| epidemiological and genetic characteristics associated with the severity of acute viral bronchiolitis by respiratory syncytial virus. | to assess the epidemiological and genetic factors associated with severity of acute viral bronchiolitis (avb) by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2013 | 24035870 |
| genetic replacement of surfactant protein-c reduces respiratory syncytial virus induced lung injury. | individuals with deficiencies of pulmonary surfactant protein c (sp-c) develop interstitial lung disease (ild) that is exacerbated by viral infections including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). sp-c gene targeted mice (sftpc -/-) lack sp-c, develop an ild-like disease and are susceptible to infection with rsv. | 2013 | 23399055 |
| etiological diagnosis reduces the use of antibiotics in infants with bronchiolitis. | acute bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalization and is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus. etiological tests are not required for its diagnosis, but the influence of viral screening on the therapeutic approach for acute bronchiolitis remains unclear. | 2012 | 23018294 |
| respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in neonatal intensive care unit: impact of infection control measures plus palivizumab use. | the occurrence of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) is related to unfavorable outcomes, as this infection can lead to respiratory distress and death in premature in infants. report the successful control of an outbreak that occurred in april 2010 in a nicu. | 2012 | 22958306 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection increases regulated on activation normal t cell expressed and secreted and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 levels in serum of patients with asthma and in human monocyte cultures. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated to episodic exacerbations of asthma involving alveolar macrophages and chemokine production. | 2012 | 22541401 |
| chest physical therapy is effective in reducing the clinical score in bronchiolitis: randomized controlled trial. | to evaluate the effectiveness of chest physical therapy (cp) in reducing the clinical score in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis (avb). | 2012 | 22499404 |
| respiratory syncytial virus potentiates abca3 mutation-induced loss of lung epithelial cell differentiation. | atp-binding cassette transporter a3 (abca3) is a lipid transporter active in lung alveolar epithelial type ii cells (atii) and is essential for their function as surfactant-producing cells. abca3 mutational defects cause respiratory distress in newborns and interstitial lung disease (ild) in children. the molecular pathomechanisms are largely unknown; however, viral infections may initiate or aggravate ilds. here, we investigated the impact of the clinically relevant abca3 mutations, p.q215k and ... | 2012 | 22434821 |
| respiratory syncytial virus, infants and intensive therapy. | the aims of this study were to determine the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and to assess the clinical features of the disease in infants with acute low respiratory tract infection hospitalized at pediatric intensive care units (picu) of two university teaching hospitals in são paulo state, brazil. nasopharyngeal secretions were tested for the rsv by the polymerase chain reaction. positive and negative groups for the virus were compared in terms of evolution under intensive care ( ... | 2017 | 22358363 |
| prevalence of upper respiratory tract infections at a tertiary care hospital in the city of são paulo. | to evaluate the prevalence of pathogens in the upper respiratory tract according to age at a tertiary care hospital in the city of são paulo. | 2010 | 26760003 |
| cholesterol is required for stability and infectivity of influenza a and respiratory syncytial viruses. | cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains in the plasma membrane are considered to play a major role in the enveloped virus lifecycle. however, the functional role of cholesterol in assembly, infectivity and stability of respiratory rna viruses is not fully understood. we previously reported that depletion of cellular cholesterol by cholesterol-reducing agents decreased production of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) particles by inhibiting virus assembly. in this study, we analyzed the ro ... | 2017 | 28750327 |
| mammalian diaphanous-related formin-1 restricts early phases of influenza a/nws/33 virus (h1n1) infection in llc-mk2 cells by affecting cytoskeleton dynamics. | viruses depend on cellular machinery to efficiently replicate. the host cytoskeleton is one of the first cellular systems hijacked by viruses in order to ensure their intracellular transport and promote the development of infection. our previous results demonstrated that stable microfilaments and microtubules interfered with human influenza a/nws/33 virus (h1n1) infection in semi-permissive llc-mk2 cells. although formins play a key role in cytoskeletal remodelling, few studies addressed a possi ... | 2017 | 28744815 |
| mirna-200c-3p is crucial in acute respiratory distress syndrome. | influenza infection and pneumonia are known to cause much of their mortality by inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), which is the most severe form of acute lung injury (ali). angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), which is a negative regulator of angiotensin ii in the renin-angiotensin system, has been reported to have a crucial role in ali. downregulation of ace2 is always associated with the ali or ards induced by avian influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona ... | 2017 | 28690868 |
| inhibition of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus by a peptide derived from vflip through its direct destabilization of viruses. | the antiviral activities of synthesized kα2-helix peptide, which was derived from the viral flice-like inhibitor protein (vflip) of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), against influenza a virus (iav) were investigated in vitro and in vivo, and mechanisms of action were suggested. in addition to the robust autophagy activity of the kα2-helix peptide, the present study showed that treatment with the kα2 peptide fused with the tat peptide significantly inhibited iav replication and tran ... | 2017 | 28687749 |
| broad-spectrum inhibition of common respiratory rna viruses by a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor with involvement of the host antiviral response. | our previous screening of 50 240 structurally diverse compounds led to the identification of 39 influenza a virus infection inhibitors (kao r.y., yang d., lau l.s., tsui w.h., hu l. et al. nat biotechnol 2010;28:600-605). further screening of these compounds against common respiratory viruses led to the discovery of compound fa-613. this inhibitor exhibited low micromolar antiviral activity against various influenza a and b virus strains, including the highly pathogenic influenza a strains h5n1 ... | 2017 | 28555543 |
