| evaluation of two proteomics technologies used to screen the membrane proteomes of wild-type corynebacterium glutamicum and an l-lysine-producing strain. | the membrane proteomes of a wild-type corynebacterium glutamicum and an l-lysine-producing strain were quantitatively analyzed by two complementary proteomics techniques -- anion exchange chromatography aiec/sds-page and 16bac-page/sds-page -- and the results were compared. although both techniques allow for the fast screening of differences in protein abundance, aiec/sds-page was superior to 16bac-page/sds-page with respect to protein separation, it was more suitable for relative protein quanti ... | 2007 | 17221235 |
| the transcriptional regulatory network of the amino acid producer corynebacterium glutamicum. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 genome was previously determined and allowed the reliable prediction of 3002 protein-coding genes within this genome. using computational methods, we have defined 158 genes, which form the minimal repertoire for proteins that presumably act as transcriptional regulators of gene expression. most of these regulatory proteins have a direct role as dna-binding transcriptional regulator, while others either have less well-d ... | 2007 | 17227685 |
| coryneregnet 3.0--an interactive systems biology platform for the analysis of gene regulatory networks in corynebacteria and escherichia coli. | coryneregnet is an ontology-based data warehouse for the reconstruction and visualization of transcriptional regulatory interactions in prokaryotes. to extend the biological content of coryneregnet, we added comprehensive data on transcriptional regulations in the model organism escherichia coli k-12, originally deposited in the international reference database regulondb. the enhanced web interface of coryneregnet offers several types of search options. the results of a search are displayed in a ... | 2007 | 17229482 |
| a proteomic study of corynebacterium glutamicum aaa+ protease ftsh. | the influence of the membrane-bound aaa+ protease ftsh on membrane and cytoplasmic proteins of corynebacterium glutamicum was investigated in this study. for the analysis of the membrane fraction, anion exchange chromatography was combined with sds-page, while the cytoplasmic protein fraction was studied by conventional two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. | 2007 | 17254330 |
| a phenomenological model to represent the kinetics of growth by corynebacterium glutamicum for lysine production. | corynebacterium glutamicum is commonly used for lysine production. in the last decade, several metabolic engineering approaches have been successfully applied to c. glutamicum. however, only few studies have been focused on the kinetics of growth and lysine production. here, we present a phenomenological model that captures the growth and lysine production during different phases of fermentation at various initial dextrose concentrations. the model invokes control coefficients to capture the dyn ... | 2007 | 17256152 |
| a clean route for preparation of cdte nanocrystals and their conjugation with bacterium. | the thiol-capped cdte nanocrystals were obtained by a clean chemical approach with hydrazine hydrate. in alkaline aqueous solution, hydrazine hydrate reduced commercial tellurium to be active reactant, and further reduced to negative bivalent telluride for the preparation of cdte nanocrystals. the resulting cdte nanocrystals were characterized by uv-vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence spectra, x-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. the synthesized cdte nan ... | 2006 | 17256331 |
| the iclr-type transcriptional repressor ltbr regulates the expression of leucine and tryptophan biosynthesis genes in the amino acid producer corynebacterium glutamicum. | the transcriptional regulator cg1486 of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 is a member of the iclr protein family and belongs to the conserved set of regulatory proteins in corynebacteria. a defined deletion in the cg1486 gene, now designated ltbr (leucine and tryptophan biosynthesis regulator), led to the mutant strain c. glutamicum ib1486. according to whole-genome expression analysis by dna microarray hybridizations, transcription of the leub and leucd genes encoding enzymes of the leucine ... | 2007 | 17259312 |
| urea transport in bacteria: acid acclimation by gastric helicobacter spp. | urea transporters in bacteria are relatively rare. there are three classes, the abc transporters such as those expressed by cyanobacteria and corynebacterium glutamicum, the yut protein expressed by yersinia spp and the urei expressed by gastric helicobacter spp. this review focuses largely on the urei proton-gated channel that is part of the acid acclimation mechanism essential for gastric colonization by the latter. urei is a six-transmembrane polytopic integral membrane protein, n and c termi ... | 2007 | 17264989 |
| effect of elevated dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations on growth of corynebacterium glutamicum on d-glucose and l-lactate. | the effect of increased dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations on growth of corynebacterium glutamicum was studied with continuous turbidostatic cultures. the carbon sources were either l-lactate or d-glucose. to increase the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration the carbon dioxide partial pressure of the inlet gas stream pco2,in was increased stepwise from 0.0003 bar (air) up to 0.79 bar, while the oxygen partial pressure of the inlet gas stream was kept constant at 0.21 bar. for each resulti ... | 2007 | 17275119 |
| effect of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors on growth of and ethanol production by growth-arrested corynebacterium glutamicum r. | in cellulosic ethanol production, pretreatment of a biomass to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis inevitably yields fermentation inhibitors such as organic acids, furans, and phenols. with representative inhibitors included in the medium at various concentrations, individually or in various combinations, ethanol production by corynebacterium glutamicum r under growth-arrested conditions was investigated. in the presence of various inhibitors, the 62 to 100% ethanol productivity retained by the c. g ... | 2007 | 17277203 |
| metabolic flux estimation--a self-adaptive evolutionary algorithm with singular value decomposition. | metabolic flux analysis is important for metabolic system regulation and intracellular pathway identification. a popular approach for intracellular flux estimation involves using 13c tracer experiments to label states that can be measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry or gas chromatography mass spectrometry. however, the bilinear balance equations derived from 13c tracer experiments and the noisy measurements require a nonlinear optimization approach to obtain the optimal solution. ... | 2007 | 17277420 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of dtsr1, a carboxyltransferase subunit of acetyl-coa carboxylase from corynebacterium glutamicum. | dtsr1, a carboxyltransferase subunit of acetyl-coa carboxylase derived from corynebacterium glutamicum, was crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol 6000 as a precipitant. the crystal belongs to the trigonal system with space group r32 and contains three subunits in the asymmetric unit. a molecular-replacement solution was found using the structure of transcarboxylase 12s from propionibacterium shermanii as a search model. | 2007 | 17277455 |
| in vitro analysis of the two-component system mtrb-mtra from corynebacterium glutamicum. | the two-component system mtrba is involved in the osmostress response of corynebacterium glutamicum. mtrb was reconstituted in a functionally active form in liposomes and showed autophosphorylation and phosphatase activity. in proteoliposomes, mtrb activity was stimulated by monovalent cations used by many osmosensors for the detection of hypertonicity. although mtrb was activated by monovalent cations, they lead in vitro to a general stabilization of histidine kinases and do not represent the s ... | 2007 | 17293417 |
