| respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations in preterm infants of 29 to 32 weeks gestational age using a risk score tool for palivizumab prophylaxis. | to evaluate the efficacy of palivizumab in infants of 29 to 32 weeks of gestational age (ga) based on a risk score tool developed for austria. retrospective single-center cohort study including all preterm infants of 29 (+0) to 32 (+6) weeks of ga born between 2004 and 2012 at a tertiary care university hospital. data on rsv-related hospitalizations over the first 2 years of life were analyzed and compared between those having received palivizumab and those without. the study population was comp ... | 2017 | 28078558 |
| evaluation of alere i rsv for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection. | alere i rsv is a novel rapid test which applies a nicking enzyme amplification reaction to detect respiratory syncytial virus in point-of-care settings. in this study, we evaluated the alere i rsv assay by using frozen nasopharyngeal swab samples that were collected in viral transport medium from children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection during the 2015-2016 winter season. alere i rsv assay results were compared to those for altona realstar rsv real-time reverse transcription- ... | 2017 | 28077700 |
| brd4 couples nf-κb/rela with airway inflammation and the irf-rig-i amplification loop in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the airway mucosa expresses protective interferon (ifn) and inflammatory cytokines in response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. in this study, we examine the role of bromodomain containing 4 (brd4) in mediating this innate immune response in human small airway epithelial cells. we observe that rsv induces brd4 to complex with nf-κb/rela. brd4 is functionally required for expression of the nf-κb-dependent inflammatory gene regulatory network (grn), including the ifn response factor ... | 2017 | 28077651 |
| notch ligand delta-like 4 promotes regulatory t cell identity in pulmonary viral infection. | regulatory t (treg) cells establish tolerance, prevent inflammation at mucosal surfaces, and regulate immunopathology during infectious responses. recent studies have shown that delta-like ligand 4 (dll4) was upregulated on apc after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, and its inhibition leads to exaggerated immunopathology. in the present study, we outline the role of dll4 in treg cell differentiation, stability, and function in rsv infection. we found that dll4 was expressed on cd11b( ... | 2017 | 28077598 |
| effective use of oral ribavirin for respiratory syncytial viral infections in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of respiratory viral infections, increasing the morbidity and mortality in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) recipients. little is known about the best management strategy in this immunocompromised group and there are very few data on oral ribavirin treatment. | 2017 | 28077243 |
| monoclonal antibody against g glycoprotein increases respiratory syncytial virus clearance in vivo and prevents vaccine-enhanced diseases. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants, young children, and the elderly. the g glycoprotein plays a role in host cell attachment and also modulates the host immune response, thereby inducing disease pathogenesis. we generated two monoclonal antibodies (mabs; 5h6 and 3a5) against g protein core fragment (gcf), which consisted of amino acid residues 131 to 230 from rsv a2 g protein. epitope mapping study revealed that 5h6 specifically bind ... | 2017 | 28076422 |
| defining the risk and associated morbidity and mortality of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants with congenital heart disease. | the regal (rsv evidence-a geographical archive of the literature) series provide a comprehensive review of the published evidence in the field of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in western countries over the last 20 years. this fourth publication covers the risk and burden of rsv infection in infants with congenital heart disease (chd). | 2017 | 28070870 |
| glutathione peroxidase-1 suppresses the unfolded protein response upon cigarette smoke exposure. | oxidative stress provokes endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress-induced unfolded protein response (upr) in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary (copd) subjects. the antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase-1 (gpx-1), counters oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke exposure. here, we investigate whether gpx-1 expression deters the upr following exposure to cigarette smoke. expression of er stress markers was investigated in fully differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (nhbe) cells iso ... | 2016 | 28070146 |
| conditioned medium from persistently rsv-infected macrophages alters transcriptional profile and inflammatory response of non-infected macrophages. | cells susceptible to persistent viral infections undergo important changes in their biological functions as a consequence of the expression of viral gene products that are capable of altering the gene expression profile of the host cell. previously, we reported that persistence of the rsv genome in a mouse macrophage cell line induces important alterations in cell homeostasis, including constitutive expression of ifn-β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. here, we postulated that changes in the ... | 2017 | 28069520 |
| quantification and determinants of the amount of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) shed using real time pcr data from a longitudinal household study. | background a better understanding of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemiology requires realistic estimates of rsv shedding patterns, quantities shed, and identification of the related underlying factors. methods rsv infection data arise from a cohort study of 47 households with 493 occupants, in coastal kenya, during the 2009/2010 rsv season. nasopharyngeal swabs were taken every 3 to 4 days and screened for rsv using a real time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. the amount of virus s ... | 2016 | 28066826 |