| multicenter clinical evaluation of the luminex aries flu a/b & rsv assay for pediatric and adult respiratory tract specimens. | influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are three common viruses implicated in seasonal respiratory tract infections and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children worldwide. in recent years, an increasing number of commercial molecular tests have become available to diagnose respiratory viral infections. the luminex aries flu a/b & rsv assay is a fully automated sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic assay for the detection of influenza a, influen ... | 2017 | 28539342 |
| respiratory viral infections are underdiagnosed in patients with suspected sepsis. | the study aim was to investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of viral findings by multiplex pcr from the nasopharynx of clinically septic patients during a winter season. during 11 weeks of the influenza epidemic period in january-march 2012, consecutive adult patients suspected to be septic (n = 432) were analyzed with cultures from blood and nasopharynx plus multiplex pcr for respiratory viruses on the nasopharyngeal specimen. the results were compared with those from microbiology an ... | 2017 | 28516200 |
| inflammatory responses regulating alveolar ion transport during pulmonary infections. | the respiratory epithelium is lined by a tightly balanced fluid layer that allows normal o2 and co2 exchange and maintains surface tension and host defense. to maintain alveolar fluid homeostasis, both the integrity of the alveolar-capillary barrier and the expression of epithelial ion channels and pumps are necessary to establish a vectorial ion gradient. however, during pulmonary infection, auto- and/or paracrine-acting mediators induce pathophysiological changes of the alveolar-capillary barr ... | 2017 | 28458673 |
| a metagenomics study for the identification of respiratory viruses in mixed clinical specimens: an application of the iterative mapping approach. | metagenomic approaches to detect viral genomes and variants in clinical samples have various challenges, including low viral titers and bacterial and human genome contamination. to address these limitations, we examined a next-generation sequencing (ngs) and iterative mapping approach for virus detection in clinical samples. we analyzed 40 clinical specimens from hospitalized children diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis, croup, or respiratory tract infections in which virus identification by vira ... | 2017 | 28424887 |
| antiviral activity of chlorogenic acid against influenza a (h1n1/h3n2) virus and its inhibition of neuraminidase. | lonicera japonica thunb, rich in chlorogenic acid (cha), is used for viral upper respiratory tract infection treatment caused by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus, ect in china. it was reported that cha reduced serum hepatitis b virus level and death rate of influenza virus-infected mice. however, the underlying mechanisms of cha against the influenza a virus have not been fully elucidated. here, the antiviral effects and potential mechanisms of cha against in ... | 2017 | 28393840 |
| the genetic stability of piv5-vectored rsv vaccine candidates after in vitro and in vivo passage. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading etiologic agent of lower respiratory tract infections in children, but no licensed vaccine exists. previously, our laboratory developed two parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5)-based rsv vaccine candidates that protect mice against rsv challenge. piv5 was engineered to express either the rsv fusion protein (f) or the rsv major attachment glycoprotein (g) between the hn and l genes of the piv5 genome [piv5-rsv-f (hn-l) or piv5-rsv-g (hn-l)]. to inves ... | 2017 | 28747497 |
| parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5) expressing wild-type or pre-fusion respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein protect mice and cotton rats from rsv challenge. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pediatric bronchiolitis and hospitalizations. rsv can also cause severe complications in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. there is no licensed vaccine. we previously generated a piv5-vectored vaccine candidate expressing the rsv fusion protein (f) that was immunogenic and protective in mice. in this work, our goal was to improve the original vaccine candidate by modifying the piv5 vector or by modifying the rsv-f antigen. ... | 2017 | 28747496 |
| respiratory virus infection up-regulates trpv1, trpa1 and asics3 receptors on airway cells. | receptors implicated in cough hypersensitivity are transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (trpv1), transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily a, member 1 (trpa1) and acid sensing ion channel receptor 3 (asic3). respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and measles virus (mv) may interact directly and/or indirectly with these receptors on sensory nerves and epithelial cells in the airways. we used in vitro models of sensory neurones (shsy5y or differentiated imr ... | 2017 | 28187208 |
| experimental animal model for analyzing immunobiological responses following vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus. | formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) vaccine was developed in the 1960s. however, this vaccine does not prevent infection in rsv-naïve recipients and has the paradoxical effect of increasing the severity of rsv illness following natural infection, which has been a major obstacle to developing rsv vaccines. several experimental animal models for determining the cause of the severe symptoms in fi-rsv recipients have been developed. in the present study, cotton rats immunized w ... | 2016 | 26865035 |
| structural virology. near-atomic cryo-em structure of the helical measles virus nucleocapsid. | measles is a highly contagious human disease. we used cryo-electron microscopy and single particle-based helical image analysis to determine the structure of the helical nucleocapsid formed by the folded domain of the measles virus nucleoprotein encapsidating an rna at a resolution of 4.3 angstroms. the resulting pseudoatomic model of the measles virus nucleocapsid offers important insights into the mechanism of the helical polymerization of nucleocapsids of negative-strand rna viruses, in parti ... | 2015 | 25883315 |
