct domains, an n-terminal acyl-coa synthetase (ndp-forming) domain (~700 aa) and a c-terminal acetyltransferase domain (~160 aa), with homology to proteins of the gcn5-related n-acetyltransferase (gnat) supe ... | 2012 | 22677774 |
| emergence of salmonella enterica serovar infantis harboring inci1 plasmid with bla(ctx-m-14) in a broiler farm in japan. | cefotaxime (ctx)-resistant and -susceptible salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolates obtained from broilers raised on a farm in january 2010 in japan were characterized to establish their resistance determinants. the ctx-resistant isolates produced ctx-m-14 extended-spectrum β-lactamase and harbored 2 distinct plasmid of approximately 140- and 95-kb, whereas the ctx-susceptible isolates harbored one 140-kb plasmid. the 95-kb plasmids were replicon typed as inci1 carrying the bla(ctx-m-14) g ... | 2012 | 22673563 |
| molecular typing and resistance analysis of travel-associated salmonella enterica serotype typhi. | salmonella enterica serotype typhi is a human pathogen causing 12 to 30% mortality and requiring antibiotic therapy to control the severity of the infection. typhoid fever in united states is often associated with foreign travel to areas of endemicity. increasing resistance to multiple drugs, including quinolones, is associated with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (dcs). we investigated 31 clinical strains isolated in florida from 2007 to 2010, associated with travel to six countries, ... | 2012 | 22649021 |
| genome sequences of five salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg isolates associated with a 2011 multistate outbreak in the united states. | salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg has caused numerous outbreaks in humans. here, we report draft genomes of five isolates of serovar heidelberg associated with the recent (2011) multistate outbreak linked to ground turkey in the united states. isolates 2011k-1110 and 2011k-1132 were recovered from humans, while isolates 2011k-1138, 2011k-1224, and 2011k-1225 were recovered from ground turkey. whole-genome sequence analysis of these isolates provides a tool for studying the short-term evolut ... | 2012 | 22628505 |
| antibiotic susceptibility pattern and the indicator of decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility of salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolated from dhulikhel hospital, nepal. | monitoring the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is important for efficiently managing cases of typhoid fever. in this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 114 s. typhi isolates, which were collected from a university hospital in nepal during july 2009-december 2010, were investigated by disc diffusion assays. all of the s. typhi isolates were sensitive to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. more than 95% of the isolates were sensitive to c ... | 2012 | 22627312 |
| antibiotic resistant salmonella and vibrio associated with farmed litopenaeus vannamei. | salmonella and vibrio species were isolated and identified from litopenaeus vannamei cultured in shrimp farms. shrimp samples showed occurrence of 3.3% of salmonella and 48.3% of vibrio. the isolates were also screened for antibiotic resistance to oxolinic acid, sulphonamides, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, norfloxacin, ampicillin, doxycycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin. salmonella enterica serovar corvallis isolated from shrimp showed individu ... | 2012 | 22619583 |
| salmonella strains isolated from galápagos iguanas show spatial structuring of serovar and genomic diversity. | it is thought that dispersal limitation primarily structures host-associated bacterial populations because host distributions inherently limit transmission opportunities. however, enteric bacteria may disperse great distances during food-borne outbreaks. it is unclear if such rapid long-distance dispersal events happen regularly in natural systems or if these events represent an anthropogenic exception. we characterized salmonella enterica isolates from the feces of free-living galápagos land an ... | 2012 | 22615968 |
| a maximum likelihood qtl analysis reveals common genome regions controlling resistance to salmonella colonization and carrier-state. | the serovars enteritidis and typhimurium of the gram-negative bacterium salmonella enterica are significant causes of human food poisoning. fowl carrying these bacteria often show no clinical disease, with detection only established post-mortem. increased resistance to the carrier state in commercial poultry could be a way to improve food safety by reducing the spread of these bacteria in poultry flocks. previous studies identified qtls for both resistance to carrier state and resistance to salm ... | 2012 | 22613937 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrb19 in non-typhoidal salmonella enterica strains isolated in venezuela. | | 2012 | 22610715 |
