| low retinol-binding protein and vitamin d levels are associated with severe outcomes in children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection and respiratory syncytial virus or human metapneumovirus detection. | retinol binding protein and vitamin d were measured in children aged <5 years hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection and respiratory syncytial virus and/or human metapneumovirus detections. low vitamin levels were observed in 50% of the children and were associated with significantly elevated risk of the need for intensive care unit admission and invasive mechanical ventilation. | 2017 | 28578159 |
| unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for sickle cell disease following reduced-intensity conditioning: results of a phase i trial. | hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from hla-matched sibling donors results in disease-free survival of >90% in patients with sickle cell disease (scd); however, only approximately 18% of these patients have suitable donors available. unrelated cord blood transplantation (ucbt) is one way to expand donor options for patients with severe scd, but historically has been associated with high graft rejection rates (50% to 62%). we hypothesized that the addition of thiotepa to a previously tested ... | 2017 | 28578010 |
| stat1 represses cytokine-producing group 2 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells during viral infection. | the appropriate orchestration of different arms of the immune response is critical during viral infection to promote efficient viral clearance while limiting immunopathology. however, the signals and mechanisms that guide this coordination are not fully understood. ifns are produced at high levels during viral infection and have convergent signaling through stat1. we hypothesized that stat1 signaling during viral infection regulates the balance of innate lymphoid cells (ilc), a diverse class of ... | 2017 | 28576981 |
| mitochondrial protein p32/hapb1/gc1qr/c1qbp is required for efficient respiratory syncytial virus production. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory infections in infants and the elderly, leading to more deaths than influenza each year, but there is no antiviral or efficacious vaccine currently available. here we examine the role in infection of the host mitochondrial protein p32 (habp/gc1qr/c1qbp) for the first time. rsv replication as well as infectious virus production was significantly reduced by p32 sirna knockdown, consistent with an important role for p32 in rsv infecti ... | 2017 | 28576489 |
| association of c-reactive protein with bacterial and respiratory syncytial virus-associated pneumonia among children aged <5 years in the perch study. | lack of a gold standard for identifying bacterial and viral etiologies of pneumonia has limited evaluation of c-reactive protein (crp) for identifying bacterial pneumonia. we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of crp for identifying bacterial vs respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia in the pneumonia etiology research for child health (perch) multicenter case-control study. | 2017 | 28575375 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: prospects for new and emerging therapeutics. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. although the development of a rsv vaccine has been a priority for >50 years, there is still no vaccine available. treatment of rsv lrti has remained mostly supportive, i.e. hydration and oxygenation. palivizumab and ribavirin are the only options currently available for prevention and treatment of rsv infection, but evidence suggests that they are ... | 2017 | 28574729 |
| efficacy and safety of ban huang oral liquid for treating bovine respiratory diseases. | ban huang oral liquid was developed as a veterinary compound preparation by the lanzhou institute of husbandry and pharmaceutical sciences of the chinese academy of agricultural sciences (caas). the purpose of this study was to determine whether the oral liquid preparation of traditional chinese medicine, ban huang, is safe and effective for treating respiratory diseases in cattle. | 2017 | 28573221 |
| natural killer t cell sensitization during neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection induces eosinophilic lung disease in re-infected adult mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly worldwide. infants with severe rsv bronchiolitis tend to experience more wheezing and asthma in later childhood. because invariant natural killer t (inkt) cells are associated with the asthma pathology, we investigated whether neonatal inkt cells are involved in the aggravation of pulmonary diseases following rsv infection in mice. intranasal exposure to th ... | 2017 | 28570692 |
| effect of climate on incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infections in a refugee camp in kenya: a non-gaussian time-series analysis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the major causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections (alrti) in children. children younger than 1 year are the most susceptible to rsv infection. rsv infections occur seasonally in temperate climate regions. based on rsv surveillance and climatic data, we developed statistical models that were assessed and compared to predict the relationship between weather and rsv incidence among refugee children younger than 5 years in dadaab refugee camp in ... | 2017 | 28570627 |
| respiratory syncytial virus associated myocarditis requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. | severe fulminant myocarditis causing cardiogenic shock can be a rapidly progressing, life threatening condition. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a very rare infectious culprit infrequently described in medical literature as a cause of myocarditis, particularly in adults. we present a case of acute fulminant myocarditis in a patient with pcr positive rsv infection requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va-ecmo). | 2017 | 28567315 |
| heme oxygenase-1 modulates human respiratory syncytial virus replication and lung pathogenesis during infection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in children. the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral drugs against hrsv is imperative to control the burden of disease in the susceptible population. in this study, we examined the effects of inducing the activity of the host enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) on hrsv replication and pathogenesis on lung inflammation induced by this virus. our results show that after hrs ... | 2017 | 28566367 |
| a dynamic cell entry pathway of respiratory syncytial virus revealed by tracking the quantum dot-labeled single virus. | studying the cell entry pathway at the single-particle level can provide detailed and quantitative information for the dynamic events involved in virus entry. indeed, the viral entry dynamics cannot be monitored by static staining methods used in cell biology, and thus virus dynamic tracking could be useful in the development of effective antiviral strategies. therefore, the aim of this work was to use a quantum dot-based single-particle tracking approach to monitor the cell entry behavior of th ... | 2017 | 28561831 |