| unity in diversity: shared mechanism of entry among paramyxoviruses. | the paramyxoviridae family includes many viruses that are pathogenic in humans, including parainfluenza viruses, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and the emerging zoonotic henipaviruses. no effective treatments are currently available for these viruses, and there is a need for efficient antiviral therapies. paramyxoviruses enter the target cell by binding to a cell surface receptor and then fusing the viral envelope with the target cell membrane, allowing the release of the viral geno ... | 2015 | 25595799 |
| recombinant measles viruses expressing respiratory syncytial virus proteins induced virus-specific ctl responses in cotton rats. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of serious lower respiratory tract illnesses in infants. natural infections with rsv provide limited protection against reinfection because of inefficient immunological responses that do not induce long-term memory. rsv natural infection has been shown to induce unbalanced immune response. the effective clearance of rsv is known to require the induction of a balanced th1/th2 immune response, which involves the induction of cytotoxic t lymphocyt ... | 2014 | 24951869 |
| detecting respiratory viral rna using expanded genetic alphabets and self-avoiding dna. | nucleic acid (na)-targeted tests detect and quantify viral dna and rna (collectively xna) to support epidemiological surveillance and, in individual patients, to guide therapy. they commonly use polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription pcr. although these all have rapid turnaround, they are expensive to run. multiplexing would allow their cost to be spread over multiple targets, but often only with lower sensitivity and accuracy, noise, false positives, and false negatives; thes ... | 2015 | 26299645 |
| oral ribavirin for the treatment of noninfluenza respiratory viral infections: a systematic review. | to review clinical outcomes data for patients treated with oral ribavirin for noninfluenza respiratory viral infections (nirvis). | 2015 | 26228937 |
| human metapneumovirus and other respiratory viral infections during pregnancy and birth, nepal. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a respiratory virus that can cause severe lower respiratory tract disease and even death, primarily in young children. the incidence and characteristics of hmpv have not been well described in pregnant women. as part of a trial of maternal influenza immunization in rural southern nepal, we conducted prospective, longitudinal, home-based active surveillance for febrile respiratory illness during pregnancy through 6 months postpartum. during 2011-2014, hmpv was dete ... | 2017 | 28726613 |
| prolonged viral replication and longitudinal viral dynamic differences among respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infected infants. | longitudinal rsv dynamics have not been well-studied despite existence of factors favoring prolonged rsv replication including: high mutation rates allowing rapid evolution and potential escape from immune control. we therefore measured viral load in previously rsv-naïve infants over prolonged time-spans. | 2017 | 28723886 |
| a critical role of gas6/axl signal in allergic airway responses during rsv vaccine-enhanced disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common virus that causes lower respiratory infections across a wide range of ages. a licensed rsv vaccine is not available because vaccination with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) and the subsequent rsv infection cause not only insufficient induction of neutralizing antibodies but also severe allergic airway responses, termed fi-rsv vaccine enhanced disease (fi-rsv ved). however, the underlying mechanism has not been identified, although a th2-biased immu ... | 2017 | 28722020 |
| burden and seasonality of viral acute respiratory tract infections among outpatients in southern sri lanka. | in tropical and subtropical settings, the epidemiology of viral acute respiratory tract infections varies widely between countries. we determined the etiology, seasonality, and clinical presentation of viral acute respiratory tract infections among outpatients in southern sri lanka. from march 2013 to january 2015, we enrolled outpatients presenting with influenza-like illness (ili). nasal/nasopharyngeal samples were tested in duplicate using antigen-based rapid influenza testing and multiplex p ... | 2017 | 28719323 |
| severity of pneumonia in under 5-year-old children from developing countries: a multicenter, prospective, observational study. | pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children. the objectives were to evaluate the microbiological agents linked with hypoxemia in hospitalized children with pneumonia from developing countries, to identify predictors of hypoxemia, and to characterize factors associated with in-hospital mortality. a multicenter, observational study was conducted in five hospitals, from india (lucknow, vadu), madagascar (antananarivo), mali (bamako), and paraguay (san lorenzo). children aged 2-60 months wit ... | 2017 | 28719310 |
| severe viral respiratory infections in children with ifih1 loss-of-function mutations. | viral respiratory infections are usually mild and self-limiting; still they exceptionally result in life-threatening infections in previously healthy children. to investigate a potential genetic cause, we recruited 120 previously healthy children requiring support in intensive care because of a severe illness caused by a respiratory virus. using exome and transcriptome sequencing, we identified and characterized three rare loss-of-function variants in ifih1, which encodes an rig-i-like receptor ... | 2017 | 28716935 |
| modulation of the transcription factor nf-κb in antigen-presenting cells by bovine respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is an important cause of respiratory disease in young cattle and is closely related to human rsv (hrsv), which causes severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. the rsv genome encodes a small hydrophobic (sh) protein with viroporin activity. previous studies have shown that recombinant brsv lacking the sh gene (rbrsvδsh) is attenuated in the lungs, but not in the upper respiratory tract, of calves and mucosal vaccination with rbrsvδsh induced ... | 2017 | 28714847 |
| emergence of on1 genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a in china between 2011 and 2015. | a molecular epidemiological study of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) was conducted to examine the distribution of its subgroups and genotypes, as well as to identify its transmission pattern in china. a total of 705 samples collected from 9 provinces in china between january 2008 and february 2015 were identified as hrsv-positive and were subsequently sequenced. of these, 336 samples were hrsv subgroup a (hrsva), 368 samples were hrsv subgroup b (hrsvb), and 1 sample contained both hrsv ... | 2017 | 28710393 |
