| eosinophilic pleocytosis and myelitis related to toxocara canis infection. | toxocara canis causes the visceral larva migrans syndrome in which central nervous involvement is rare. we report the case of a 40-year-old woman presenting with a subacute weakness of the right leg and dysaesthesiae in the right th8-th10 dermatomas. spinal magnetic resonance imaging examination showed abnormal hyperintensity within the spinal cord. cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed eosinophilic pleocytosis. antibody titres to toxocara canis were higher in the cerebrospinal fluid than in the ... | 2000 | 11136359 |
| improved methods for recovering eggs of toxocara canis from soil. | the ingestion of soil in parks and public places containing eggs of toxocara may constitute a significant health risk, particularly to children. to determine the most efficient method for extracting eggs from experimentally contaminated soil, two consecutive studies were undertaken. four techniques, including washing, sieving, vacuum, and the one recommended by the world health organization, were evaluated. recovery rates of over 85% were recorded with both washing and sieving methods. using the ... | 2000 | 11138025 |
| five cases of ocular toxocariasis confirmed by serology. | we report 5 cases of ocular toxocariasis in korean adults complaining of visual impairment along with floating or bubbling sensation. fundoscopic examination revealed a retinal detachment along with exudate in 4 cases. they all showed typical reaction by elisa and immunoblot against toxocra excretory-secretory antigen. one case showed high level of anti-toxocara ige antibodies (34,000 toxocara units/l) as well as increased level of serum total ige antibodies and the specific ige antibodies for 3 ... | 2000 | 11138321 |
| [ocular toxocariasis. value of local immunodiagnosis]. | toxocara canis is a nematode that may be involved in human ocular toxocariasis. specific immunotesting is of importance but may be negative as toxocara antigens may localize exclusively in vitreous humor. we report here the case of one patient with optic disc toxocariasis granuloma negative for toxocara canis immunodiagnostic on serum. clinical diagnosis was confirmed by toxocara canis specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) on aqueous humor showing elevated titers of antibodies. syst ... | 2000 | 11139695 |
| [toxocara and bronchial hyperreactivity--results of a seroprevalence study]. | for more than 30 years the ascarid toxocara canis, a parasite of the dog, has been considered a possible cause of allergic-pulmonal irritations (i.e. asthma bronchial) in man. according to a british study thousands of people are presumably suffering from asthma bronchial as a consequence of toxocara infestations. the aim of our recent study was the assessment of the toxocara seroprevalence in patients of varying bronchial reactivity and status of atopy suffering from respiratory disturbances. 19 ... | 2000 | 11144007 |
| toxocara: dogwalking and playing fields. | | 2001 | 11157455 |
| toxocara canis: determination of the origin of antigenic materials released from infective larvae. | indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) revealed antigenic focal areas in the brain tissues of mice infected by toxocara canis as determined by the light, electron and fluorescent microscopic examination of the infective larvae. the oesophageal gland was well defined and its secretory activity was evident. the oral orifice and the lumen of oesophagus were strongly fluorescing by using anti es serum. these indicate the antigenic property of oesophageal gland secretion. intestine appeared to be ... | 2000 | 11198365 |
| immunological and hematological response in experimental toxocara canis-infected pigs. | the relationship between the immunological and hematological response to infection was studied in pigs inoculated experimentally with toxocara canis. two groups of four pigs were infected with doses of 1000 and 2000 infective eggs, respectively. two uninfected animals were used as negative controls. blood samples were collected from each pig once a week. serological examination by elisa to determine antibody levels against t. canis l2/l3 excretory-secretory (es) antigens showed values higher tha ... | 2001 | 11230919 |
| influence of mouse strain, infective dose and larval burden in the brain on activity in toxocara-infected mice. | outbred laca mice and inbred nih mice were administered low (100 ova), medium (1000 ova), high (3000 ova) and trickle (4x250 ova) doses of toxocara canis ova and the effect of infection on activity was examined with respect to: (i) the dose of ova administered and (ii) the number of larvae recovered from the brain. larval recovery from the brain was significantly reduced in nih mice compared to laca mice for the 1000, 3000 and trickle doses. mice from each strain were divided into larval intensi ... | 2001 | 11316469 |
| relationship between three intensity levels of toxocara canis larvae in the brain and effects on exploration, anxiety, learning and memory in the murine host. | outbred laca mice were administered low (100 ova), medium (1000 ova), high (3000 ova) and trickle (4x250 ova) doses of toxocara canis ova and the effect of infection was examined with respect to the number of larvae recovered from the brain and their behaviour. recovery of larvae from the brain was generally low with the % recovery expressed in terms of the total dose administered being highest for the 3000 dose (6.1%) and 1000 dose (6%), followed by the 100 (4.4%) and trickle (3.5%) doses. the ... | 2001 | 11316470 |
| specific detection of neospora caninum oocysts in fecal samples from experimentally-infected dogs using the polymerase chain reaction. | neospora caninum oocysts, passed in the feces of a definitive host (dog), were isolated, and genomic dna was extracted. a polymerase cahin reaction (pcr) targeting the n. caninum-specific nc 5 genomic sequence was performed using the isolated dna. a synthesized competitor molecule containing part of the nc 5 sequence was included in the assay as a check against false-negative pcr results and to quantify n. caninum oocyst dna in fecal samples. a standard curve of the ratio of fluorescence intensi ... | 2001 | 11318571 |
| [diagnosis of the early phase of larval toxocariasis using igg avidity]. | the term avidity used to express the strength of the bond between a serum specimen and a multivalent antigen. it is known that the avidity increases with time after antibody challenge and measurement of the avidity has been used diagnostically. recently an assay measuring the igg avidity of various virus infections and of toxoplasmosis was used to distinguish between acute and chronic infection. our study was focused on the method to distinguish acute and chronic toxocara infection, zoonosis cau ... | 2001 | 11329729 |
| [loffler's fibroblastic endocarditis. a report of a case complicating toxocarosis]. | the authors report a case of löffler's fibroblastic endocarditis complicating a toxocarosis infection. parasitic infestation with toxocara canis is usually asymptomatic, but this was a very rare observation of cerebral involvement associated with symptomatic löffler's endocarditis. this is an unusual form of restrictive cardiac disease constantly accompanied by prolonged hypereosinophilia. in addition to the classical signs of cardiac failure, an acute febrile illness imitating a connective tiss ... | 2001 | 11338259 |
