| three opsin-encoding cdnas from the compound eye of manduca sexta. | three distinct opsin-encoding cdnas, designated manop1, manop2 and manop3, were isolated from the retina of the sphingid moth manduca sexta. manop1 codes for a protein with 377 amino acid residues. it is similar in sequence to members of a phylogenetic group of long-wavelength-sensitive arthropod photopigments, most closely resembling the opsins of ants, a praying mantis, a locust and the honeybee. manop2 and manop3 opsins have 377 and 384 residues respectively. they belong to a related group of ... | 1997 | 9343857 |
| [inactivated influenza virus vaccine: the status quo and several new approaches for future application]. | inactivated influenza vaccines were first developed in the 1930s and then, more efficient methods of virus purification and disruption have led to less toxic vaccine, e.g. ha-split vaccine. a program of annual immunization to schoolchildren had been recommended in japan since 1960. this assumed that the high incidence of influenza morbidity among schoolchildren might play a role in extending influenza in general population. however, due to the lack of detailed data, the public had bee reluctant ... | 1997 | 9360399 |
| sporicidal activities of disinfectants on paenibacillus larvae. | sporicidal activities of glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, povidone iodine, ethylene oxide gas, chlorhexidine gluconate, and didecyl dimethylammonium chloride on wet and dry spores of paenibacillus larvae (basonym: bacillus larvae) were evaluated for control of honeybee american foulbrood. glutaraldehyde was found to have a strong and rapid effect on both the wet and the dry spores among the disinfectants tested. | 1997 | 9362051 |
| structural characterisation of the natural membrane-bound state of melittin: a fluorescence study of a dansylated analogue. | the binding of a dansylated analogue of melittin (dnc-melittin) to natural membranes is described. the cytolytic peptide from honey bee venom melittin was enzymatically labelled in its glutamine-25 with the fluorescent probe monodansylcadaverine using guinea pig liver transglutaminase. the labelled peptide was characterised functionally in cytolytic assays, and spectroscopically by circular dichroism and fluorescence. the behaviour of dnc-melittin was, in all respects, indistinguishable from tha ... | 1997 | 9371414 |
| antigen binding and cytotoxic properties of a recombinant immunotoxin incorporating the lytic peptide, melittin. | the majority of immunotoxins studied to date incorporate toxins that act in the cytosol and thus need to be endocytosed by the target cell. an alternative strategy for immunotoxin development is the use of membrane active toxins, such as the pore-forming proteins. melittin, a 26 amino acid cytolytic peptide from bee venom, is such a protein. | 1996 | 9373315 |
| isolation and characterization of allergen-binding cells from normal and allergic donors. | flow cytometry of the immune system so far has been limited to the analysis of subpopulations according to lineage markers. the cells involved in a particular immune response could not be assayed due to their low frequency. here we show the potential of antigen-specific high gradient magnetic cell sorting to enrich cells for visualisation in multiparameter cytometry, functional studies and immortalization. | 1995 | 9373340 |
| comparison of the antibody response to bee venom phospholipase a2 induced by natural exposure in humans or by immunization in mice. | two human and twelve murine monoclonal antibodies directed against the main bee venom allergen phospholipase a2 (pla) were evaluated for their fine specificity of binding to antigen and their ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the antigen. antibodies were induced by natural exposure of beekeepers to bee venom or immunization of mice via different methods. both human monoclonal antibodies (hmabs) were previously shown to recognize the native three-dimensional conformation of pla and are ... | 1997 | 9376132 |
| a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxy terminus of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein induces alterations in the ionic permeability of xenopus laevis oocytes. | the carboxy-terminal 29 amino acids of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein (hiv-1 tm) are referred to as lentivirus lytic peptide 1 (llp-1). synthetic peptides corresponding to llp-1 have been shown to induce cytolysis and to alter the permeability of cultured cells to various small molecules. to address the mechanisms by which llp-1 induces cytolysis and membrane permeability changes, various concentrations of llp-1 were incubated with xenopus laevis oocytes, and ... | 1997 | 9390752 |
| [pharmacological approach to control american foulbrood of honeybees]. | in this review, i will describe honeybee biology from my prospective as a veterinary pharmacologist and will provide a summary of my research project to search for effective drugs to control american foulbrood, a bacterial disease of honeybees. in conclusion, mirosamicin, a macrolide antibiotic, as a preventive and glutaral, an alkylating agent, as a disinfectant were the most promising drugs. | 1997 | 9396023 |
| renal changes induced by envenomation with africanized bee venom in female wistar rats. | human envenomation caused by bee or wasp stings has been reported to cause acute renal failure (arf), usually due to acute tubular necrosis (atn), as a frequent complication. the pathogenetic mechanisms of atn occurring in these accidents are still unclear. in the present study, female wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were injected intravenously with africanized bee venom at a dose of 0.4 microl/100 g body weight and used in functional and light microscopy studies. the animals were divided into tw ... | 1997 | 9398034 |
| compartmental model of vertebrate motoneurons for ca2+-dependent spiking and plateau potentials under pharmacological treatment. | in contrast to the limited response properties observed under normal experimental conditions, spinal motoneurons generate complex firing patterns, such as ca2+-dependent regenerative spiking and plateaus, in the presence of certain neurotransmitters and ion-channel blockers. we have developed a quantitative motoneuron model, based on turtle motoneuron data, toinvestigate the roles of specific ionic currents and the effects of their soma and dendritic distribution in generating these complex firi ... | 1997 | 9405551 |
| a new record of phoretic mites on honey bee apis mellifera l. in egypt. | five species of mites, belonging to different families, were found infesting honeybee workers, apis mellifera l., in different apiaries in al-gharbiya governorate, nile delta. all the identified species except varroa jacobsoni oudemans (varroidae) are new records for the phoretic bee mites in egypt. these are neocypholaelaps indica evans (ameroseiidae), pediculochelus raulti lavoipiere (pediculochelidae), tarsonemus indoapis lindquist (tarsonemidae) and chaetodactylus osmiae (dufour) (chaetodact ... | 1997 | 9425813 |
| u.s. army soldiers' perceptions of arthropod pests and their effects on military missions. | a survey was conducted to determine the effects of biting and stinging arthropods on military personnel, operations, and training. nearly 70% of respondents reported experiencing problems attributable to arthropods. arthropods obstructed movement and field position, prevented concealment and cover, disrupted maneuvers, and caused panic. twenty percent of respondents reported attendance at sick call for treatment of bites or stings, and 4% were hospitalized or assigned to quarters. median lost ti ... | 1997 | 9433086 |