| a retrospective study of community-acquired salmonella infections in patients attending public hospitals in lagos, nigeria. | a retrospective cohort study on salmonella-associated diseases (sads) was conducted in 14 public hospitals across lagos state, nigeria, between 1999 and 2008. | 2012 | 22610704 |
| influence of serotype on the growth kinetics and the ability to form biofilms of salmonella isolates from poultry. | the influence of the serotype on the growth behaviour and the ability to form biofilms of salmonella enterica strains was investigated. the relationships between biofilm formation and growth kinetic parameters were also determined. a total of 69 strains (61 isolates from poultry and 8 reference strains from culture collections) belonging to 10 serotypes (s. enterica serotype typhimurium, s. newport, s. paratyphi b, s. poona, s. derby, s. infantis, s. enteritidis, s. virchow, s. agona and s. typh ... | 2012 | 22608221 |
| salmonella cross-contamination in swine abattoirs in portugal: carcasses, meat and meat handlers. | in this study the occurrence of salmonella in swine, pork meat and meat handlers along with their clonal relatedness is evaluated at abattoir level. samples from the lymph nodes, carcass surface and meat of 100 pigs and 45 meat handlers were collected in eight abattoirs (july 2007-august 2008). salmonella isolates were serotyped and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). from the pigs tested, 42 produced at least one positive sample. a relatively high frequency of salmonella occur ... | 2012 | 22607810 |
| first outbreak of food poisoning caused by salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar berta in italy. | to provide an epidemiologic interpretation of a suspected outbreak of food poisoning caused by salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar berta strains isolated from humans and from the leftovers of the implicated foods (cream, dairy-based desserts and eggs). | 2012 | 22607387 |
| a gold nanoparticles based immuno-bioprobe for detection of vi capsular polysaccharide of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | a rapid and sensitive gold-nanobioprobe based immunoassay format has been presented for the detection of capsular vi polysaccharide of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (surface antigen) using anti-vi antibodies. the vi antigen was extracted from serovar typhi cells, under the optimised growth conditions for its over-expression. anti-vi antibodies were produced and conjugated with gold nanoparticles (gnps) of definite size (~30 nm), which served as the nano-bioprobe in the detection system. a sa ... | 2012 | 22592180 |
| shedding light on salmonella carriers. | host-to-host transmission in most salmonella serovars occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route. salmonella enterica serovar typhi is a human host-adapted pathogen and some s. typhi patients become asymptomatic carriers. these individuals excrete large numbers of the bacteria in their feces and transmit the pathogen by contaminating water or food sources. the carrier state has also been described in livestock animals and is responsible for food-borne epidemics. identification and treatment of ca ... | 2012 | 22591832 |
| salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis: increasing incidence of domestically acquired infections. | salmonella enterica causes an estimated 1 million cases of domestically acquired foodborne illness in humans annually in the united states; enteritidis (se) is the most common serotype. public health authorities, regulatory agencies, food producers, and food processors need accurate information about rates and changes in se infection to implement and evaluate evidence-based control policies and practices. | 2012 | 22572674 |
| application of the random forest method to analyse epidemiological and phenotypic characteristics of salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- and salmonella typhimurium strains. | salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of s. typhimurium. in the last decade, its prevalence rose sharply. although s. 4,[5],12:i:- and s. typhimurium are known to pose a considerable public health risk, there is no detailed information on the circulation of these serovars in italy, particularly as far as veterinary isolates are concerned. for this reason, a data set of 877 strains isolated in the north-east of italy from foodstuffs, animals and environment was analysed during ... | 2012 | 22583909 |
| selection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi genes involved during interaction with human macrophages by screening of a transposon mutant library. | the human-adapted salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) causes a systemic infection known as typhoid fever. this disease relies on the ability of the bacterium to survive within macrophages. in order to identify genes involved during interaction with macrophages, a pool of approximately 10(5) transposon mutants of s. typhi was subjected to three serial passages of 24 hours through human macrophages. mutants recovered from infected macrophages (output) were compared to the initial pool (in ... | 2012 | 22574205 |
