| efficient and scalable method in isolation of polymethoxyflavones from orange peel extract by supercritical fluid chromatography. | polymethoxyflavones (pmfs) from citrus genus are of particular interest because of their broad spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-atherogenic properties. recently, the exploration into the beneficial health properties of pmfs in citrus fruits has dramatically increased. however, the supply of pure pmfs in the in vivo study is a limiting factor due to the difficulties in large-scale isolation of the interested pmfs. therefore, the development ... | 2007 | 17035106 |
| evidence for host plant preference by iphiseiodes quadripilis (acari: phytoseiidae) on citrus. | in this study, we present field and laboratory evidence on the preference of iphiseiodes quadripilis (banks) for grapefruit (citrus paradisi macfadyen) leaves compared with sweet orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) leaves. this preference was confirmed in four orchards whether leaf samples were taken from either border trees of contiguous grapefruit or sweet orange or interior row trees with both citrus species in adjacent rows. iphiseiodes quadripilis was most abundant in grapefruit trees in s ... | 2006 | 16897564 |
| relationship between ploidy variation of citrus calli and competence for somatic embryogenesis. | this study focuses on the relationship between the genetic variation of calli and the competence for somatic embryogenesis in citrus. the dna content of 35 citrus calli of different genotypes was measured three times by flow cytometry during a period of four years. the results showed that 71.4 % of the genotypes had a progressive increase of varied cells, while those of page tangelo, shamouti sweet orange, russ navel orange and cleopatra decreased; significant difference in the variation degree ... | 2006 | 16875323 |
| [the relationship between activity and gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peel pitting in 'fengjie' navel orange fruits]. | citrus fruit is prone to develop peel pitting during development and storage, which greatly decreases its fresh market value because of the deterioration of the peel. in the present study, we have examined the effect of different temperatures (15 degrees c and 4 degrees c), waxing and mechanical damage on the changes in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and the incidence of peel pitting in 'fengjie' navel orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) fruits. the expression levels of pal2, pal6 ... | 2006 | 16775409 |
| hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones and methylated flavonoids in sweet orange (citrus sinensis) peel. | polymethoxyflavones (pmfs) from citrus genus have been of particular interest because of their broad spectrum of biological activities, including antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiatherogenic properties. there have been increasing interests in the exploration of health beneficial properties of pmfs in citrus fruits. therefore, the isolation and characterization of pmfs from sweet orange (citrus sinensis) peel will lead to new applications of the byproducts from orange juice processes a ... | 2006 | 16756344 |
| allergic reaction after ingestion of orange blossom pollen. | a 31-year-old atopic subject with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with sensitization to several pollens, presented with urticaria and angioedema after ingestion of orange blossom pollen (citrus sinensis). a positive skin prick test for orange blossom pollen extract (bial-aristegui, bilbao, spain) at a concentration of 1.2 mg/ml was obtained. serum specific ige antibodies to orange blossom pollen were shown (unicap pharmacia system, uppsala, sweeden). a conjunctival provocation test was negative wit ... | 2006 | 16689190 |
| analysis of microsatellites in citrus unigenes. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs) were investigated in the unigene sequences from expressed sequence tags (est) of sweet orange (citrus sinensis osbeck), trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata raf.) and other citrus species and cultivars. a total of 37 802 citrus unigene sequences corresponding to 23.29 mb were searched, resulting in the identification of 8,218 ssrs. among them there were 4,913 (59.8%) mono-, 1,419 (17.3%) di-, 1,709 (20.8%) tri-, 114 (1.39%) tetra-, 23 (0.28%) penta- and 40 (0.49% ... | 2006 | 16625833 |
| gene characterization, analysis of expression and in vitro synthesis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase from [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck]. | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr, ec 1.1.1.219) catalyzes the reduction of dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanins, a key "late" step in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. in this study we showed that a strong reduction in dfr expression occurs in the non-red orange cultivar (navel and ovale) compared to that of the red orange (tarocco) suggesting that the enzyme could be involved in the lack of production of anthocyanins. therefore, we isolated and compared the cdnas, the genomic clones, as well a ... | 2006 | 16524606 |
| germin-like protein cit s 1 and profilin cit s 2 are major allergens in orange (citrus sinensis) fruits. | oranges are clinically relevant allergenic foods. to date, orange allergens have not been characterized in detail. the study is aimed at analyzing the sensitization profile in orange-sensitized subjects with and without clinical allergy, and to identify orange allergens. fifty-six sensitized subjects with self-reported reactions to orange were grouped into reactors (anaphylaxis or multiple episodes of immediate reactions and/or positive challenge tests) and non-reactors (negative open food chall ... | 2006 | 16521162 |
| stomatal oscillations in orange trees under natural climatic conditions. | stomatal oscillations have been reported in many plant species, but they are usually induced by sudden step changes in the environment when plants are grown under constant conditions. this study shows that in navel orange trees (citrus sinensis) pronounced stomatal oscillations occur and persist under natural climatic conditions. | 2006 | 16478765 |
| fruit coloration difference between fengwan, a late-maturing mutant and its original cultivar fengjie72-1 of navel orange (citrus sinensis osbeck). | fruit color is one of the most important external quality traits. mutants with different color are useful for the study of regulating mechanism of coloration progress. a novel mutant, fengwan, derived from fengjie72-1 navel orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck), has the distinctive characteristic of the coloration delay of 30 d or so, with the change in total soluble solid (tss) and the ratio of tss/acidity. in order to understand the mechanism underlying the difference of coloration between the mu ... | 2006 | 16477128 |
| mining and characterizing microsatellites from citrus ests. | freely available computer programs were arranged in a pipeline to extract microsatellites from public citrus est sequences, retrieved from the ncbi. in total, 3,278 bi- to hexa-type ssr-containing sequences were identified from 56,199 citrus ests. on an average, one ssr was found per 5.2 kb of est sequence, with the tri-nucleotide motifs as the most abundant. primer sequences flanking ssr motifs were successfully identified from 2,295 citrus ests. among those, a subset (100 pairs) were synthesiz ... | 2006 | 16474971 |
| vacuolar citrate/h+ symporter of citrus juice cells. | we have isolated a cdna, designated citrus sinensis citrate transporter 1 cscit1 encoding a novel vacuolar citrate/symporter. immunoblots using antibodies raised against cscit1 showed that the protein is localized to the juice sac cell vacuoles. the highest expression of cscit1 and the amount of protein in the juice sac cell vacuoles coincided with the developmental stage at which the vacuolar citrate content began declining with the concomitant increase in vacuolar ph. vacuoles from sacharomyce ... | 2006 | 16440212 |
| liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/nuclear magnetic resonance as complementary analytical techniques for unambiguous identification of polymethoxylated flavones in residues from molecular distillation of orange peel oils (citrus sinensis). | liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/nuclear magnetic resonance techniques with ultraviolet/diode array detection were used as complementary analytical tools for the reliable identification of polymethoxylated flavones in residues from molecular distillation of cold-pressed peel oils of citrus sinensis. after development of a liquid chromatographic separation procedure, the presence of several polymethoxy flavones such as sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin, quercetoge ... | 2006 | 16417279 |
| cloning and characterization of two 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase genes, differentially regulated during fruit maturation and under stress conditions, from orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck). | there is now biochemical and genetic evidence that oxidative cleavage of cis-epoxycarotenoids by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (nced) is the critical step in the regulation of abscisic acid (aba) synthesis in higher plants. the peel of citrus fruit accumulates large amounts of aba during maturation. to understand the regulation of aba biosynthesis in citrus, two full-length cdnas (csnced1 and csnced2) encoding nceds were isolated and characterized from the epicarp of orange fruits (citrus si ... | 2006 | 16396998 |
| anthocyanins accumulation and related gene expression in red orange fruit induced by low temperature storage. | the aim of this work was to study the impact of moderately long storage periods at 4 degrees c upon red orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] anthocyanins production and the expression of structural genes involved in their biosynthesis such as phehylalanine ammonia lyase (pal), chalcone synthase (chs), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr), and udp-glucose flavonoid glucosyl transferase (ufgt). our results showed that low temperature-induced anthocyanins accumulation in red orange juice vesicles afte ... | 2005 | 16277406 |
| lycopene-epsilon-cyclase pre-mrna is alternatively spliced in cara cara navel orange (citrus sinensis osbeck). | lycopene-epsilon-cyclase is one of the key enzymes related to alpha-carotene metabolism in plants. a full-length cdna of 1300 bp encoding lycopene-epsilon-cyclase (lyce) was generated from cara cara navel orange, a unique navel orange containing both lycopene and beta-carotene in its pulp, with little or no alpha-carotene. the gene had a 14 bp nucleotides deletion and caused a terminal mutation. dna sequence corresponding to the deletion region revealed that two repeats of 6 bp (aggtgt) were fla ... | 2005 | 16086259 |
| analysis of flavanone-7-o-glycosides in citrus juices by short-end capillary electrochromatography. | the separation of the major flavanone-7-o-glycoside constituents of citrus was carried out by isocratic reversed phase capillary electrochromatography using a 75 microm i.d. silica fused column packed with 5 microm ods silica gel. in comparison to hplc mode, capillary electrochromatography resolution of flavanone glycosides was obtained with a high selectivity factor. optimum separation conditions were found using a mixture of ammonium formate (ph 2.5)--acetonitrile (8:2, v/v) as the mobile phas ... | 2005 | 16013605 |
| nobiletin: efficient and large quantity isolation from orange peel extract. | it is known that nobiletin possesses anticancer, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. recently, the demand for nobiletin in large quantities and high purity has increased. however, conventional normal-phase silica gel chromatography and c(18)-reverse-phase separation methods cannot satisfy the requirement of pure and gram scale nobiletin in a timely manner. in exploring the composition and the biological activities of polymethoxyflavones from sweet orange (citrus sinensis) peel, we develo ... | 2006 | 15999338 |
| involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and perception in the susceptibility of citrus fruits to penicillium digitatum infection and the accumulation of defence-related mrnas. | citrus fruits infected with the fungus penicillium digitatum substantially increase the production of the plant hormone ethylene. in this study, the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in citrus sinensis-infected fruits and its putative involvement in an active defence response against p. digitatum infection is examined. ethylene production is demonstrated as being the result of the co-ordinated and differential up-regulation of at least three ethylene biosynthetic genes: acs1, acs2, and aco. bl ... | 2005 | 15983011 |
| [changes in polyamine levels in citrus sinensis osb. cv. valencia callus during somatic embryogenesis]. | somatic embryogenetic capability and changes in polyamine level and their relationship were analyzed using the long-term (8 years) subcultured calli of citrus sinensis osb. cv. valencia as materials. the results showed that endogenous polyamine contents in embryogenic calli were higher than those in non-embryogenic calli, and the embryogenetic capability was positively correlated to the levels of endogenous polyamines. when the calli were transferred to a differentiation medium, the putrescine c ... | 2005 | 15961902 |
| g-protein-coupled alpha2a-adrenoreceptor agonists differentially alter citrus leaf and fruit abscission by affecting expression of acc synthase and acc oxidase. | temporal and spatial expression patterns of genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) synthase (acs1 and acs2) and acc oxidase (aco), acc concentration, and ethylene production in leaves and fruit of 'valencia' orange (citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck) were examined in relation to differential abscission after treatment with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) alone or in combination with guanfacine or clonidine, two g-protein-coupled alpha(2a)-adrenoreceptor selective agonists. guan ... | 2005 | 15928018 |
| relationships between nutrient composition of flowers and fruit quality in orange trees grown in calcareous soil. | to determine if flower nutrient composition can be used to predict fruit quality, a field experiment was conducted over three seasons (1996-1999) in a commercial orange orchard (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck cv. 'valencia late', budded on troyer citrange rootstock) established on a calcareous soil in southern portugal. flowers were collected from 20 trees during full bloom in april and their nutrient composition determined, and fruits were harvested the following march and their quality evaluated. ... | 2005 | 15805096 |
| isolation, characterization, and pectin-modifying properties of a thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase from citrus sinensis var. valencia. | the thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase (tt-pme) was isolated as a monocomponent enzyme from sweet orange fruit (citrus sinensis var. valencia). it was also isolated from flower and vegetative tissue. the apparent molecular weight of fruit tt-pme was 40800 by sds-page and the isoelectric point estimated as pi 9.31 by ief-page. maldi-tof ms identified no tryptic-peptide ions from tt-pme characteristic of previously described citrus pmes. tt-pme did not absolutely require supplemented salt fo ... | 2005 | 15769165 |
| starter substrate specificities of wild-type and mutant polyketide synthases from rutaceae. | chalcone synthases (chss) and acridone synthases (acss) belong to the superfamily of type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) and condense the starter substrate 4-coumaroyl-coa or n-methylanthraniloyl-coa with three malonyl-coas to produce flavonoids and acridone alkaloids, respectively. acss which have been cloned exclusively from ruta graveolens share about 75-85% polypeptide sequence homology with chss from other plant families, while 90% similarity was observed with chss from rutaceae, i.e., r. ... | 2005 | 15680984 |