| [production of hyaluronidase by cultured human tumor cells]. | the presence of hyaluronidase was detected at ph 3.8 in eight out of twelve human cancer cell line culture media. eight cell lines derived from primary tumours and four from metastases. in three culture media the enzymatic activity was lower than 0.035 pu/cell/h. in five others (in a hepatoma cell line and in four metastasis-derived cell lines) the activity was higher than 0.057 pu/cell/h. a tumour-derived fibroblast culture was negative. the optimal activity was observed at a ph comprised betwe ... | 1997 | 9436534 |
| effect of thioctic acid on pyramidal cell responses in the rat hippocampus in vitro. | the action of two isomers of thioctic acid was tested in-vitro by using the hippocampal slice technique. various models to induce hyperexcitability of the pyramidal cells were used in order to characterize the drug action. increases of the applied glucose above the usual concentration of 10 mm lead to a concentration dependent enhancement of the population spike amplitude peaking in a 200% increase at a concentration of 30 mm, whereas lower glucose concentrations result in diminished amplitudes. ... | 1996 | 9438154 |
| preferential expression of the gene for a putative inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor homologue in the mushroom bodies of the brain of the worker honeybee apis mellifera l. | a gene expressed preferentially in the mushroom bodies of the brain of the worker honeybee apis mellifera l. was identified by the differential display method and its cdna was isolated. the cdna fragment of 534 bp (clone a1) contained an open reading frame encoding 177 amino acid residues having 78, 72, 70, 59 and 55% sequence identities with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip3) receptors of drosophila melanogaster, xenopus laevis and humans (types 1, 2 and 3), respectively, suggesting that it ... | 1998 | 9439632 |
| shifts in the life history of parasitic wasps correlate with pronounced alterations in early development. | developmental processes have been traditionally viewed to be invariant within higher taxa. however, examples are known whereby closely related species exhibit alterations in early embryogenesis yet appear very similar as adults. such developmental changes are thought to occur in response to shifts in life history. in insects, the regulation of embryonic development has been intensively studied in model species like drosophila melanogaster. previous comparative studies suggest that the developmen ... | 1998 | 9448291 |
| experimental studies on the dynamics of the scaring effect of some ointments. | the ointment studied is made by us in the laboratory. he includes the following ingredients: a bee-keeping product soved in sunflower oil, an antioxidant, hexestrole, and a proper preserving medium. the idea was to create a product which is capable to accelerate the scarring process of the plague produced by burns. thus, after 10-12 days we can observe a favourable clinical evolution. anatomo-microscopy is obvious a gradually regenerating epithelium and the subjacent dermis remains slightly infi ... | 1995 | 9455366 |
| bees travel novel homeward routes by integrating separately acquired vector memories | the question of whether bees can take novel short cuts between familiar sites has been central to the discussion about the existence of cognitive maps in these insects. the failure of bees to show this capacity in the majority of previous studies may be a result of the training procedure, because extensive training to one feeding site may have eliminated or weakened memories for other sites that were previously trained. here we present a novel approach to this problem, by rewarding honey bees, a ... | 1998 | 9480680 |
| acquired immunity to africanized honeybee (apis mellifera) venom in brazilian beekeepers. | seventy-eight brazilian beekeepers who had been stung on average six times per month were studied. sixty-eight beekeepers (87.1%) showed restricted local clinical reactions; nine individuals (11.5%) had extensive local reactions, and only one (1.2%) suffered anaphylactic shock. the humoral immunologic pattern of these individuals were studied by using immunoenzymatic methods to determine the serum titles of specific ige and specific igg4. three groups of beekeepers presenting different humoral i ... | 1997 | 9491199 |
| a putative iridovirus from the honey bee mite, varroa jacobsoni oudemans | copyright | 1998 | 9500939 |
| [contamination of bee products and risk for human health: situation in france]. | to meet the needs of a colony, bees collect honey, honey-dew, pollen and water from an environment exposed to various bacterial and chemical contaminants, which might be incorporated in products for human consumption. in addition to this environmental pollution, contamination of bee products may also occur during packing. in france, tests for various pollutants are performed more or less systematically, at the request of the ministry of agriculture, merchants or producers. honey and royal jelly ... | 1997 | 9501376 |
| acute renal failure in experimental envenomation with africanized bee venom. | human victims of multiple bee or wasp stings have been reported and develop severe clinical signs and symptoms. acute renal failure (arf), usually due to acute tubular necrosis (atn) was a frequent complication. the pathogenetic mechanisms of atn occurring in these accidents are still unclear. in the present study, female wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were injected intravenously with africanized bee venom at a dose of 0.4 microl/100 g body weight, and the kidney was observed under light and tra ... | 1998 | 9509559 |
| sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the honey bee apis mellifera -an unusual phenotype associated with the loss of introns. | in comparison with the numerous drosophila species and the mouse, the gpdh gene in the honey bee apis mellifera lacks most introns. this prevents the gene from producing different gpdh isoforms by alternative splicing, which occurs in drosophila melanogaster. the sequences of the cdna and genomic gpdh of a. mellifera are described and show that at the amino acid level they share 84% similarity and 71% identity with d. melanogaster. the identity at the nucleotide level is 62% in the coding region ... | 1998 | 9524227 |
| [risk of disseminating apiary diseases by international movements of bees and their products]. | the evaluation of the risks of spreading bee diseases is based on information obtained from a wide variety of sources: reports of the world distribution of pathogenic agents; trade flow in bees and bee products; and observations and experimental data on the diseases. at present, this information is severely lacking and only enables a brief outline of trends to be made. current data are inadequate to prevent the spread of diseases from one country to another. to improve this situation, it is impo ... | 1997 | 9537743 |