| respiratory-syncytial-virus- and rhinovirus-related bronchiolitis in children aged <2 years in an english district general hospital. | bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization in young children. in addition to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), other viruses have been increasingly implicated. guidance on testing has also changed. | 2017 | 28559125 |
| age predicts cytokine kinetics and innate immune cell activation following intranasal delivery of ifnγ and gm-csf in a mouse model of rsv infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children and is further associated with increased healthcare utilization and cost of care in the first years of life. severe rsv disease during infancy has also been linked to the later development of allergic asthma, yet there remains no licensed rsv vaccine or effective treatment. pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that disease severity and development of allergic asthma are associat ... | 2017 | 28558308 |
| national cohort study showed that infants with down's syndrome faced a high risk of hospitalisation for the respiratory syncytial virus. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of hospitalisation in infants. we investigated this risk in children with down's syndrome under two years of age, adjusted for other known risk factors. | 2017 | 28556255 |
| consecutive yearly outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus in a haemato-oncology ward and efficacy of infection control measures. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant respiratory tract infection in immunosuppressed patients. | 2017 | 28554834 |
| coptidis rhizoma extract inhibits replication of respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in vivo by inducing antiviral state. | coptidis rhizoma is derived from the dried rhizome of ranunculaceous plants and is a commonly used traditional chinese medicine. although coptidis rhizoma is commonly used for its many therapeutic effects, antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has not been reported in detail. in this study, we evaluated the antiviral activities of coptidis rhizoma extract (cre) against rsv in human respiratory tract cell line (hep2) and balb/c mice. an effective dose of cre significantly r ... | 2017 | 28551874 |
| virus detection by pcr following vaccination of naive calves with intranasal or injectable multivalent modified-live viral vaccines. | we evaluated duration of pcr-positive results following administration of modified-live viral (mlv) vaccines to beef calves. twenty beef calves were randomly assigned to either group 1 and vaccinated intranasally with a mlv vaccine containing bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), or to group 2 and vaccinated subcutaneously with a mlv vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, -2), bohv-1, brs ... | 2017 | 28545321 |
| pcpp-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) sf subunit vaccine: self-assembled supramolecular complexes enable enhanced immunogenicity and protection. | pcpp, a well-defined polyphosphazene macromolecule, has been studied as an immunoadjuvant for a soluble form of the postfusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv sf), which is an attractive vaccine candidate for inducing rsv-specific immunity in mice and humans. we demonstrate that rsv sf-pcpp formulations induce high neutralization titers to rsv comparable to alum formulations even at a low pcpp dose and protect animals against viral challenge both in the lung and in the upper res ... | 2017 | 28544850 |
| humidified high-flow nasal cannula oxygen in bronchiolitis reduces need for invasive ventilation but not intensive care admission. | to describe the changes to paediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission patterns and ventilation requirements for children with bronchiolitis following the introduction of humidified high-flow nasal cannula oxygen outside the picu. | 2017 | 28544665 |
| a risk-adapted approach to treating respiratory syncytial virus and human parainfluenza virus in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients with oral ribavirin therapy: a pilot study. | here we report the applicability of a protocol based on clinical conditions and risk factors (rfs) for managing 35 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct) recipients who developed a total of 52 episodes of respiratory viral infections (rvis) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv; n=19), human parainfluenza virus (hpiv; n=29), or both (n=4) over a 2-year study period. risk categories were classified as high risk (cat-1) when the immunodeficiency scoring index was ≥3 an ... | 2017 | 28544152 |
| serum ll-37 level is associated with severity of bronchiolitis and viral etiology. | ll-37 is a host defense peptide with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. we examined the relation of serum ll-37 levels to the severity of bronchiolitis and viral etiology. | 2017 | 28541502 |
| significance of platelet count in children admitted with bronchiolitis. | to determine the true prevalence of thrombocytosis in children less than 2 years of age with bronchiolitis, its association with risk factors, disease severity and thromboembolic complications. | 2017 | 28540196 |
| the absence of interferon-β promotor stimulator-1 (ips-1) predisposes to bronchiolitis and asthma-like pathology in response to pneumoviral infection in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality and a risk factor for subsequent asthma. we showed previously that toll-like receptor (tlr)7 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) is critical for protection against bronchiolitis and asthma in mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), the mouse homolog of rsv. this lack of redundancy was unexpected as interferon-β promotor stimulator-1 (ips-1) signalling, downstream of rig-i-like receptor ... | 2017 | 28539639 |
| improved prefusion stability, optimized codon usage, and augmented virion packaging enhance the immunogenicity of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein in a vectored-vaccine candidate. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral agent of severe pediatric respiratory tract disease worldwide, but it lacks a licensed vaccine or suitable antiviral drug. a live attenuated chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rb/hpiv3) was developed previously as a vector expressing rsv fusion (f) protein to confer bivalent protection against rsv and hpiv3. in a previous clinical trial in virus-naive children, rb/hpiv3 was well tolerated but the immunogenicity of wild- ... | 2017 | 28539444 |
| discovery of a prefusion respiratory syncytial virus f-specific monoclonal antibody that provides greater in vivo protection than the murine precursor of palivizumab. | palivizumab, a humanized murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes antigenic site ii on both the prefusion (pre-f) and postfusion (post-f) conformations of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f glycoprotein, is the only prophylactic agent approved for use for the treatment of rsv infection. however, its relatively low neutralizing potency and high cost have limited its use to a restricted population of infants at high risk of severe disease. previously, we isolated a high-potency neutralizing ... | 2017 | 28539438 |