| metal-binding proteins scanning and determination by combining gel electrophoresis, synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence and atomic spectrometry. | in the present work, protein bands from in vitro embriogenic callus (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) were investigated using micro-synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence (musr-xrf) after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) separation. metal-binding protein quantification was done after microwave oven decomposition of gel by synchrotron radiation total reflection x-ray fluorescence (sr-txrf), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (faas) and flame atomic emission spect ... | 2005 | 15680280 |
| effect of nigerian citrus (citrus sinensis osbeck) honey on ethanol metabolism. | the effect of nigerian citrus (citrus sinensis osbeck) honey on ethanol metabolism was tested using 45 consenting individuals in apparent good health and between the ages of 25 and 35 years. the subjects were moderate social drinkers matched in terms of body weight and build. the results obtained showed that on average, honey significantly (p < 0.05) increased the blood ethanol clearance rate by 68% and decreased the intoxication period by 43%, but insignificantly (p > 0.05) reduced the degree o ... | 2004 | 15662998 |
| characterization of anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins from blood orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] juice. | anthocyanins from blood orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] juices were isolated and purified by means of high-speed countercurrent chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. structures of the pigments were then elucidated by electrospray ionization multiple mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the major anthocyanins of the juice were characterized as cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-(6"-malonylglucoside). furthermore, six minor ant ... | 2004 | 15563216 |
| analysis of antioxidant compounds in sweet orange peel by hplc-diode array detection-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | hplc-diode array detection-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the flavonoid content of several fractions and residues of extracts of greek navel sweet orange peel (citrus sinensis) from the region of southern greece (leonidi-tripoli). the main groups of flavonoids found according to hplc retention times, spectral data and literature references were polymethoxylated flavones, c-glycosylated flavones, o-glycosylated flavones, o-glycosyl ... | 2005 | 15515108 |
| biochemical and molecular analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis in flavedo of orange (citrus sinensis l.) during fruit development and maturation. | changes in carotenoid content and composition and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes were analyzed in the flavedo of sweet orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck, cv. navelate) fruit during development and maturation. lutein and all-e-violaxanthin were the major carotenoids in chloroplast-containing tissues. during fruit coloration, phytoene, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and mainly (9z)-violaxanthin progressively accumulated, and a large proportion of apocarotenoids was also found in the ... | 2004 | 15506808 |
| a beta-galactosidase gene is expressed during mature fruit abscission of 'valencia' orange (citrus sinensis). | beta-galactosidases have been detected in a wide range of plants and are characterized by their ability to hydrolyse terminal non-reducing beta-d-galactosyl residues from beta-d-galactosides. these enzymes have been detected in a wide range of plant organs and tissues. in a search for differentially expressed genes during the abscission process in citrus, sequences encoding beta-galactosidase were identified. three cdna fragments of a beta-galactosidase gene were isolated from a cdna subtraction ... | 2004 | 15208347 |
| isolation of a dehydrin cdna from orange and grapefruit citrus fruit that is specifically induced by the combination of heat followed by chilling temperatures. | dehydrins (dhns; late embryogenesis abundant d-11) are a family of plant proteins induced in response to environmental stresses such as water stress, salinity and freezing or which occur during the late stages of embryogenesis. previously, it was reported that citrus contains a small gene family encoding a unique class of dehydrins that differs from most other plant dehydrins in various respects, such as having an unusual k-segment similar to that of gymnosperms. in the present study, we identif ... | 2004 | 15032860 |
| nonhost status of citrus sinensis cultivar valencia and c. paradisi cultivar ruby red to mexican anastrepha fraterculus (diptera: tephritidae). | anastrepha fraterculus (wiedemann) is recognized as a pest of citrus, apples, and blackberries in south america. in mexico, it is mainly found in fruit of the family myrtaceae and has never been reported infesting citrus. here, we sought to determine whether females stemming from mexican a. fraterculus populations (collected in the state of veracruz) would lay eggs in 'valencia' oranges and 'ruby red' grapefruit and, if so, whether larvae would hatch and develop. we worked under laboratory and s ... | 2003 | 14977105 |
| citrus leprosis and its status in florida and texas: past and present. | according to published reports from 1906 to 1968, leprosis nearly destroyed the florida citrus industry prior to 1925. this was supported with photographs showing typical leprosis symptoms on citrus leaves, fruit, and twigs. support for the past occurrence of citrus leprosis in florida includes: (1) presence of twig lesions in affected orange blocks in addition to lesions on fruits and leaves and corresponding absence of similar lesions on grapefruit; (2) yield reduction and die-back on infected ... | 2003 | 14756416 |
| the dwarfing mechanism of citrus rootstocks f&a 418 and #23 is related to competition between vegetative and reproductive growth. | the annual development of navelina (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) trees budded on three hybrid citrus rootstocks was studied. two rootstocks, named #23 and #24, were obtained from the cross of troyer citrange (c. sinensis x poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.) x cleopatra mandarin (c. reshni hort. ex tan.). the third rootstock, named f&a 418, came from a cross of troyer citrange x common mandarin (c. deliciosa ten.). rootstocks #23 and f&a 418 are dwarfing rootstocks and reduce the size of the scion by ... | 2004 | 14676038 |
| gus gene remains stable in transgenic citrus callus recovered from cryopreservation. | the conservation of transgenic materials is very important, paticularly for their potential future use in crop development. in this study, transgenic callus cultures of 'newhall' navel orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) were cryopreserved by a vitrification method. transgenic calluses survived cryopreservation and recovered under normal culture conditions. the results of pcr (polymerase chain reaction) amplification, southern blotting and sscp (single-strand conformation polymorphism) assay showed ... | 2006 | 14671689 |
| effect of benzyladenine on recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips of grapevine and citrus cultured in vitro. | the effect of n6-benzyladenine (ba) on the recovery of cryopreserved shoot tips of the ln33 hybrid (vitis l.) and troyer citrange [poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf. x citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck.] cultured in vitro was examined. for the ln33 hybrid, the presence of ba in the recovery medium was essential for survival of control and cryopreserved shoot tips, although the ba concentration did not influence the survival percentage. ba at 5, 2, and 5 microm or higher induced callus formation in control, ... | 2016 | 14566389 |