| the deor-type regulator sugr represses expression of ptsg in corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum grows on a variety of carbohydrates and organic acids. uptake of the preferred carbon source glucose via the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) is reduced during coutilization of glucose with acetate, sucrose, or fructose compared to growth on glucose as the sole carbon source. here we show that the deor-type regulator sugr (ncgl1856) represses expression of ptsg, which encodes the glucose-specific pts enzyme ii. overexpression of sugr result ... | 2007 | 17293426 |
| l-valine production with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-deficient corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered for the production of l-valine from glucose by deletion of the acee gene encoding the e1p enzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and additional overexpression of the ilvbnce genes encoding the l-valine biosynthetic enzymes acetohydroxyacid synthase, isomeroreductase, and transaminase b. in the absence of cellular growth, c. glutamicum deltaacee showed a relatively high intracellular concentration of pyruvate (25.9 mm) and produced significant amoun ... | 2007 | 17293513 |
| the reductase that catalyzes mycolic motif synthesis is required for efficient attachment of mycolic acids to arabinogalactan. | mycolic acids are essential components of the cell walls of bacteria belonging to the suborder corynebacterineae, including the important human pathogens mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae. mycolic acid biosynthesis is complex and the target of several frontline antimycobacterial drugs. the condensation of two fatty acids to form a 2-alkyl-3-keto mycolate precursor and the subsequent reduction of this precursor represent two key and highly conserved steps in this pathway. althou ... | 2007 | 17308303 |
| scale-up from shake flasks to fermenters in batch and continuous mode with corynebacterium glutamicum on lactic acid based on oxygen transfer and ph. | scale-up from shake flasks to fermenters has been hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning the influence of operating conditions on mass transfer, hydromechanics, and power input. however, in recent years the properties of shake flasks have been described with empirical models. a practical scale-up strategy for everyday use is introduced for the scale-up of aerobic cultures from shake flasks to fermenters in batch and continuous mode. the strategy is based on empirical correlations of the vo ... | 2007 | 17318907 |
| genome-wide investigation of aromatic acid transporters in corynebacterium glutamicum. | genome-wide data mining indicated that six genes (ncgl1031, ncgl2302, ncgl2325, ncgl2326, ncgl2922 and ncgl2953) encoding putative transport proteins are involved in uptake of various aromatic compounds that are further degraded through the beta-ketoadipate, gentisate and resorcinol pathways in corynebacterium glutamicum. the gentisate (genk/ncgl2922) and vanillate (vank/ncgl2302) transporters have been identified previously. in this study, physiological functions of the remaining four putative ... | 2007 | 17322206 |
| effect of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency on l-lysine production with corynebacterium glutamicum. | intracellular precursor supply is a critical factor for amino acid productivity of corynebacterium glutamicum. to test for the effect of improved pyruvate availability on l-lysine production, we deleted the acee gene encoding the e1p enzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdhc) in the l-lysine-producer c. glutamicum dm1729 and characterised the resulting strain dm1729-bb1 for growth and l-lysine production. compared to the host strain, c. glutamicum dm1729-bb1 showed no pdhc activity, was ... | 2007 | 17333167 |
| anaerobic growth of corynebacterium glutamicum using nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor. | corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive soil bacterium, has been regarded as an aerobe because its growth by fermentative catabolism or by anaerobic respiration has, to this date, not been demonstrated. in this study, we report on the anaerobic growth of c. glutamicum in the presence of nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor. c. glutamicum strains r and atcc13032 consumed nitrate and excreted nitrite during growth under anaerobic, but not aerobic, conditions. this was attributed to the pres ... | 2007 | 17347820 |
| structural insight into concerted inhibition of alpha 2 beta 2-type aspartate kinase from corynebacterium glutamicum. | aspartate kinase (ak) catalyzes the first step of the biosynthesis of the aspartic acid family amino acids, and is regulated via feedback inhibition by end-products including thr and lys. to elucidate the mechanism of this inhibition, we determined the crystal structure of the regulatory subunit of ak from corynebacterium glutamicum at 1.58 a resolution in the thr-binding form, the first crystal structure of the regulatory subunit of alpha(2)beta(2)-type ak. the regulatory subunit contains two a ... | 2007 | 17350037 |
| improving lysine production by corynebacterium glutamicum through dna microarray-based identification of novel target genes. | for the biotechnological production of l: -lysine, mainly strains of corynebacterium glutamicum are used, which have been obtained by classical mutagenesis and screening or selection or by metabolic engineering. gene targets for the amplification and deregulation of the lysine biosynthesis pathway, for the improvement of carbon precursor supply and of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (nadph) regeneration, are known. to identify novel target genes to improve lysine produ ... | 2007 | 17364200 |
| comparative analysis of the corynebacterium glutamicum group and complete genome sequence of strain r. | the complete genome sequence of corynebacterium glutamicum strain r was determined to allow its comparative analysis with other corynebacteria. the biology of corynebacteria was explored by refining the definition of the subset of genes that constitutes the corynebacterial core as well as those characteristic of saprophytic and pathogenic ecological niches. in addition, the relative scarcity of corynebacterial sigma factors and the plasticity of their two-component system machinery reflect their ... | 2007 | 17379713 |
| glycogen formation in corynebacterium glutamicum and role of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. | glycogen is generally assumed to serve as a major reserve polysaccharide in bacteria. in this work, glycogen accumulation in the amino acid producer corynebacterium glutamicum was characterized, expression of the c. glutamicum glgc gene, encoding the key enzyme in glycogen synthesis, adp-glucose (adp-glc) pyrophosphorylase, was analysed, and the relevance of this enzyme for growth, survival, amino acid production and osmoprotection was investigated. c. glutamicum cells grown in medium containing ... | 2007 | 17379737 |
| anaerobic growth and potential for amino acid production by nitrate respiration in corynebacterium glutamicum. | oxygen limitation is a crucial problem in amino acid fermentation by corynebacterium glutamicum. toward this subject, our study was initiated by analysis of the oxygen-requiring properties of c. glutamicum, generally regarded as a strict aerobe. this organism formed colonies on agar plates up to relatively low oxygen concentrations (0.5% o(2)), while no visible colonies were formed in the absence of o(2). however, in the presence of nitrate (no3-), the organism exhibited limited growth anaerobic ... | 2007 | 17380327 |
| [regulation of methionine/cysteine biosynthesis in corynebacterium glutamicum and related genomes]. | methionine is an essential amino acid and the universal n-terminal amino acid of proteins. the biosynthesis of methionine is extensively studied in various organisms that could be used in biotechnological production of methionine. transcriptional regulation of the methionine synthesis in the corynebacterium glutamicum genome is well studied. the mcbr protein is a transcriptional regulator of methionine/cysteine biosynthesis genes. the operon structures for members of the mcbr regulon also were p ... | 2007 | 17380901 |