| differential regulation of human t cell cytokine patterns and ige and igg4 responses by conformational antigen variants. | bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla) represents the major allergen and antigen in allergic and non-allergic individuals sensitized to bee sting. we have studied specific activation of peripheral t cells by different structural and conformational variants of pla and secretion of cytokines regulating ige and igg4 antibody (ab) formation. pla molecules expressing the correctly folded tertiary structure, which show high affinity to membrane phospholipids and were recognized by ab from bee sting allergic ... | 1998 | 9541587 |
| px-52, a novel inhibitor of 14 kda secretory and 85 kda cytosolic phospholipases a2. | previously we reported that pgbx, a prostaglandin oligomer with anti-inflammatory activity, inhibited 14 kda phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity and blocked arachidonic acid mobilization in prelabeled human neutrophils (biochim. biophys. acta 1006:272-277, 278-286, 1989) this study describes a new inhibitor of phospholipase a2, px-52, that also blocks agonist induced arachidonic acid mobilization in prelabeled cells. px-52, a fatty acid polymer, inhibited hydrolysis of 14c-oleate labeled e.coli by ... | 1997 | 9547578 |
| the harris-benedict studies of human basal metabolism: history and limitations. | in the early part of the 20th century, numerous studies of human basal metabolism were conducted at the nutrition laboratory of the carnegie institution of washington in boston, mass, under the direction of francis g. benedict. prediction equations for basal energy expenditure (bee) were developed from these studies. the expressed purpose of these equations was to establish normal standards to serve as a benchmark for comparison with bee of persons with various disease states such as diabetes, t ... | 1998 | 9550168 |
| concanavalin a binding and endoglycosidase d resistance of beta1,2-xylosylated and alpha1,3-fucosylated plant and insect oligosaccharides. | the binding to concanavalin a (con a) by pyridylaminated oligosaccharides derived from bromelain (manalpha1,6(xylbeta1,2) manbeta1, 4glcnacbeta1,4(fucalpha1,3)glcnac), horseradish peroxidase (manalpha1,6(manalpha1,3) (xylbeta1,2)manbeta1, 4glcnacbeta1,4(fucalpha1,3) glcnac), bee venom phospholipase a2 (manalpha1,6manbeta1,4glcnacbeta1,4glcnac and manalpha1,6(manalpha1,3)manbeta1,4glcnacbeta1,4 (fucalpha1,3)glcnac) and zucchini ascorbate oxidase (manalpha1,6(manalpha1,3) (xylbeta1,2)manbeta1,4 gl ... | 1998 | 9557883 |
| survival after massive (>2000) africanized honeybee stings. | we report the clinical case of a man who survived a massive attack of africanized bees (>2000 bee stings). the man experienced anaphylactic shock and multisystem organ failure (neurologic, hepatic, renal, and hematologic failure). he was treated with administration of dopamine hydrochloride, antihistaminic agents, corticosteroids, fluid and electrolyte replenishment, peritoneal dialysis, and plasmapheresis. no sequelae have been observed during follow-up. | 1998 | 9570180 |
| a pcr detection method for rapid identification of melissococcus pluton in honeybee larvae. | melissococcus pluton is the causative agent of european foulbrood, a disease of honeybee larvae. this bacterium is particularly difficult to isolate because of its stringent growth requirements and competition from other bacteria. pcr was used selectively to amplify specific rrna gene sequences of m. pluton from pure culture, from crude cell lysates, and directly from infected bee larvae. the pcr primers were designed from m. pluton 16s rrna sequence data. the pcr products were visualized by aga ... | 1998 | 9572987 |
| mechanism of action of honey bee (apis mellifera l.) venom on different types of muscles. | 1. the effect of crude honeybee (apis mellifera) venom on the skeletal, smooth as well as cardiac muscles were studied in this investigation. 2. perfusion of gastrocnemius-sciatic nerve preparation of frogs with 1 microgram/ml venom solution has weakened the mechanical contraction of the muscle without recovery. blocking of nicotinic receptors with 3 micrograms/ml flaxedil before bee venom application sustained normal contraction of gastrocnemius muscle. 3. the electrical activity of duodenum ra ... | 1998 | 9587789 |
| preclinical oral toxicology in rats of d-002, a natural drug with antiulcer effects. | d-002 is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohol isolated from bees wax (apis mellifera) with effective antiulcer effects demonstrated in different experimental models. oral toxicity of d-002 (5-5000 mg/kg) was evaluated in sub-acute (14 days), subchronic (90 days) and chronic (1 year) studies in sprague-dawley rats from both sexes. there was no treatment-related toxicity. thus, effects on body weight, food consumption, clinical observations, blood parameters, organ weight ratios and histo ... | 1998 | 9598297 |
| petrosaspongiolides m-r: new potent and selective phospholipase a2 inhibitors from the new caledonian marine sponge petrosaspongia nigra. | five new bioactive sesterterpenes (1-5) have been isolated from the new caledonian marine sponge petrosaspongia nigra bergquist and named petrosaspongiolides m-r. their chemical structures were determined from 1d and 2d nmr studies and ms data. all compounds inhibited different preparations of phospholipase a2 (pla2) by irreversibly blocking these enzymes (particularly human synovial and bee venom, see table 3), with ic50 values in the micromolar range. interestingly, these compounds displayed a ... | 1998 | 9599251 |
| prevalence and risk factors of latex sensitization in an unselected pediatric population. | the prevalence of latex sensitization has been investigated in population groups considered at high risk, but it has not been systematically surveyed among the general population. | 1998 | 9600498 |
| superior biologic activity of the recombinant bee venom allergen hyaluronidase expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells as compared with escherichia coli. | hyaluronidase (hya) is one of several allergens in honeybee venom. its cdna sequence was recently described. | 1998 | 9600508 |
| [proliferation and death of thymocytes caused by phospholipase a2 activator--melittin]. | the effects of mellitin, a component of bee venom activating phospholipase a2, on proliferation and death of the rat thymocytes were studied in a wide concentration range. cell proliferation was estimated by the accumulation of colchicine metaphases, necrosis was estimated by cell lysis and trypan blue staining. apoptosis was estimated by the type of dna fragmentation, amount of fragmented dna, and percentage of cells with hypodiploid dna set. low concentrations of mellitin (below 5 micrograms/m ... | 1998 | 9609959 |
| core alpha1,3-fucose is a key part of the epitope recognized by antibodies reacting against plant n-linked oligosaccharides and is present in a wide variety of plant extracts. | carbohydrates have been suggested to account for some ige cross-reactions between various plant, insect, and mollusk extracts, while some igg antibodies have been successfully raised against plant glycoproteins. a rat monoclonal antibody raised against elderberry abscission tissue (yz1/2.23) and rabbit polyclonal antiserum against horseradish peroxidase were screened for reactivity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against a range of plant glycoproteins and extracts as well as neoglycoprotein ... | 1998 | 9621106 |