| desiccation and freezing tolerance of embryonic axes from citrus sinensis [l.] osb. pretreated with sucrose. | embryonic axes of citrus sinensis l. were successfully cryopreserved. while fully hydrated unfrozen axes germinated 100%, survival decreased as axes water content dropped, and total loss of viability was observed when the water content dropped to 0.04 and 0.10 mg h2o/mg dry mass, for axes without and with sucrose preculture, respectively. fully hydrated axes did not survive exposure to liquid nitrogen. highest seedling recovery (93-100%) for untreated axes was observed at 0.26 to 0.15 mg h2o/mg ... | 2009 | 14566388 |
| in vitro hypoglycemic effects of different insoluble fiber-rich fractions prepared from the peel of citrus sinensis l. cv. liucheng. | insoluble fiber-rich fractions (frfs), including insoluble dietary fiber, alcohol-insoluble solid, and water-insoluble solid, were isolated from the peel of citrus sinensis l. cv. liucheng. we found that these three frfs could effectively adsorb glucose, retard glucose diffusion, and inhibit the activity of alpha-amylase to different extents. these mechanisms might create a concerted benefit in decreasing the rate of glucose absorption and eventually lower the concentration of postprandial serum ... | 2003 | 14558787 |
| fruit load and canopy shading affect leaf characteristics and net gas exchange of 'spring' navel orange trees. | five-year-old 'spring' navel (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck) orange trees were completely defruited, 50% defruited or left fully laden to study effects of fruit load on concentrations of nitrogen (n) and carbohydrate, net assimilation of co2 (ac) and stomatal conductance (gs) of mature leaves on clear winter days just before fruit harvest. leaves on defruited trees were larger, had higher starch concentrations and greater leaf dry mass per area (ldma) than leaves on fruited trees. both ac and gs w ... | 2003 | 14532013 |
| the compositional characterisation and antioxidant activity of fresh juices from sicilian sweet orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) varieties. | epidemiological evidence has suggested that consumption of fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of both cancer and cardiovascular diseases, potentially through the biological actions of components such as vitamin c, vitamin e, flavonoids and carotenoids. citrus species are extremely rich sources in vitamin c and flavanones, a class of compounds which belongs to the flavonoids family. a comparison of the phenolic compositions, the ascorbic acid contents and the antioxidant activities of fresh si ... | 2003 | 12868495 |
| volatile emissions of navel oranges as predictors of freeze damage. | volatile emissions of navel orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck cv. washington) fruit were evaluated as a means for predicting and gauging freeze damage. the fruits were subjected to -5 or -7 degrees c treatments in a laboratory freezer for various time periods of 2-9.5 h and stored at 23 degrees c for 1, 2, or 7 days, after which time the emission of volatiles from the fruit was measured. following the final day of volatile measurements the fruits were stored at 5 degrees c for an additional 2-3 ... | 2003 | 12744668 |
| comparison of the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of different fibers prepared from the peel of citrus sinensis l. cv. liucheng. | fiber-rich fractions (frfs) including soluble and insoluble dietary fibers (sdf and idf), alcohol-insoluble solid (ais), and water-insoluble solid (wis) were isolated from the peel of citrus sinensis l. cv. liucheng for analysis and tests. the peel was rich in insoluble frfs (idf, ais, and wis; 476-515 g kg(-1) of peel), which were mainly composed of pectic substances and cellulose, and also contained pectic polysaccharide-rich sdf (94.1 g kg(-1) of peel). these insoluble frfs had water-holding ... | 2003 | 12696946 |
| biochemical characterization of blood orange, sweet orange, lemon, bergamot and bitter orange. | this paper reports on the composition of aroma compounds and fatty acids and some physico-chemical parameters (juice percentage, acidity and total sugars) in five varieties of citrus: blood orange, sweet orange, lemon, bergamot and bitter orange. volatile compounds and methyl esters have been analyzed by gas chromatography. limonene is the most abundant compound of monoterpene hydrocarbons for all of the examined juices. eighteen fatty acids have been identified in the studied citrus juices, the ... | 2003 | 12648552 |
| separation and characterization of a salt-dependent pectin methylesterase from citrus sinensis var. valencia fruit tissue. | a pectin methylesterase (pme) from sweet orange fruit rag tissue, which does not destabilize citrus juice cloud, has been characterized. it is a salt-dependent pme (type ii) and exhibits optimal activity between 0.1 and 0.2 m nacl at ph 7.5. the ph optimum shifted to a more alkaline range as the salt molarity decreased (ph 8.5-9.5 at 50 mm nacl). it has an apparent molecular mass of 32.4 kda as determined by gel filtration chromatography, an apparent molecular mass of 33.5 kda as determined by d ... | 2003 | 12643675 |
| simultaneous determination of cd(ii), cu(ii), pb(ii), and zn(ii) in citrus essential oils by derivative potentiometric stripping analysis. | citrus essential oils are widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, so the determination of heavy metals content is of great importance to guarantee their quality. the present work deals with the quantification of cd(ii), cu(ii), pb(ii), and zn(ii) in different varieties of citrus essential oils, using derivative potentiometric stripping analysis. two different metals extraction procedures, involving concentrated hydrochloric acid treatment and acid-alcoholic dissolution ... | 2003 | 12590445 |
| characterization of pinalate, a novel citrus sinensis mutant with a fruit-specific alteration that results in yellow pigmentation and decreased aba content. | the characterization of a novel mutant, named pinalate, derived from the orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) navelate, which produces distinctive yellow fruits instead of the typical bright orange colouration, is reported. the carotenoid content and composition, and aba content in leaf and flavedo tissue (coloured part of the skin) of fruits at different developmental and maturation stages were analysed. no important differences in leaf carotenoid pattern of both phenotypes were found. however, a ... | 2003 | 12554716 |
| [molecular cloning of full length capsanthin/capsorubin synthase homologous gene from orange (citrus sinensis)]. | the complete sequence of orange homologous capsanthin/capsorubin synthase gene is 3788 bp long with a coding sequence of 1512 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 503 amino acids. the 5' upstream sequence is 1721 bp long and the 3' downstream sequence is 555 bp long. the amino acid sequence of this gene is 78% and 69% identical to the genes from carrot and pepper, respectively. it is also partially homologous to plant neoxanthin synthase, lycopene beta-cyclase and lycopene epsilon cyclase genes. i ... | 2001 | 12549109 |
| [research on the separation of limonoid glucosides by reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatography]. | obacunone-17-beta-d-glucopyranoside (og) was isolated from the seeds of citrus sinensis osbeck by using solvent extraction, classical polymer adsorption column separation and weak base anion ion-exchange separation, og was finally purified by c18 reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatography and was identified by thin-layer chromatography. the purity of og was analyzed by analytical reversed-phase hplc. at last the structure of og was determined by 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic ... | 2000 | 12541582 |