| [environmental contamination with toxocara sp. eggs in public squares and parks from santiago, chile, 1999]. | most of cases of visceral larva migrans syndrome are caused by toxocara canis larvae. man acquires the infection by accidental ingestion of ripe eggs of the helminth. in order to find out the frequency of the presence of toxocara sp. eggs in dog fecal specimens from public places of santiago city in 1999 july-september a study was carried out in 84 squares and 12 parks from 32 counties. three fecal samples were collected in each of these places, making a total of 288. each sample was processed a ... | 2000 | 11338980 |
| ascaris suum-derived products induce human neutrophil activation via a g protein-coupled receptor that interacts with the interleukin-8 receptor pathway. | infection with tissue-migrating helminths is frequently associated with intense granulocyte infiltrations. several host-derived factors are known to mediate granulocyte recruitment to the tissues, but less attention has been paid to how parasite-derived products trigger this process. parasite-derived chemotactic factors which selectively recruit granulocytes have been described, but nothing is known about which cellular receptors respond to these agents. the effect of products from the nematodes ... | 2001 | 11349070 |
| [exposure to toxocariasis and tularemia among workers at białowieza national park]. | everyday contact of the workers of białowieza sanctuary with animals may create a risk of infection by microorganisms attacking animals. the reported study was undertaken for carrying out an epidemiological analysis of tularemia and toxocarosis in this group of workers. tularaemia infection was not found in then. in 12% of these workers antibodies to toxocara canis were found, and fire workers had articular borreliosis. antibodies to taxocara were disclosed in 10% of the białowieza population no ... | 2000 | 11349600 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs in some urban and rural areas of hungary. | a total of 490 canine faecal specimens collected in the eastern and northern regions of hungary were examined for helminth eggs. from the results it appears that more than 50% of the dogs were infected with at least one parasite species. the prevalence of eggs (%) in the two regions was as follows: toxocara canis (24.3-30.1); trichuris vulpis (20.4-23.3); ancylostomatidae (8.1-13.1); capillaria spp. (0-7.3); toxascaris leonina (2.1-0); taenia-type (2.8-2.4); dipylidium caninum (0.4-1); coccidia ... | 2001 | 11361108 |
| isotype specific immune responses in murine experimental toxocariasis. | in this work, a murine experimental model of toxocariasis has been developed in balb/c, c57bl/10 and c3h murine strains orally inoculated with 4,000 toxocara canis embryonated eggs, in order to investigate the isotype-specific immune responses against excretory-secretory antigens from larvae. t. canis specific igg+m, igm, igg, iga, igg1, igg2a and igg3 were tested by elisa. the dynamics of the specific immunoglobulins (igg+igm) production showed a contrasting profile regarding the murine strain. ... | 2001 | 11391430 |
| [incidence of antibody detection against toxocara canis and clinical symptoms in inhabitants of north-eastern poland]. | the purpose of this work was to evaluate the the level of exposition of humans on toxocara eggs in north eastern poland on a base of serological tests and epidemiological and clinical data. 1025 inhabitants of north eastern region of poland were examine to detect antibodies against toxocara antigens. 214 (20.7%) showed presence of antibodies against toxocara. they were mostly males (71%) and country inhabitants (58.9%). no abnormalities in laboratory tests were found among these people. some of ... | 2001 | 11398519 |
| recombinant dissection of myosin heavy chain of toxocara canis shows strong clustering of antigenic regions. | myosins from nematode parasites elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses and have been investigated as vaccine candidates. in this study we cloned and sequenced a cdna coding for myosin heavy chain from toxocara canis, a nematode parasite of canids which may also infect humans and cause various unspecific symptoms. to determine the major antigenic regions the myosin heavy chain was systematically dissected into ten overlapping recombinant fusion polypeptides which were purified by met ... | 2001 | 11403381 |
| suppression of macrophage interleukin-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in mice infected with toxocara canis. | toxocara canis induces a predominantly th2 type response with enhanced amounts of interleukin (il)-4 and reduced amounts of interferon (ifn)-gamma in infected mice. in this study, we investigated the macrophage function of t. canis-infected mice from the standpoint of cytokine production. c3h/hen mice were infected with t. canis by oral administration of embryonated eggs. ten days after infection, macrophages were obtained from spleen and peritoneal cavity, were cultured with lipopolysaccharide, ... | 2001 | 11412383 |
| characterization of two monoclonal antibodies raised in btk(xid) mice that recognize phosphorylcholine-bearing antigens from trichinella and other helminths. | this study investigated the binding properties of two monoclonal antibodies (mabs us1 and us2) raised in (cba/n x balb/c)f1 (nbf1) btk(xid) male mice. both mabs show unusual specificity for phosphorylcholine (pc)-containing tsl4 antigens of trichinella. specifically, and in contrast to mabs raised in normal mice, us1 and us2 mabs do not bind to artificial pc-protein conjugates and are not inhibited by either free pc or nppc, although us2 was partially inhibited by nppc at high concentration (10( ... | 2001 | 11412384 |
| a cdna encoding tc-muc-5, a mucin from toxocara canis larvae identified by expression screening. | toxocara canis is an ascarid nematode parasite of canids. larvae infect a wide range of accidental hosts including humans, in whom they are the aetiologic agent of visceral and ocular larva migrans. the labile surface coat of t. canis larvae consists of a family of mucin glycoproteins termed tes-120, for which the cdnas have recently been cloned. in this paper, we describe the identification of a novel cdna (tc-muc-5) encoding an apomucin by expression screening of a cdna library with antiserum ... | 2001 | 11412804 |
| toxocara malaysiensis n. sp. (nematoda: ascaridoidea) from the domestic cat (felis catus linnaeus, 1758). | toxocara malaysiensis n. sp. from the small intestine of the domestic cat (felis catus l.) in malaysia is described and illustrated. this ascaridoid nematode was previously assumed to be toxocara canis, which it superficially resembles, or designated toxocara sp. cf. canis. the new species differs from t. canis in the shape of the cervical alae in cross section, spicule length, and the lip structure. it is also distinct from other species assigned to toxocara. | 2001 | 11426732 |
| treatment of ocular toxocariasis with albendazole. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combined albendazole and steroid treatment for uveitis caused by toxocara canis in immunocompetent patients. five patients (7 eyes) with ocular larva migrans syndrome (olm) were used in this study. toxocariasis was suspected based on clinical manifestations and confirmed by anti-toxocara igg and western blot analysis. systemic albendazole (adults: 800 mg b.i.d.; children: 400 mg b.i.d.) was given in conjunction with steroids. visual acuit ... | 2001 | 11436948 |