| aeromonas hydrophila soft-tissue infection as a complication of snake bite: report of three cases. | aeromonas hydrophila soft-tissue infection has been associated with fish and reptile bites. there have bee three recent cases from brazil of abscesses complicating snake bites in which a. hydrophila was isolated from the purulent exudates. one of the snakes responsible for the bites was a specimen of bothrops moojeni, and the others were most probably also lance-headed vipers. these snakes have a local necrotizing, myotoxic, oedema-inducing venom that must have favoured the multiplication in the ... | 1998 | 9625918 |
| review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). | propolis is a multifunctional material used by bees in the construction and maintenance of their hives. use of propolis by humans has a long history, predated only by the discovery of honey. use of products containing propolis have resulted in extensive dermal contact and it is now increasingly being used a dietary supplement. unlike many 'natural' remedies, there is a substantive database on the biological activity and toxicity of propolis indicating it may have many antibiotic, antifungal, ant ... | 1998 | 9651052 |
| gene structure and map location of the murine homolog of the huntington-associated protein, hap1. | huntington's disease (hd) is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with a mutation in a gene expressed in both affected and non-affected tissues. the selective neuropathology in hd is thought to be mediated in part through interactions with other proteins including the huntington associated protein, hap-1, which is predominantly expressed in the brain. we have mapped its murine homolog, hap1, to mouse chr 11 (band d), which shares extensive synteny with human chr 17 incl ... | 1998 | 9657855 |
| application of free-flow electrophoresis for isolation and purification of proteins and peptides. | free-flow electrophoresis (ffe) has been applied to the separation and purification of a variety of proteins and polypeptides: bee venom, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1beta, interferon-gamma and superoxide dismutase. ffe at constant ph and conductivity of the carrying buffer is shown to be efficient at various separation schemes. in some cases, the method allows us to obtain proteins with a purity of more than 90% at a productivity of 20-30 mg/h. an electrophoretic apparatus with a new, mu ... | 1998 | 9662174 |
| modified antigenic reactivity of anti-phospholipase a2 igg antibodies in patients allergic to bee venom: conversion with immunotherapy and relation to subclass expression. | we have previously reported that, in addition to modifying igg levels and subclass distributions, wasp venom immunotherapy (vit) rapidly changes igg antibody specificity. | 1998 | 9679855 |
| antigen-independent suppression of the ige immune response to bee venom phospholipase a2 by maternally derived monoclonal igg antibodies. | the ige immune response to ovalbumin in rats can be suppressed by prior immunization of the dams. the results reported in this paper extend this observation to include a different antigen and another species, namely the ige immune response to bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) in cba/j mice. the degree of suppression seemed to depend on the amount of igg antibodies transferred to the offspring. moreover, we found that the maternally mediated suppression of the ige response could be achieved in a ... | 1998 | 9692881 |
| flow cytometric analysis of cell killing by the jumper ant venom peptide pilosulin 1. | pilosulin 1 is a synthetic 56-amino acid residue polypeptide that corresponds to the largest allergenic polypeptide found in the venom of the jumper ant myrmecia pilosula. initial experiments showed that pilosulin 1 lysed erythrocytes and killed proliferating b cells. herein, we describe how flow cytometry was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of the peptide for human white blood cells. cells were labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies, incubated with the peptide and 7-aminoactinomyc ... | 1998 | 9701394 |
| changes in microbiological and physicochemical properties of bee pollen by application of gamma irradiation and ozone treatment. | the effects of gamma irradiation and ozone treatment on microbiological and physicochemical properties of bee pollen were investigated. gamma irradiation at 7.5 kgy reduced the total microbial loads below detection levels (>10(2) cfu g(-1)), but after ozone treatment of up to 18 ppm for 8 h the total aerobic bacteria were found in concentrations of more than 10(3) cfu g(-1). physicochemical properties such as amino acid and fatty acid composition, thiobarbituric acid value, mineral content, and ... | 1998 | 9708285 |
| hyal2, a human gene expressed in many cells, encodes a lysosomal hyaluronidase with a novel type of specificity. | using expressed sequence tags (ests) deposited in the data banks, a cdna has been assembled that encodes a protein related to the hyaluronidases from bee venom and mammalian sperm. expression of this cdna yielded a polypeptide termed hyal2, which is located in lysosomes. the hyal2 protein was shown to have hyaluronidase activity below ph 4. however, it only hydrolyzed hyaluronan of high molecular mass from umbilical cord, rooster comb, and a streptococcus strain. the reaction product was a polys ... | 1998 | 9712871 |
| epidemiology of insect venom sensitivity in children and its correlation to clinical and atopic features. | the aim of this study was to obtain more accurate figures of the prevalence of cutaneous sensitivity to hymenoptera venoms (hv) and its correlation with other parameters of atopy in a population of primary schoolchildren. parents filled out a structured questionnaire and children were tested with a panel of inhalant and food allergens as well as standardized freeze-dried extracts of hv. among the 1175 children who completed the study there was a personal history of rhinoconjunctivitis in 242 (20 ... | 1998 | 9720817 |
| enzymatic activity of soluble phospholipase a2 does not affect the specific ige, igg4 and cytokine responses in bee sting allergy. | the soluble bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla) represents the major allergen/antigen for allergic and hyperimmune individuals following bee sting. a number of studies implicate enzymes, and pla in particular, as potent allergens. we have studied specific activation of t cells by enzymatically active and inactive mutants of pla, and secretion of cytokines regulating ige and igg4 antibody formation. | 1998 | 9720818 |
| influence of preformed alpha-helix and alpha-helix induction on the activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides. | one prominent class of cationic antibacterial peptides comprises the alpha-helical class, which is unstructured in free solution but folds into an amphipathic alpha-helix upon insertion into the membranes of target cells. to investigate the importance of alpha-helicity and its induction on interaction with membranes, a series of peptides was constructed based on a hybrid of moth cecropin (amino acids 1-8) and bee melittin (amino acids 1-18) peptides. the new peptides were predicted to have a hig ... | 1998 | 9727863 |
| disposition of mirosamicin in honeybee hives. | disposition of mirosamicin, a macrolide antibiotic, to honeybee adults, larvae, honey and royal jelly in the beehive after in-feed administration to adult bees was studied. treatment was initiated at the end of july when the availability of natural pollen and nectar was poor. the drug was mixed with pollen-substitute paste and administered to honeybee colonies continuously for a week at a dosage of 200 mg/hive/week. high distributions in adult bees, jelly, larvae and a relatively low distributio ... | 1998 | 9731948 |