| airway t cells protect against rsv infection in the absence of antibody. | tissue resident memory t (trm) cells act as sentinels and early responders to infection. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific trm cells have been detected in the lungs after human rsv infection, but whether they have a protective role is unknown. to dissect the protective function of trm cells, balb/c mice were infected with rsv; infected mice developed antigen-specific cd8(+) trm cells (cd103(+)/cd69(+)) in the lungs and airways. intranasally transferring cells from the airways of previou ... | 2017 | 28537249 |
| risk of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first and second years of life in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. | | 2017 | 28536747 |
| macrophages produce il-33 by activating mapk signaling pathway during rsv infection. | it has been reported that rsv infection can enhance il-33 production in lung macrophages. however, little is known about specific signaling pathways for activation of macrophages during rsv infection. in the present study, by using real-time rt-pcr as well as western blot assay, it became clear that rsv infection can enhance not only the expression of mrnas for mapk molecules (including p38, jnk1/2, and erk1/2), but also the levels of mapk proteins in lung macrophages as well as raw264.7 cells. ... | 2017 | 28531812 |
| defining the vaccination window for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using age-seroprevalence data for children in kilifi, kenya. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in early life and a target for vaccine prevention. data on the age-prevalence of rsv specific antibodies will inform on optimizing vaccine delivery. | 2017 | 28531224 |
| a single intranasal administration of virus-like particle vaccine induces an efficient protection for mice against human respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pediatric pathogen causing acute viral respiratory disease in infants and young children. however, no licensed vaccines are currently available. virus-like particles (vlps) may bring new hope to producing rsv vlp vaccine with high immunogenicity and safety. here, we constructed the recombinants of matrix protein (m) and fusion glycoprotein (f) of rsv, respectively into a replication-deficient first-generation adenoviral vector (fgad), which ... | 2017 | 28529001 |
| frequency of respiratory viruses among patients admitted to 26 intensive care units in seven consecutive winter-spring seasons (2009-2016) in northern italy. | the role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is still debated. the advent of molecular assays has improved the identification of viruses in patients with cap and according to published studies, viruses account for 11-55% of adult cap cases. | 2017 | 28527970 |
| unravelling respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks in buenos aires, argentina: molecular basis of the spatio-temporal transmission. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the main viral cause of hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide. several vaccines against rsv are under research and development, which are about to be approved. we evaluated transmission patterns in different settings to determine age-specific vaccination targets from a viral perspective. we sequenced the g glycoprotein's ectodomain of a constant clinical sampling between two epidemic outbreaks in a limited geogra ... | 2017 | 28527341 |
| infection-mediated asthma: etiology, mechanisms and treatment options, with focus on chlamydia pneumoniae and macrolides. | asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness to non-specific bronchoconstriction agonists as the primary underlying pathophysiology. the worldwide incidence of asthma has increased dramatically in the last 40 years. according to world health organization (who) estimates, over 300 million children and adults worldwide currently suffer from this incurable disease and 255,000 die from the disease each year. it is now well acce ... | 2017 | 28526018 |
| passive and active immunization against respiratory syncytial virus for the young and old. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide and also causes significant disease in the elderly. despite 60 years of rsv research and vaccine development, there is only one approved medicine to prevent rsv infections. palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody (mab) against the rsv fusion (f) protein, is indicated for preterm infants and children at high-risk for rsv infections. it is an active time in rsv vaccine and mab development w ... | 2017 | 28525961 |
| vaccine development for respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important and ubiquitous respiratory pathogen for which no vaccine is available notwithstanding more than 50 years of effort. it causes the most severe disease at the extremes of age and in settings of immunodeficiency. although rsv is susceptible to neutralizing antibody, it has evolved multiple mechanisms of immune evasion allowing it to repeatedly infect people despite relatively little genetic diversity. recent breakthroughs in determining the structur ... | 2017 | 28525878 |
| unexpected infection spikes in a model of respiratory syncytial virus vaccination. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an acute respiratory infection that infects millions of children and infants worldwide. recent research has shown promise for the development of a vaccine, with a range of vaccine types now in clinical trials or preclinical development. we extend an existing mathematical model with seasonal transmission to include vaccination. we model vaccination both as a continuous process, applying the vaccine during pregnancy, and as a discrete one, using impulsive diffe ... | 2017 | 28524109 |
| rapid tests for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and other respiratory viruses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infections contributes to patient care. this systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of rapid tests for the detection of respiratory viruses. we searched medline and embase for studies evaluating these tests against pcr as reference standard. 179 studies were included of which 134 evaluated rapid tests for influenza viruses, 32 for rsv, and 13 for other respiratory viruses. we used the bivariate random effects model for quantitative meta-analysis ... | 2017 | 28520858 |
| changing diagnosis coding routines may confound the results of longitudinal childhood pneumonia studies. | this swedish study compared the discharge diagnosis codes used for children up to the age of five hospitalised for acute lower respiratory tract infections before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in 2007. | 2017 | 28510985 |