| possible presence of common tyvelose-containing glycans in trichinella l1 larvae and embryonated eggs of several nematodes. | a monoclonal antibody (mab us4) recognising an epitope containing tyvelose within the t. spiralis l-1 muscle larvae (tsl-1) antigens was tested in western-blot against various antigenic preparations from different stages of the following nematodes: t. spiralis (l1, adult), t. muris (egg, l1, l3, adult), ascaris suum (egg, adult), toxocara canis (egg, adult), anisakis simplex (l3) and haemochus contortus (egg). positive reaction was present in antigen preparations from l1 larvae of t. spiralis an ... | 2001 | 11484333 |
| [helminth findings in indigenous raccoon dogs nyctereutes procyonoides (gray, 1843)]. | internal organs of 74 racoon dogs originating from the eastern districts of the federal land brandenburg were subjected to a complete helminthological dissection. in addition, samples of diaphragma muscles from 46 further animals were examined for trichinella larvae. altogether 3 trematode- (alaria alata, isthmiophora melis, metorchis bilis), 3 cestode- (mesocestoides sp., echinococcus multilocularis, taenia polyacantha) and 7 nematode species (capillaria aerophila, c. plica, trichinella spirali ... | 2001 | 11505800 |
| the epidemiology of ocular toxocariasis. | ocular toxocariasis damages vision and may cause blindness. it is a relatively 'new' disease, the histological changes having been described in 1950 and the causative organism identified in 1956. many aspects of the epidemiology of toxocariasis are unclear. it is generally accepted that the usual route of entry to the eye is via the blood stream. once the eye is invaded characteristic changes are produced with comparative sparing of the anterior segment. species differences in susceptibility can ... | 2001 | 11520433 |
| animal models in ocular toxocariasis. | ocular toxocariasis is a clearly defined disease. however, much remains to be learned concerning the migratory route, ocular changes, diagnosis and treatment. studies in paratenic hosts have contributed to our understanding and will yield more information. various experimental animals have been used, such as mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, primates, hamsters and gerbils. of these, the last appear to be the most appropriate model due to their high susceptibility to ocular infection. results obtained ... | 2001 | 11520434 |
| toxocara in the mouse: a model for parasite-altered host behaviour? | the objective of this paper is to critically evaluate the significance of parasite-altered host behaviour in the toxocara mouse model particularly in the light of the manipulation hypothesis. murine behaviours were examined in both outbred and inbred strains of mice infected with different doses of toxocara canis ova. behaviours investigated included activity, exploration, response to novelty, anxiety, learning, memory and social behaviour. subsequent modifications to the behaviour of infected m ... | 2001 | 11520435 |
| a comparative study of toxocariasis and allergic asthma in murine models. | histopathology of the lung and total ige in serum were compared in toxocariasis and allergic asthma murine models using balb/c and c57bl/6 mice. infection with toxocara canis resulted in both strains of mice in marked histological changes and increased levels of total serum ige. the ovalbumin (ova) sensitization/challenge treatment for the induction of allergic asthma resulted in similar histological changes in balb/c and, to a less extent, in c57bl/6 mice. serum ige levels of ova-treated c57bl/ ... | 2001 | 11520436 |
| treatment of toxocara canis infections in mice with liposome-incorporated benzimidazole carbamates and immunomodulator glucan. | benzimidazole carbamates (mebendazole, albendazole and fenbendazole) are the most commonly used anthelmintic drugs for the treatment of larval toxocariasis (toxocara canis) in paratenic hosts. however, the bioavailability of these drugs for tissues is very low due to their extremely low solubility, resulting in the administration of relatively high doses over a long period. to overcome this problem, neutral, negatively or positively charged and stabilized liposome drug carriers were examined in ... | 2001 | 11520437 |
| prevalence of species of toxocara in dogs, cats and red foxes from the poznan region, poland. | the prevalence of toxocariasis was evaluated for 445 dogs, 105 cats and 92 foxes from the poznan region during 1997-1998. forty one cats were infected (39%), 140 dogs (32%) and 15 red foxes (16%). toxocara canis was found most frequently in puppies up to 3 months old (58%) and t. cati in kittens 4-6 months old (64%). toxocariasis was much more prevalent amongst adult foxes (14%) than adult dogs (3%). in contrast to cats, female dogs and foxes were less infected than males. the present study sugg ... | 2001 | 11520439 |
| fecundity and egg output by toxocara canis in the red fox, vulpes vulpes. | the role of the red fox vulpes vulpes in the dissemination of eggs of toxocara canis into the environment is considered with reference to female worm fecundity and egg output in the faeces of infected foxes collected from four localities in southern england. a significant positive correlation was found between female worm size and the number of eggs in the uterus but there was no significant relationship between t. canis worm numbers and egg output in fox faeces. reliable estimates of worm burde ... | 2001 | 11520440 |
| the influence of inoculum size and time post-infection on the number and position of toxocara canis larvae recovered from the brains of outbred cd1 mice. | outbred cd1 mice were administered doses of 1000 and 3000 toxocara canis eggs and postmortem took place on days 7, 42 and 120 post-infection. mice were killed by cervical dislocation and brains were sagitally bisected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin prior to histological preparation and examination. the number of t. canis larvae were counted per brain and per section and the number of larvae cited for the first time per section were also recorded. these observations were compared by d ... | 2001 | 11520443 |
| helminths in the wolf, canis lupus, from north-western spain. | fifteen helminth species were collected from 47 wolves (canis lupus ) which were surveyed from 1993 to 1999 in northwestern spain. these included the trematode alaria alata (2.1%); the cestodes taenia hydatigena (44.7%), t. multiceps (29.8%), t. serialis (2.1%), dipylidium caninum (6.4%) and mesocestoides sp. aff. litteratus (4.2%); and the nematodes pearsonema plica (7.4%), trichuris vulpis (10.6%), trichinella britovi (12.8%), ancylostoma caninum (8.5%), uncinaria stenocephala (51.1%), toxocar ... | 2001 | 11520444 |
| [toxocariasis in an adult manifested as hypereosinophilic syndrome with predominant neurological involvement. clinical case]. | hypereosinophilic syndrome is characterized by persistent hypereosinophilia and signs or symptoms due to organ involvement, specially nervous system, heart and skin. it can be primary or secondary to allergies, parasites or cancer. toxocariasis is an uncommon parasitic disease in adults. there is a variant, called visceral larva migrans, that can involve different organs, and among those, the central nervous system. we report a 61 years old male, with a cerebrovascular disease. there were focali ... | 2001 | 11552447 |