| identification of a novel arabinofuranosyltransferase aftb involved in a terminal step of cell wall arabinan biosynthesis in corynebacterianeae, such as corynebacterium glutamicum and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | arabinofuranosyltransferase enzymes, such as emba, embb, and afta, play pivotal roles in the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan, and the anti-tuberculosis agent ethambutol (emb) targets arabinogalactan biosynthesis through inhibition of mt-emba and mt-embb. herein, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel arabinofuranosyltransferase, now termed aftb (rv3805c), which is essential in mycobacterium tuberculosis. deletion of its orthologue ncgl2780 in the closely related species c ... | 2007 | 17387176 |
| characterization of compatible solute transporter multiplicity in corynebacterium glutamicum. | the soil bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum is efficiently protected against hyperosmotic stress by a high redundancy of uptake systems and biosynthesis pathways for compatible solutes. we have previously identified and analyzed four osmoregulated uptake systems for betaine, ectoine, and proline. because of overlapping substrate specificities, it is not possible to quantify their individual contribution to the stress response in wild-type cells. using a set of strains in which only one uptake ... | 2007 | 17390131 |
| sampling for metabolome analysis of microorganisms. | in the present work we investigated the most commonly applied methods used for sampling of microorganisms in the field of metabolomics in order to unravel potential sources of error previously ignored but of utmost importance for accurate metabolome analysis. to broaden the significance of our study, we investigated different gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, i.e., bacillus subtilis, corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli, gluconobacter oxydans, pseudomonas putida, and zymononas mo ... | 2007 | 17411014 |
| crystal structures and site-directed mutagenesis of a mycothiol-dependent enzyme reveal a novel folding and molecular basis for mycothiol-mediated maleylpyruvate isomerization. | mycothiol (msh) is the major low molecular mass thiols in many gram-positive bacteria such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and corynebacterium glutamicum. the physiological roles of msh are believed to be equivalent to those of gsh in gram-negative bacteria, but current knowledge of msh is limited to detoxification of alkalating chemicals and protection from host cell defense/killing systems. recently, an msh-dependent maleylpyruvate isomerase (mdmpi) was discovered from c. glutamicum, and this is ... | 2007 | 17428791 |
| innovative metabolic pathway design for efficient l-glutamate production by suppressing co2 emission. | in the pathway of l-glutamic acid (l-glu) biosynthesis in corynebacterium glutamicum, 1 mol of l-glu is synthesized from 1 mol of glucose at a cost of 1 mol of carbon dioxide (co(2)), with a maximum theoretical yield of 81.7% by weight. we have designed an innovative pathway for efficient l-glu production employing phosphoketolase (pkt) to bypass the co(2)-releasing pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, thereby increasing the maximum theoretical yield of l-glu from glucose to up to 98.0% by weight (1 ... | 2007 | 17434430 |
| [cloning, sequence analysis and expression of anthranilate synthetase gene in corynebacterium pekinense]. | anthranilate synthetase (ec4.1.3.27;as) genes from wild-type corynebacterium pekinense as1.299 and its mutant pd-67 were cloned and sequenced. analysis of pcr fragments revealed that three orfs existed, which corresponded to trpl, trpe and trpg gene, respectively. six bases changes that resulted in the changes of five amino acids were found in the trpe structural gene of c. pekinense pd-67 and a single-base change that resulted in an amino acid substitution was found in the trpg structural gene ... | 2007 | 17436623 |
| glutamate production by corynebacterium glutamicum: dependence on the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase inhibitor protein odhi and protein kinase pkng. | we recently showed that the activity of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (odhc) in corynebacterium glutamicum is controlled by a novel regulatory mechanism that involves a 15-kda protein called odhi and serine/threonine protein kinase g (pkng). in its unphosphorylated state, odhi binds to the e1 subunit (odha) of odhc and, thereby, inhibits its activity. inhibition is relieved by phosphorylation of odhi at threonine-14 by pkng under conditions requiring high odhc activity. in this work, ... | 2007 | 17437098 |
| comparative analysis of twin-arginine (tat)-dependent protein secretion of a heterologous model protein (gfp) in three different gram-positive bacteria. | in contrast to the general protein secretion (sec) system, the twin-arginine translocation (tat) export pathway allows the translocation of proteins across the bacterial plasma membrane in a fully folded conformation. due to this feature, the tat pathway provides an attractive alternative to the secretory production of heterologous proteins via the sec system. in this study, the potential for tat-dependent heterologous protein secretion was compared in the three gram-positive bacteria staphyloco ... | 2007 | 17453196 |
| the key role of the mycolic acid content in the functionality of the cell wall permeability barrier in corynebacterineae. | recently, it has been shown that trehalose and mycolic acids are essential for the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, and mycobacterium smegmatis, and important but not indispensable to the survival of corynebacterium glutamicum. therefore, to investigate the function of mycolic acids in both the permeability of the cell wall to small nutrients and antibiotics, and the excretion of amino acids by c. glutamicum, a trehalose-deficient mutant of the l-lysine ... | 2007 | 17464056 |
| the two carboxylases of corynebacterium glutamicum essential for fatty acid and mycolic acid synthesis. | the suborder corynebacterianeae comprises bacteria like mycobacterium tuberculosis and corynebacterium glutamicum, and these bacteria contain in addition to the linear fatty acids, unique alpha-branched beta-hydroxy fatty acids, called mycolic acids. whereas acetyl-coenzyme a (coa) carboxylase activity is required to provide malonyl-coa for fatty acid synthesis, a new type of carboxylase is apparently additionally present in these bacteria. it activates the alpha-carbon of a linear fatty acid by ... | 2007 | 17483212 |
| the extracytoplasmic function-type sigma factor sigm of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 is involved in transcription of disulfide stress-related genes. | the gene for the extracytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factor sigm was deleted from the chromosome of the gram-positive soil bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum to elucidate the role of the sigm protein in the regulation of gene expression. comparative dna microarray hybridizations of the c. glutamicum wild type and sigm-deficient mutant c. glutamicum dn1 revealed 23 genes with enhanced expression in the sigm-proficient strain, encoding functions in the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters (suf ope ... | 2007 | 17483229 |
| farr, a putative regulator of amino acid metabolism in corynebacterium glutamicum. | with the publication of the corynebacterium glutamicum genome sequence, a global characterization of genes controlled by functionally uncharacterized transcriptional regulators became possible. we used dna microarrays in combination with gel retardation experiments to study gene regulation by farr, a hutc/farr-type regulator of the gntr family. based on our results, farr seems to be involved in the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis in c. glutamicum. especially, transcript levels of the arg c ... | 2007 | 17483938 |