| chronic proliferative rhinitis associated with salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serovar 61:k:1, 5, (7) in sheep in spain. | a chronic proliferative rhinitis in sheep associated with salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serovar 61:k:1, 5, (7) is described. ten adult sheep from eight traditionally managed rasa aragonesa flocks located in aragon (spain) were studied. clinical signs began with bilateral thick mucus nasal discharge, wheezing and snoring and progressed to partial or complete obstruction of the nostrils. necropsy examination revealed swollen ventral nasal turbinates with a roughened mucosal surface par ... | 2012 | 22572396 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi plasmid impairs dendritic cell responses to infection. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) evades from innate immunity by expression of a variety of pathogenic factors. the "pr(st98)" plasmid of s. typhi is involved in multidrug-resistant and virulence of s. typhi. however, its exact effect on host cell function remains elusive. dendritic cells (dcs) play an important role in shaping immune response against salmonella. for the purpose of investigation whether pr(st98) might target dcs involved in adaptive immune response, murine dcs were in ... | 2012 | 22569891 |
| frequency and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella serotypes on beef carcasses at small abattoirs in jalisco state, mexico. | the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella serotypes on beef carcasses from four small abattoirs in jalisco state, mexico, were investigated during a 10-month period. following u.s. department of agriculture food safety and inspection service protocols, salmonella was isolated from 78 (15.4%) beef carcasses (n = 505) after the final carcass water wash. isolation frequency differed by establishment (p < 0.05) and was higher (p < 0.05) during the wet season (may through september) f ... | 2012 | 22564935 |
| microbiological analysis of bovine lymph nodes for the detection of salmonella enterica. | bovine peripheral lymph nodes (lns) have been identified as a potential source of salmonella when trim containing these nodes is incorporated into ground beef. studies examining the prevalence of salmonella in peripheral lns of cattle are few in number, and the microbiological methods used for these analyses have not been validated. given that salmonella contamination may be found on postintervention carcasses, it is important to understand the extent to which salmonella contamination from surro ... | 2012 | 22564933 |
| virulence of 32 salmonella strains in mice. | virulence and persistence in the balb/c mouse gut was tested for 32 strains of salmonella enterica for which genome sequencing is complete or underway, including 17 serovars within subspecies i (enterica), and two representatives of each of the other five subspecies. only serovar paratyphi c strain baa1715 and serovar typhimurium strain 14028 were fully virulent in mice. three divergent atypical enteritidis strains were not virulent in balb/c, but two efficiently persisted. most of the other str ... | 2012 | 22558320 |
| prevalence and characterization of motile salmonella in commercial layer poultry farms in bangladesh. | salmonella is a globally widespread food-borne pathogen having major impact on public health. all motile serovars of salmonella enterica of poultry origin are zoonotic, and contaminated meat and raw eggs are an important source to human infections. information on the prevalence of salmonella at farm/holding level, and the zoonotic serovars circulating in layer poultry in the south and south-east asian countries including bangladesh, where small-scale commercial farms are predominant, is limited. ... | 2012 | 22558269 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pvqs1 containing a quinolone resistance determinant from salmonella enterica serovar virchow associated with foreign travel. | nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serovars kentucky (n = 5) and virchow (n = 6) cultured from individuals were investigated for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants. | 2012 | 22553140 |
| dynamics of salmonella infection of macrophages at the single cell level. | salmonella enterica causes a range of diseases. salmonellae are intracellular parasites of macrophages, and the control of bacteria within these cells is critical to surviving an infection. the dynamics of the bacteria invading, surviving, proliferating in and killing macrophages are central to disease pathogenesis. fundamentally important parameters, however, such as the cellular infection rate, have not previously been calculated. we used two independent approaches to calculate the macrophage ... | 2012 | 22552918 |