| purification of anisakis simplex antigen by affinity chromatography. | in order to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the techniques for the diagnosis of human anisakidosis, a method of affinity chromatography for the purification of species-specific antigens from anisakis simplex third-stage larvae (l3) has been developed. new zealand rabbits were immunized with a. simplex or ascaris suum antigens or inoculated with toxocara canis embryonated eggs. the igg-specific antibodies were isolated by means of protein a-sepharose cl-4b bead columns. igg anti-anisak ... | 2001 | 11570559 |
| helminths in dogs belonging to people in a resource-limited urban community in gauteng, south africa. | one hundred and sixty-four faecal samples, 148 adhesive tape swabs and 132 blood samples were collected from dogs in boksburg, gauteng, to assess the prevalence of helminth parasites in the area. sixty-nine of these dogs were also necropsied and helminths recovered from the gastro-intestinal tracts. ancylostoma caninum was the most common helminth and was present in 88% of the dogs, followed by dipylidium caninum in 39% of dogs, toxocara canis in 36%, ancylostoma braziliense in 20%, spirocerca l ... | 2001 | 11585088 |
| allogeneic bone marrow transplantation-mediated transfer of specific immunity against toxocara canis associated with excessive ige. | a girl with myelodysplastic syndrome (raeb-t) received hla-identical bone marrow from her younger brother after myeloablative treatment with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. after bone marrow transplantation, fever, exanthema, pruritus, and a pulmonary infiltrate were treated symptomatically. bacterial cultures remained negative. leukocyte engraftment began on day 10, and all blood cell populations proved to be of donor origin on fish analysis. increasing ige levels (21 000 u/ml) on day 14 after b ... | 2001 | 11593327 |
| application of western blotting procedure for the immunodiagnosis of visceral larva migrans in mice by using excretory/secretory antigens. | a western blotting procedure with excretory/secretory antigens from toxocara canis larvae was developed for immunodiagnosis of visceral larva migrans in mice. in this study, eighty swiss albino mice were allotted into two groups of 40 each as control and experimental groups, and t. canis ova containing infective larvae were given to mice in the latter group to form visceral larva migrans. blood samples were taken from 5 infected and 5 control mice on days 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 after ... | 2001 | 11599442 |
| natural antibodies to nematode biotinyl-enzymes in human sera. | biotinyl-enzymes are conservative molecules present in helminths, as well as in other animals, bacteria and plants. they have recently been found to be antigenic in mice, and a potential source of cross-reactivity among helminths. this study investigated the presence in human sera of antibodies reactive with biotinyl-enzymes from the nematodes anisakis simplex, toxocara canis and ascaris suum. biotinyl-enzymes from all these nematodes were recognized by igg1 antibodies in sera from healthy subje ... | 2001 | 11599787 |
| [carnivorous ascaridata in belarus and their medical significance]. | long-term (1980-1998) helminthological animal surveys in southern belarus (polesye) revealed 4 types of worms of the suborder ascaridata of medical significance: ascaris (= baylisascaris) devosi (sprent, 1952), toxascaris leonina (linstow, 1902), toxocara canis (werner, 1782) and t. cati (schrank, 1788). the host of the first worm are nartens (8 species) and the latter 3 ones are canine and feline families (4 and 2 species, respectively). emphasis is laid on the fact that in belarus there is a r ... | 2001 | 11680373 |
| eosinophilic granuloma of the liver: a characteristic lesion with relationship to visceral larva migrans. | children with the clinical syndrome of visceral larva migrans as a result of toxocara species have typical lesions in the liver and other viscera, consisting of palisading granulomas that contain numerous eosinophils and often charcot-leyden crystals; recognizable parasites are uncommon. similar eosinophilic granulomas that are found incidentally in adults often cause diagnostic problems. to define better the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of these lesions, we reviewed 43 cases of ... | 2001 | 11688468 |
| eosinophil cationic protein as a possible marker of active human toxocara infection. | human toxocariasis is a common, worldwide helminthozoonosis that may elicit syndromes including various allergy symptoms. the diagnosis relies upon specific serology. however, this parasitosis is often self-limiting, and many subjects have residual antibodies, thus making differential diagnosis quite difficult when blood eosinophilia, a commonly accepted criterion of active helminthiasis due to tissue-dwelling parasites, is lacking. | 2001 | 11703226 |
| severe hepatic involvement in visceral larva migrans. | because of its anatomical position, the liver may be involved in many protozoan and helminthic gastrointestinal infections. visceral larva migrans caused by toxocara canis is rarely taken into account in adult patients with cholestatic syndrome, especially when liver disease is not associated with hypereosinophilic reaction. we report on a 74-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with fever, bronchospasm, erythema nodosum, weight loss and progressive jaundice. a liver biopsy showed caseat ... | 2001 | 11711784 |
| the measurement of parasite antigen-specific ige levels using anti-ige monoclonal antibodies and biotinylated antigens. | we studied and evaluated an elisa system, using a sandwich method with a monoclonal antibody against the fc domain of ige molecules and biotinylated antigens, to detect parasite antigen-specific ige quantitatively. the specific ige elisa titre increases linearly in a dose-dependent manner when the concentration of total ige in samples is less than 2,000 ng/ml. sera from ige-deficient sja/9 mice infected with trichinella spiralis failed to give any measurable ige, suggesting that other classes of ... | 2001 | 11728016 |
| nematode infections of the eye: toxocariasis and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. | in many parts of the world, parasitic infections of the eye are a major cause of blindness. the parasites toxocara canis, onchocerca volvulus, taenia solium, ancylostoma caninum, and cysticercus celulosae all have been responsible for blinding ocular infections. the nematodes t. canis and toxocara cati are parasitic roundworms that infect dogs (toxocarosis), other canidae, and cats. ocular toxocariasis is an uncommon worldwide infection caused by the nematode larvae of t. canis, commonly found i ... | 2001 | 11734685 |
| biological interaction between soil fungi and toxocara canis eggs. | fungi from the soil of public areas in la plata, argentina were isolated and evaluated for their biological interaction with toxocara canis eggs in vitro. we isolated and identified two fungal species: fusarium pallidoroseum and mucor hiemalis. each species was co-cultured with t. canis eggs in sterile distilled water. the samples were observed by light and scanning electron microscopy (sem) at days 4, 7 and 14 post-inoculation. under the conditions of our experiments, f. pallidoroseum exhibited ... | 2002 | 11750118 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from são paulo state, brazil. | the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs, and dogs with owners was investigated by fecal examinations from 271 dogs employing sedimentation, simple flotation and centrifugation-flotation methods. the centrifugation-flotation method, when compared to simple flotation or sedimentation methods was generally more accurate in the diagnosis of all intestinal parasites, but statistical differences were detected only in relation to giardia spp. and cystoisospora spp. (synonym isospora ... | 2002 | 11750997 |