| advances in asthma 2016: designing individualized approaches to management. | in this years advances in asthma review we discuss viral infections in asthma and potential therapeutic agents, the microbiome, novel genetic associations with asthma, air quality and climate effects on asthma, exposures during development and long term sequelae of childhood asthma, patient centered outcome research, and precision medicine. in addition, we discuss application of biomarkers to precision medicine, and new information on asthma medications. new evidence indicates that rhinovirus-tr ... | 2017 | 28709967 |
| effectiveness of palivizumab in high-risk infants and children: a propensity score weighted regression analysis. | infants with premature birth ≤35 weeks gestational age, chronic lung disease of prematurity and congenital heart disease are at an increased risk for lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which has been shown in randomized trials to be prevented by palivizumab. however, palivizumab effectiveness (pe) has not been studied in a large clinical setting. | 2017 | 28709160 |
| identification of two novel functional trna-derived fragments induced in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in children from infancy up to early childhood. recently, we demonstrated that rsv infection alters cellular small non-coding rna (sncrna) expression, most notably the trna-derived rna fragments (trfs). however, the functions of the trfs in virus-host interaction are largely unknown. herein, we examined the role of three rsv-induced trfs derived from the 5-end of mature trnas decoding glyccc, lysct ... | 2017 | 28708049 |
| viral etiology, seasonality and severity of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in the eastern mediterranean region, 2007-2014. | little is known about the role of viral respiratory pathogens in the etiology, seasonality or severity of severe acute respiratory infections (sari) in the eastern mediterranean region. | 2017 | 28704440 |
| costs of hospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus illness among children aged <5 years and the financial impact on households in bangladesh, 2010. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute respiratory illness in young children and results in significant economic burden. there is no vaccine to prevent rsv illness but a number of vaccines are in development. we conducted this study to estimate the costs of severe rsv illness requiring hospitalization among children <5 years and associated financial impact on households in bangladesh. data of this study could be useful for rsv vaccine development and also the value of va ... | 2017 | 28702175 |
| a novel host factor for human respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral cause of severe lower respiratory disease in young children worldwide. as part of a genome-wide sirna screen, we recently discovered that actin-related protein 2 (arp2) is a host factor in the rsv replication cycle. arp2 is a major constituent of the arp2/3 complex, which catalyzes actin polymerization involved in cell morphology and motility. in the course of investigating this finding, we also found that rsv infection of human lung e ... | 2017 | 28702128 |
| nanoparticles increase human bronchial epithelial cell susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus infection via nerve growth factor-induced autophagy. | cytotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects of tio2 nanoparticles (tio2-np) in human airways are mediated by nerve growth factor (ngf), which is also implicated in the pathophysiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we tested the hypothesis that exposure to tio2-np results in increased susceptibility to rsv infection and exacerbation of airway inflammation via ngf-mediated induction of autophagy in lower respiratory tract cells. human primary bronchial epithelial cells were exposed t ... | 2017 | 28701524 |
| an interaction of lps and rsv infection in augmenting the ahr and airway inflammation in mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in children under 5 years of age, especially infants with severe bronchiolitis. our preliminary clinical experiments showed that bacterial colonization was commonly observed in children with virus-induced wheezing, particularly in those with recurrent wheezing, suggesting that bacterial colonization with an accompanying viral infection may contribute to disease severity. in most cases, rsv-in ... | 2017 | 28695368 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of combined epinephrine and corticosteroid therapy for acute bronchiolitis in infants. | objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of combined epinephrine and corticosteroid therapy for acute bronchiolitis in infants. methods: four electronic databases (medline, embase, cinahl, and central) were searched from their inception to february 28, 2017 for studies involving infants aged less than 24 months with bronchiolitis which assessed the use of epinephrine and corticosteroid combination therapy. the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the cochrane collabo ... | 2017 | 28690542 |
| determining the burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease: the known and the unknown. | | 2017 | 28689665 |
| global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. | we have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (alri) resulting in 55 000 to 199 000 deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2005. in the past 5 years, major research activity on rsv has yielded substantial new data from developing countries. with a considerably expanded dataset from a large international collaboration, we aimed to estimate the global incidence, hospital admission rate, ... | 2017 | 28689664 |
| severe respiratory viral infections: new evidence and changing paradigms. | lower respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of death in the united states. advances in diagnostic testing have improved our ability to detect pathogens. viral pathogens are important causal pathogens in immunocompetent patients. as the number of elderly adults and those with chronic medical conditions increases, the burden of viral respiratory infections will increase. clinicians must be familiar with the characteristics of rhinovirus, human adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, an ... | 2017 | 28687214 |
| estimating influenza and respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in western kenya using health and demographic surveillance system data, 2007-2013. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) associated mortality has not been well-established in tropical africa. | 2017 | 28686692 |