| c-jun n-terminal kinase activity is required for efficient respiratory syncytial virus production. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory infections in infants and the elderly, leading to more deaths than influenza each year worldwide. with no rsv antiviral or efficacious vaccine currently available, improved understanding of the host-rsv interaction is urgently required. here we examine the contribution to rsv infection of the host stress-regulated c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk), for the first time. peak jnk1/2 phosphoactivation is observed at ∼24 h post-infection, ... | 2017 | 28062184 |
| estimating the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on respiratory hospital admissions in children less than five years of age in england, 2007-2012. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of hospital admission in young children. with several rsv vaccines candidates undergoing clinical trials, recent estimates of rsv burden are required to provide a baseline for vaccine impact studies. | 2017 | 28058797 |
| thymus activity measured by t-cell receptor excision circles in patients with different severities of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of hospitalization in previously healthy infants. immunological mechanisms predisposing infants to severe disease are poorly understood. early biomarkers for disease severity may assist clinical decisions. we investigated t-cell receptor excision circles (trec), episomal dna made during thymic t-cell receptor rearrangement, and a marker for thymus activity, both during disease and in neonatal screening cards as a risk factor for r ... | 2017 | 28056841 |
| compassionate use experience with high-titer respiratory syncytical virus (rsv) immunoglobulin in rsv-infected immunocompromised persons. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may cause fatal lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in immunocompromised patients. ribavirin with or without standard intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) is frequently given although efficacy is debated. infusion of ivig with high levels of neutralizing antibody against rsv may offer benefit in these patients. | 2017 | 28054734 |
| burden of healthcare-associated viral respiratory infections in children's hospitals. | although healthcare-associated (ha) viral respiratory infections (vris) are common in pediatrics, no benchmark for comparison exists. we aimed to determine, compare, and assess determinants of unit-specific ha-vri incidence rates in 2 children's hospitals. | 2016 | 28040689 |
| respiratory syncytial virus. | | 2017 | 28030703 |
| pulmonary hemorrhage as a complication of respiratory syncyntial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of bronchiolitis. although there are a number of recognized complications, pulmonary hemorrhage has not been reported previously. a retrospective case notes review was performed through an electronic search of a pediatric intensive care unit's medical records. seven patients with rsv infection and pulmonary hemorrhage were identified and included in this case series. six of the seven patients were born prematurely (30-36 weeks gestation). all p ... | 2017 | 28029754 |
| viral agents causing acute respiratory infections in children under five: a study from eastern india. | background. acute respiratory infections (aris) are important cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five in developing country. methods. this observational study was conducted over two-year period in a tertiary care teaching hospital of eastern india. nasal and throat swabs were collected, transported to the laboratory at 2-8°c in viral transport media, and then processed for detection of viruses using mono/multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. results. a total of 300 child ... | 2016 | 28018433 |
| prevalence of co-infection between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza have varying degree of seasonal overlap. | 2017 | 28012809 |
| nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage during childhood community-acquired alveolar pneumonia: relationship between specific serotypes and coinfecting viruses. | respiratory viruses and streptococcus pneumoniae are known to be copathogens in childhood pneumonia. however, it is unclear whether all pneumococcal serotypes are equally prone to such interaction. we attempted to determine association between carried pneumococcal serotypes and respiratory viruses during childhood community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (caap). | 2017 | 28011920 |
| development of a global respiratory severity score for respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants has recognizable clinical signs and symptoms. however, quantification of disease severity is difficult, and published scores remain problematic. thus, as part of a rsv pathogenesis study, we developed a global respiratory severity score (grss) as a research tool for evaluating infants with primary rsv infection. | 2017 | 28011907 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection-associated hospitalization rates in infants and children with cystic fibrosis. | infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the leading cause for hospital admissions in infants and young children. the incidence of rsv-related hospitalizations in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) is unclear. to date, no effective treatment for rsv infections is available. thus, prophylaxis with the monoclonal antibody palivizumab is an important option. | 2017 | 28005688 |
| seasonality of influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses and the effect of climate factors in subtropical-tropical asia using influenza-like illness surveillance data, 2010 -2012. | the seasonality of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is well known, and many analyses have been conducted in temperate countries; however, this is still not well understood in tropical countries. previous studies suggest that climate factors are involved in the seasonality of these viruses. however, the extent of the effect of each climate variable is yet to be defined. | 2016 | 28002419 |
| a live rsv vaccine with engineered thermostability is immunogenic in cotton rats despite high attenuation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of infant hospitalization and there remains no pediatric vaccine. rsv live-attenuated vaccines (lavs) have a history of safe testing in infants; however, achieving an effective balance of attenuation and immunogenicity has proven challenging. here we seek to engineer an rsv lav with enhanced immunogenicity. genetic mapping identifies strain line 19 fusion (f) protein residues that correlate with pre-fusion antigen maintenance by elisa and ther ... | 2016 | 28000669 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced paediatric ards: why we should unpack the syndrome. | | 2017 | 28000595 |
| vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus in pregnancy. | | 2016 | 27998593 |
| development of bioluminescence imaging of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in virus-infected live mice and its use for evaluation of therapeutics and vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the leading causes of pneumonia among infants with no human vaccine or efficient curative treatments. efforts are underway to develop new rsv vaccines and therapeutics. there is a dire need for animal models for preclinical evaluation and selection of products against rsv. herein, we developed a whole body bioluminescence imaging to follow replication of rsv a2 virus strain expressing firefly luciferase (rsva2-line19-ffl) in live balb/c mice that can b ... | 2017 | 27989627 |
| [after the epidemic - before the epidemic. incidence of bronchiolitis at the pediatric ward of the bács-kiskun county hospital]. | bronchiolitis may cause severe respiratory insufficiency in infants and toddlers. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is its most frequent infective agent. | 2016 | 27989226 |
| virus-like particle vaccine by intranasal vaccination elicits protective immunity against respiratory syncytial viral infection in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory infection in infants and children, but there is still no licensed vaccine available. in this report, we developed virus-like particle (vlp) vaccines based on the bac-to-bac baculovirus expression system, consisting of an influenza virus matrix (m1) protein and the rsv fusion protein (f) or glycoprotein (g). these rsv vlps were identified by western blot analysis and electron microscopy. female balb/c mice immunized intrana ... | 2017 | 27974288 |
| commentary: blood eosinophilia is associated with unfavorable hospitalization outcomes in children with bronchiolitis. | | 2016 | 27965947 |
| correction: effects of chronologic age and young child exposure on respiratory syncytial virus disease among us preterm infants born at 32 to 35 weeks gestation. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166226.]. | 2016 | 27959962 |
| factors related to compliance with palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection - data from poland. | to evaluate compliance and health outcomes in children receiving palivizumab prophylaxis and to identify factors that could impact parental compliance with the recommended regimen of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis. | 2017 | 27941187 |
| cytokine elevation in sudden death with respiratory syncytial virus: a case report of 2 children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common viral cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children worldwide. premature birth, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, and down syndrome are risk factors for high mortality and prolonged morbidity after rsv infection. conversely, many previously healthy, full-term children are also admitted to the hospital because of rsv, and some of them experience severe sequelae or die due to the virus. various complications of rsv i ... | 2016 | 27940684 |
| human newborn b cells mount an interferon-α/β receptor-dependent humoral response to respiratory syncytial virus. | | 2017 | 27931976 |
| hygiene factors associated with childhood food allergy and asthma. | childhood food allergy and asthma rates are increasing. the hygiene hypothesis has been proposed as an explanation for the increased incidence of allergic disease. | 2016 | 27931290 |
| secondhand smoke exposure, illness severity, and resource utilization in pediatric emergency department patients with respiratory illnesses. | hospital-based data reveal that children who have secondhand smoke exposure (shse) experience severe respiratory illnesses and greater resource utilization. our objective was to assess the relationship between shse and illness severity/resource utilization among children presenting to the pediatric emergency department (ped) with three common respiratory conditions-asthma, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. | 2016 | 27929695 |
| experiences of caring for infants with severe bronchiolitis. | background common in children under two years, bronchiolitis is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus (jhawar 2003). symptoms are usually self-limiting although some children develop respiratory distress requiring hospitalisation (scottish intercollegiate guidelines network 2006). supplemental oxygen, fluid support and ventilator assistance may also be necessary. in cases of moderately severe bronchiolitis, oxygen can be delivered through a head box, but some hospitals deliver high-flow ... | 2016 | 27927115 |
| genetic modification of the lung directed toward treatment of human disease. | genetic modification therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for many diseases of the lung intractable to other treatments. lung gene therapy has been the subject of numerous preclinical animal experiments and human clinical trials, for targets including genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and α1-antitrypsin deficiency, complex disorders such as asthma, allergy, and lung cancer, infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pseudomonas, as well as pulmonary arterial hypertens ... | 2017 | 27927014 |
| evaluation of the financial and health burden of infants at risk for respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral cause of death in infants younger than 1 year. in july 2014, the american academy of pediatrics (aap) committee on infectious diseases concluded that the "limited clinical benefit" for infants born at more than 29 weeks' gestation, together with the associated high cost of the immunoprophylaxis, no longer supported the routine use of palivizumab (synagis). | 2016 | 27926583 |
| differences in the nasopharyngeal microbiome during acute respiratory tract infection with human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in infancy. | respiratory viruses alter the nasopharyngeal microbiome and may be associated with a distinct microbial signature. to test this hypothesis, we compared the nasopharyngeal microbiome of 135 previously healthy infants with acute respiratory infection due to human rhinovirus (hrv; n = 52) or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv; n = 83). the nasopharyngeal microbiome was assessed by sequencing the v4 region of the 16s ribosomal rna. respiratory viruses were identified by quantitative reverse-transcript ... | 2016 | 27923952 |