| spatial and temporal expression of c-fos protein in the spinal cord of anesthetized rat induced by subcutaneous bee venom injection. | in order to study central neuronal components involved in subcutaneous (s.c.) bee venom-induced persistent pain (a new tonic pain model), we use fos immunostaining technique to study the spatial and temporal patterns of neuronal activity in the spinal cord of anesthetized rats. following intraplantar bee venom injection, fos-like immunoreactive (ir) neurons were only seen from l1 to s3 rostrocaudally with distinct distribution at l4-5 segments. at segments of l1-2 and s1-3, fos-ir labelings were ... | 1998 | 9739136 |
| modification of unicryl composition for rapid polymerization at low temperature without alteration of immunocytochemical sensitivity. | we introduced a slight modification of unicryl for fast polymerization at low temperature (in the range-20 degree c to-35 degree c) without modification of both physical properties and immunocytochemical yield. an uv initiator benzoin ethyl ether (bee) is added at 0.05% concentration in neat resin during infiltration and final polymerization at-35 degree c. immunogold labeling of amylase of mouse pancreas embedded in standard conditions recommended by the manufacturer or with our modification we ... | 1998 | 9744087 |
| association of spectrin with a subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in honeybee photoreceptor cells. | the endoplasmic reticulum (er) in honeybee photoreceptors is organized into structurally distinct subregions. the most prominent of these, the submicrovillar network of er cisternae, is tightly associated with actin filaments. electron microscopic techniques have demonstrated that the er-associated actin filaments are regularly spaced at 60-80 nm and cross-bridged by filamentous structures. a polyclonal antibody against drosophila alpha-spectrin has been used to examine the distribution of spect ... | 1998 | 9744301 |
| determinants and mechanisms of human immune responses to bee venom phospholipase a2. | the elicitation of an immune response to protein antigens depends on the specific recognition of antigenic determinants (epitopes) by t and b lymphocytes. bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla) represents the major antigen/allergen of honey bee venom. it displays three dominant immunogenic peptide and one glycopeptide t cell recognition sites. these epitopes are equally recognized by both allergic and nonallergic individuals. a mixture of the three epitope containing peptides was successfully used in ... | 1998 | 9751842 |
| effect of natural amphipathic peptides on viability, membrane potential, cell shape and motility of mollicutes. | the antibiotic activity of ten amphipathic peptides was investigated in six species of mollicutes belonging to the genera acholeplasma, mycoplasma and spiroplasma. a. laidlawii was the most sensitive and m. mycoides subsp. mycoides sc the most resistant. animal defence peptides (cecropins a and p1, and magainin 2) proved to be less potent than bee-venom mellitin and most of the peptides produced by bacteria (globomycin, gramicidin s, surfactin and valinomycin) or fungi (alamethicin). gramicidin ... | 1997 | 9765797 |
| binding of bee venom and human group iia phospholipases a2 to membranes: a minor role for electrostatics. | | 1998 | 9765875 |
| immunochemical characterization and role in toxic activities of region 115-129 of myotoxin ii, a lys49 phospholipase a2 from bothrops asper snake venom. | the region 115-129 of myotoxin ii, a catalytically inactive lys49 phospholipase a2, was previously shown to constitute a heparin-binding site and to be involved in its cytolytic action in vitro. an immunochemical approach was utilized to further explore the role of this region in the toxic activities of myotoxin ii. by using a carrier-linked 13-mer synthetic peptide as immunogen, rabbit polyclonal antibodies against region 115-129 were obtained. these antibodies were able to bind to the native p ... | 1998 | 9784249 |
| sphingomyelinase induces aggregation and fusion, but phospholipase a2 only aggregation, of low density lipoprotein (ldl) particles. two distinct mechanisms leading to increased binding strength of ldl to human aortic proteoglycans. | during atherogenesis, low density lipoprotein (ldl) particles bind to extracellular matrix proteoglycans in the arterial wall, become modified, and appear as aggregated and fused particles. sphingomyelinase (smase) and phospholipase a2 (pla2) have been found in the arterial wall, and, moreover, lesional ldl shows signs of hydrolysis of both sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine. we have now studied the effects of these two lipolytic modifications on the aggregation and fusion of ldl particles by ... | 1998 | 9786921 |
| [the use of bee and plant products in the treatment and rehabilitation of subjects exposed to the effect of ionizing radiation]. | the necessity is substantiated for use of apiphytoproducts in patients with duodenal ulcer who had become victims of chernobyl accident. apiphytoproducts were found out to accelerate the natural elimination of cesium radionuclides from the body, to normalize the indices for lipid peroxidation; they can be used on a monotherapy basis or combined with antisecretory or anti-helicobacter drug preparations. | 1998 | 9793307 |
| sociality and the rate of rdna sequence evolution in wasps (vespidae) and honeybees (apis). | sequence data of mitochondrial 16s ribosomal dna (mt-rdna) and nuclear 28s ribosomal dna (nuc-rdna) were compared in two honeybee species (apis mellifera and apis dorsata) and a selection of 22 wasp species (vespidae) with different levels of sociality. the averge substitution rates in mt-rdna and nuc-rdna were almost-equal in solitary species. in species with larger nests, however, the difference between the nuclear and the mitochondrial substitution rate significantly increased. the average su ... | 1998 | 9797411 |
| mitochondrial dna variability in the canary islands honeybees (apis mellifera l.). | the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of individuals from 79 colonies of apis mellifera from five canary islands was studied using the drai test based on the restriction of pcr products of the trna(leu)-coii intergenic region. five haplotypes of the african (a) lineage and one of the west european (c) lineage were found. the haplotypes a14 and a15 are described for the first time. these haplotypes have a new p sequence named p1. the wide distribution and high frequency of haplotype a15 suggest that it i ... | 1998 | 9819907 |
| anti-hyperalgesic effect of an ethanolic extract of propolis in mice and rats. | propolis, or bee glue, which contains a complex mixture of secondary metabolites, has long been used in many countries for the management of several diseases. the purpose of this study was to evaluate, by means of several pharmacological models, the anti-hyperalgesic effect of propolis collected in the south of brazil. the abdominal constrictions induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (0.6%), kaolin (50 mg kg-1) or zymosan (40 mg kg-1) were inhibited to different extents by ... | 1998 | 9821669 |