| etiology, seasonality, and clinical features of viral respiratory tract infections in children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis: a single-center study. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the viral frequency, seasonality, and clinical and demographic features of patients hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. a cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed in 316 infants younger than 2 years of age who were hospitalized for acute viral bronchiolitis. respiratory tract infection agents were investigated with polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 316 infants were included in this study. of the 316 infants, at least one respiratory ... | 2017 | 28680946 |
| dose selection for an adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus f protein vaccine for older adults based on humoral and cellular immune responses. | this is the second phase 1 study of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine containing rsv fusion protein (sf) adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid a in 2% stable emulsion (gla-se). in this randomized, double-blind study (nct02289820, clinicaltrials.gov), 261 subjects aged ≥60 years received inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv) or a vaccine containing 120 μg sf with escalating doses of gla (1, 2.5, or 5 μg) in se or a vaccine containing 80 μg sf with 2.5 μg gla in se. subjects receiving 120 μ ... | 2017 | 28679495 |
| first report of immunohistochemical detection of peste des petit ruminants, parainfluenza 3 and respiratory syncytial viral antigens in lungs of nigerian goats. | this study determined the of involvement of ppr, pi3 and rs viruses in the pathology of caprine pneumonia across nigeria. 150 goats were selected randomly. pi3 and rsv monoclonal antibodies and ppr polyclonal antibody were used for the immunolocalisation of the antigens. histologically, 61 of the goats had broncho-interstitial pneumonia, 25 had interstitial pneumonia, 42 had bronchopneumonia, 12 had bronchiolitis and 10 were normal. ppr, pi3 and rs viral antigens were demonstrated in: intact and ... | 2017 | 28679075 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in adults with severe acute respiratory illness in a high hiv prevalence setting. | there are limited data on the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) illness in hiv-infected adults or the elderly in africa. we studied the epidemiology of rsv-associated severe acute respiratory illness (sari) hospitalizations in adults in south africa from 2009 through 2013. | 2017 | 28676408 |
| a functional genomics approach to henipavirus research: the role of nuclear proteins, micrornas and immune regulators in infection and disease. | hendra and nipah viruses (family paramyxoviridae, genus henipavirus) are zoonotic rna viruses that cause lethal disease in humans and are designated as biosafety level 4 (bsl4) agents. moreover, henipaviruses belong to the same group of viruses that cause disease more commonly in humans such as measles, mumps and respiratory syncytial virus. due to the relatively recent emergence of the henipaviruses and the practical constraints of performing functional genomics studies at high levels of contai ... | 2017 | 28674944 |
| respiratory viruses detected in mexican children younger than 5 years old with community-acquired pneumonia: a national multicenter study. | acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. pneumonia accounts for 16% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age and was the cause of death of 935000 children in 2015. despite its frequency and severity, information regarding its etiology is limited. the aim of this study was to identify respiratory viruses associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in children younger than 5 years old. | 2017 | 28673837 |
| the central conserved region (ccr) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein modulates host mirna expression and alters the cellular response to infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects respiratory epithelial cells and deregulates host gene expression by many mechanisms including expression of rsv g protein (rsv g). rsv g protein encodes a central conserved region (ccr) containing a cx3c motif that functions as a fractalkine mimic. disruption of the cx3c motif (a.a. 182-186) located in the ccr of the g protein has been shown to affect g protein function in vitro and the severity of rsv disease pathogenesis in vivo. we show that infectio ... | 2017 | 28671606 |
| effects of icariin on asthma mouse model are associated with regulation of prostaglandin d2 level. | we aimed to observe the effect of icariin on an asthma mouse model and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. | 2017 | 28669561 |
| seasonal variations of respiratory viruses detected from children with respiratory tract infections in riyadh, saudi arabia. | artis have a huge impact in health systems in which 20-30% of all hospital admissions and 30-60% of practitioner visits are related to respiratory tract infections. the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, age distribution, and seasonal variation of respiratory viruses. this study was descriptive retrospective study in which all patients 14 years of age and below who presented with signs and symptoms of artis between january 2013 and december 2014 and had respiratory specimen tested ... | 2017 | 28668655 |
| pulmonary immunity to viruses. | mucosal surfaces, such as the respiratory epithelium, are directly exposed to the external environment and therefore, are highly susceptible to viral infection. as a result, the respiratory tract has evolved a variety of innate and adaptive immune defenses in order to prevent viral infection or promote the rapid destruction of infected cells and facilitate the clearance of the infecting virus. successful adaptive immune responses often lead to a functional state of immune memory, in which memory ... | 2017 | 28667071 |
| role of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in asthma exacerbations: where are we now? | since its discovery in 2001, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been identified as an important cause of respiratory tract infection in young children, second only to the closely related respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). clinical evidence suggests that hmpv is associated with acute exacerbations of asthma in both children and adults, and may play a role in initiating asthma development in children. animal models have demonstrated that airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and inflammation are triggere ... | 2017 | 28667069 |