| pharmacist-driven respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis stewardship service in a neonatal intensive care unit. | the development and implementation of a pharmacist-driven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis stewardship program in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) are described. | 2016 | 27919877 |
| synthetic biodegradable microparticle and nanoparticle vaccines against the respiratory syncytial virus. | synthetic biodegradable microparticle and nanoparticle platform technology provides the opportunity to design particles varying in composition, size, shape and surface properties for application in vaccine development. the use of particle vaccine formulations allows improvement of antigen stability and immunogenicity while allowing targeted delivery and slow release. this technology has been design to develop novel vaccines against the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the leading cause of lowe ... | 2016 | 27918420 |
| predicting the relative impacts of maternal and neonatal respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine target product profiles: a consensus modelling approach. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major viral cause of infant and childhood lower respiratory tract disease worldwide. defining the optimal target product profile (tpp) is complicated due to a wide range of possible vaccine properties, modalities and an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of natural immunity. we report consensus population level impact projections based on two mathematical models applied to a low income setting. | 2017 | 27914740 |
| factors predicting life-threatening infections with respiratory syncytial virus in adult patients. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant cause of acute respiratory illness with a clinical spectrum ranging from self-limiting upper respiratory infection to severe lower respiratory infection in elderly persons as well as young children. however, there are limited data on risk factors for life-threatening infections that could guide the appropriate use of antiviral agents in adult patients with rsv. | 2017 | 27911143 |
| molecular detection and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus b genotypes circulating in pakistani children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children, but very little is known about its epidemiology and circulating genotypes in pakistan. this study analyzed the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of rsv b genotypes in pakistani children below 5years with acute respiratory tract infections (aris) during three consecutive winter seasons from 2010 to 2013. a total of 1941 samples were analyzed for rsv infection by real tim ... | 2017 | 27908797 |
| a review on antiviral activity of the himalayan medicinal plants traditionally used to treat bronchitis and related symptoms. | bronchitis is a common respiratory tract infection of humans mainly caused by influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus and respiratory syncytial virus. the aim of this review was to gather fragmented literature on ethnomedicinal plants used against bronchitis in the himalayan region and their in-vitro validation against bronchitis causing viral pathogens. | 2017 | 27905101 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: infection, detection, and new options for prevention and treatment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a significant cause of hospitalization of children in north america and one of the leading causes of death of infants less than 1 year of age worldwide, second only to malaria. despite its global impact on human health, there are relatively few therapeutic options available to prevent or treat rsv infection. paradoxically, there is a very large volume of information that is constantly being refined on rsv replication, the mechanisms of rsv-induced p ... | 2017 | 27903593 |
| clinical characteristics and outcome of respiratory syncytial virus infection among adults hospitalized with influenza-like illness in france. | the aim of this study was to analyse characteristics and outcome of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in adults hospitalized with influenza-like illness (ili). | 2017 | 27903461 |
| effects of chronologic age and young child exposure on respiratory syncytial virus disease among us preterm infants born at 32 to 35 weeks gestation. | to estimate the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease as a function of chronologic age and exposure to young children in us preterm infants. | 2016 | 27898687 |
| national evidence in israel supporting reevaluation of respiratory syncytial virus prophylactic guidelines. | the american academy of pediatrics (aap) recently narrowed the indications for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis, while in israel the guidelines have not changed. | 2017 | 27898422 |
| pulmonary dendritic cell subsets shape the respiratory syncytial virus-specific cd8+ t cell immunodominance hierarchy in neonates. | young infants are generally more susceptible to viral infections and experience more severe disease than do adults. cd8(+) t cells are important for viral clearance, and although often ineffective in neonates they can be protective when adequately stimulated. using a murine cb6f1/j hybrid model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, we previously demonstrated that the cd8(+) t cell immunodominance hierarchy to two rsv-derived epitopes, k(d)m282-90 and d(b)m187-195, was determined by the ... | 2017 | 27895172 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and influenza are the key viral pathogens in children <2 years hospitalized with bronchiolitis and pneumonia in islamabad pakistan. | pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. comprehensive surveillance data are needed to review the prevention and control strategies. we conducted active surveillance of acute lower respiratory infections among children aged <2 years hospitalized at two hospitals of islamabad, pakistan. viral etiology was determined using real-time pcr on respiratory specimens collected during march 2011-april 2012. the overall mean age was 7.83 ± 5.25 months while no ... | 2017 | 27885562 |