| plasma leptin levels in trauma patients: effect of adjuvant recombinant human growth hormone in intravenously fed multiple trauma patients. | leptin, the newly discovered ob gene product, is synthesized primarily in adipose tissue and circulates to all parts of the body. injury elicits significant metabolic changes, and it is not known how these changes affect the circulating leptin levels. | 1998 | 9829605 |
| membrane potential modulators: a thread of scarlet from plants to humans. | the preservation along evolution of specific core motifs in proteins of diverse functions and taxonomic origins pinpoints a possible developmental advantage at the structural level. such a preservation was observed in a group of membrane potential modulators including plant gamma-thionins, scorpion toxins, insect and scorpion defensins, bee venom apamin and mcd peptide, snake sarafotoxins, and human endothelins. these substances are short polypeptides of various lengths and nonhomologous sequenc ... | 1998 | 9837870 |
| ige antibodies specific for carbohydrates in a patient allergic to gum arabic (acacia senegal). | the present study deals with the detailed investigation of the ige antibody response of a gum arabic-allergic patient. the patient showed multiple serologic and skin test sensitizations to a range of pollen, other inhalants and foods, and bee venom, and to the recombinant allergens bet v 1 and bet v 2. moreover, the patient's serum reacted strongly to gum-arabic extract. the naio4-treated and thus deglycosylated extract showed no binding to ige. in contrast, removal of the protein backbone by ba ... | 1998 | 9860236 |
| delayed toxic reaction following massive bee envenomation. | massive bee envenomation can produce both immediate and delayed toxic reaction. signs and symptoms of immediate toxic reaction are fatigue, nausea, vomiting, hemolysis, kidney failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. the label "delayed toxic reaction" refers to a patient who is asymptomatic after a massive bee envenomation, with normal initial laboratory results, but later demonstrates laboratory evidence of hemolysis, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis, liver dysfunction ... | 1999 | 9867899 |
| histopathological and histochemical changes in honeybee larvae (apis mellifera l.) after infection with bacillus larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood disease. | morphological, histochemical and cytochemical changes were examined in honeybee larvae after infection with the bacterium bacillus larvae. the results indicate cell necrosis in the midgut epithelium accompanied by increasing cell vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis following per os inoculation with b. larvae. many autolysosomes were positive for acid phosphatase. non-vacuolar acid phosphatase activity was also found in lysed cell compartments. no such activity was found in regenerative epithelial ... | 1998 | 9878101 |
| the transmission of deformed wing virus between honeybees (apis mellifera l.) by the ectoparasitic mite varroa jacobsoni oud | under field conditions, varroa jacobsoni were shown to be highly effective vectors of deformed wing virus (dwv) between bees. adult female mites obtained from honeybee pupae naturally infected with dwv contained virus titers many times in excess of those found in their hosts and, beyond that, which might be expected from a concentration effect. it is therefore possible that dwv may be capable of replicating within v. jacobsoni. bees which tested positive for dwv exhibited characteristic morpholo ... | 1999 | 9878295 |
| comparative study of the cytolytic activity of myotoxic phospholipases a2 on mouse endothelial (tend) and skeletal muscle (c2c12) cells in vitro. | a rapid in vitro cytolytic effect of some myotoxic phospholipases a2 (pla2s) isolated from the venoms of viperidae snakes has been previously described. this study was undertaken to investigate if cytolytic activity is a common property of the myotoxic proteins from this group. murine endothelial cells (tend) and skeletal muscle myotubes (c2c12) were utilized as targets. the release of lactic dehydrogenase was quantified as a measure of cell damage, 3 h after exposure of cells to the different p ... | 1999 | 9920486 |
| an altered peptide ligand specifically inhibits th2 cytokine synthesis by abrogating tcr signaling. | altered peptide ligands (apl) can modify t cell effector function by their diversity in binding to the tcr or mhc class ii-presenting molecules. the capacity to inhibit th2 cytokine production by allergen-specific t cells would contribute to combating allergic inflammation. the presence of apl generated by ala-substitutions in a synthetic dodeca-peptide spanning an immunodominant epitope of bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla) was investigated in human t cells. four of five substituted peptides redu ... | 1999 | 9973449 |
| a bacterial signal peptidase enhances processing of a recombinant single chain antibody fragment in insect cells. | the production of an antibody single chain fragment (scfv) in insect cells was accompanied by the formation of an insoluble intracellular precursor even with the inclusion of the bee melittin signal peptide. the presence of the precursor polypeptide suggests a limitation in the processing of the signal peptide so a baculovirus containing a signal peptidase from bacillus subtilis (sips) was constructed for expression studies. when the wild type sips was coexpressed with scfv, preprocessed scfv fr ... | 1999 | 10049728 |
| effects of petrosaspongiolide m, a novel phospholipase a2 inhibitor, on acute and chronic inflammation. | the marine product petrosaspongiolide m is a novel inhibitor of phospholipase a2 (pla2), showing selectivity for secretory pla2 versus cytosolic pla2, with a potency on the human synovial enzyme (group ii) similar to that of manoalide. this compound was more potent than manoalide on bee venom pla2 (group iii) and had no effect on group i enzymes (naja naja and porcine pancreatic pla2). inhibition of pla2 was also observed in vivo in the zymosan-injected rat air pouch, on the secretory enzyme acc ... | 1999 | 10087000 |
| optimization of the production of a honeybee odorant-binding protein by pichia pastoris. | a honeybee putative general odorant-binding protein asp2 has been expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. it was secreted into the buffered minimal medium using either the alpha-factor preprosequence with and without the glu-ala-glu-ala spacer peptide of saccharomyces cerevisiae or its native signal peptide. whereas asp2 secreted using the alpha-factor preprosequence with the spacer peptide showed n-terminal heterogeneity, the recombinant protein using the two other secretion pept ... | 1999 | 10092496 |
| [use of a pcr method for controlling pure-breeding of honeybees apis mellifera mellifera l. in the southern urals]. | a key problem of honeybee (apis mellifera mellifera) breeding in the southern urals is its cross-breeding with the caucasian honeybee apis mellifera caucasica. mitochondrial dna (mtdna) in these subspecies differ in the length of a fragment localized between genes co-i and co-ii, which can be used as a marker. a pair of 20-mer primers for pcr was chosen by means of computer design in order to determine the fragment size in both of the subspecies. the amplified fragment was shown to have a length ... | 1998 | 10096033 |