| α-asarone suppresses the proliferation and migration of asmcs through targeting the lncrna-pvt1/mir-203a/e2f3 signal pathway in rsv-infected rats. | asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. α-asarone presents many pharmacological effects and has been demonstrated to be useful in treating asthma. however, the functional mechanism of α-asarone in rsv-infected asthma has not been investigated. long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) have been reported to play critical roles in many biological processes. although m ... | 2017 | 28510638 |
| real-life comparison of three general paediatric wards showed similar outcomes for children with bronchiolitis despite different treatment regimens. | this study evaluated the effectiveness of three different treatments for bronchiolitis in a tertiary paediatric facility. | 2017 | 28510350 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis in infants with cystic fibrosis does not delay first isolation of pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections may worsen cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease and favor pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) or staphylococcus aureus (sa) acquisition, which is of particular importance in the youngest patients. we aimed to determine the effectiveness of pvz on microbiological outcomes in young children with cf. we conducted a retrospective case-control study to compare these outcomes in children who systematically received pvz (pvz+; n = 40) or not (pvz-; n = 140). one case w ... | 2017 | 28508992 |
| bac-based recovery of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an enveloped, nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus, which causes lower respiratory tract infections and is a leading cause of mortality in young infants. there is no available rsv vaccine and currently administered prophylactic antibodies are limited to high-risk populations. current efforts to develop vaccines include development of live-attenuated rsv candidates. we describe here methods for preparation and recovery of recombinant rsv using an efficient b ... | 2017 | 28508217 |
| heliox delivered by high flow nasal cannula improves oxygenation in infants with respiratory syncytial virus acute bronchiolitis. | the objective of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that use of heliox would result in improvement of gas exchange when used with high flow nasal cannula in infants with rsv acute bronchiolitis. | 2017 | 28506664 |
| grape seed proanthocyanidin inhibits mucin synthesis and viral replication by suppression of ap-1 and nf-κb via p38 mapks/jnk signaling pathways in respiratory syncytial virus-infected a549 cells. | airway epithelial cells are often infected by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), one of the most common causes of asthma, bronchiolitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia. during the infection process, excessive mucins instigate airway inflammation. however, the mechanism underlying rsv-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation is poorly understood. furthermore, no reliable vaccines or drugs for antiviral therapy are available. in this study, the effect of the natur ... | 2017 | 28502165 |
| ongoing developments in rsv prophylaxis: a clinician's analysis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infants and young children worldwide. lower respiratory tract infection due to rsv is one of the most common causes of hospitalization for infants, especially those born premature or with chronic lung or heart disease. furthermore, rsv infection is an important cause of morbidity in adults, particularly in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. the acute phase of this infection is often followed by episodes of w ... | 2017 | 28500974 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection accelerates lung fibrosis through the unfolded protein response in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis animal model. | emerging evidence has demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum stress (er) is involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. viral infection often triggers a hyperinflammatory response by an expansion of the er. the present study was designed to observe the role of respiratory syncytial virus infection (rsv)‑induced er stress on lung fibrosis. in order to determine the role of er stress on the onset and progression of pulmonary fi ... | 2017 | 28498407 |
| comparison of interferon and bovine herpesvirus-1-specific iga levels in nasal secretions of dairy cattle administered an intranasal modified live viral vaccine prior to calving or on the day of calving. | thirty-two holstein cows were allocated to receive intranasal vaccination with modified live bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi3v) vaccine either two weeks prior to their projected calving date, or within 24h after calving. nasal secretions were collected twice at a 12-h interval on the day prior to vaccination (day 0) and at 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14days post vaccination to measure interferon (ifn) alpha, ifn-beta, ifn-gamma, and ... | 2017 | 28494927 |
| complete heart block complicating the acute phase of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus is the most common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infection in infants. in recent years, the importance of extrapulmonary complications and longterm sequelae including those involving the cardiovascular system has become apparent. we report on a 10 month old infant with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, the acute phase of which was complicated by irreversible complete heart block, which was managed conservatively. | 2017 | 28486756 |
| comparison of first year of life acute otitis media admissions before and after the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | acute otitis media (aom) is a common childhood infection, which is usually managed in the outpatient setting. yet, the more severe cases are referred for inpatient treatment. we hypothesized that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs), administered during the first year of life, would decrease aom admissions rate in this age group. we studied the characteristics of infants admitted with aom and acute mastoiditis (am) in the pcv13 era, routinely given from november 2010 to all infants. | 2017 | 28483246 |
| ifnγ influences epithelial anti-viral responses via histone methylation of the rig-i promoter. | the asthmatic lung is prone to respiratory viral infections that exacerbate the symptoms of the underlying disease. recent work has suggested that a deficient th1 response in early life may lead to these aberrant anti-viral responses. we investigated whether the inflammatory environment of the airway epithelium could modulate anti-viral gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms, in order to study the development of a long-term dysregulation of innate responses, which are a hallmark of asthma. we ... | 2017 | 28481620 |