| identification of genes responsible for biofilm formation or virulence in salmonella enterica serovar pullorum. | salmonella living in biofilms are more resistant to chemical and physical stresses. however, information regarding the regulation of genes involved in biofilm formation for salmonella enterica serovar pullorum remains limited. in this study, eight mutants with knockout of genes ompr, rpos, rfag, rfbh, rhle, mete, spia, or steb from the salmonella enterica serovar pullorum strain s6702 were constructed. phenotypic analysis revealed that all mutants were similar to the wild-type strain in growth r ... | 2012 | 22545539 |
| heterogeneity of persistence of salmonella enterica serotype senftenberg strains could explain the emergence of this serotype in poultry flocks. | salmonella enterica serotype senftenberg (s. senftenberg) has recently become more frequent in poultry flocks. moreover some strains have been implicated in severe clinical cases. to explain the causes of this emergence in farm animals, 134 s. senftenberg isolates from hatcheries, poultry farms and human clinical cases were analyzed. persistent and non-persistent strains were identified in chicks. the non-persistent strains disappeared from ceca a few weeks post inoculation. this lack of persist ... | 2012 | 22545136 |
| high pressure inactivation of salmonella on jalapeño and serrano peppers destined for direct consumption or as ingredients in mexican salsa and guacamole. | in summer of 2008, the united states witnessed one of the largest multi-state salmonellosis outbreak linked to the consumption of jalapeño and serrano peppers tainted with salmonella enterica serovar saintpaul. the first objective of this study was to assess the application of high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) to decontaminate jalapeño and serrano peppers from this pathogen. jalapeño and serrano peppers were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of salmonella to a final level of ca. ~6 log cfu/g ... | 2012 | 22534353 |
| distribution of salmonella serovars and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella enteritidis from poultry in zimbabwe. | a study was carried out to determine the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of salmonella serovars from chickens from large-scale commercial (lsc), small-scale commercial (ssc), and rural free-range (rfr) farms of zimbabwe. pooled cloacal swabs were collected for culture and isolation of salmonella spp. a chi-square test was used to assess distribution differences of salmonellas among the farming sectors. approximately 10% (283/2833) of the swabs were positive for salmonella ... | 2012 | 22515540 |
| the extradomain a of fibronectin enhances the efficacy of lipopolysaccharide defective salmonella bacterins as vaccines in mice. | the extradomain a from fibronectin (eda) has an immunomodulatory role as fusion protein with viral and tumor antigens, but its effect when administered with bacteria has not been assessed. here, we investigated the adjuvant effect of eda in mice immunizations against salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis). since lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major virulence factor and the lps o-polysaccharide (o-ps) is the immunodominant antigen in serological diagno ... | 2012 | 22515195 |
| [highly ciprofloxacin resistant salmonella enterica serovar kentucky isolates in turkey meat and a human patient]. | in recent years in france, england, wales, denmark and the usa about 500 human infections occurred, which were caused by multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar (s.) kentucky isolates displaying high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, mic > or = 4 mg/l). the responsible clone was referred to as st198-x1.to determine whether this clone is also present in german s. kentucky isolates, the national reference laboratory for salmonella (nrl-salm) at the bfr analyzed the trend ... | 2013 | 22515025 |
| early immune dynamics following infection with salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, infantis, pullorum and gallinarum: cytokine and chemokine gene expression profile and cellular changes of chicken cecal tonsils. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica infection remains a serious problem in a wide range of animals and in man. poultry-derived food is the main source of human infection with the non-host-adapted serovars while fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are important diseases of poultry. we have assessed cecal colonization and immune responses of newly hatched and older chickens to salmonella serotypes enteritidis, infantis, gallinarum and pullorum. s. enteritidis and s. infantis colonized the ceca m ... | 2012 | 22512820 |
| a case of urinary tract infection due to salmonella enterica serovar virchow and review of the related literature. | nontyphoid salmonella (nts) serotypes can cause gastroenteritis, bacteriemia, and focal infections. however, these focal infections, including urinary tract infections (uti), are occasionally observed; in particular, the presence of several predisposing factors, such as immunodeficiency and structural abnormality in the urinary tract, increase the possibility of the occurrence of infection. we present a case of uti caused by salmonella enterica serovar virchow in an elderly and debilitated patie ... | 2012 | 22510290 |