| structural basis for human respiratory syncytial virus ns1-mediated modulation of host responses. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the paediatric, elderly and immune-compromised populations(1,2). a gap in our understanding of hrsv disease pathology is the interplay between virally encoded immune antagonists and host components that limit hrsv replication. hrsv encodes for non-structural (ns) proteins that are important immune antagonists(3-6); however, the role of these proteins in viral pathogenesis is incompletely understood. here, we ... | 2017 | 28665409 |
| correction: sequence variability of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion gene among contemporary and historical genotypes of rsv/a and rsv/b. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175792.]. | 2017 | 28658276 |
| defining the incidence and associated morbidity and mortality of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among children with chronic diseases. | regal (rsv evidence-a geographical archive of the literature) has provided a comprehensive review of the published evidence in the field of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in western countries over the last 20 years. this review covers the risk and burden of rsv infection in children with underlying medical conditions or chronic diseases (excluding prematurity and congenital heart disease). | 2017 | 28653300 |
| poly(u) and cpg ameliorate the unbalanced t cell immunity and pneumonia of mice with rsv vaccine-enhanced disease. | respiratory syncycial virus (rsv) is the most important pathogen responsible for children's severe lower respiratory tract infection. so far no rsv vaccine has yet been authorized for clinical use. the main impediment that blocked development of rsv vaccine is that inactivated rsv vaccine could cause rsv vaccine-enhanced disease (rved). the mechanism of rved remains unclear. recently some researchers found that insufficient activation of innate immunity, including toll-like receptors (tlrs), mig ... | 2017 | 28652534 |
| preclinical characterization of the inhaled small molecule respiratory syncytial virus l-protein polymerase inhibitor, pc786. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, attempts to develop an effective therapy have so far proved unsuccessful. herein we report the preclinical profiles of pc786, a potent non-nucleoside rsv l-protein polymerase inhibitor, designed for inhalation treatment of rsv infection. pc786 demonstrated a potent and selective anti-viral activity against laboratory adapted or clinical isolates of rsva (ic50: < ... | 2017 | 28652242 |
| sofia(®)rsv: prospective laboratory evaluation and implementation of a rapid diagnostic test in a pediatric emergency ward. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is responsible for severe respiratory infections and higher costs in medical care. the two aims of this work were to assess the performances of sofia(®)rsv tests in "real-life-laboratory" conditions (study 1) and implemented at point-of-care testing in a pediatric emergency department (ed, study 2), during two consecutive winter seasons. | 2017 | 28651525 |
| helper t cell responses to respiratory viruses in the lung: development, virus suppression, and pathogenesis. | the lung is an important line of defense that is exposed to respiratory infectious pathogens, including viruses. lung epithelial cells and/or alveolar macrophages are initially targeted by respiratory viruses. once respiratory viruses invade the cells of the lung, innate immunity is activated to inhibit viral replication. innate immune signaling also activates virus-specific adaptive immune responses. the helper t cells play pivotal roles in the humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses. he ... | 2017 | 28650258 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, weather conditions and air pollution in an italian urban area: an observational study. | in this study we sought to evaluate the association between viral bronchiolitis, weather conditions, and air pollution in an urban area in italy. | 2017 | 28647513 |
| development of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines for infants. | 2017 will mark the 60(th) anniversary since the first isolation of rsv in children. in spite of concerted efforts over all these years, the goal of developing an effective vaccine against paediatric rsv disease has remained elusive. one of the main hurdles standing in the way of an effective vaccine is the fact that the age incidence of severe disease peaks within the first 3 months of life, providing limited opportunity for intervention. in addition to this complexity, the spectre of failed his ... | 2017 | 28646954 |
| molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in iranian ≥60 years old hospitalized patients with acute respiratory symptoms. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection (ari) and mortality in ≥60 years old population around the world. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency and circulating genotypes of hrsv in iranian patients ≥ 60 years old. | 2017 | 28646846 |
| roles of non-coding rnas in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | analysis of host gene expression profiles following viral infections of target cells/tissues can reveal crucial insights into the host: virus interaction and enables the development of novel therapeutics and prophylactics. regions of the host genome that do not code for protein, encode structural, and functional non-coding rnas that are important not only in regulation of host gene expression but also may impact viral replication. this review summarizes the role of host non-coding rnas during re ... | 2017 | 28646339 |
| national high-flow nasal cannula and bronchiolitis survey highlights need for further research and evidence-based guidelines. | high-flow nasal cannula (hfnc) therapy provides noninvasive respiratory support for infant bronchiolitis and its use has increased following good clinical experiences. this national study describes hfnc use in finland during a severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemic. | 2017 | 28643443 |
| a new antiviral pregnane from a gorgonian-derived cladosporium sp. fungus. | a new pregnane, 3α-hydroxy-7-ene-6,20-dione (1), and five known steroids (2-6), along with one known steroidal glycoside (7) were obtained from the fungus cladosporium sp. wz-2008-0042 cultured from a gorgonian dichotella gemmacea collected from the south china sea. the structure and absolute configuration of the new compound (1) were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data and x-ray diffraction data. the compound has a rare configuration of 3α-oh that is different from most of pregnanes. ... | 2017 | 28641456 |
| viral aetiology of wheezing in children under five. | wheezing is a common problem in children under five with acute respiratory infections (aris). viruses are known to be responsible for a considerable proportion of aris in children. this study was undertaken to know the viral aetiology of wheezing among the children less than five years of age, admitted to a tertiary care hospital in eastern india. | 2017 | 28639594 |