| acute viral bronchiolitis in infants (review). | bronchiolitis is a common condition in children less than 2 years of age and is a leading cause of infant hospitalization. acute bronchiolitis is characterized by acute wheezing in infants or children and is associated with signs or symptoms of respiratory infection; the most common etiologic agent is respiratory syncytial virus. there is a lack of consensus regarding the clinical definition of acute viral bronchiolitis in children and hence the management varies across the globe. usually it doe ... | 2017 | 28480848 |
| hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus among adults in the united states, 1997-2012. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an established cause of serious lower respiratory disease in children, but the burden in adults is less well studied. | 2017 | 28480262 |
| host dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)-directed cycloguanil analogues endowed with activity against influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. | we have identified a series of 1-aryl-4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydrotriazines, structurally related to the antimalarial drug cycloguanil, as new inhibitors of influenza a and b virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) via targeting of the host dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) enzyme. most analogues proved active against influenza b virus in the low micromolar range, and the best compounds (11, 13, 14 and 16) even reached the sub-micromolar potency of zanamivir (ec50 = 0.060 μm), and markedly exceeded ... | 2017 | 28477572 |
| a multi-laboratory study of diverse rsv neutralization assays indicates feasibility for harmonization with an international standard. | a current barrier to the standardized evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine candidates is the wide variety of virus neutralization assay formats currently in use for assessing immunogenicity. assay formats vary widely in labor intensiveness, duration, and sample throughput. furthermore, the cell lines and virus strains used are not consistent among formats. the purpose of this multi-laboratory study was to assess the variability across a diverse array of assay formats that quan ... | 2017 | 28476625 |
| nasopharyngeal aspirate & blood cytokine profile in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a pilot study from south india. | following a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, only some infants develop serious illness, and a proportion of them develop recurrent wheeze subsequently. studies have revealed that cytokine expression following rsv infection may influence the severity and also the risk for subsequent reactive airway disease. this present study was conducted to determine the blood, and nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) cytokine profile among infants admitted for rsv bronchiolitis. | 2016 | 28474631 |
| thymic stromal lymphopoietin, il-33, and periostin in hospitalized infants with viral bronchiolitis. | much attention has recently been focused on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp), il-33, and periostin in allergic disease, but less is known about their role in viral bronchiolitis.the aim of the study was to investigate whether infants exhibit enhanced nasal airway secretion of tslp, il-33, and periostin during natural respiratory viral bronchiolitis compared to healthy controls.in total, 213 infants < 2 years of age, hospitalized with bronchiolitis from october/2013 to april/2016 were enrolled ... | 2017 | 28471975 |
| upper respiratory tract infection among dialysis patients. | upper respiratory tract infection (urti) occurs frequently in the general population and is considered a benign self-limited disease. dialysis patients constitute a high risk population whose morbidity and mortality rate as a result of urti is unknown. | 2016 | 28471606 |
| etiology and clinical features of viral bronchiolitis in infancy. | bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. the aim of this review is to present the clinical profile of viral bronchiolitis, the different culprit viruses and the disease severity in relation to the viral etiology. | 2017 | 28470580 |
| a highly potent extended half-life antibody as a potential rsv vaccine surrogate for all infants. | prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) illness in all infants is a major public health priority. however, no vaccine is currently available to protect this vulnerable population. palivizumab, the only approved agent for rsv prophylaxis, is limited to high-risk infants, and the cost associated with the requirement for dosing throughout the rsv season makes its use impractical for all infants. we describe the development of a monoclonal antibody as potential rsv prophylaxis for all infant ... | 2017 | 28469033 |
| antibody-induced internalization of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections remain a major cause of respiratory disease and hospitalizations among infants. infection recurs frequently and establishes a weak and short-lived immunity. to date, rsv immunoprophylaxis and vaccine research is mainly focused on the rsv fusion (f) protein, but a vaccine remains elusive. the rsv f protein is a highly conserved surface glycoprotein and is the main target of neutralizing antibodies induced by natural infection. here, we analyzed an inte ... | 2017 | 28468888 |
| prevalence of non-influenza respiratory viruses in acute respiratory infection cases in mexico. | acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. although a viral aetiological agent is estimated to be involved in up to 80% of cases, the majority of these agents have never been specifically identified. since 2009, diagnostic and surveillance efforts for influenza virus have been applied worldwide. however, insufficient epidemiological information is available for the many other respiratory viruses that can cause acute respiratory infections. | 2017 | 28467515 |
| evidence of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza-3 virus in mexican sheep. | this is a first report in mexico of the presence of antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza-3 virus in mexican sheep in different productive stages. we determine the association of serological positivity with age and production system, and obtain molecular evidence of infection by both virus. rsv prevalence in adult sheep was 47% (49/105) at the tropic and 64% (63/99) at the uplands. a significant difference in rsv seropositivity between animals from the tropic and ... | 2017 | 28466061 |
| genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial virus group b in panama reveals a novel genotype ba14. | in panama, human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is responsible of 20-40% of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years old. currently, little is known about the genetic variability of hrsv in central america and the caribbean. recently, we reported the genetic variability of hrsv-a, however; no studies on hrsv-b in panama have been described yet. in this study, 24 sequences of panamanian hrsv-b, from children (<5 years) with acute respiratory infections (ari), collected from july ... | 2017 | 28464479 |