| bee sting envenomation resulting in secondary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in two dogs. | immune-mediated hemolytic anemia secondary to bee envenomation developed in 2 dogs. clinical signs included lethargy, hematuria, ataxia, and seizures; 1 dog died. clinicopathologic data included nonregenerative anemia, spherocytosis, positive results for coombs' test, and occult hematuria. treatment included oral administration of corticosteroids at immunosuppressive dosages and supportive care. the surviving dog initially responded to corticosteroids, but hemolysis recurred as the dosage was ta ... | 1999 | 10200797 |
| biological activities of c-terminal 15-residue synthetic fragment of melittin: design of an analog with improved antibacterial activity. | melittin, the 26-residue predominant toxic peptide from bee venom, exhibits potent antibacterial activity in addition to its hemolytic activity. the synthetic peptide of 15 residues corresponding to its c-terminal end (mcf), which encompasses its most amphiphilic segment, is now being shown to possess antibacterial activity about 5-7 times less compared to that of melittin. mcf, however, is 300 times less hemolytic. an analog of mcf, mcfa, in which two cationic residues have been transpositioned ... | 1999 | 10217411 |
| a pcr detection method for rapid identification of paenibacillus larvae. | american foulbrood is a disease of larval honeybees (apis mellifera) caused by the bacterium paenibacillus larvae. over the years attempts have been made to develop a selective medium for the detection of p. larvae spores from honey samples. the most successful of these is a semiselective medium containing nalidixic acid and pipermedic acid. although this medium allows the growth of p. larvae and prevents the growth of most other bacterial species, the false-positive colonies that grow on it pre ... | 1999 | 10224028 |
| geographically diverse australian isolates of melissococcus pluton exhibit minimal genotypic diversity by restriction endonuclease analysis. | melissococcus pluton, the causative agent of european foulbrood is an economically significant disease of honey bees (apis mellifera) across most regions of the world and is prevalent throughout most states of australia. 49 isolates of m. pluton recovered from diseased colonies or honey samples in new south wales, queensland, south australia, tasmania and victoria were compared using sds-page, western immunoblotting and restriction endonuclease analyses. dna profiles of all 49 geographically div ... | 1999 | 10227161 |
| differential gene expression between developing queens and workers in the honey bee, apis mellifera. | many insects show polyphenisms, or alternative morphologies, which are based on differential gene expression rather than genetic polymorphism. queens and workers are alternative forms of the adult female honey bee and represent one of the best known examples of insect polyphenism. hormonal regulation of caste determination in honey bees has been studied in detail, but little is known about the proximate molecular mechanisms underlying this process, or any other such polyphenism. we report the su ... | 1999 | 10318926 |
| [toxic reaction induced by hymenoptera stings]. | clinical symptoms of toxic reactions occurred in two patients following multiple stinging by bees and wasps respectively. the first cause is that of 76-year old woman attacked by a swarm of bees (about 200 stings), the other case presents a 69-year old man who was stung by several dozen of wasps. in the first case the toxic reaction was manifested by shock, acute renal failure, tissue damage of the skin, muscles and liver and haemolysis which resulted in the patients death. these symptoms occur ... | 1998 | 10335030 |
| determination of acrinathrin residues in honey and beeswax. | the asian bee mite (varroa jacobsoni oud.) causes variable damage in hungarian apiaries due to the different and changing conditions. plastic and wooden strips impregnated with synthetic pyrethroid-type active ingredients show a high efficacy against the mites. these treatments, however, may leave residues in bee products (honey, propolis, wax). after experimental treatment with gabon pa 92, the levels of active ingredient (acrinathrin) residues were determined in honey and beeswax samples. the ... | 1999 | 10344078 |
| update on the status of africanized honey bees in the western states. | the africanized honey bee (ahb), apis mellifera scutella--perhaps better known as the "killer bee"--has arrived in the western united states and in southern california, following a nearly 50-year north-ward migration across south and central america. first detected near hidalgo, texas in october 1993, the bees continue to advance 100 to 300 miles per year by colonizing existing hives or forming new hives in the wild. although the ahb's "killer" reputation has been greatly exaggerated, the presen ... | 1999 | 10344176 |
| antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origin. | propolis samples from different geographic origins were investigated for their antibacterial (against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli), antifungal (against candida albicans) and antiviral (against avian influenza virus) activities. all samples were active against the fungal and gram-positive bacterial test strains, and most showed antiviral activity. the activities of all samples were similar in spite of the differences in their chemical composition. in samples from the temperate zone ... | 1999 | 10363838 |
| skeletal muscle and small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. | skeletal muscle becomes hyperexcitable following denervation and when cultured in the absence of nerve cells. in these circumstances, the bee venom peptide toxin apamin, a blocker of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (sk) channels, dramatically reduces the hyperexcitability. in this report, we show that sk3 channels are expressed in denervated skeletal muscle and in l6 cells. action potentials evoked from normal innervated rat skeletal muscle did not exhibit an afterhyperpolarization ... | 1999 | 10366228 |
| [effect of beta-carotene oil and bee pollen on ion transport in rat brain slices following radiation-chemical exposure]. | chronic combined exposure to ionizing radiation with dose of 0.25 gy and cadmium chloride or atrazine to be present in drinking water at five-fold limited permissible concentration (lpc) values led to the additively reduced intercellular k+ level in rat brain, that was at first choice caused by the active ion transport disorders in the case of irradiation, and by the changes in membrane permeability in the case of toxic loading. applying of beta-carotene oil and bee pollen both abolished radiati ... | 1999 | 10366967 |
| the nucleotide sequence of sacbrood virus of the honey bee: an insect picorna-like virus. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of sacbrood virus (sbv), which causes a fatal infection of honey bee larvae. the genomic rna of sbv is longer than that of typical mammalian picornaviruses (8832 nucleotides) and contains a single, large open reading frame (179-8752) encoding a polyprotein of 2858 amino acids. sequence comparison with other virus polyproteins revealed regions of similarity to characterized helicase, protease and rna-dependent rna polymerase domains; structural genes wer ... | 1999 | 10374974 |