| clinical impact of mixed respiratory viral infection in children with adenoviral infection. | although adenovirus (adv) infection occurs steadily all year round in korea and the identification of respiratory viral coinfections has been increasing following the introduction of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction tests, the clinical impact of viral coinfection in children with adv infection has rarely been reported. | 2016 | 27883373 |
| respiratory viral infections and host responses; insights from genomics. | respiratory viral infections are a leading cause of disease and mortality. the severity of these illnesses can vary markedly from mild or asymptomatic upper airway infections to severe wheezing, bronchiolitis or pneumonia. in this article, we review the viral sensing pathways and organizing principles that govern the innate immune response to infection. then, we reconstruct the molecular networks that differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic respiratory viral infections, and identify the unde ... | 2016 | 27871304 |
| defining the risk and associated morbidity and mortality of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants with chronic lung disease. | the regal (rsv evidence-a geographical archive of the literature) series provide a comprehensive review of the published evidence in the field of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in western countries over the last 20 years. this third publication covers the risk and burden of rsv infection in infants with chronic lung disease (cld), formerly called bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd). | 2016 | 27864751 |
| impact of the updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection: a single center experience. | to determine the differences in number of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalizations and outcomes in infants 29(0/7)-34(6/7) weeks' gestational age (wga) the season before (season 1 [s1]; 2013-2014) and after (season 2 [s2]; 2014-2015) implementation of the 2014 american academy of pediatrics revised guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis. | 2017 | 27855996 |
| absence of association between cord specific antibody levels and severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in early infants: a case control study from coastal kenya. | the target group for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease prevention is infants under 6 months of age. vaccine boosting of antibody titres in pregnant mothers could protect these young infants from severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) associated disease. quantifying protective levels of rsv-specific maternal antibody at birth would inform vaccine development. | 2016 | 27851799 |
| antiviral activity of polysaccharide extract from laminaria japonica against respiratory syncytial virus. | this study was designed to investigate the inhibition activity of polysaccharide extract from laminaria japonica against rsv. the polysaccharide from laminaria japonica was isolated by ethanol precipitation. hek293 cells were infected with rvs, and the antiviral activity of polysaccharide extract against rsv in host cells was tested. by using elisa and western blot assay, the expression level of ifn-α and irf3 and their functional roles in polysaccharide-mediated antiviral activity against rsv w ... | 2016 | 27847204 |
| natural killer cells in asthma. | this review article discusses current knowledge on natural killer (nk) cells in asthma. | 2017 | 27841766 |
| immunopathogenesis associated with formaldehyde-inactivated rsv vaccine in preclinical and clinical studies. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is responsible for one-third of deaths of acute lower respiratory infection in children less than one-year-old. the formaldehyde-inactivated rsv vaccine trial conducted in the 1960s predisposed the vaccinees to more serious rsv infection instead of protection. better understanding of the underlying mechanism is of critical importance for better designing of safe and effective rsv vaccines. areas covered: pubmed was searched to review immunopathology in ... | 2017 | 27841687 |
| management of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: 2015 survey of members of the european society for paediatric infectious diseases. | in 1995, the european society for paediatric infectious diseases (espid) carried out a survey of its members to assess the variation in management of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. the aim of the current study was to carry out a similar survey 20 years later to assess how the management had changed. an electronic, structured, english language survey, based on the united kingdom national institute for health and care excellence (nice) bronchiolitis draft guideline, was sent to e ... | 2016 | 27840650 |
| vitamin d increases the antiviral activity of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. | by modulating the antiviral immune response via vitamin d receptor, the active form of vitamin d (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d, calcitriol) could play a central role in protection against respiratory virus infections. this in vitro study tested the hypothesis that respiratory viruses modulate vitamin d receptor expression in human bronchial epithelial cells and this modulation affects the antiviral response to exogenous vitamin d. | 2017 | 27838350 |
| local variations in the timing of rsv epidemics. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a primary cause of hospitalizations in children worldwide. the timing of seasonal rsv epidemics needs to be known in order to administer prophylaxis to high-risk infants at the appropriate time. | 2016 | 27835988 |
| co-circulation of 72bp duplication group a and 60bp duplication group b respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strains in riyadh, saudi arabia during 2014. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important viral pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection (ari). limited data are available on molecular epidemiology of rsv from saudi arabia. a total of 130 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children less than 5 years of age with ari symptoms attending the emergency department at king khalid university hospital and king fahad medical city, riyadh, saudi arabia between october and december, 2014. rsv was identified in the 26% of the hospita ... | 2016 | 27835664 |