| genetic characterization respiratory syncytial virus in kerala, the southern part of india. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) in infants and young children globally. rsv presents two antigenic groups rsv- a and b. genetic variability is also very high within each group. rsv circulation varies year to year and even varies among different regions. data on circulatory pattern of rsv are available from other parts of india except kerala. the aim of the study was to generate data about groups and genotypes of circulatin ... | 2017 | 28464224 |
| molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus detected from central india. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the major cause of respiratory tract infection in both children and adults, virtually all children acquire infection with hrsv by the age of 3 years. two subgroups of the virus, hrsv-a and hrsv-b based on sequence variability of g protein gene are divided into 11 and 17 genotypes, respectively. very limited data regarding circulating genotypes is available from india. this study aimed to detect and characterize the circulating genotype of hrsv from cen ... | 2017 | 28460417 |
| transmission patterns and evolution of respiratory syncytial virus in a community outbreak identified by genomic analysis. | detailed information on the source, spread and evolution of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during seasonal community outbreaks remains sparse. molecular analyses of attachment (g) gene sequences from hospitalized cases suggest that multiple genotypes and variants co-circulate during epidemics and that rsv persistence over successive seasons is characterized by replacement and multiple new introductions of variants. no studies have defined the patterns of introduction, spread and evolution of ... | 2017 | 28458916 |
| global epidemiology of non-influenza rna respiratory viruses: data gaps and a growing need for surveillance. | together with influenza, the non-influenza rna respiratory viruses (nirvs), which include respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, coronavirus, rhinovirus, and human metapneumovirus, represent a considerable global health burden, as recognised by who's battle against respiratory viruses initiative. by contrast with influenza viruses, little is known about the contemporaneous global diversity of these viruses, and the relevance of such for development of pharmaceutical interventions. a ... | 2017 | 28457597 |
| cost-effectiveness of palivizumab compared to no prophylaxis in term infants residing in the canadian arctic. | hospital admissions for respiratory syncytial virus infection result in large health expenditures for inuit infants. palivizumab has been shown to be highly effective in reducing such admissions in preterm inuit infants. we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis estimating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (icer) for palivizumab prophylaxis per admission related to respiratory syncytial virus avoided in healthy term infants across the canadian arctic. | 2017 | 28443266 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-neutralizing serum antibody titers in infants following palivizumab prophylaxis with an abbreviated dosing regimen. | monthly injections of palivizumab during the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) season in at-risk infants reduces rsv-associated hospitalizations. however, the additive effect of naturally acquired immunity remains unclear. the objective of this study was to assess total neutralizing serum antibodies (nab) against rsv in at-risk infants who had received an abbreviated course of palivizumab prophylaxis. | 2017 | 28437470 |
| infective respiratory syncytial virus is present in human cord blood samples and most prevalent during winter months. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease amongst infants, and continues to cause annual epidemics of respiratory disease every winter worldwide. demonstrating placental transmission of viable rsv in human samples is a major paradigm shift in respiratory routes considered likely for rsv transmission. | 2017 | 28437435 |
| a three-dimensional model of human lung development and disease from pluripotent stem cells. | recapitulation of lung development from human pluripotent stem cells (hpscs) in three dimensions (3d) would allow deeper insight into human development, as well as the development of innovative strategies for disease modelling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. we report here the generation from hpscs of lung bud organoids (lbos) that contain mesoderm and pulmonary endoderm and develop into branching airway and early alveolar structures after xenotransplantation and in matrigel 3d cultur ... | 2017 | 28436965 |
| pulmonary function and outcomes in infants randomized to a rescue course of antenatal steroids. | our objective was to obtain follow-up pulmonary function testing and assessment of clinical respiratory outcomes, at 1-2 years, in preterm infants whose mothers were randomized to a single rescue course of antenatal steroids (as) versus placebo. | 2017 | 28436580 |
| watsonianone a from rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruit attenuates respiratory-syncytial-virus-induced inflammation in vitro. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most common respiratory pathogens. immoderate inflammation plays a great role in causing rsv-induced diseases. in the present study, watsonianone a, isolated from the fruit of rhodomyrtus tomentosa (ait.) hassk, was found to show a good inhibitory effect on rsv-induced no production, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 37.2 ± 1.6 μm. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses indic ... | 2017 | 28436225 |
| maternal immunisation: collaborating with mother nature. | maternal immunisation has the potential to substantially reduce morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases after birth. the success of tetanus, influenza, and pertussis immunisation during pregnancy has led to consideration of additional maternal immunisation strategies to prevent group b streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus infections, among others. however, many gaps in knowledge regarding the immunobiology of maternal immunisation prevent the optimal design and application of t ... | 2017 | 28433705 |
| group b streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus immunisation during pregnancy: a landscape analysis. | group b streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus are leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. no licensed vaccines are available for either disease, but vaccines for both are under development. severe respiratory syncytial virus disease can be prevented by passively administered antibody. the presence of maternal igg antibody specific to respiratory syncytial virus is associated with reduced prevalence and severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease in the first few w ... | 2017 | 28433702 |
| type 2 bvdv n(pro) suppresses ifn-1 pathway signaling in bovine cells and augments brsv replication. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection induces immunosuppression and in conjunction with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) contributes to the bovine respiratory disease complex. bovine turbinate cells were single or co-infected with type 2 bvdv wild-type (bvdv2-wt), its dysfunctional n(pro) mutant (bvdv2-e), and/or brsv. bvdv2-e significantly up-regulated pkr, irf-7, tbk-1, irf-3, and ifn-β mrnas based on real-time q-rt-pcr. brsv-infected cells expressed significantly up-regulated ... | 2017 | 28432927 |