| red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in ireland as hosts for parasites of potential zoonotic and veterinary significance. | intestinal washes, faecal flotations and serological examinations for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum were used to assess the prevalence of parasites in carcases of foxes killed on roads or shot in the dublin area and surrounding counties. the ascarids uncinaria stenocephala and toxocara canis were prevalent, as was the trematode alaria alata. taenia species, eggs of capillaria species and sporocysts of sarcocystis species were also found. only one fox out of 70 examined was ... | 2001 | 11808662 |
| [toxocariasis]. | a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis: toxocariasis is a widespread native parasitosis. it is due to the presence of toxocara-type nematode larvae in the organism, that is at the origin of various clinical pictures. transmitted by dogs and more rarely by cats, contamination occurs by ingestion of embryos deposited on the ground (animal excrements). multiple clinical forms: the clinical forms are non-specific but frequent and varied (neurological, ophthalmologic, pulmonary, cutaneous and sometimes rh ... | 2001 | 11819925 |
| aberrant toxocara canis in a red fox. | during necropsy of a red fox (vulpes vulpes) heart an adult, male toxocara canis was found under the pericardium at the junction of the right ventricle and right atrium. the life cycle of t. canis is complex and includes tracheal and somatic migrations of larvae, and they can be found in many tissues throughout the host's body. however, it is rare for adult ascarids to be recovered outside of the small intestine. this is the first report of an adult t. canis inside the pericardial space. | 2002 | 11838221 |
| larval toxocarosis in sheep: the immunohistochemical characterization of lesions in some affected organs. | morphological and immunohistochemical responses of lambs following oral infection with 10,000 infective toxocara canis (t. canis) eggs were studied up to 28 days post-infection (pi). the small intestine, liver, lungs and brain of both infected and control lambs were examined using the routine histological methods for paraffin sections and immunohistochemical techniques for frozen tissue sections. eosinophil-rich hepatic granulomas and diffuse t. canis-induced pulmonary inflammation were the most ... | 2002 | 11934460 |
| epilepsy, cysticercosis, and toxocariasis: a population-based case-control study in rural bolivia. | to assess the relationship between epilepsy and infection with taenia solium and toxocara canis with a case-control study, in the rural area of the cordillera province, bolivia. | 2002 | 11971095 |
| [pars plana vitrectomy in treatment of ocular toxocariasis complications--case report]. | ocular toxocariasis in adults may cause serious diagnostic and therapeutic problems. we describe a case of a 54-year-old farmer who developed peripheral granuloma with dense connective tissue strands joined to the disc. the diagnosis was confirmed by high elisa titers in the serum and vitreous body. we performed pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane removal and laser photocoagulation of the inferior retina, obtaining improvement of visual acuity. after a few weeks the patient returned w ... | 2001 | 11975023 |
| [toxocara canis meningoradiculitis]. | various neurological pictures attributed to human toxocariasis are sparsely reported in the literature. a case of toxocaral infection presenting as meningoradiculitis is described herewith. etiological diagnosis was oriented by the finding of an eosinophilia in the spinal fluid, then confirmed by the result of the immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis from both serum and spinal fluid. | 2002 | 11976596 |
| fenbendazole treatment of pregnant bitches to reduce prenatal and lactogenic infections of toxocara canis and ancylostoma caninum in pups. | a granulated formulation of fenbendazole was tested in a total of 23 treated and control, pregnant, parasite-free beagle bitches experimentally infected with toxocara canis and ancylostoma caninum. the drug was administered to each treated bitch once daily in canned dog food at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight. each of 2 treatment regimens tested was initiated on the 40th day of pregnancy. one regimen involved daily treatment continuing through the 14th postpartum day, and it resulted in 89% few ... | 1983 | 12002591 |
| evaluation by elisa of anisakis simplex larval antigen purified by affinity chromatography. | in order to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the techniques for the human anisakidosis diagnosis, a method of affinity chromatography for the purification of species-specific antigens from anisakis simplex third-stage larvae (l3) has been developed. new zealand rabbits were immunized with a. simplex or ascaris suum antigens or inoculated with toxocara canis embryonated eggs. the igg specific antibodies were isolated by means of protein a-sepharose cl-4b beads columns. igg anti-a. simpl ... | 2002 | 12016451 |
| hepatic involvement of visceral larva migrans due to toxocara canis: a case report--ct and mr findings. | imaging findings of hepatic lesions of visceral larva migrans are reported. a 44-year-old man presented with chills, eruptions, marked leukocytosis (31,400/microlitter), and eosinophilia (eosinophil, 72%). multiple liver nodules were detected as low-density lesions on computed tomography (ct). they were visualized as high signal intensity lesions on t2-weighted, and as low signal intensity lesions on t1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (mri). the patient was diagnosed as having visceral larva ... | 2002 | 12041704 |
| [the ocular form of larval toxocariasis in the czech republic]. | the damage of the eye is one of the clinical syndromes of the toxocara infection, caused by the migration activity of the toxocara canis and toxocara cati larvae. ocular larva migrans (olm) lesions mostly occur unilaterally and frequently are diagnosed as retinoblastoma. the typical symptoms of olm are presented in our publication. the first signs of the ocular infection most often include diminished vision, leukocoria, red eye and strabismus. inflammatory intraocular reaction, caused as a respo ... | 2002 | 12046249 |
| experimental murine toxocariasis larval migration to liver, with a general discussion. | street dogs were collected from mansoura district and sacrificed. toxocara canis worms were extracted from their intestines and females were dissected to collect the uteri ova. maturation of the eggs developed larvae inside after a month. male mice were orally infected with different inocula of these infective eggs (larvae-eggs) and sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 13 & 17 weeks post-infection (p.i.). gross findings showed hepatomegaly, red spots on the surface, irregularity of the surface, yellowis ... | 2002 | 12049258 |