| vitamin c, provitamin a carotenoids, and other carotenoids in high-pressurized orange juice during refrigerated storage. | vitamin c, provitamin a carotenoids, and other carotenoids were measured in freshly squeezed juices from oranges (citrus sinensis l. var. valencia late) that were subjected to high-pressure (hp) treatment. also, the stability of these compounds was studied during refrigerated storage at 4 degrees c. hp treatment is an alternative to heat preservation methods for foods; therefore, it is essential to assess the impact of hp on bioactive compounds. several processes that combine hp treatment with h ... | 2003 | 12537436 |
| moderate shade can increase net gas exchange and reduce photoinhibition in citrus leaves. | daily variations in net gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and water relations of mature, sun-acclimated grapefruit (citrus paradisi macfady.) and orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) leaves were determined in tree canopies either shaded with 50% shade screens or left unshaded (sunlit). mean daily maximum photosynthetic photon flux density (ppfd) under shade varied from 500 to 700 micromol m-2 s-1 and was sufficient to achieve maximum net co2 assimilation rates (a co2). responses of grapefru ... | 2003 | 12533306 |
| structural basis of the rind disorder oleocellosis in washington navel orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck). | oleocellosis, a physiological rind disorder of citrus fruit, is an unattractive surface blemish caused by phytotoxic effects of released rind oils. the development of oleocellosis in washington navel orange (citrus sinensis l. osbeck) was examined by following a time sequence of surface symptoms and microscopic rind changes. the two natural causes of oleocellosis were simulated: mechanical damage to the fruit and transfer of rind oil between fruit. mechanical fruit injury resulted in rupture of ... | 2002 | 12451032 |
| characterization of a salt-independent pectin methylesterase purified from valencia orange peel. | the pectin methylesterase (pme; ec 3.1.1.11) present in a commercial orange peel enzyme preparation was characterized to establish its identity among the multiple pme isozymes present in valencia orange (citrus sinensis l.) peel. we show the commercial enzyme corresponds to the major peak 2 pme previously separated by heparin-sepharose chromatography (cameron et al., j. food sci. 1998, 63, 253). both pmes have comparable elution profiles on cation-exchange and hydrophobic-interaction perfusion c ... | 2002 | 12033828 |
| a pectinmethylesterase gene associated with a heat-stable extract from citrus. | a putative thermostable pectinmethylesterase (tspme) protein of 36 kda was isolated from heat-treated citrus finisher pulp. after purification and partial sequencing of the protein, a reverse genetic approach was used to obtain the complete genomic sequence of a new pectinmethylesterase (pme) gene, cspme4, from citrus sinensis (l.) osb. cv. valencia. the cspme4 gene contained two exons of 1203 and 690 bp interrupted by a single positionally conserved intron of 1230 bp. a full-length cspme4 cdna ... | 2002 | 12033812 |
| residue uptake and storage responses of tarocco blood oranges after preharvest thiabendazole spray and postharvest heat treatment. | tarocco blood oranges (citrus sinensis linn. obsek) were subjected to a single preharvest spray with thiabendazole (tbz) at a concentration of 1% active ingredient (ai) in water and harvested 2 weeks after fungicide application or heated at 37 degrees c for 48 h under saturated humidity after harvest. the two treatments were also combined before cold quarantine (3 weeks at 2 degrees c), subsequent storage (3 weeks at 8 degrees c), and simulated marketing period (smp) (1 week at 20 degrees c). fr ... | 2002 | 11929286 |
| characterization of major anthocyanins and the color of red-fleshed budd blood orange (citrus sinensis). | high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with photodiode array detection was applied for the characterization of anthocyanins in red-fleshed budd blood (citrus sinensis) orange. more than seven anthocyanin pigments were separated within 30 min by using a binary gradient (0.1% h(3)p0(4) in water and 0.1% h(3)po(4) in acetonitrile) elution on a prodigy ods column. separations by reversed-phase hplc and semipreparative hplc on a prodigy 10-microm ods prep column, and acid and alkali hydrolyses ... | 2002 | 11853511 |
| participation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in nitric oxide-induced plant cell death. | in the present study, we investigated the involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (ptp) in nitric oxide (no)-induced plant cell death. no donors such as sodium nitroprusside (snp) and s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine inhibited growth and caused death in suspension-cultured cells of citrus sinensis. cells treated with snp showed chromatin condensation and fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis. snp caused loss of the mitochondrial membrane electrical potential, which was ... | 2002 | 11801241 |
| characterization and regulation of ammonium transport systems in citrus plants. | we have investigated both the kinetics and regulation of 15nh4+ influx in roots of 3-month-old hydroponically grown citrus (citrus sinensis l. osbeck x poncirus trifoliata blanco) seedlings. the 15nh4+ influx is saturable below an external ammonium concentration of 1 mm, indicating the action of a high-affinity transport system (hats). the hats is under feedback repression by the n status of the plant, being down-regulated in plants adequately supplied with n during growth, and up-regulated by n ... | 2001 | 11762176 |
| differential expression of two cinnamate 4-hydroxylase genes in 'valencia' orange (citrus sinensis osbeck). | two different full-length cdnas for cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h1 and c4h2) were isolated from citrus sinensis osbeck cv. valencia libraries. c4h1 (1708 bp) and c4h2 (1871 bp) share only 65% identity on nucleotide and 66% identity on the amino acid level, respectively. c4h1 is most homologous to a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase sequence from french bean (phaseolus vulgaris), but codes for a unique n-terminus. c4h2 shows highest similarity to a poplar (populus kitakamiensis) sequence, but also shows a u ... | 2001 | 11575728 |
| purification and characterization of a beta-glucosidase from citrus sinensis var. valencia fruit tissue. | a preliminary survey demonstrated activity for alpha-d-glucosidase, alpha-d-mannosidase, alpha-l-arabinosidase, beta-d-glucosidase, beta-d-xylosidase, and beta-d-galactosidase in orange fruit flavedo and albedo tissue. alpha-l-rhamnosidase was not detected. subsequently, a beta-glucosidase was purified from mature fruit rag tissue (composed of intersegmental septa, squeezed juice sacs, and fruit core tissue) of citrus sinensis var. valencia. the beta-glucosidase exhibited low levels of activity ... | 2001 | 11559154 |
| metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid by orange (citrus sinensis) flavedo tissue during fruit development. | [5-3h, 1'-14c, 13c6, 12c] indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), was applied to the flavedo (epicarp) of intact orange fruits at different stages of development. after incubation in the dark, at 25 degrees c, the tissue was extracted with meoh and the partially purified extracts were analyzed by reversed phase hplc-rc. six major metabolite peaks were detected and subsequently analyzed by combined hplc-frit-fab ms. the metabolite peak 6 contained oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxiaa), indole-3-acetyl-n-aspartic ac ... | 2001 | 11382233 |