| respiratory virus detection during hospitalisation for lower respiratory tract infection in children under 2 years in south auckland, new zealand. | to describe respiratory virus detection in children under 2 years of age in a population admitted with lower respiratory infection and to assess correlation with measures of severity. | 2017 | 28430397 |
| tomentodione e, a new sec-pentyl syncarpic acid-based meroterpenoid from the leaves of rhodomyrtus tomentosa. | a new meroterpenoid, tomentodione e (1), along with four known ones (2-5) were isolated from the leaves of rhodomyrtus tomentosa. their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data as well as computational methods. compound 1 represents the first example of meroterpenoid possessing a sec-pentyl syncarpic acid motif coupled with a caryophyllene. compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with cytopathic effect ( ... | 2017 | 28429610 |
| update in the treatment of non-influenza respiratory virus infection in solid organ transplant recipients. | despite the improved outcomes in solid organ transplantation with regard to prevention of rejection and increased patient and graft survival, infection remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality. respiratory viruses are a frequent and potentially serious cause of infection after solid organ transplantation. furthermore, clinical manifestations of respiratory virus infection (rvi) may be more severe and unusual in solid organ transplant recipients (sotrs) compared with the non-immunocompro ... | 2017 | 28425766 |
| febrile status epilepticus due to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | febrile status epilepticus can have neurological sequelae. the type of sequelae, however, depend on the etiology, including infection due to viral agents such as the influenza virus. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in childhood may also contribute to this. the aim of this study was therefore to characterize febrile status epilepticus associated with rsv infection, and to determine whether this type of infection is a risk factor for neurological sequelae in febrile status epilepticus. | 2017 | 28423465 |
| systematic review of the safety and efficacy of palivizumab among infants and young children with cystic fibrosis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common pathogen in infants with cystic fibrosis (cf). the use of palivizumab prophylaxis for rsv infection as the standard of care for infants with cf remains controversial. | 2017 | 28423192 |
| persistence in temporary lung niches: a survival strategy of lung-resident memory cd8(+) t cells. | respiratory virus infections, such as those mediated by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), rhinovirus, and adenovirus, are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in children and older adults. furthermore, the potential emergence of highly pathogenic strains of influenza virus poses a significant public health threat. thus, the development of vaccines capable of eliciting long- ... | 2017 | 28418771 |
| sequence variability of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion gene among contemporary and historical genotypes of rsv/a and rsv/b. | the fusion (f) protein of rsv is the major vaccine target. this protein undergoes a conformational change from pre-fusion to post-fusion. both conformations share antigenic sites ii and iv. pre-fusion f has unique antigenic sites p27, ø, α2α3β3β4, and mpe8; whereas, post-fusion f has unique antigenic site i. our objective was to determine the antigenic variability for rsv/a and rsv/b isolates from contemporary and historical genotypes compared to a historical rsv/a strain. | 2017 | 28414749 |
| molecular evolution of the fusion protein (f) gene in human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup b. | in this study, we examined the molecular evolution of the fusion protein (f) gene in human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup b (hrsv-b). first, we performed time-scale evolution analyses using the bayesian markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) method. next, we performed genetic distance, linear b-cell epitope prediction, n-glycosylation, positive/negative selection site, and bayesian skyline plot analyses. we also constructed a structural model of the f protein and mapped the amino acid substitutio ... | 2017 | 28414106 |
| the burden of seasonal respiratory infections on a national telehealth service in england. | seasonal respiratory illnesses present a major burden on primary care services. we assessed the burden of respiratory illness on a national telehealth system in england and investigated the potential for providing early warning of respiratory infection. we compared weekly laboratory reports for respiratory pathogens with telehealth calls (nhs 111) between week 40 in 2013 and week 29 in 2015. multiple linear regression was used to identify which pathogens had a significant association with respir ... | 2017 | 28413995 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein (rsv f) nanoparticle vaccine in older adults. | a preventative strategy for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection constitutes an under-recognized unmet medical need among older adults. four formulations of a novel recombinant rsv f nanoparticle vaccine (60 or 90 μg rsv f protein, with or without aluminum phosphate adjuvant) administered concurrently with a licensed inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (tiv) in older adult subjects were evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in this randomized, observer-blinded study. | 2017 | 28413427 |
| development of an intradermal dna vaccine delivery strategy to achieve single-dose immunity against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a massive medical burden in infants, children and the elderly worldwide, and an effective, safe rsv vaccine remains an unmet need. here we assess a novel vaccination strategy based on the intradermal delivery of a syncon® dna-based vaccine encoding engineered rsv-f antigen using a surface electroporation device (sep) to target epidermal cells, in clinically relevant experimental models. we demonstrate the ability of this strategy to elicit robust immune respo ... | 2017 | 28413132 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates in the dutch population from 2003 to 2014: the test-negative design case-control study with different control groups. | information about influenza vaccine effectiveness (ive) is important for vaccine strain selection and immunization policy decisions. the test-negative design (tnd) case-control study is commonly used to obtain ive estimates. however, the definition of the control patients may influence ive estimates. we have conducted a tnd study using the dutch sentinel practices of nivel primary care database which includes data from patients who consulted the general practitioner (gp) for an episode of acute ... | 2017 | 28412077 |