| [cerebral toxocariasis: a rare cause of cognitive disorders. a contribution to differential dementia diagnosis]. | we report on a 65-year-old woman with depressive symptoms and cognitive deficits confirmed by psychometric tests. routine blood tests, serology, eeg, and cranial computed tomography (cct) being normal, the csf revealed an eosinophilic reaction and a positive antibody titre against toxocara canis. after treatment with two oral courses of albendazole, the eosinophils had disappeared, whereas the antibody titre had increased. one year later, the patient's cognitive symptoms had improved, and new an ... | 2002 | 12078025 |
| [manifestations of visceral and ocular symptoms of toxocariasis in a 6-year-old boy]. | in the past 10 years we have examined 137 cases of toxocariasis, predominantly in children. three cases were with unilateral ocular involvement. the article reviews a 6-year-old boy with left side strabismus and granulomatous chorioretinitis. laboratory examinations revealed blood eosinophylia 24% and igg against toxocara canis larvae in titer 1:320 by indirect immunofluorescent assay. in epidemiologic anamnesis we concluded that about 4, 5-year-long geophagia was the source of infection. | 2001 | 12078129 |
| systemic vasculitis with lymphocytic temporal arteritis and toxocara canis infection. | vasculitis associated with helminthic infection is rare. we report a case of systemic negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies vasculitis associated with toxocara canis infection documented by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. this case report is unusual because of lymphocytic temporal arteritis and renal involvement. the spontaneous remission of systemic vasculitis without use of steroids or immunosuppressive agents favors a close relationship between vasculitis ... | 2002 | 12090890 |
| toxocara canis antigens stimulate the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin e2 by rat alveolar macrophages. | the effect of four toxocara canis antigens on nitric oxide (no) and prostaglandin e2 (pge2) synthesis was studied in vitro using rat alveolar macrophages. somatic and excretory/secretory t. canis antigens prepared from adult worms and lii larvae were incubated with rat alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage at concentrations of 0.1-50 microg/ml. both excretory/secretory adult antigen (esa) and somatic lii antigen (slii) stimulate the release of nitrites by alveolar macrophages. ... | 2002 | 12102716 |
| sandwich elisa detection of excretory-secretory antigens of toxocara canis larvae using a specific monoclonal antibody. | we produced a new monoclonal antibody (mab) to the excretory-secretory (es) antigens of toxocara canis larvae. the mab (igg1) reacts specifically with the 120 kda protein of many es molecules and does not have any cross-reactivity with adult t. canis antigens. sandwich elisa to detect the es antigens was performed using the mab and rabbit polyclonal antiserum. the lower limit for the detection of es antigen was 4 ng/ml; assay was proportional within a concentration range of 4 ng/ml to 1 microg/m ... | 2002 | 12118456 |
| chronic eosinophilic pneumonia due to visceral larva migrans. | a 38-year-old woman presented with worsening cough, blood eosinophilia, and pulmonary infiltrates. bronchoalveolar lavage showed 96.4% eosinophils. the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans (vlm) was made based on the positive results in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for toxocara canis together with clinical symptoms and laboratory data. pulmonary infiltrates due to vlm generally manifest as a transient form of löffler's syndrome or simple eosinophilic pneumonia mainly in children. here we rep ... | 2002 | 12135183 |
| the biological activity of aba-1-like protein from ascaris lumbricoides. | the elevation of non-specific ige (total ige) in ascaris infection can be seen one week after infection, and reaches a peak after approximately two weeks. it has been reported that aba-1 protein is the main constituent in the pseudocoelomic fluid of ascaris suum. to investigate the effect of the aba-1-like protein from ascaris lumbricoides (alb), the cdna was cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, using original primers based on the consensus sequences of aba-1 and tba-1, tha ... | 2001 | 12160220 |
| helminths in dogs from a peri-urban resource-limited community in free state province, south africa. | this study focused on the helminth parasites of dogs in the bloemfontein area of the free state province of south africa. samples were collected from 63 stray dogs destined for euthanasia. complete sets of samples, consisting of blood, faeces, adhesive tape swabs and organs (heart, lungs and complete gastro-intestinal tract) from each dog were examined for helminth parasites. dipylidium caninum was the most common helminth, and was recovered from 44% of dogs, followed by taenia spp. (33%), toxas ... | 2002 | 12163245 |
| a serological study of human toxocariasis in north india. | human toxocariasis owing to lodgement of the larvae of toxocara canis in different organs can result in serious clinical syndromes such as visceral larva migrans or ocular larva migrans. detection of an antibody response to toxocara canis excretory-secretory (tes) antigen in serum samples is sensitive and specific for diagnosis and epidemiological surveys. to assess the extent of this problem in northern india, we tested the antibody response to the tes antigen by elisa technique in subjects res ... | 2002 | 12186327 |
| dose-dependent egg excretion in foxes ( vulpes vulpes) after a single infection with toxocara canis eggs. | faecal egg counts were performed daily for a period of 4 months on six silver fox cubs inoculated individually with an egg dose of 30, 100, 300, 1,000, 3,000, or 20,000 toxocara canis eggs. at the lowest and the highest dose levels, the cubs did not develop patent infections. in the remaining cubs, the initial appearance of eggs in the faeces occurred 35-38 days post-infection (dpi), the patency period varied between 8 and 72 days, and the maximal epg ranged from 980 to 5,700 (39-85 dpi). the hi ... | 2002 | 12209336 |
| cardiopulmonary pathology in primary murine toxocariasis. | the cellular infiltration in the 1st week was marked in group iii & ii compared to group i. parts of larvae were encountered more in the group iii than in group i & ii. eosinophilic alveolar exudate was detected more in group iii in subgroups a, b and c, in group ii only in subgroup (a) and not in group i. lobar pneumonia was reported in subgroups a and b, in group iii in subgroup a, in group ii and not in group i. cardiomegaly was reported in 7.1%, 10.7% and 64.2% in group i, ii and iii respect ... | 2002 | 12214923 |
| identification of toxocara canis antigens by western blot in experimentally infected rabbits. | toxocariasis is a frequent helminthiasis that can cause visceral and ocular damage in humans specially in children. the identification of specific antigens of toxocara canis is important in order to develop better diagnostic techniques. ten rabbits were infected orally with a dose of 5000 toxocara canis embryonated eggs. rabbits were bled periodically and an elisa assay was performed to determine levels of specific toxocara igg antibodies. elisa detected antibodies at day 15 after infection. wes ... | 2002 | 12219113 |