| high-performance liquid chromatography for the characterization of carotenoids in the new sweet orange (earlygold) grown in florida, usa. | high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was developed for the separation and identification of carotenoids from a new sweet orange, earlygold. carotenoid pigments were extracted using hexane-acetone-ethanol and saponified using 10% methanolic potassium hydroxide. more than 25 carotenoid pigments were separated within 40 min using a ternary gradient (acetonitrile-methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether and water) elution on a c30 reversed-phase column. the carotenoid patt ... | 2001 | 11355835 |
| preferential induction of a 9-lipoxygenase by salt in salt-tolerant cells of citrus sinensis l. osbeck. | recent findings in our laboratory suggested that in citrus cells the salt induction of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme active in cellular antioxidant defense, is mediated by the accumulation of hydroperoxides. production of hydroperoxides occurs as a result of non-enzymatic auto-oxidation or via the action of lipoxygenases (loxs). in an attempt to resolve the role of lox activity in the accumulation of peroxides we analyzed the expression of this protein under stress ... | 2001 | 11289601 |
| seasonal changes of carotenoid pigments and color in hamlin, earlygold, and budd blood orange juices. | the developmental patterns of carotenoids in hamlin, earlygold (an early-maturing selection), and budd blood sweet orange juices were studied during the september to mid-january period of the 1996-97 and 1997-98 seasons. the carotenoid concentration of earlygold increased by as much as 4.9 times during the color development compared to 3.9 times in hamlin and 4.5 times in budd blood juice in the same period. for the profiles of carotenoid pigment, dramatic changes occurred among the pigments tha ... | 2001 | 11262044 |
| biochemical basis of color as an aesthetic quality in citrus sinensis. | the biochemical basis of color as an aesthetic quality in mature fruit of navel and valencia orange (citrus sinensis) was determined. saponification of the two major color-imparting components resolved by thin-layer chromatography, followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, revealed that these comprised acyl esters of (9z)-violaxanthin and beta-citraurin. identification of the chromophores was based on cochromatography and online spectral analysis. the color quality of fl ... | 2001 | 11170592 |
| ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients. | essential oils have been used as remedies for a long time in different cultures across the world. however, scientific proof of such application is scarce. we included 72 patients between the ages of 22 and 57 while waiting for dental treatment in our study. the participants were assigned to either a control group (14 men, 23 women) or to an odor group (18 men and 17 women). ambient odor of orange was diffused in the waiting room through an electrical dispenser in the odor group whereas in the co ... | 2016 | 11134689 |
| lc-ms for the identification of oxygen heterocyclic compounds in citrus essential oils. | the oxygen heterocyclic compounds (coumarins, psoralens and polymethoxylated flavones) present in the nonvolatile residue of the essential oils of mandarin, sweet orange, bitter orange, bergamot and grapefruit were analysed with an hplc/api/ms system equipped with an apci probe in positive mode. the use of hyphenated techniques, such as lc/ms provides a great information about the content and nature of constituents of natural complex matrices, such as essential oils. in this work, ms spectra wer ... | 2000 | 11108548 |
| flavonoids in pigmented orange juice and second-pressure extracts. | flavanone glycosides (fgs) and polymethoxylated flavones (pmfs) have been studied in pigmented orange (citrus sinensis) juices and second-pressure extracts (spes) by high-performance liquid chromatography and diode array detector. detection was performed simultaneously at two different wavelengths: 278 nm (for determination of fgs) and 325 nm (for determination of pmfs). qualitative distribution patterns of fgs and pmfs in juices and spes were similar, although the quantitative results are quite ... | 2000 | 11087509 |
| specificities of functionally expressed chalcone and acridone synthases from ruta graveolens. | the common rue, ruta graveolens l., expresses two types of closely related polyketide synthases that condense three malonyl-coas with n-methylanthraniloyl-coa or 4-coumaroyl-coa to produce acridone alkaloids and flavonoid pigments, respectively. two acridone synthase cdnas (acs1 and acs2) have been cloned from ruta cell cultures, and we report now the cloning of three chalcone synthase cdnas (chs1 to chs3) from immature ruta flowers. the coding regions of these three cdnas differ only marginally ... | 2000 | 11054106 |
| micropropagation of sweet orange, citrus sinensis osbeck. for the development of nucellar seedlings. | protocol for micropropagation of elite plants of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) through nucellar embryo culture has been standardized. three to four nucellar embryos and a zygotic embryo could be excised from a single mature seed and successfully generated as healthy plants in basal ms medium. ms medium supplemented with naa (1 mg/l) or 2, 4.d (1 mg/l) promoted callus development in both nucellar and zygotic embryos. ga3 (1 mg/l) enriched medium induced plantlets initiation but their growth was ... | 2000 | 10927871 |
| chemical composition and selected functional properties of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) seed flour. | flour samples were prepared from dehulled and undehulled sweet orange (citrus sinensis) seeds. the flour samples were evaluated for proximate composition, mineral content and selected functional properties. proximate analysis showed a composition of 54.2% fat, 28.5% carbohydrate, 5.5% crude fiber, 3.1% crude protein and 2.5% ash for the dehulled orange seed flour (dry weight). mineral analyses showed high levels of calcium and potassium in flour samples. partially defatted and undefatted flour s ... | 1999 | 10798346 |
| organochlorine pesticide residues in italian citrus essential oils, 1991-1996. | organochlorine pesticide contamination in 148 lemon essential oils, 123 sweet orange oils, 121 mandarin oils, and 147 bergamot oils produced in italy in the years 1991-1996 was studied by hrgc-ecd. confirmation analyses were carried out by gc-ms. tetradifon, dicofol and its decomposition product 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone were found. over the course of the study dicofol and tetradifon residues steadily decreased; the percentage of contaminated samples reflects this course and decreases considerab ... | 2000 | 10725152 |
| identification of two chilling-regulated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase genes from citrus (citrus sinensis osbeck) fruit. | diurnal change in the temperature below or above 12.5 degrees c hastens the degreening of citrus peel and elicits the phytohormone ethylene production in citrus fruit. ethylene triggers the degradation of chlorophyll and synthesis of carotenoids in citrus peel. to investigate if ethylene is required for the degreening of citrus peel elicited by low temperatures, we studied the chilling-regulated gene expression of acc synthase, one of the key enzymes catalyzing ethylene biosynthesis. we isolated ... | 1999 | 10645719 |
| involvement of proteins in cloud instability of valencia orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] juice. | the present study examined the involvement of proteins in cloud flocculation of valencia orange juice. marked differences in cloud instability were found between juices of different harvest dates. heating of enzymatic pectin degraded juice from april and june harvests resulted in development of clumps and their precipitation. although the juice from both harvesting dates remained hazy, the juice of april harvest was more turbid than that from june. usually clarification increases as the temperat ... | 1999 | 10552537 |