| cd4(+) t cells support establishment of rsv-specific igg and iga antibody secreting cells in the upper and lower murine respiratory tract following rsv infection. | the rsv vaccine field suffered a major set-back when children were vaccinated with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine (fi-rsv). unexpectedly, the vaccinated children fared worse than unvaccinated children when they were naturally infected with rsv. mouse models were then developed that implicated the cd4(+) t helper cell population as a contributor to adverse events. today, the t cell is viewed with much caution in the rsv field, and its induction by vaccination is sometimes discouraged. here we ... | 2017 | 28410812 |
| characterization of pre-f-gcn4t, a modified human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein stabilized in a noncleaved prefusion conformation. | the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) fusion (f) protein is considered a major target of the neutralizing antibody response to hrsv. this glycoprotein undergoes a major structural shift from the prefusion (pre-f) to the postfusion (post-f) state at the time of virus-host cell membrane fusion. recent evidences suggest that the pre-f state is a superior target for neutralizing antibodies compared to the post-f state. therefore, for vaccine purposes, we have designed and characterized a reco ... | 2017 | 28404847 |
| comparing first- and second-year palivizumab prophylaxis in patients with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease in the caress database (2005-2015). | respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization (rsvh) rates in children <2 years of age with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (hschd) are 2- to 4-fold higher compared with healthy term infants. pediatric recommendations differ as to whether palivizumab is beneficial beyond 1 year of age. the objective of this study was to determine whether differences exist in respiratory-related illness hospitalization (rih) and rsvh in hschd infants receiving palivizumab during the first year ... | 2017 | 28403044 |
| maternal immunization. | pregnant women, neonates, and infants are at higher risk for severe infections due to vaccine-preventable diseases. very young infants rarely respond well to vaccination due to poor immunogenicity and interference from maternal antibody. maternal immunization protects the mother and fetus from disease and protects the infant through transplacental antibody transfer through the first 6 months of life. currently, immunizations routinely recommended during pregnancy include inactivated influenza, t ... | 2017 | 28398678 |
| a clinical companion to the nice guide on bronchiolitis. | the national institute for health and care excellence (nice) ( 2015 ) defines bronchiolitis as a lower respiratory tract infection affecting children under two years, peaking between three and six months. it affects about one in three infants in the first year of life, making it the most common respiratory infection in infants ( nice 2015 , 2016 ). of these infants, 2-3% will require admission to hospital ( nice 2016 ). respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common organism detected in th ... | 2017 | 28395629 |
| prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids and prevalence of infectious diseases up to 4years of age. | perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) are synthetic chemicals with ability to repel oils and water, and have been widely used in many industrial and household applications such as adhesives and water- and stain-repellent surfaces to nonstick coatings. animal studies have shown that pfaas have immunotoxic effects. however, few epidemiological studies have investigated the effects of pfaas on infectious diseases occurrence. we examined the relationship between prenatal exposure to pfaas and prevalence of i ... | 2017 | 28392064 |
| efficacy of palivizumab prophylaxis on the frequency of rsv-associated lower respiratory tract infections in preterm infants: determination of the ideal target population for prophylaxis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis in high-risk infants is an effective intervention for the prevention of severe disease. the aim of this study was to determine the ideal target preterm population that might benefit from palivizumab prophylaxis by establishing the main risk factors for acute rsv-related infections. former premature infants born with a gestational age ≤37 weeks and ≤1 year of age at the beginning of the rsv season and admitted with respiratory infection were included. ... | 2017 | 28391538 |
| il-4rα on dendritic cells in neonates and th2 immunopathology in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the leading causes of bronchiolitis in children, and severe rsv infection early in life has been associated with asthma development. using a neonatal mouse model, we have shown that down-regulation of il-4 receptor α (il-4rα) with antisense oligonucleotides in the lung during neonatal infection protected from rsv immunopathophysiology. significant down-regulation of il-4rα was observed on pulmonary cd11b(+) myeloid dendritic cells (mdcs) suggesting a r ... | 2017 | 28389622 |
| universal vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus a and b subtypes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, young children, and the elderly. two subtypes of rsv, a and b, circulate alternately at 1-2-year intervals during epidemics. the attachment glycoprotein (g protein) of rsv is one of the major targets for immune responses. in this study, we generated a recombinant fusion protein, gcfab, which consists of the central regions (a.a. residues 131-230) of the g proteins of both rsv a (a2 strain) a ... | 2017 | 28384263 |
| clinical profiles of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes a and b among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. | in this analysis of a prospective, multicenter study of children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, 925 had respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-a and 649 had rsv-b. overall, bronchiolitis severity did not differ by rsv subtype. however, among children with rsv-only bronchiolitis, those children with rsv-a had higher risk of intensive care treatment (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.71; p = 0.048) when compared with those having rsv-b. | 2017 | 28383391 |
| the impact of the interferon/tnf-related apoptosis-inducing ligand signaling axis on disease progression in respiratory viral infection and beyond. | interferons (ifns) are well described to be rapidly induced upon pathogen-associated pattern recognition. after binding to their respective ifn receptors and activation of the cellular jak/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling cascade, they stimulate the transcription of a plethora of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) in infected as well as bystander cells such as the non-infected epithelium and cells of the immune system. isgs may directly act on the invading pathogen or can eith ... | 2017 | 28382038 |