| does atopy affect the course of viral pneumonia? | the presence of atopy is considered as a risk factor for severe respiratory symptoms in children. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of atopy on the course of disease in children hospitalised with viral pneumonia. | 2017 | 28634031 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in adult emergency department patients: do emergency providers consider rsv as an admission diagnosis?: a retrospective, observational study carried out at massachusetts general hospital, boston, ma. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been recognized for over half a century as a cause of morbidity in infants and children. over the past 20years, data has emerged linking rsv as a cause of illness in adults resulting in 177,000 annual hospitalizations and up to 14,000 deaths among older adults. | 2017 | 28633906 |
| severe viral pneumonia in adults: what is important for the icu physician? | | 2017 | 28633583 |
| analysis of respiratory viral infections detected using multiplex real-time pcr in hwaseong, korea from 2013 to 2015. | we investigated the incidences and age-related/seasonal variations of respiratory virus infections in a regional area in korea. | 2017 | 28627819 |
| infections caused by hrsv a on1 are predominant among hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis in são paulo city. | human respiratory syncytial virus is the main cause of respiratory infections in infants. several hrsv genotypes have been described. goals. to describe the main genotypes that caused infections in são paulo (2013-2015) and to analyze their clinical/epidemiological features. methods. 94 infants (0-6 months) with bronchiolitis were studied. clinical/epidemiological information was collected; a search for 16 viruses in nasopharyngeal secretion (pcr-real-time and conventional, sequencing, and phylo ... | 2017 | 28626754 |
| preclinical assessment of safety of maternal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cotton rats. | maternal immunization directed to control rsv infection in newborns and infants is an appealing vaccination strategy currently under development. in this work we have modeled maternal vaccination against rsv in cotton rats (cr) to answer two fundamental questions on maternal vaccine safety. we tested (i), whether a known, unsafe rsv vaccine (i.e., fi-rsv lot 100 vaccine) induces vaccine enhanced disease in the presence of passively transferred, rsv maternal immunity, and (ii) whether the same fi ... | 2017 | 28624306 |
| broad-spectrum inhibition of respiratory virus infection by microrna mimics targeting p38 mapk signaling. | the majority of antiviral therapeutics target conserved viral proteins, however, this approach confers selective pressure on the virus and increases the probability of antiviral drug resistance. an alternative therapeutic strategy is to target the host-encoded factors that are required for virus infection, thus minimizing the opportunity for viral mutations that escape drug activity. micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas that play diverse roles in normal and disease biology, and they gener ... | 2017 | 28624201 |
| clinical course of community-acquired respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit. | | 2017 | 28621252 |
| chd and respiratory syncytial virus: global expert exchange recommendations. | palivizumab is the standard immunoprophylaxis against serious disease due to respiratory syncytial virus infection. current evidence-based prophylaxis guidelines may not address certain children with chd within specific high-risk groups or clinical/management settings. | 2017 | 28619123 |
| epitope mapping and kinetics of cd4 t cell immunity to pneumonia virus of mice in the c57bl/6 strain. | pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) infection has been widely used as a rodent model to study the closely related human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). while t cells are indispensable for viral clearance, they also contribute to immunopathology. to gain more insight into mechanistic details, novel tools are needed that allow to study virus-specific t cells in c57bl/6 mice as the majority of transgenic mice are only available on this background. while pvm-specific cd8 t cell epitopes were recently ... | 2017 | 28615708 |
| recurrent rhinovirus infections in a child with inherited mda5 deficiency. | mda5 is a cytosolic sensor of double-stranded rna (ds)rna including viral byproducts and intermediates. we studied a child with life-threatening, recurrent respiratory tract infections, caused by viruses including human rhinovirus (hrv), influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). we identified in her a homozygous missense mutation in ifih1 that encodes mda5. mutant mda5 was expressed but did not recognize the synthetic mda5 agonist/(ds)rna mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. when ... | 2017 | 28606988 |
| a human challenge model for respiratory syncytial virus kinetics, the pharmacological effect of a novel fusion inhibitor, and the modelling of symptoms scores. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes acute lower respiratory tract infections, and is a major cause of hospital admissions and death in young children. limited treatments currently exist that can prevent or minimise exacerbation of the disease. the aims of this work were: 1) to develop a population pharmacodynamic model to describe rsv kinetics (rsvk) in nasal lavage, 2) evaluate the impact of an investigational fusion inhibitor, jnj-53718678, on rsvk, and 3) determine the relationship betwe ... | 2017 | 28606804 |
| [expression of interferon-λ1 in respiratory epithelial cells of children with rsv infection and its relationship with rsv load]. | to investigate the expression of ifn-λ1 in respiratory epithelial cells of children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and its relationship with rsv load. | 2017 | 28606236 |
| microorganisms associated with pneumonia in children <5 years of age in developing and emerging countries: the gabriel pneumonia multicenter, prospective, case-control study. | pneumonia, the leading infectious cause of child mortality globally, mainly afflicts developing countries. this prospective observational study aimed to assess the microorganisms associated with pneumonia in children aged <5 years in developing and emerging countries. | 2017 | 28605562 |
| product review on the monoclonal antibody palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) accounts for about 20% of all respiratory infections in children below the age of 5 y. it is associated with up to 63% of all acute respiratory infections and up to 81% of all viral lower respiratory tract infections causing hospitalization in infants and young children. rsv leads to seasonal epidemics between november and april in the northern hemisphere. most severe infections (rsv accounts for 50 to 80% of all cause bronchiolitis) affect infants younger than ... | 2017 | 28605249 |