| involvement of proteins in cloud instability of shamouti orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] juice. | the present study provides evidence for the involvement of protein in cloud instability of natural orange juice. no heat-coagulable proteins were found in the serum. insoluble cloud matter (icm) was heat-flocculated following enzymatic pectin degradation (epd). the degree of flocculation depended on temperature (from approximately 50 to 75 degrees c) and was highest at ph 3.5. the fresh juice contained about 6.5 and 1.8 mg ml(-1) of icm and alcohol-insoluble solids of the serum (aiss), respectiv ... | 1999 | 10552536 |
| ultrafiltration performance of heat-treated shamouti orange [citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck] juice. | during ultrafiltration of orange juice with inorganic membranes, heating of the juice prior to the filtration experiment resulted in a significant increase of the fouling indices. the effect of the irreversible fouling (rif) was always high, whereas the reversible fouling (rrf) depended on the treatment. it was clearly seen that fouling was reduced after pectin degradation, but the heat treatment applied to the juice before filtration still resulted in reduced fluxes. it is suggested that pectin ... | 1999 | 10552535 |
| antioxidant effectiveness as influenced by phenolic content of fresh orange juices. | several fresh orange juices, obtained from five different citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck varieties (three pigmented varieties, moro, sanguinello, and tarocco, and two blond varieties, valencia late and washington navel), were subjected to antioxidant profile determination (including total polyphenols, flavanones, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and ascorbic acid). the antioxidant activity of these juices was then assessed by means of different "in vitro" tests (bleaching of the stable 1,1-diph ... | 1999 | 10552879 |
| fast hplc for the analysis of oxygen heterocyclic compounds of citrus essential oils. | a fast hplc method for the determination of the oxygen heterocyclic compounds of citrus essential oils was developed. five different oils were analyzed under identical conditions, by reversed-phase hplc with photodiode array detector, for a direct comparison of the composition of their oxygen heterocyclic fraction. analysis time was 7 min. the oils analyzed were lemon, bergamot, mandarin, sweet orange, and bitter orange. the method developed is good for rapid screening or fingerprinting of these ... | 1999 | 10552795 |
| [genetic analysis of leaf-parent-type plants regenerated from somatic hybridization in citrus]. | the leaf indexes and stoma characteristics of leaf-parent-type regenerants were the same as those of the leaf parent rough lemon, but quite different from the somatic hybrids. leaf-parent-type plants were diploid (2n = 2x = 18). patterns of pox, ppo, got isozymes were identical to those of rough lemon. the plants were analyzed by using 54 arbitrary primers with polymorphisms. most of the primers (52) showed that leaf-parent-type plants were in concordance with rough lemon. however, with primer o ... | 1999 | 10589164 |
| microsporogenesis in a citrus interspecific tetraploid somatic hybrid and its fusion parents | microsporogenesis was analysed in a tetraploid somatic hybrid (sh) (2n=4x=36) of citrus and its diploid fusion parents (2n=2x=18), valencia sweet orange (c. sinensis l. osbeck) and femminello lemon (c. limon l. burm. f.). intergenomic pairing between lemon and orange occurred in the somatic hybrid which showed multivalent chromosome associations in diakinesis, although one quadrivalent was definitely because of a reciprocal translocation present in valencia. the behaviour of univalents was varia ... | 1999 | 10583538 |
| pectin methyl esterase from orange fruit: characterization and localization by in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. | pectin methyl esterase (pme) from orange (citrus sinensis l.) fruit peels has been purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, and ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. characterization of the enzyme revealed a 36-kda protein with an isoelectric point > 9, a ph optimum at 7 and temperature optimum at 50 degrees c. the substrate specificity and kinetic experiments showed that the affinity of pme for pectin was highly dependent on the degree of esterification (de) of the pectin, with k( ... | 1998 | 9821684 |
| the chromosomes of citrus and poncirus species and hybrids: identification of characteristic chromosomes and physical mapping of rdna loci using in situ hybridization and fluorochrome banding. | in situ hybridization of 18s-5.8s-25s rdna probes labeled with biotin or rhodamine and 5s rdna probes labeled with digoxigenin was used to locate rdna sites on root-tip metaphase chromosomes of citrus sinensis l. (2n = 2x = 18), poncirus trifoliata l. raf. (2n = 2x = 18), and citrus x poncirus hybrids (2n = 2x = 18). counterstaining with the fluorochromes chromomycin a3 and dapi uniquely identified many but not all chromosomes. c. sinensis had five 18s-25s rdna sites, p. trifoliata had seven, an ... | 2000 | 9487679 |
| chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation of juice from steamed cashew apple blended with orange juice. | fully riped cashew apples (yellow variety) were steamed for 7 minutes prior to juice extraction. the extracted juice was blended with various proportions of sweet orange juice. chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation were carried out on both the blended and unblended juices. the ascorbic acid content of unsteamed cashew apple juice was 287 mg/100 ml. steaming of the cashew apple prior to juice extraction resulted in a decreased (230 mg/100 ml) content of ascorbic acid. it also led to sl ... | 1997 | 9477424 |
| characterization of heterochromatic regions in 'trovita' orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) chromosomes by the fluorescent staining and fish methods. | cma/dapi double staining and fish methods using rdna and telomere specific repeated sequences as probes were applied to characterize the large amount of heterochromatin in the telomeric regions of 'trovita' orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) chromosomes. as a result, all the heterochromatic regions were cma+/dapi-, and thus were gc rich. three cma+/dapi- heterochromatic regions were positive to the 26s rdna probe. telomere arrays consisting of tm(a)gn were detected on the extreme ends of each chrom ... | 1996 | 8890521 |
| further evidence of a cybridization requirement for plant regeneration from citrus leaf protoplasts following somatic fusion. | somatic hybridization experiments in citrus that involve the fusion of protoplasts of one parent isolated from either nucellus-derived embryogenic callus or suspension cultures with leaf-derived protoplasts of a second parent, often result in the regeneration of diploid plants that phenotypically resemble the leaf parent. in this study, plants of this type regenerated following somatic fusions of the following three parental combinations were analyzed to determine their genetic origin (nuclear a ... | 1996 | 24178608 |
| analysis of bitter essential oils from orange and grapefruit by high-performance liquid chromatography with microbore columns. | the analysis of bitter orange and grapefruit essential oils (non-volatile fraction) was carried out by hplc in normal- and reversed-phase mode with uv detection. these oils were compared with the sweet orange and mandarin essential oils, analyzed previously. for the identification of chromatographic peaks, fractionation by rp-hplc was carried out. the purified fractions were analyzed by gc-ms and lc-ms. some new compounds were found, together with many others already identified in different citr ... | 1996 | 8680599 |