| transcriptome assists prognosis of disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus infected infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes infections that range from common cold to severe lower respiratory tract infection requiring high-level medical care. prediction of the course of disease in individual patients remains challenging at the first visit to the pediatric wards and rsv infections may rapidly progress to severe disease. in this study we investigate whether there exists a genomic signature that can accurately predict the course of rsv. we used early blood microarray transcriptome ... | 2016 | 27833115 |
| a simple screening approach to prioritize genes for functional analysis identifies a role for interferon regulatory factor 7 in the control of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | greater understanding of the functions of host gene products in response to infection is required. while many of these genes enable pathogen clearance, some enhance pathogen growth or contribute to disease symptoms. many studies have profiled transcriptomic and proteomic responses to infection, generating large data sets, but selecting targets for further study is challenging. here we propose a novel data-mining approach combining multiple heterogeneous data sets to prioritize genes for further ... | 2017 | 27822537 |
| characterizing the risk of respiratory syncytial virus in infants with older siblings: a population-based birth cohort study. | from a population-based birth cohort of 245 249 children born in western australia during 1996-2005, we used linkage of laboratory and birth record datasets to obtain data including all respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) detections during infancy from a subcohort of 87 981 singleton children born in the perth metropolitan area from 2000 to 2004. using log binomial regression, we found that the risk of infant rsv detection increases with the number of older siblings, with those having ⩾3 older sib ... | 2017 | 27821195 |
| [effect of respiratory syncytial virus-related pulmonary infection on endogenous metabolites in large intestinal mucosa in mice]. | to investigate the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related pulmonary infection on endogenous metabolites in large intestinal mucosa in balb/c mice using metabolomics technology based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). | 2016 | 27817786 |
| health care-acquired viral respiratory diseases. | health care-acquired viral respiratory infections are common and cause increased patient morbidity and mortality. respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus are frequently transmitted in the hospital setting. studies report decreased nosocomial transmission when aggressive infection control measures are implemented with more success using a multicomponent approach. influenza vaccination of health care personnel has been shown to further decrease rates of transmission, thus mandatory vaccina ... | 2016 | 27816139 |
| non-invasive epicutaneous vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus: preclinical proof of concept. | to put a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine onto the market, new vaccination strategies combining scientific and technical innovations need to be explored. such a vaccine would also need to be adapted to the vaccination of young children that are the principal victims of acute rsv infection. in the present project, we describe the development and the preclinical evaluation of an original epicutaneous rsv vaccine that combines two technologies: viaskin® epicutaneous patches as a delivery p ... | 2016 | 27720994 |
| chlorogenic compounds from coffee beans exert activity against respiratory viruses. | chlorogenic acids are secondary metabolites in diverse plants. some chlorogenic acids extracted from traditional medicinal plants are known for their healing properties, e.g., against viral infections. also, green coffee beans are a rich source of chlorogenic acids, with 5-o-caffeoylquinic acid being the most abundant chlorogenic acid in coffee. we previously reported the synthesis of the regioisomers of lactones, bearing different substituents on the quinidic core. here, 3,4-o-dicaffeoyl-1,5-γ- ... | 2017 | 27806409 |
| three new polyphenolic acids from the leaves of eucalyptus citriodora with antivirus activity. | six polyphenolic acids (1-6), including the three new compounds citriodolic acids a, b, and c (1-3), were isolated from the leaves of eucalyptus citriodora. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including one dimensional (1d)- and 2d-nmr, high-resolution electrospray ionization (hr-esi)-ms, and circular dichroism (cd). the potential antivirus activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) of all the isolated compounds was evaluated. | 2016 | 27523640 |
| clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infection in eastern china between 2009 and 2013: a retrospective study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in children aged <5 years and older adults with acute lower respiratory infections (alris). however, few studies regarding the epidemiology of hospitalizations for rsv infection have been performed previously in china. here, we aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed rsv infection in eastern china. active surveillance for hospitaliz ... | 2016 | 27802292 |
| vaccination strategies against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of us infant hospitalization. additionally, rsv is responsible for 10,000 deaths annually among the elderly across the united states, and accounts for nearly as many hospitalizations as influenza. currently, several rsv vaccine candidates are under development to target different age groups. to evaluate the potential effectiveness of age-specific vaccination strategies in averting rsv incidence, we developed a transmission model that int ... | 2016 | 27799521 |
| altered treg and cytokine responses in rsv-infected infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 y of age in the usa. the host immune response is believed to contribute to rsv-induced disease. we hypothesize that severe rsv infection in infants is mediated by insufficient regulation of the host immune response of regulatory t cells (tregs) resulting in immunopathology. | 2016 | 27486703 |
| risk factors for virus-induced acute respiratory tract infections in children younger than 3 years and recurrent wheezing at 36 months follow-up after discharge. | we sought to know more about how 14 common respiratory viruses manifest clinically, and to identify risk factors for specific virus-induced acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in children younger than 3 years old and for wheezing at 36-month follow-up. | 2017 | 27798551 |