| the importance of rsv f protein conformation in vlps in stimulation of neutralizing antibody titers in mice previously infected with rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant respiratory pathogen but no vaccine is available. rsv infections present 2 major, unique problems. first, humans can experience repeated infections caused by the same virus sero-group indicating that protective memory responses to rsv infection are defective. second, most people have been infected with rsv by age 5. immune responses to these infections, while poorly protective, could impact the effectiveness of a vaccine. the goal of this study ... | 2017 | 28604155 |
| usefulness of ct value in acute respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus a and b and influenza virus a (h1n1)pdm09, a (h3n2) and b. | acute respiratory infections of viral cause are very frequent entities. the difficulty in evaluating the detection of a virus in these entities could be solved by determining the viral load. | 2017 | 28601216 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection compromises asthma tolerance by recruiting interleukin-17a-producing cells via ccr6-ccl20 signaling. | asthma tolerance can be induced by breast-feeding or oral feeding with ovalbumin (ova). anergy or deletion of specific t cells and generation of t regulatory cells might contribute to this process. however, whether respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection would affect asthma tolerance is not very clear. here, we first established asthma and oral tolerance mouse models and then analyzed airway hypersensitivity and asthma-related genes in the lung, ccr6-expressing il-17a(+) cells in the lungs, ... | 2017 | 28599122 |
| a safe and efficient bcg vectored vaccine to prevent the disease caused by the human respiratory syncytial virus. | the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) causes lower respiratory tract infections including pneumonia and bronchiolitis. such infections also cause a large number of hospitalizations and affects mainly newborns, young children and the elderly worldwide. symptoms associated with hrsv infection are due to an exacerbated immune response characterized by low levels of ifn-γ, recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils to the site of infection and lung damage. although hrsv is a major health prob ... | 2017 | 28598702 |
| intravenous palivizumab in respiratory syncytial virus infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplant in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can cause lower respiratory tract disease and mortality in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients. we report two children who underwent hsct and developed rsv infection simultaneously at the bone marrow transplant unit. the treatment with intravenous palivizumab was provided and sequential viral loads were measured in nasopharyngeal (np) and whole blood samples. to our knowledge, this is the first report where rsv loads were mea ... | 2017 | 28598593 |
| a four-biomarker blood signature discriminates systemic inflammation due to viral infection versus other etiologies. | the innate immune system of humans and other mammals responds to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) that are conserved across broad classes of infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. we hypothesized that a blood-based transcriptional signature could be discovered indicating a host systemic response to viral infection. previous work identified host transcriptional signatures to individual viruses including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and dengue, but the generality o ... | 2017 | 28588308 |
| outbreaks in the neonatal icu: a review of the literature. | neonates in the neonatal icu (nicu) are uniquely vulnerable to colonization and infection with pathogens such as multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria, which in turn are associated with increased infection-related morbidities and higher case-fatality rates. we reviewed the english, french, and german language literature published between 2015 and 2017, for reports of nicu outbreaks. | 2017 | 28582313 |
| epigenetic silencing of irf1 dysregulates type iii interferon responses to respiratory virus infection in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. | chronic oxidative injury produced by airway disease triggers a transforming growth factor-β (tgf-β)-mediated epigenetic reprogramming known as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt). we observe that emt silences protective mucosal interferon (ifn)-i and iii production associated with enhanced rhinovirus (rv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication. mesenchymal transitioned cells are defective in inducible interferon regulatory factor 1 (irf1) expression by occluding rela and irf3 ... | 2017 | 28581456 |
| evaluation of the expression level of 12/15 lipoxygenase and the related inflammatory factors (ccl5, ccl3) in respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice model. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection during early childhood and imposes a great burden on patients, parents, and society. disease is thought to be caused, at least partially, by an excessive immune response. pulmonary leukocyte infiltration is the result of a coordinated expression of diverse chemokines with distinct cellular specificities. lipoxygenases (loxs), as a key enzyme catalyzing deoxygenation of poly unsaturated fatty acids, regulate ... | 2017 | 28579398 |
| modelled seasonal influenza mortality shows marked differences in risk by age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic position in new zealand. | influenza is responsible for a large number of deaths which can only be estimated using modelling methods. such methods have rarely been applied to describe the major socio-demographic characteristics of this disease burden. | 2017 | 28579304 |
| a phase 2 randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of aluminum-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus f particle vaccine formulations in healthy women of childbearing age. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants. we are developing an rsv fusion (f) protein nanoparticle vaccine for immunization of third trimester pregnant women to passively protect infants through transfer of rsv-specific maternal antibodies. the present trial was performed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of several formulations of rsv f vaccine in 1-dose or 2-dose schedules. | 2017 | 28579233 |