| identification and characterization of a putative sevenless homologue in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | tyrosine kinase sequences were identified and characterized in anopheles gambiae, the major vector of malaria in subsaharan africa. one of these sequences has the characteristics expected for a homologue of the drosophila sevenless gene, which is necessary for r7 photoreceptor cell fate determination in the developing compound eye. the putative anopheles sevenless gene homologue is located in a telomeric region of the x chromosome and is expressed in the head of late larval and pupal stage mosqu ... | 1999 | 10380111 |
| neopterin: a review. | neopterin was discovered in bee larvae, in worker bees and in royal jelly. the compound was termed "neopterin" to denote that it might start a new (greek, neo) epoch in pteridine research. increased concentrations of neopterin were reported in patients with viral infections, suggesting that increased neopterin may originate from the immune response of patients to the infections. in vitro studies revealed that human monocytes/macrophages produce neopterin when stimulated by interferon-gamma. neop ... | 1999 | 10389633 |
| salt-resistant alpha-helical cationic antimicrobial peptides. | analogues based on the insect cecropin-bee melittin hybrid peptide (ceme) were studied and analyzed for activity and salt resistance. the new variants were designed to have an increase in amphipathic alpha-helical content (cp29 and cp26) and in overall positive charge (cp26). the alpha-helicity of these peptides was demonstrated by circular dichroism spectroscopy in the presence of liposomes. cp29 was shown to have activity against gram-negative bacteria that was similar to or better than those ... | 1999 | 10390200 |
| characteristics of the interaction of melittin with sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. | addition of an amphipathic bee venom peptide, melittin, to sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) vesicles isolated from rabbit skeletal muscles resulted in a fast (<1 min) blue shift in the fluorescence maximum of the melittin--sr membrane complex. over the following 45 min the position of the fluorescence maximum did not change, but the fluorescence intensity of the melittin--sr membrane complex decreased by approximately 35% with rate constant 0.14 min-1. melittin rapidly quenched the isotropic signal i ... | 1999 | 10395987 |
| coevolution while you wait: varroa jacobsoni, a new parasite of western honeybees. | the mite varroa jacobsoni is a brood parasite of the asian hive bee, apis cerana. the recent switch in host from a. cerana to the western honeybee, apis mellifera, offers an exceptional opportunity for studying preadaptation and host-parasite relations. the fact that this host shift appears to have happened on at least two separate occasions, with differing outcomes, must be unique. at another level, the rapacious spread of this mite throughout the world is testimony to the ineffectiveness of in ... | 1999 | 10407428 |
| primary structure and properties of the cathepsin g/chymotrypsin inhibitor from the larval hemolymph of apis mellifera. | a member of the ascaris inhibitor family exhibiting anti-cathepsin g and anti-chymotrypsin activity was purified from the larval hemolymph of the honey bee (apis mellifera). three forms of the inhibitor, designated amci 1-3, were isolated using gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatographies followed by reverse-phase hplc. the amino-acid analyses indicated that amci-1 and amci-2 have an identical composition whereas amci-3 is shorter by two residues (thr, arg). all three forms contain as many ... | 1999 | 10411628 |
| [cutaneous loxoscelism with edematous predominance]. | loxoscelism is the clinical condition produced by the venom of spiders belonging to the genus loxosceles. human cases of loxoscelism have been observed in diverse countries of different continents in temperate and tropical regions. in chile loxoscelism is caused by loxosceles laeta, spider with domestic habits. loxoscelism can be observed into two well definited clinical variants: cutaneous loxoscelism (cl) and systemic or viscerocutaneous loxoscelism (vcl) which occur in around 83.3 and 16.7% c ... | 1998 | 10413884 |
| phytochemical evidence for the plant origin of brazilian propolis from são paulo state. | propolis and plant secretions from three species, most frequently mentioned as botanical sources of the bee glue in brazil (baccharis dracunculifolia, araucaria angustifolia and eucalyptus citriodora) have been investigated using gc-ms. based on chemical evidence, b. dracunculifolia was shown to be the main propolis source in são paulo state. the antibacterial and antifungal activities of all four materials were also tested, the most active being propolis and baccharis leaf exudate. | 1999 | 10431391 |
| epidemiological study of the prevalence of allergic reactions to hymenoptera in a rural population in the mediterranean area. | systemic allergic reactions to hymenoptera venom occur in a percentage that varies from 0.4 to 3.3%. epidemiological studies indicate that from 15 to 25% of the general population can be sensitized to different hymenoptera venom as well as the fact that the degree of exposure may be related to the prevalence found in those studies. | 1999 | 10457110 |
| effect of apis mellifera propolis from two brazilian regions on caries development in desalivated rats. | the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of apis mellifera propolis collected from two regions of brazil on caries development in desalivated rats. ethanolic extracts of propolis (eep) were prepared from crude propolis samples collected in minas gerais state (mg), southeastern brazil, and rio grande do sul state (rs), southern brazil. the flavonoid composition of eep was analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid c ... | 1999 | 10460964 |
| studies on the measurement of phospholipase a2 (pla2) and pla2 inhibitor activities in ram semen. | extraction with tris-citrate or tris-nacl-egta improved the yield of phospholipase a2 (pla2) from ram semen by 40-50 fold over the previously recommended method of extraction by dilute (0.18 n) sulphuric acid. the enzyme activity in the citrate extract deteriorated more rapidly than in tris-nacl-egta. the semen pla2 activity was optimum at ph 8.0, heat sensitive at 70 degrees c for 30 min, activated by ca2+ (although approximately 60% activity was also found in the absence of calcium) and did no ... | 1999 | 10463398 |
| expression and purification of a secreted functional mouse/human chimaeric antibody against bacterial endotoxin in baculovirus-infected insect cells. | we have created a mouse/human chimaeric antibody by taking antigen-binding fragment (fab) genes of a mouse antibody-producing hybridoma with specificity for bacterial endotoxin and joining them to human ig crystallizing-fragment (fc) genes using recombinant dna techniques. this chimaeric antibody has been expressed in sf21 and high fivetrade mark (bti-tn-5b1-4) insect cells using the baculovirus expression system, which may allow the mass production of secretory recombinant antibodies. this was ... | 1999 | 10467120 |
| topically applied water extract of propolis to suppress corneal neovascularization in rabbits. | propolis, a natural honey bee hive product, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. we aimed to assess the possible contribution of topically applied propolis to the suppression of corneal neovascularization (cnv). | 1999 | 10474071 |