| similar to those who are breastfed, infants fed a formula containing 2'-fucosyllactose have lower inflammatory cytokines in a randomized controlled trial. | evidence suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) provide multiple benefits to infants, including prebiotic effects, gut maturation, antimicrobial activities, and immune modulation. clinical intervention studies with hmos are required to confirm these benefits in infants. | 2016 | 27798337 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: enter the microbiome. | | 2016 | 27797613 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus replication by simultaneous targeting of mrna and genomic rna using dual-targeting sirnas. | we attempted to generate sirnas with two active strands, which can simultaneously knock down the expression of mrna and viral genomic rna. in this study, short hairpin rnas (shrnas) against n and f genes were used. expression of f and n mrna transcripts as well as genomic rna was determined with relative real-time rt-pcr. the rsv load in infected cell culture supernatant was determined by absolute quantitative real-time pcr. we found that (i) in the presence of shrna-n, a greater reduction in vi ... | 2016 | 27766578 |
| hydrogen sulfide is an antiviral and antiinflammatory endogenous gasotransmitter in the airways. role in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | hydrogen sulfide (h2s) is an endogenous gaseous transmitter whose role in the pathophysiology of several lung diseases has been increasingly appreciated. our recent studies in vitro have shown, we believe for the first time, that h2s has an important antiviral and antiinflammatory activity in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in children. our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of gyy4137, a novel slow-releasing h2 ... | 2016 | 27314446 |
| pulmonary air leak syndrome associated with traumatic nasopharyngeal suctioning. | we describe a healthy 7-month-old female infant who developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum (pm) and subcutaneous emphysema after traumatic nasopharyngeal suctioning (nps) while hospitalised for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pulmonary air leak syndrome associated with traumatic nps in a healthy infant affected by bronchiolitis. although nps is currently the mainstay of treatment in patients admitted with bronchiolitis ... | 2016 | 27793871 |
| rsv-specific anti-viral immunity is disrupted by chronic ethanol consumption. | alcohol-use disorders (aud) persist in the united states and are heavily associated with an increased susceptibility to respiratory viral infections. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in particular has received attention as a viral pathogen commonly detected in children and immune-compromised populations (elderly, asthmatics), yet more recently was recognized as an important viral pathogen in young adults. our study evaluated the exacerbation of rsv-associated illness in mice that chronically co ... | 2016 | 27788776 |
| respiratory syncytial virus vaccines: an update on those in the immediate pipeline. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is among the most common causes of lower respiratory tract infection among infants and the elderly worldwide. despite its long history, no licensed vaccine is available. recently, advances in the knowledge of rsv biology and pathology as well as the development of new techniques to generate vaccine candidates have increased the number of promising vaccines. the aim of this review is to analyze rsv characteristics, to consider the history of rsv vaccines and to d ... | 2016 | 27750448 |
| nasogastric hydration in infants with bronchiolitis less than 2 months of age. | to determine whether nasogastric hydration can be used in infants less than 2 months of age with bronchiolitis, and characterize the adverse events profile of these infants compared with infants given intravenous (iv) fluid hydration. | 2016 | 27522439 |
| identification of different respiratory viruses, after a cell culture step, by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). | in this study matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms), a reliable identification method for the diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infections, is presented as an innovative tool to investigate the protein profile of cell cultures infected by the most common viruses causing respiratory tract infections in humans. maldi-tof ms was applied to the identification of influenza a and b viruses, adenovirus c species, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3 ... | 2016 | 27786297 |
| management of bronchiolitis in community hospitals in ontario: a multicentre cohort study. | bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospital admission for infants, but few studies have examined management of this condition in community hospital settings. we reviewed the management of children with bronchiolitis presenting to community hospitals in ontario. | 2016 | 26906352 |
| respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization outcomes and costs of full-term and preterm infants. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which causes lower respiratory tract infections, is the leading cause of hospitalization among children <1 year old in the united states. risk factors for rsv hospitalization include premature birth and younger chronologic age, along with several comorbid conditions. however, in terms of rsv hospitalization costs, premature infants are rarely studied separately from full-term infants. the objective of this study is to describe the cost and severi ... | 2016 | 27490190 |
| age-related effect of viral-induced wheezing in severe prematurity. | premature children are prone to severe viral respiratory infections in early life, but the age at which susceptibility peaks and disappears for each pathogen is unclear. methods: a retrospective analysis was performed of the age distribution and clinical features of acute viral respiratory infections in full-term and premature children, aged zero to seven years. results: the study comprised of a total of 630 hospitalizations (n = 580 children). sixty-seven percent of these hospitalizations occur ... | 2016 | 27775602 |
| respiratory viruses: influenza, rsv, and adenovirus in kidney transplantation. | although advances in immunosuppression and antimicrobial prophylaxis have led to improved patient and graft survival, respiratory viruses continue to be a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. we describe the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment options for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus infection in the kidney transplant population. | 2016 | 27772626 |