| genetic diversity in the orange subfamily aurantioideae. i. intraspecies and intragenus genetic variability. | despite the great economic importance of citrus, its phylogeny and taxonomy remain a matter of controversy. moreover pathogens of increased virulence and dramatic environmental changes are currently spreading or emerging. the objectives of the present paper, measuring genetic variability and studying its pattern of distribution, are crucial steps to optimize sampling strategies in the search of genotypes that tolerate or resist these threatening factors within the huge array of citrus and citrus ... | 1996 | 24166329 |
| purification of a zn-binding phloem protein with sequence identity to chitin-binding proteins. | in citrus blight, a decline disorder of unknown etiology, the tree canopy exhibits symptoms of zn deficiency while zn accumulates in the trunk phloem. we have purified a zn-binding protein (zbp) from phloem tissue of healthy and blight-affected citrus (citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck on citrus jambhiri [l.]). the molecular weight of the zbp was estimated to be 5000 by size-exclusion chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ion-exchange chromatography at ph 8.0 de ... | 1996 | 8742339 |
| polyembryony in citrus. accumulation of seed storage proteins in seeds and in embryos cultured in vitro. | citrus exhibits polyembryonic seed development, an apomictic process in which many maternally derived embryos arise from the nucellus surrounding the developing zygotic embryo. citrus seed storage proteins were used as markers to compare embryogenesis in developing seeds and somatic embryogenesis in vitro. the salt-soluble, globulin protein fraction (designated citrin) was purified from citrus sinensis cv valencia seeds. citrins separated into two subunits averaging 22 and 33 kd under denaturing ... | 1996 | 8742336 |
| evidence for the involvement of ethylene in the expression of specific rnas during maturation of the orange, a non-climacteric fruit. | twelve cdnas corresponding to mrnas inducible by ethylene were isolated by differential screening of a cdna library from ethylene-treated citrus sinensis fruits. northern analysis of rna extracted from flavedo of ethylene-treated fruits and from fruits at different maturation stages showed that some of the mrnas corresponding to these cdnas were regulated both by ethylene treatment and during fruit maturation. the effect of exogenous ethylene on leaves and of endogenous ethylene on flowers showe ... | 1995 | 7579188 |
| a putative vacuolar processing protease is regulated by ethylene and also during fruit ripening in citrus fruit. | a putative citrus vacuolar processing thiolprotease cdna (cit-vac) was isolated from a cdna library of citrus fruits (citrus sinensis l. osbeck var washington navel). the cdna is 58 and 57% identical with vacuolar processing seed proteases from castor bean and soybean, respectively. the citvac sequence shows a typical signal peptide for entering into the endoplasmic reticulum and two glycosylation signals. using an in vitro transcription-translation system, we show that the citvac precursor is a ... | 1995 | 7480346 |
| preparation of high molecular weight genomic dna from nuclei of woody plants. | we have developed a rapid and reliable method for preparation of high molecular weight genomic dna from sweet orange (citrus sinensis) suitable for subsequent digestion by rarely cutting restriction enzymes and then separation by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). methods previously described for preparation of plant dna prior to pfge involved protoplast isolation, a procedure that can be inefficient and time-consuming for several plant species. nuclei isolated from plant tissues were embe ... | 1995 | 7495551 |
| green fluorescent protein: an in vivo reporter of plant gene expression. | protoplasts were isolated from h89, an embryogenic sweet orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck cv. hamlin) suspension culture, and electroporated with p35s-gfp, a plasmid carrying the gene for the green fluorescent protein (gfp) from the bioluminescent jellyfish aequorea victoria. p35s-gfp was constructed by replacing the gus coding sequence of pbi221 with a functional gfp gene, thereby placing the gfp gene under the control of the camv 35s promoter. protoplasts were viewed by incident-light fluor ... | 1995 | 24185445 |
| identification and characterization of acidic hydrolases with chitinase and chitosanase activities from sweet orange callus tissue. | acidic chitinases (ec 3.2.1.14) were isolated and characterized from 4-week-old nonembryogenic citrus sinensis l. osbeck cv 'valencia' callus tissue. the enzymes were purified using size exclusion, anion exchange, and chromatofocusing hplc techniques. eleven isoforms were isolated with m(r)s between 26,000 and 37,400. eight of the isoforms were purified to homogeneity, and all but one cross-reacted with a polyclonal antibody raised against a basic class i potato leaf chitinase. the isoelectric p ... | 1994 | 7952962 |
| intergeneric somatic hybridization of sexually incompatible parents: citrus sinensis and atalantia ceylanica. | protoplast fusion using polyethylene glycol (peg) was conducted to combine citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck cv. 'hamlin' sweet orange protoplasts, isolated from nucellus-derived embryogenic callus with atalantia ceylanica (arn.) oliv, leaf protoplasts. five plants regenerated from independent fusion events following protoplast culture were identified as intergeneric allotetraploid somatic hybrids of 'hamlin' sweet orange and a. ceylanica, and confirmed by isozyme analysis and chromosome number determ ... | 1993 | 24201965 |
| culture and serological detection of the xylem-limited bacterium causing citrus variegated chlorosis and its identification as a strain ofxylella fastidiosa. | a xylem-limited bacterium resemblingxylella fastidiosa has been shown previously by electron mmcroscopy to be associated with citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc), a new disease of sweet organe tress in brazil. a bacterium was consistently cultured from plant tissues from cvc twigs of sweet orange trees but not from tissues of healthy trees on several cell-free media known to support the growth ofxylella fastidiosa. bacterial colonies typical ofx. fastidiosa became visible on pw, cs20, and pd2 agar ... | 1993 | 23835746 |
| an antifungal compound produced by grapefruit and valencia orange after wounding of the peel. | wounding citrus induces the production of the antifungal compound 1, isolated from peel of injured grapefruit, citrus paradisa, and injured orange, citrus sinensis. interpretation of ms, uv, and 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic data led to the identification of the new compound as 3-[4-hydroxy,3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-phenyl]-2-(e)-propenal. | 1993 | 8254356 |
| sterol composition in the pollens of citrus unshiu marcov. and citrus sinensis osbeck. | | 1992 | 27280669 |
| analysis of cytoplasmic genomes in somatic hybrids between navel orange (citrus sinensis osb.) and 'murcott' tangor. | somatic hybrid plants were produced by protoplast fusion of navel orange and 'murcott' tangor. hybridity of the plants was confirmed by the restriction endonuclease analysis of nuclear ribosomal dna. all of the plants (16 clones) were normal, uniform, and had the amphidiploid chromosome number of 36 (2n=2x=18 for each parent). the cpdna analysis showed that each of the 16 somatic hybrids contained either one parental chloroplast genome or the other. in all cases, the mitochondrial genomes of the ... | 1991 | 24212853 |
| fertile fruit trees obtained by somatic hybridization: navel orange (citrus sinensis) and troyer citrange (c. sinensis x poncirus trifoliata). | nucellar cell suspension protoplasts of navel orange (citrus sinsensis osb.) were chemically fused with mesophyll protoplasts of troyer citrange (c. sinensis x poncirus trifoliata) and cultured in hormone-free murashige and tucker medium containing 0.6 m sucrose. two types of plant were regenerated through embryogenesis. one type showed intermediate mono-and difoliate leaves and the other types was identical to troyer citrange. the regenerated plants with intermediate morphology were demonstrate ... | 1991 | 24221194 |