| biosorption of reactive black 5 by corynebacterium glutamicum biomass immobilized in alginate and polysulfone matrices. | corynebacterium glutamicum, a lysine fermentation industry waste, showed promise for the removal of reactive black 5 (rb5). due to practical difficulties in solid-liquid separation, the free biomass was immobilized in two polymer matrices: calcium alginate and polysulfone. initially, the optimization of biomass loading in polymeric beads and bead dosage were examined. of the different combinations examined, 4% (with bead dosage of 2 g per 40 ml) and 14% (with bead dosage of 1 g per 40 ml) in the ... | 2007 | 17490706 |
| target genes and dna-binding sites of the response regulator phor from corynebacterium glutamicum. | the two-component signal transduction system phors of corynebacterium glutamicum is involved in the phosphate (p(i)) starvation response. to analyze the binding of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated phor to the promoters of phosphate starvation-inducible (psi) genes, this response regulator and the kinase domain of its cognate sensor, phos (mbp-phosdelta1-246), were overproduced and purified. mbp-phosdelta1-246 showed constitutive autophosphorylation activity, and a rapid phosphoryl group trans ... | 2007 | 17496102 |
| expression of glf z.m. increases d-mannitol formation in whole cell biotransformation with resting cells of corynebacterium glutamicum. | a recombinant oxidation/reduction cycle for the conversion of d-fructose to d-mannitol was established in resting cells of corynebacterium glutamicum. whole cells were used as biocatalysts, supplied with 250 mm sodium formate and 500 mm d-fructose at ph 6.5. the mannitol dehydrogenase gene (mdh) from leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides was overexpressed in strain c. glutamicum atcc 13032. to ensure sufficient cofactor [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form, nadh)] supply, the fdh gene enco ... | 2007 | 17503033 |
| mutations of the corynebacterium glutamicum ncgl1221 gene, encoding a mechanosensitive channel homolog, induce l-glutamic acid production. | corynebacterium glutamicum is a biotin auxotroph that secretes l-glutamic acid in response to biotin limitation; this process is employed in industrial l-glutamic acid production. fatty acid ester surfactants and penicillin also induce l-glutamic acid secretion, even in the presence of biotin. however, the mechanism of l-glutamic acid secretion remains unclear. it was recently reported that disruption of odha, encoding a subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, resulted in l-glutamic ... | 2007 | 17513583 |
| gene expression analysis of corynebacterium glutamicum subjected to long-term lactic acid adaptation. | corynebacteria form an important part of the red smear cheese microbial surface consortium. to gain a better understanding of molecular adaptation due to low ph induced by lactose fermentation, the global gene expression profile of corynebacterium glutamicum adapted to ph 5.7 with lactic acid under continuous growth in a chemostat was characterized by dna microarray analysis. expression of a total of 116 genes was increased and that of 90 genes was decreased compared to ph 7.5 without lactic aci ... | 2007 | 17526706 |
| ncgl2620 encodes a class ii polyphosphate kinase in corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum is able to accumulate up to 600 mm cytosolic phosphorus in the form of polyphosphate (poly p). granular poly p (volutin) can make up to 37% of the internal cell volume. this bacterium lacks the classic enzyme of poly p synthesis, class i polyphosphate kinase (ppk1), but it possesses two genes, ppk2a (corresponds to ncgl0880) and ppk2b (corresponds to ncgl2620), for putative class ii (ppk2) ppks. deletion of ppk2b decreased ppk activity and cellular poly p content, whil ... | 2007 | 17545325 |
| [construction of corynebacterium glutamicum/e. coli shuttle promoter-probe vector]. | based on the replication origins of the c. glutamicum pxz10145 and the escherichia coli cole1 plasmid, a novel corynebacterium glutamicum/escherichia coli shuttle vector pak6 was constructed. this vector was able to replicate in c. glutamicum and e. coli. plasmid pak6 carried multiple cloning site useful for gene cloning, kanamysin- and ampicillin-resistance-encoding gene. furtherly based on the shuttle vector pak6, a promoter-probe vector was developed for the isolation of promoter elements fro ... | 2007 | 17552218 |
| the impact of phb accumulation on l-glutamate production by recombinant corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive soil bacterium, has been used extensively for the industrial production of l-glutamate and other amino acids. in this study, an escherichia coli-c. glutamicum shuttle expression plasmid harboring polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) synthesis genes, phbcab from ralstonia eutropha, was constructed under the ptrc promoter. c. glutamicum harboring this plasmid accumulated 3-13% phb with a weight average molecular mass of 125,400 and a polydispersity of 11.3 when gro ... | 2007 | 17555841 |
| characterization of citrate utilization in corynebacterium glutamicum by transcriptome and proteome analysis. | corynebacterium glutamicum grows aerobically on a variety of carbohydrates and organic acids as single or combined sources of carbon and energy. to characterize the citrate utilization in c. glutamicum on a genomewide scale, a comparative analysis was carried out by combining transcriptome and proteome analysis. in cells grown on citrate, transcriptome analysis revealed highest expression changes for two different citrate-uptake systems encoded by citm and tctcba, whereas genes encoding uptake s ... | 2007 | 17559405 |
| active site geometry of glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. | glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, or ugpase, catalyzes the production of udp-glucose from glucose-1-phosphate and utp. because of the biological role of udp-glucose in glycogen synthesis and in the formation of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, the enzyme is widespread in nature. recently this laboratory reported the three-dimensional structure of ugpase from escherichia coli. while the initial x-ray analysis revealed the overall fold of the enzyme, details concerning its act ... | 2007 | 17567737 |
| a proteome analysis of corynebacterium glutamicum after exposure to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d). | the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d) induces a wide spectrum of toxic responses in living organisms. in this study, we analyzed the stress-induced responses of corynebacterium glutamicum cells on protein level upon treatment with 2,4-d. for this, growing c. glutamicum cells were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 2,4-d, and changes of the gene expression profiles in comparison to non-exposed organisms were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry ... | 2007 | 17568655 |
| parallel analysis of antimicrobial activities in microbial community by sscp based on ce. | conventional antimicrobial activity analyses such as the broth dilution method and disk diffusion test are considerably demanding processes for new antimicrobial agent discovery and sensitive diagnosis of infectious diseases. here, we developed a new antimicrobial activity analysis system using ce-based sscp (ce-sscp) combined with 16s rrna gene-specific pcr (pcr/ce-sscp). using this method, the population change in the microbial community in response to specific antimicrobial agents could be qu ... | 2007 | 17577886 |
| a high-throughput method for microbial metabolome analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. | an analytical high-throughput method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) was developed for fast metabolome investigation. by parallelization and partial automation the time needed for the preanalytical steps could be reduced. in addition a strong decrease of the relative standard deviation of metabolite concentrations from independent samples on the same microtiter plate from 25 to 13% was achieved. between different plates the relative standard deviation is comparable to the o ... | 2007 | 17585867 |