| molecular evolution of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a genotype na1 and on1 attachment glycoprotein (g) gene in central vietnam. | we performed molecular evolutionary analyses of the g gene c-terminal 3rd hypervariable region of rsv-a genotypes na1 and on1 strains from the paediatric acute respiratory infection patients in central vietnam during the 2010-2012 study period. time-scaled phylogenetic analyses were performed using bayesian markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) method, and pairwise distances (p-distances) were calculated. bayesian skyline plot (bsp) was constructed to analyze the time-trend relative genetic diversity ... | 2016 | 27746294 |
| the cost-effectiveness of palivizumab in infants with cystic fibrosis in the canadian setting: a decision analysis model. | children with cystic fibrosis (cf) are at higher risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, which can lead to a decline in lung function. a monoclonal antibody, palivizumab (pmb), effectively prevents rsv hospitalizations; however, the high cost of pmb, approximately c$10,000 per patient per rsv season, limits its widespread use. we assess the cost-effectiveness of pmb prophylaxis in cf children less than 2 y of age from the canadian healthcare payer's perspective. | 2017 | 27768505 |
| epidemiology and clinical presentations of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b detected with multiplex real-time pcr. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most important pathogenic infections of children and requires in-depth research worldwide, and especially in developing countries. we used a novel multiplex real-time pcr to test 5483 patients (≤ 14 years old) hospitalized with respiratory illness in guangzhou, china, over a 3-year period. of these patients, 729 were positive for rsv-a (51.2%, 373/729) or rsv-b (48.8%, 356/729), but none was infected with both viruses. two seasonal peaks in total r ... | 2016 | 27764220 |
| stability characterization of a vaccine antigen based on the respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes both upper and lower respiratory tract disease in humans, leading to significant morbidity and mortality in both young children and older adults. currently, there is no licensed vaccine available, and therapeutic options are limited. during the infection process, the type i viral fusion (f) glycoprotein on the surface of the rsv particle rearranges from a metastable prefusion conformation to a highly stable postfusion form. in people natura ... | 2016 | 27764150 |
| palivizumab adherence and outcomes in canadian aboriginal children. | aboriginal infants are at risk for serious respiratory infection. | 2016 | 27331856 |
| intensive care unit admission and death rates of infants admitted with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in mexico. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common etiology for acute respiratory infection hospital admissions in young children. case fatality rates for hospitalized patients range between 0% and 3.4%. recent reports indicate that deaths associated with rsv are uncommon in developed countries. however, the role of this virus as a current cause of mortality in other countries requires further examination. | 2016 | 27276178 |
| burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus disease among 33-35 weeks' gestational age infants born during multiple respiratory syncytial virus seasons. | moderate-late preterm infants, 33-35 weeks' gestational age (wga), are at increased risk for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization (rsvh). the objective of this study is to quantify the burden of rsvh in moderate-late preterm infants. | 2017 | 27755464 |
| comparing first- and second-year palivizumab prophylaxis in patients with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease in the caress database (2005-2015). | respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization (rsvh) rates in children less than <2 years of age with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (hschd) are 2-4 fold higher compared with healthy term infants. pediatric recommendations differ as to whether palivizumab is beneficial beyond 1 year of age. the objective was to determine whether differences exist in respiratory-related illness hospitalization (rih) and rsvh in hschd infants receiving palivizumab during the first year versus s ... | 2016 | 27753795 |
| respiratory syncytial virus aggravates renal injury through cytokines and direct renal injury. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between renal injury and reinfection that is caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and to analyze the mechanism of renal injury. rats were repeatedly infected with rsv on days 4, 8, 14, and 28, then sacrificed and examined on day 56 after the primary infection. renal injury was examined by transmission electron microscopy and histopathology. the f protein of rsv was detected in the renal tissue by indirect immunofluorescence. pr ... | 2016 | 27747195 |
| ginseng, the natural effectual antiviral: protective effects of korean red ginseng against viral infection. | korean red ginseng (krg) is a heat-processed ginseng developed by the repeated steaming and air-drying of fresh ginseng. compared with fresh ginseng, krg has been shown to possess greater pharmacological activities and stability because of changes that occur in its chemical constituents during the steaming process. in addition to anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory activities, krg and its purified components have also been shown to possess protective effects against microbial in ... | 2016 | 27746682 |
| respiratory syncytial virus a and b display different temporal patterns in a 4-year prospective cross-sectional study among children with acute respiratory infection in a tropical city. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common etiological agents of childhood respiratory infections globally. information on seasonality of different antigenic groups is scarce. we aimed to describe the frequency, seasonality, and age of children infected by rsv antigenic groups a (rsva) and b (rsvb) among children with ari in a 4-year period.children (6-23 months old) with respiratory infection for ≤7 days were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study, from september, 2009 ... | 2016 | 27741144 |