| improved detection of endoparasite dna in soil sample pcr by the use of anti-inhibitory substances. | although there have been numerous microbial examinations of soil for the presence of human pathogenic developmental parasite stages of ancylostoma caninum and toxocara canis, molecular techniques (e.g. dna extraction, purification and subsequent pcr) have scarcely been applied. here, dna preparations of soil samples artificially contaminated with genomic dna or parasite eggs were examined by pcr. a. caninum and t. canis-specific primers based on the its-2 sequence were used for amplification. af ... | 2002 | 12237140 |
| myocarditis associated with visceral larva migrans due to toxocara canis. | a 26-year-old man who was diagnosed with myocarditis presented eosinophilia after having eaten raw meat several times before the admission. since the antibody titer against toxocara canis was high, we diagnosed that he had visceral larva migrans due to toxocara canis associated with myocarditis and eosinophilia. he was then treated with oral albendazole and prednisolone for 4 weeks and eosinophil count and hepatic enzymes were normalized along with the decrease in the antibody titer. we consider ... | 2002 | 12322796 |
| [a case of toxocariasis with eosinophil-rich pleural effusion]. | a 68-yr-old man presented with fever, cough, and appetite loss. on admission, clinical examination revealed pleural effusion (with eosinophils accounting for 25% of the cellular component), eosinophilia, and mildly elevated liver enzymes. a diagnosis of toxocariasis was reached on the basis of a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for toxocara canis, and the efficacy of steroid and tiabendazole. typical thoracic involvement of toxocariasis causes cough, wheezing, transient infiltration sh ... | 2002 | 12325335 |
| [toxocariasis - an underestimated problem in paediatrics]. | aspects of toxocara spp. epidemiology and paratenic infestation of children are described. human toxocariasis is caused by infestation of zoonotic roundworms of dogs and cats. soil sampling showes widespread contamination of the environment, particularly parks and playgrounds, with the eggs of toxocara spp. toxocara seroprevelance values in children vary between 3.5% in the west poland and 19% in the south-east poland. children more frequently have clinical symptoms o the disease because of the ... | 2002 | 12426460 |
| efficacy of moxidectin 6-month injectable and milbemycin oxime/lufenuron tablets against naturally acquired toxocara canis infections in dogs. | the efficacy of moxidectin injection (proheart 6 sustained release injectable for dogs, fort dodge animal health) against naturally acquired infections of toxocara canis was compared with that of milbemycin oxime/lufenuron tablets (sentinel flavor tabs, novartis animal health). eighteen dogs with naturally acquired infections of t. canis were ranked by egg counts and randomly assigned to treatment with moxidectin (170 micro g/kg), milbemycin (500 micro g/kg)/lufenuron (10 mg/kg), or to an untrea ... | 2002 | 12447835 |
| in vitro studies on the effects of flubendazole against toxocara canis and ascaris suum. | adult toxocara canis and ascaris suum were incubated in vitro in media containing 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 micro g/ml flubendazole in order to study drug-derived effects. this incubation was done for 8 h and repeated (in some groups) after 24 h for another 8 h. the onset and intensity of flubendazole-derived effects were dosage-dependent and time-dependent, i.e. the same grade of damage was reached when incubating for a longer period at a low dosage or for a shorter period in medium containing a high a ... | 2003 | 12474046 |
| helminth fauna of the red fox (vulpes vulpes linnaeus, 1758) in southern belarus. | we examined 94 carcasses of and 1,213 faecal samples from red foxes collected between 1981 and 2001 in natural and transformed ecosystems in the southern part of belarus. a total of 32 helminth species were found. of these, the most common were alaria alata, pearsonema plica, taenia crassiceps, toxocara canis, trichinella spp. larvae and uncinaria stenocephala. all species are significant for medical and veterinary health. | 2003 | 12474048 |
| inhibitory effect of isoquinoline alkaloids on movement of second-stage larvae of toxocara canis. | to find new anthelmintics against parasites living in host tissues, we used an in vitro assay to screen isoquinoline alkaloids for nematocidal activity on the larva of dog roundworm, toxocara canis. to evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintics in vitro, tsuda et al. previously introduced the concept of relative mobility (rm) of toxocara larvae. after improvement of the assay system using image data processing, we generated a new index, rm(50), the concentration at which rm=50%. however, except for ... | 2002 | 12499659 |
| synthesis of neoglycoproteins containing o-methylated trisaccharides related to excretory/secretory antigens of toxocara larvae. | the disaccharides allyl beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- and alpha-d-galactopyranoside 10a and 10b and the trisaccharides allyl 2-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- and alpha-d-galactopyranoside 18a and 18b have been prepared using stepwise assembly of the sugar units. the glycosidic linkages were formed employing the trichloroacetimidate procedure for the attachment of the galactopyranosyl residue and n-iodos ... | 2003 | 12504379 |
| cross-reactivity between sera from dogs experimentally infected with dirofilaria immitis and crude extract of toxocara canis. | this study was performed to investigate whethere there is cross-reactivity between dirofilaria immitis and three intestinal nematodes of dogs. in elisa, d. immitis-infected dog sera obtained at the 4th molting stage (9-11 weeks) and microfilaremic stage (25-30 weeks) were shown to be highly reactive with crude extract of t. canis. in immunoblotting, some antigenic fractions, 44, 57, 88, 100 kda of crude extract of t. canis, were found to be positive reaction with sera of dogs infected with d. im ... | 2002 | 12509105 |
| ascarid nematodes in domestic and wild terrestrial mammals. | the biology of the ascarid nematodes has been discussed in the context of their important economic role in farm animals, pet animals and zoo animals with special attention to carnivores and primates. in farm animals, infection with the most common roundworm of horses (parascaris equorum) and swine (ascaris suum) depend on many factors such as environmental conditions (larval development in the egg and egg survival), age of the host, breed, husbandry system, hygiene and treatment schedule. the mo ... | 2002 | 12512563 |
| human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the municipality of campinas (sp), brazil. | the occurrence of human toxocara infection was evaluated in three neighborhoods of the periphery of the campinas municipality (jardim santa mônica, jardim são marcos and jardim campineiro) in 1999. forty residences and 138 residents were randomly selected by drawing lots and were submitted to a seroepidemiological survey, which included blood collection for the immunoenzymatic detection (elisa) of anti-toxocara antibodies and a blood count, and the application of a semi-structured questionnaire ... | 2003 | 12532212 |
| prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central colorado. | to evaluate the prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central colorado, fecal samples were obtained from client-owned dogs presented to the veterinary teaching hospital at colorado state university for evaluation of acute small-bowel, large-bowel, or mixed-bowel diarrhea (n=71) and from age-matched, client-owned, healthy dogs (n=59). infectious agents potentially associated with gastrointestinal disease were detected in 34 of 130 (26.1%) fecal samples. agents with zoonotic potential w ... | 2003 | 12549614 |
| toxocarosis as zoonosis. a review of literature and the prevalence of toxocara canis antibodies in 511 serum samples. | a total of 511 serum samples from children aged between 6 months to 15 years old, with different clinical signs-living in the region of northern greece - were tested by elisa (enzyme links immunosorbent assay) technique, for the detection of specific igg and igm antibodies against t. canis antigen. the reason igm was detected was because igm levels are elevated in the acute phase of toxocara infection, in spite of their notorious non-specificity. in this seroepidemiologic survey of children, a r ... | 2001 | 12622885 |
| [case no 6. cerebral vasculitis due to toxocara canis (or catis) origin]. | | 2003 | 12645523 |
| toxocara canis: egg presence in melbourne parks and disease incidence in victoria. | toxocara canis can cause blinding eye disease. this study assessed the presence of t. canis eggs in soil from parks in melbourne and also the incidence of presumed ocular toxocariasis in victoria. | 2003 | 12648049 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against gnathostoma nipponicum. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against the proteins of advanced third-stage larvae (adl3) of gnathostoma nipponicum. six mabs (gn2c3, gn2h3, gn4c3, gn4e9, gnsh1, and gn10b7) were obtained as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). gn4e9 and gnsh1 seemed to be genus-specific, as they did not cross-react with anisakis sp., dirofilaria immitis, gongylonema pulchrum, toxocara canis, trichinella sp., trichuris vulpis, metagonimus sp., or spirometra erinaceieuropaei by eli ... | 2003 | 12659325 |
| diagnostic importance of serological methods and eosinophilia in tissue parasites. | this case-control study was carried out to investigate whether eosinophilia is a common finding in parasitic diseases and to determine the prevalence of the parasitic diseases in definitive groups. toxocariasis and fasciolosis were investigated in patients with eosinophilia, patients with non-eosinophilia, and healthy controls. all cases were analyzed for antibodies against toxocara canis and fasciola hepatica by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) employing, as antigen, excretory ... | 2002 | 12659417 |
| [toxocariasis in poznan region, poland, in years 1990-2000]. | the results of multidisciplinary studies on toxocariasis in poznan region, poland carried out in 1990-2000 in co-operation with cdc, atlanta ga, usa are summarised as follows. in poznan region toxocariasis in dogs, cats and foxes is common. environmental contamination with toxocara spp. eggs was higher in courtyards between apartment houses in the centres of cities than in sandboxes and in rural or recreational areas. high percentage of the t. cati eggs found raises the yet unanswered question h ... | 2002 | 12666581 |
| visceral larva migrans mimicking lymphoma. | we report a case of visceral larva migrans in an adult with fever, night sweats, weight loss, hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, bilateral pleural effusion, and eosinophilia-mimicking lymphoma. visceral larva migrans was diagnosed subsequently because of negative findings for malignancy and positive serologic test result for toxocara canis. progressive improvement was observed with albendazole therapy. | 2003 | 12684326 |
| a light and electron microscopic study on the synergistic effect of pyrantel and the febantel metabolite febendazole on adult toxocara canis in vitro. | in the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects on the motility and morphology of tissues and organs of toxocara canis of the two drug components of drontal plus and welpan, pyrantel and fenbendazole (the active metabolite of the prodrug febantel), both alone and in combination. although there was no significant difference observable between the effects of the single drugs and the drug combination on worm motility, the synergistic effect of pyrantel and fenbendazole was manifested by ... | 2003 | 12684883 |
| toxocara canis (werner, 1782) eggs in the pleistocene site of menez-dregan, france (300,000-500,000 years before present). | on the archaeological site of menez-dregan in brittany, france, dated 300,000-500,000 years-old, paleoparasitological analysis of cave deposits led to the detection of well-preserved helminth eggs, which morphology and morphometry pointed to the diagnosis of toxocara canis eggs, a parasite of carnivore mammals. paleolithic remains suggested a parasitism of the hyena crocuta spelaea or other canids that inhabited the region. | 2003 | 12687773 |
| toxocara cati: an underestimated zoonotic agent. | the role of toxocara cati as a zoonosis is reviewed. it is suggested that, despite case histories of human infection in the literature, historical factors have led to t. cati being under-recognized as a zoonosis, particularly when compared with the prominence given to toxocara canis in dogs. differentiation of the two infections remains challenging even today. it is recommended that further work be conducted to facilitate differentiation so that the importance of t. cati as a zoonosis can be cle ... | 2003 | 12689646 |
| [eosinophilia, diarrhea]. | a 46-year-old swiss woman presents with intermittent abdominal pain and persistent eosinophilia that is suggestive of helminthic etiology. though her stay in africa goes back > 35 years, an imported disease is a possibility. however, contact with a puppy suggests a locally acquired organism. antibodies to filariae and toxocara are demonstrated in the serum. following treatment with albendazole 400 mg daily for 14 days the patient makes a full recovery, and the final diagnosis is active toxocara ... | 2003 | 12693147 |
| in vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases lung injury induced by toxocara canis in experimentally infected rats. | the direct effect of nitric oxide (no) on the viability of toxocara canis larvae was studied. we observed that the nitric oxide donors, sin-1 and snog, exert no cytotoxic effect on the in vitro viability of t. canis larvae. in addition, we developed a model in rats to elucidate the role of no during t. canis infection. we evaluated different indicators in four experimental groups: morphological parameters, the total number cells and cell types recovered, nitrite and protein concentration, lactat ... | 2002 | 12694601 |
| cytoplasmic signalling pathways in alveolar macrophages involved in the production of nitric oxide after stimulation with excretory/secretory antigens of toxocara canis. | we studied the cytoplasmic signalling pathways involved in the generation of nitric oxide (no) after stimulation with adult excretory/secretory antigens (esa) of toxocara canis. the pathways of phospholipase a2 (pla2) and phospholipase c (plc) were considered as potentially involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide. we used inhibitors of these pathways at different levels. several concentrations of lithium chloride, verapamil, tmb-8 and staurosporine were used to inhibit the plc pathway. inhibit ... | 2002 | 12694604 |