| investigation of central carbon metabolism and the 2-methylcitrate cycle in corynebacterium glutamicum by metabolic profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | the 2-methylcitrate cycle as the primary way to metabolize propionate was investigated using metabolic profiling. for this purpose, a fast harvesting procedure was applied in which cells growing in liquid minimal medium were harvested by a short centrifugation and freeze-dried. subsequently, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of polar extracts derivatized by mstfa was employed for metabolite characterization. routinely more than 300 different peaks were obtained in the chromatograms, and 74 su ... | 2007 | 17586079 |
| study on roles of anaplerotic pathways in glutamate overproduction of corynebacterium glutamicum by metabolic flux analysis. | corynebacterium glutamicum has several anaplerotic pathways (anaplerosis), which are essential for the productions of amino acids, such as lysine and glutamate. it is still not clear how flux changes in anaplerotic pathways happen when glutamate production is induced by triggers, such as biotin depletion and the addition of the detergent material, tween 40. in this study, we quantitatively analyzed which anaplerotic pathway flux most markedly changes the glutamate overproduction induced by tween ... | 2007 | 17587457 |
| expression of corynebacterium glutamicum glycolytic genes varies with carbon source and growth phase. | a basic pattern of gene expression and of relative expression levels during different growth phases was obtained for corynebacterium glutamicum r grown on different carbon sources. the gapa-pgk-tpi-ppc gene cluster was transcribed as a mono- or polycistronic mrna, depending on the growth phase. the 1.4 kb (gapa) and 2.3 kb (pgk-tip) mrnas were expressed in the early through late exponential phases, whereas the 3.7 kb (gapa-pgk-tpi) and 5.4 kb (pgk-tpi-ppc) mrnas were only detected in the mid-exp ... | 2007 | 17600063 |
| the glgx gene product of corynebacterium glutamicum is required for glycogen degradation and for fast adaptation to hyperosmotic stress. | corynebacterium glutamicum cells growing in medium containing sugars accumulate glycogen in the early exponential-growth phase, and start to degrade this polymer at entry into the stationary phase. in a first attempt to investigate glycogen degradation, the c. glutamicum glgx gene, which encodes a protein with 46 % identity to the isoamylase-type debranching enzyme of escherichia coli, was analysed, expressed and inactivated. the purified c. glutamicum gene product showed debranching activity to ... | 2007 | 17600065 |
| characteristics of methionine production by an engineered corynebacterium glutamicum strain. | a methionine-producing strain was derived from a lysine-producing corynebacterium glutamicum through a process of genetic manipulation in order to assess its potential to synthesize and accumulate methionine during growth. the strain carries a deregulated hom gene (hom(fbr)) to abolish feedback inhibition of homoserine dehydrogenase by threonine and a deletion of the thrb gene (delta thrb) to abolish threonine synthesis. the constructed c. glutamicum mh20-22b/hom(fbr)/delta thrb strain accumulat ... | 2007 | 17604670 |
| isolation of a new insertion sequence, is13655, and its application to corynebacterium glutamicum genome mutagenesis. | a new functional corynebacterium glutamicum insertion sequence (is) element, is13655, was isolated using a suicide vector. the is element was 1,293 bp in size and contained 26-bp imperfect inverted repeats (irs) and 3-bp target site duplication as direct repeats (drs). is13655 harbored two orfs with high similarity to the transposase of is1206, an is3 family element. is13655 revealed relatively high transposition efficiency, with low target site selectivity along the corynebacterium glutamicum r ... | 2007 | 17617717 |
| cell envelope fluidity modification for an effective glutamate excretion in corynebacterium glutamicum 2262. | 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (tma-dph) was used to assess the cell envelope fluidity of corynebacterium glutamicum 2262 during a temperature-triggered glutamate producing process. because the fluorescence lifetime of tma-dph was shown to be constant all over the process, fluorescence anisotropy can be considered as a good index of cell envelope fluidity. when the temperature of the fed-batch culture was increased from 33 to 39 degrees c to induce glutamate excretion, t ... | 2007 | 17619186 |
| metabolic flux engineering of l-lysine production in corynebacterium glutamicum--over expression and modification of g6p dehydrogenase. | in the present work, metabolic flux engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum was carried out to increase lysine production. the strategy focused on engineering of the pentose phosphate pathway (ppp) flux by different genetic modifications. over expression of the zwf gene, encoding g6p dehydrogenase, in the feedback-deregulated lysine-producing strain c. glutamicum atcc 13032 lysc(fbr) resulted in increased lysine production on different carbon sources including the two major industrial sugars, ... | 2007 | 17624457 |
| transcriptionally regulated adha gene encodes alcohol dehydrogenase required for ethanol and n-propanol utilization in corynebacterium glutamicum r. | corynebacterium glutamicum r adha gene encodes a homodimeric, nad-dependent, 345 amino acid residue alcohol dehydrogenase with two zinc ions per subunit. chromosomal inactivation of the adha gene rendered the strain incapable of growth on either ethanol or n-propanol as the sole carbon source. rna hybridization analysis revealed that adha transcription was not only induced by these two substrates, but it was also subject to glucose catabolite repression. accordingly, both induction of adha activ ... | 2007 | 17646983 |
| osmosensing properties of the histidine protein kinase mtrb from corynebacterium glutamicum. | the mtrb-mtra two component system of corynebacterium glutamicum was recently shown to be in involved in the osmostress response as well as cell wall metabolism. to address the question of whether the histidine protein kinase mtrb is an osmosensor, the kinase was purified and reconstituted into liposomes in a functionally active form. the activity regulation was investigated by varying systematically physicochemical parameters, which are putative stimuli that could be used by the bacterial cell ... | 2007 | 17650500 |
| the three tricarboxylate synthase activities of corynebacterium glutamicum and increase of l-lysine synthesis. | corynebacterium glutamicum owns a citrate synthase and two methylcitrate synthases. characterization of the isolated enzymes showed that the two methylcitrate synthases have comparable catalytic efficiency, k (cat)/k (m), as the citrate synthase with acetyl-coa as substrate, although these enzymes are only synthesized during growth on propionate-containing media. thus, the methylcitrate synthases have a relaxed substrate specifity, as also demonstrated by their activity with butyryl-coa, whereas ... | 2007 | 17653710 |
| in vivo labeling with stable isotopes as a tool for the identification of unidentified peaks in the metabolome analysis of corynebacterium glutamicum by gc/ms. | of the hyphenated techniques used for metabolic profiling of cell and tissue extracts, gc/ms is in some ways advantageous as it allows the simultaneous fingerprinting of chemically very different metabolites, and the electron impact mass spectra recorded in many cases lead to unambiguous identification of the compounds. however, prior to chromatography, the hydrophilic substances of the cell extracts have to be converted to vaporizable derivatives, the mass spectra of which often are not known o ... | 2007 | 17655507 |
| plasmid vectors for testing in vivo promoter activities in corynebacterium glutamicum and rhodococcus erythropolis. | novel shuttle promoter-probe vectors replicating in escherichia coli, corynebacterium glutamicum, and rhodococcus erythropolis were constructed on the basis of the c. glutamicum plasmid pcg1. the vectors carry reporter genes coding for fluorescent proteins, which allow the measurement of promoter activities in vivo. the promoter-probe vector ppre11 contains the rsgfp reporter gene, coding for a variant of green fluorescent protein (gfp) with a red-shifted excitation maximum. to ensure efficient ... | 2007 | 17657537 |
| transcriptional profiling of corynebacterium glutamicum metabolism during organic acid production under oxygen deprivation conditions. | a transcriptional profiling of the metabolism of corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen deprivation conditions is reported. it was observed that the glucose consumption rate per cell when c. glutamicum cells were incubated under oxygen deprivation conditions was higher than that achieved by cells incubated under aerobic growth conditions. furthermore, dna microarray and quantitative rt-pcr analyses revealed that the genes of several key enzymes of the glycolytic and organic acid production path ... | 2007 | 17660414 |
| structural characterization of a partially arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan variant isolated from a corynebacterium glutamicum ubia mutant. | arabinan polysaccharide side-chains are present in both mycobacterium tuberculosis and corynebacterium glutamicum in the heteropolysaccharide arabinogalactan (ag), and in m. tuberculosis in the lipoglycan lipoarabinomannan (lam). this study shows by quantitative sugar and glycosyl linkage analysis that c. glutamicum possesses a much smaller lam version, cg-lam, characterized by single t-araf residues linked to the alpha(1-->6)-linked mannan backbone. maldi-tof ms showed an average molecular mass ... | 2007 | 17660426 |
| biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using free and polysulfone-immobilized corynebacterium glutamicum: batch and column studies. | the amino acid fermentation industry waste, corynebacterium glutamicum, has been found to possess excellent biosorption capacity towards methylene blue (mb). due to practical difficulties in solid-liquid separation and biomass regeneration, c. glutamicum was immobilized in a polysulfone matrix. the ph edge experiments revealed that neutral or alkaline ph values favored mb biosorption. isotherm experiments indicated that c. glutamicum, when in immobilized state, exhibited slightly inferior dye up ... | 2008 | 17664064 |
| high cell density cultivation of recombinant yeasts and bacteria under non-pressurized and pressurized conditions in stirred tank bioreactors. | this study demonstrates the applicability of pressurized stirred tank bioreactors for oxygen transfer enhancement in aerobic cultivation processes. the specific power input and the reactor pressure was employed as process variable. as model organism escherichia coli, arxula adeninivorans, saccharomyces cerevisiae and corynebacterium glutamicum were cultivated to high cell densities. by applying specific power inputs of approx. 48kwm(-3) the oxygen transfer rate of a e. coli culture in the non-pr ... | 2007 | 17681630 |
| characterization of riboflavin (vitamin b2) transport proteins from bacillus subtilis and corynebacterium glutamicum. | riboflavin (vitamin b(2)) is the direct precursor of the flavin cofactors flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, essential components of cellular biochemistry. in this work we investigated the unrelated proteins ypaa from bacillus subtilis and pnux from corynebacterium glutamicum for a role in riboflavin uptake. based on the regulation of the corresponding genes by a riboswitch mechanism, both proteins have been predicted to be involved in flavin metabolism. moreover, their prima ... | 2007 | 17693491 |
| osmolality, temperature, and membrane lipid composition modulate the activity of betaine transporter betp in corynebacterium glutamicum. | the gram-positive soil bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum, a major amino acid-producing microorganism in biotechnology, is equipped with several osmoregulated uptake systems for compatible solutes, which is relevant for the physiological response to osmotic stress. the most significant carrier, betp, is instantly activated in response to an increasing cytoplasmic k(+) concentration. importantly, it is also activated by chill stress independent of osmotic stress. we show that the activation of ... | 2007 | 17693504 |
| the alcohol dehydrogenase gene adha in corynebacterium glutamicum is subject to carbon catabolite repression. | corynebacterium glutamicum has recently been shown to grow on ethanol as a carbon and energy source and to possess high alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) activity when growing on this substrate and low adh activity when growing on ethanol plus glucose or glucose alone. here we identify the c. glutamicum adh gene (adha), analyze its transcriptional organization, and investigate the relevance of the transcriptional regulators of acetate metabolism rama and ramb for adha expression. sequence analysis of ... | 2007 | 17693518 |
| ethanol catabolism in corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum grows on a variety of carbohydrates and organic acids as single or combined sources of carbon and energy. here we show the ability of c. glutamicum to grow on ethanol with growth rates up to 0.24 h(-1) and biomass yields up to 0.47 g dry weight (g ethanol)(-1). mutants of c. glutamicum deficient in phosphotransacetylase (pta), isocitrate lyase (icl) and malate synthase (ms) were unable to grow on ethanol, indicating that acetate activation and the glyoxylate cycle are ... | 2008 | 17693703 |
| identification of an alpha(1-->6) mannopyranosyltransferase (mpta), involved in corynebacterium glutamicum lipomanann biosynthesis, and identification of its orthologue in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | corynebacterium glutamicum and mycobacterium tuberculosis share a similar cell wall architecture, and the availability of their genome sequences has enabled the utilization of c. glutamicum as a model for the identification and study of, otherwise essential, mycobacterial genes involved in lipomannan (lm) and lipoarabinomannan (lam) biosynthesis. we selected the putative glycosyltransferase-rv2174 from m. tuberculosis and deleted its orthologue ncgl2093 from c. glutamicum. this resulted in the f ... | 2007 | 17714444 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae: identification and characterization of a channel-forming protein in the cell wall. | the cell wall fraction of the gram-positive, nontoxic corynebacterium diphtheriae strain c8r(-) tox- (=atcc 11913) contained a channel-forming protein, as judged from reconstitution experiments with artificial lipid bilayer experiments. the channel-forming protein was present in detergent-treated cell walls and in extracts of whole cells obtained using organic solvents. the protein had an apparent molecular mass of about 66 kda as determined on tricine-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl ... | 2007 | 17720794 |
| offering surprises: tca cycle regulation in corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive soil bacterium, is used for the production of l-glutamate and l-lysine, both of which are derived from intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle. recent studies have revealed that this amphibolic pathway is subject to complex regulation not only at the transcriptional level, but also at the post-transcriptional level. the latter involves serine/threonine protein kinase g and its target protein odhi. depending on its phosphorylation state, odh ... | 2007 | 17764950 |
| the structures of transcription factor cgl2947 from corynebacterium glutamicum in two crystal forms: a novel homodimer assembling and the implication for effector-binding mode. | among the transcription factors, the helix-turn-helix (hth) gntr family comprised of fadr, hutc, mocr, ytra, arar, and plma subfamilies regulates the most varied biological processes. generally, proteins belonging to this family contain an n-terminal dna-binding domain and a c-terminal effector-binding/oligomerization domain. the members of the ytra subfamily are much shorter than other members of this family, with chain lengths of 120-130 residues with about 50 residues located in the c-termina ... | 2007 | 17766384 |
| a comparative proteomic approach to understand the adaptations of an h+ -atpase-defective mutant of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc14067 to energy deficiencies. | f172-8, an h(+)-atpase-defective mutant of the glutamic acid-producing bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 14067, exhibits enhanced rates of glucose consumption and respiration compared to the parental strain when cultured in a biotin-rich medium with glucose as the carbon source. we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis to clarify the mechanism by which the enhanced glucose metabolism in this mutant is established using a proteome reference map for strain atcc 14067. a comparison of ... | 2007 | 17849411 |
| characterization of hmw-pbps from the rod-shaped actinomycete corynebacterium glutamicum: peptidoglycan synthesis in cells lacking actin-like cytoskeletal structures. | analysis of the complete genome sequence of corynebacterium glutamicum indicated that, in addition to ftsi, there are eight proteins with sequence motifs that are strongly conserved in penicillin binding proteins (pbps): four genes that code for high-molecular-weight (hmw)-pbps (pbp1a, pbp1b, pbp2a and pbp2b), two genes encoding low-molecular-weight pbps (pbp4 and pbp4b) and two probable beta-lactamases (pbp5 and pbp6). here, the function of the four hmw-pbps in c. glutamicum was investigated us ... | 2007 | 17877698 |
| comparative proteomes of corynebacterium glutamicum grown on aromatic compounds revealed novel proteins involved in aromatic degradation and a clear link between aromatic catabolism and gluconeogenesis via fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. | the current study examined the aromatic degradation and central metabolism in corynebacterium glutamicum by proteomic and molecular methods. comparative analysis of proteomes from cells grown on gentisate and on glucose revealed that 30% of the proteins of which their abundance changed were involved in aromatic degradation and central carbon metabolism. similar results were obtained from cells grown on benzoate, 4-cresol, phenol, and resorcinol. results from these experiments revealed that (i) e ... | 2007 | 17880007 |
| ramb is an activator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunit e1p gene in corynebacterium glutamicum. | in corynebacterium glutamicum, the transcriptional regulator ramb negatively controls the expression of genes involved in acetate metabolism. here we show that during growth in media containing glucose and in complex medium without glucose ramb activates expression of the acee gene, encoding the e1p subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. thus, ramb functions both as repressor and as activator in c. glutamicum. | 2009 | 17890844 |
| direct production of l-lysine from raw corn starch by corynebacterium glutamicum secreting streptococcus bovis alpha-amylase using cspb promoter and signal sequence. | corynebacterium glutamicum is an important microorganism in the industrial production of amino acids. we engineered a strain of c. glutamicum that secretes alpha-amylase from streptococcus bovis 148 (amya) for the efficient utilization of raw starch. among the promoters and signal sequences tested, those of cspb from c. glutamicum possessed the highest expression level. the fusion gene was introduced into the homoserine dehydrogenase gene locus on the chromosome by homologous recombination. l-ly ... | 2007 | 17891388 |
| metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for cadaverine fermentation. | cadaverine, the expected raw material of polyamides, is produced by decarboxylation of l-lysine. if we could produce cadaverine from the cheapest sugar, and as a renewable resource, it would be an effective solution against global warming, but there has been no attempt to produce cadaverine from glucose by fermentation. we focused on corynebacterium glutamicum, whose l-lysine fermentation ability is superior, and constructed a metabolically engineered c. glutamicum in which the l-homoserine dehy ... | 2007 | 17895539 |
| analyses of the acetate-producing pathways in corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen-deprived conditions. | corynebacterium glutamicum r efficiently produces valuable chemicals from glucose under oxygen-deprived conditions. in an effort to reduce acetate as a byproduct, acetate productivity of several mutant-disrupted genes encoding possible key enzymes for acetate formation was determined. disruption of the acee gene that encodes the e1 enzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex resulted in almost complete elimination of acetate formation under oxygen-deprived conditions, implying that acetate synt ... | 2007 | 17909785 |
| competition of reactive red 4, reactive orange 16 and basic blue 3 during biosorption of reactive blue 4 by polysulfone-immobilized corynebacterium glutamicum. | competition of reactive red 4 (rr4), reactive orange 16 (ro16) and basic blue 3 (bb3) during biosorption of reactive blue 4 (rb4) by polysulfone-immobilized protonated corynebacterium glutamicum (pipc) was investigated in batch and column mode of operations. through potentiometric titrations, and with the aid of proton-binding model, carboxyl, phosphonate and amine were identified as functional groups of pipc, with apparent pk(a) values of 3.47+/-0.05, 7.08+/-0.07 and 9.90+/-0.05 mmol/g, respect ... | 2008 | 17913354 |
| two-dimensional reversed-phase x ion-pair reversed-phase hplc: an alternative approach to high-resolution peptide separation for shotgun proteome analysis. | a two-dimensional separation scheme for shotgun proteome analysis employing high-ph reversed-phase hplc in the first and low-ph ion-pair reversed-phase hplc in the second dimension (rp x ip-rp-hplc) has been developed and evaluated. compared to the classical strong cation exchange x ion-pair reversed-phase (scx x ip-rp-hplc) approach, the rp x ip-rp-hplc system was characterized by a lower degree of orthogonality, which was, however, more than counterbalanced by higher separation efficiency, mor ... | 2007 | 17924683 |
| site-directed integration system using a combination of mutant lox sites for corynebacterium glutamicum. | the engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum is important for enhanced production of biochemicals. to construct an optimal c. glutamicum genome, a precise site-directed gene integration method was developed by using a pair of mutant lox sites, one a right element (re) mutant lox site and the other a left element (le) mutant lox site. two dna fragments, 5.7 and 10.2 kb-long, were successfully integrated into the genome. the recombination efficiency of this system compared to that obtained by sin ... | 2007 | 17938910 |
| engineering of an l-arabinose metabolic pathway in corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum was metabolically engineered to broaden its substrate utilization range to include the pentose sugar l-arabinose, a product of the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. the resultant cra1 recombinant strain expressed the escherichia coli genes araa, arab, and arad encoding l-arabinose isomerase, l-ribulokinase, and l-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase, respectively, under the control of a constitutive promoter. unlike the wild-type strain, cra1 was able to grow on mine ... | 2008 | 17965859 |
| the role of lipids and salts in two-dimensional crystallization of the glycine-betaine transporter betp from corynebacterium glutamicum. | the osmoregulated and chill-sensitive glycine-betaine transporter (betp) from corynebacterium glutamicum was reconstituted into lipids to form two-dimensional (2d) crystals. the sensitivity of betp partly bases on its interaction with lipids. here we demonstrate that lipids and salts influence crystal morphology and crystallinity of a c-terminally truncated betp. the salt type and concentration during crystallization determined whether crystals grew in the form of planar-tubes, sheets or vesicle ... | 2007 | 17981051 |
| coryneregnet 4.0 - a reference database for corynebacterial gene regulatory networks. | detailed information on dna-binding transcription factors (the key players in the regulation of gene expression) and on transcriptional regulatory interactions of microorganisms deduced from literature-derived knowledge, computer predictions and global dna microarray hybridization experiments, has opened the way for the genome-wide analysis of transcriptional regulatory networks. the large-scale reconstruction of these networks allows the in silico analysis of cell behavior in response to changi ... | 2007 | 17986320 |
| a 2-step cooking method of searing and hot water pasteurization to maximize the safety of refrigerated, vacuum packaged, chicken breast meat. | americans consume almost 40 kg per capita of chicken each year. increasing consumption of chicken surpassed pork in 1982 and beef in 1992. the objectives of this study were to examine the effectiveness of a novel, 2-step cooking method of grilling, slicing, vacuum packaging, and hot water pasteurization to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes in chicken breast meat. because this study required the use of pilot plant scale pasteurization equipment, listeria innocua m1, a nonpathogen with ... | 2007 | 17995778 |
| the deor-type transcriptional regulator sugr acts as a repressor for genes encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts) in corynebacterium glutamicum. | the major uptake system responsible for the transport of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 is the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts). the genes encoding pts components, namely ptsi, ptsh, and ptsf belong to the fructose-pts gene cluster, whereas ptsg and ptss are located in two separate regions of the c. glutamicum genome. due to the localization within and adjacent to the fructose-pts gene cluster, two genes coding for deor-type trans ... | 2007 | 18005413 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and initial crystallographic characterization of the p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from corynebacterium glutamicum. | p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (phbh) is an fad-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of p-hydroxybenzoate (pohb) to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate in an nadph-dependent reaction and plays an important role in the biodegradation of aromatic compounds. phbh from corynebacterium glutamicum was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of nah(2)po(4) and k(2)hpo(4) as precipitants. x-ray diffraction data were collected to a maximum resolution of 2.5 a on a ... | 2007 | 18007046 |
| corynecenter - an online resource for the integrated analysis of corynebacterial genome and transcriptome data. | the introduction of high-throughput genome sequencing and post-genome analysis technologies, e.g. dna microarray approaches, has created the potential to unravel and scrutinize complex gene-regulatory networks on a large scale. the discovery of transcriptional regulatory interactions has become a major topic in modern functional genomics. | 2007 | 18034885 |
| characterization of mutations induced by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine in an industrial corynebacterium glutamicum strain. | mutations induced by classical whole-cell mutagenesis using n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg) were determined for all genes of pathways from glucose to l-lysine in an industrial l-lysine producer of corynebacterium glutamicum. a total of 50 mutations with a genome-wide distribution were identified and characterized for mutational types and mutagenic specificities. those mutations were all point mutations with single-base substitutions and no deletions, frame shifts, and insertions were ... | 2008 | 18037338 |
| regulation of l-lactate utilization by the fadr-type regulator lldr of corynebacterium glutamicum. | corynebacterium glutamicum can grow on l-lactate as a sole carbon and energy source. the ncgl2816-lldd operon encoding a putative transporter (ncgl2816) and a quinone-dependent l-lactate dehydrogenase (lldd) is required for l-lactate utilization. dna affinity chromatography revealed that the fadr-type regulator lldr (encoded by ncgl2814) binds to the upstream region of ncgl2816-lldd. overexpression of lldr resulted in strongly reduced ncgl2816-lldd mrna levels and strongly reduced lldd activity, ... | 2008 | 18039772 |
| microbial production of l -glutamate and l -glutamine by recombinant corynebacterium glutamicum harboring vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene vgb. | vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) gene vgb equipped with a native promoter pvgb or a tac promoter ptac was introduced into corynebacterium glutamicum atcc14067, respectively. ptac was proven to be more suitable for expressing vhb protein in higher concentration in both escherichia coli and c. glutamicum strains compared with the native vgb promoter pvgb. vhb-expressing c. glutamicum exhibited higher oxygen uptake rate and enhanced cell growth. recombinant c. glutamicum harboring vgb gene equipped wi ... | 2008 | 18040683 |
| cytoplasmic proteome reference map for a glutamic acid-producing corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 14067. | we constructed a cytoplasmic proteome reference map for a glutamic acid producing corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 14067 by 2-de and protein identification by maldi-tof-ms and pmf using genome database of the type strain atcc 13032. the map allowed us to identify 166 protein spots representing 139 different proteins. a considerable strain difference was observed in the proteomic images between strains atcc 14067 and atcc 13032 grown under the glutamic acid production conditions, suggesting the im ... | 2007 | 18040983 |
| co-ordinated regulation of gluconate catabolism and glucose uptake in corynebacterium glutamicum by two functionally equivalent transcriptional regulators, gntr1 and gntr2. | corynebacterium glutamicum is a gram-positive soil bacterium that prefers the simultaneous catabolism of different carbon sources rather than their sequential utilization. this type of metabolism requires an adaptation of the utilization rates to the overall metabolic capacity. here we show how two functionally redundant gntr-type transcriptional regulators, designated gntr1 and gntr2, co-ordinately regulate gluconate catabolism and glucose uptake. gntr1 and gntr2 strongly repress the genes enco ... | 2008 | 18047570 |
| biochemical analysis on the parallel pathways of methionine biosynthesis in corynebacterium glutamicum. | two alternative pathways for methionine biosynthesis are known in corynebacterium glutamicum: one involving transsulfuration (mediated by metb and metc) and the other involving direct sulthydrylation (mediated by mety). in this study, metb (cystathionine gamma-synthase) and mety (o-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase) from c. glutamicum were purified to homogeneity and the biochemical parameters were compared to assess the functional and evolutionary importance of each pathway. the molecular masses o ... | 2007 | 18050920 |
| expression analysis of the csp-like genes from corynebacterium glutamicum encoding homologs of the escherichia coli major cold-shock protein cspa. | three csp-like genes were identified in the corynebacterium glutamicum genome and designated cspa, cspb, and cspa2. the genes cspa and cspa2 encode proteins, comprising of 67 amino acid residues, respectively. they share 83% identity with each other. identity of those proteins with escherichia coli csp proteins was near 50%. the cspb gene encodes a protein composed of 127 amino acids, which has 40% and 35% sequence identity with cspa and cspa2, respectively, especially at its n-terminal region. ... | 2007 | 18051605 |