| d-hexosaminate production by oxidative fermentation. | microbial production of d-hexosaminate was examined by means of oxidative fermentation with acetic acid bacteria. in most strains of acetic acid bacteria, membrane-bound d-glucosamine dehydrogenase (synonymous with an alternative d-glucose dehydrogenase distinct from quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenase) oxidized d-hexosamines to the corresponding d-hexosaminates in a stoichiometric manner. conversion of d-hexosamines to the corresponding d-hexosaminates was observed with growing cells of acetic ... | 2004 | 15290129 |
| reversible and strong immobilization of proteins by ionic exchange on supports coated with sulfate-dextran. | new and strong ionic exchange resins have been prepared by the simple and rapid ionic adsorption of anionic polymers (sulfate-dextran) on porous supports activated with the opposite ionic group (deae/manae). ionic exchange properties of such composites were strongly dependent on the size of the ionic polymers as well as on the conditions of the ionic coating of the solids with the ionic polymers (optimal conditions were 400 mg of sulfate-dextran 5000 kda per gram of support). around 80% of the p ... | 2004 | 15296440 |
| synergistic interactions between the genetically modified bacterial polysaccharide p2 and carob or konjac mannan. | rheological studies have confirmed that the bacterial polysaccharide p2, a genetically modified variant of the acetobacter xylinum polysaccharide acetan, undergoes synergistic gelation with either of the plant polysaccharides carob or konjac mannan. x-ray fibre diffraction data shows that p2 can form a 5-fold helical structure of pitch 4.7nm and an axial rise per disaccharide repeat of 0.92nm. optical rotation data demonstrate that p2 undergoes a coil-helix transition in solution and that deacyl ... | 2004 | 15337451 |
| production of bacterial cellulose by acetobacter xylinum bpr2001 using molasses medium in a jar fermentor. | bacterial cellulose (bc) production by acetobacter xylinum subsp. sucrofermentans bpr2001 using molasses medium was carried out in a jar fermentor. when molasses was subjected to h(2)so(4)-heat treatment, the maximum bc concentration increased to 76% more than that achieved using untreated molasses, and the specific growth rate increased 2-fold. when the initial sugar concentrations in the h(2)so(4)-heat treated molasses were varied from 23 g/l to 72 g/l, bc concentration, production rate, and y ... | 2005 | 15338079 |
| acidophilic adaptations in the structure of acetobacter aceti n5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase (pure). | the crystal structure of acetobacter aceti pure was determined to a resolution of 1.55 a and is compared with the known structures of the class i pures from a mesophile, escherichia coli, and a thermophile, thermotoga maritima. analyses of the general factors that increase protein stability are examined as potential explanations for the acid stability of a. aceti pure. increased inter-subunit hydrogen bonding and an increased number of arginine-containing salt bridges appear to account for the b ... | 2004 | 15388921 |
| [effect of glucose on the process of oxidation of sorbose by acetobacter aceti]. | | 1950 | 15412606 |
| [acetobacter aceti in speedy production of acetic acid]. | | 1950 | 15412608 |
| acetobacter acidum-mucosum tosic & walker, n.sp., an organism forming a starch-like polysaccharide. | | 1950 | 15415572 |
| development and testing of a novel biosynthesized xcell for treating chronic wounds. | biosynthesized cellulose is produced by the bacteria, acetobacter xylinum, and possesses unique properties not present in other biomaterials. the material is formed during fermentation having a multi-layered structure composed of fine, nonwoven, cellulose hydrophilic fibers. this structure allows biosynthesized cellulose to have a high-fluid capacity, superior strength, and biocompatibility, which makes it suitable for topical and implantable biomedical applications. initial product development ... | 2004 | 15455308 |
| bacterial cellulose production by fed-batch fermentation in molasses medium. | batch and fed-batch fermentations for bacterial cellulose (bc) production using molasses as a carbon source by acetobacter xylinum bpr2001 were carried out in a jar fermentor. for improvement of bc production, molasses was subjected to h2so4-heat treatment. the maximum bc concentration by this treated molasses increased 76%, and the specific growth rate increased 2-fold compared with that by untreated molasses. in batch fermentation, when the initial sugar concentrations of h2so4-heat-treated mo ... | 2004 | 15458319 |
| gluconic acid production in bioreactor with immobilized glucose oxidase plus catalase on polymer membrane adjacent to anion-exchange membrane. | gluconic acid was obtained in the permeate side of the bioreactor with glucose oxidase (god) immobilized onto anion-exchange membrane (aem) of low-density polyethylene grafted with 4-vinylpiridine. the electric resistance of the anion-exchange membranes was increased after the enzyme immobilization on the membrane. the gluconic acid productions were relatively low with the god immobilized by any method on the aem. to increase the enzyme reaction efficiency, god was immobilized on membrane of an ... | 2004 | 15497133 |
| afm observation of band-like cellulose assemblies produced by acetobacter xylinum. | we succeeded in estimating the thickness of band-like cellulose assemblies by combined use of atomic force microscopy (afm) and transmission electron microscopy. the thickness of "dense" band-like cellulose assemblies was estimated at 20-30 nm from their afm height profiles, which was several times greater than that of "coarse" band-like and ribbonlike cellulose assemblies. on the basis of these results, the folded- chain model previously proposed was discussed, and a different organization of t ... | 2004 | 15530019 |
| towards electronic paper displays made from microbial cellulose. | cellulose (in the form of printed paper) has always been the prime medium for displaying information in our society and is far better than the various existing display technologies. this is because of its high reflectivity, contrast, low cost and flexibility. there is a major initiative to push for a dynamic display technology that emulates paper (popularly known as "electronic paper"). we have successfully demonstrated the proof of the concept of developing a dynamic display on cellulose. to th ... | 2005 | 15538556 |
| immunostimulating properties of intragastrically administered acetobacter-derived soluble branched (1,4)-beta-d-glucans decrease murine susceptibility to listeria monocytogenes. | we previously found that ac-1, an extracellular polysaccharide, produced by acetobacter xylinum and composed of (1,4)-beta-d-glucan with branches of glucosyl residues, showed a strong activity to induce production of interleukin-12 (il-12) p40 and tumor necrosis factor alpha by macrophages in vitro via toll-like receptor 4 (tlr-4) signaling. in the present study, we examined the effect of oral administration of ac-1 on protective immunity against listeria monocytogenes. mice were given ac-1 or p ... | 2004 | 15557623 |
| oxidation of heterocyclic and aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids by acetobacter and serratia strains. | conversion of heterocyclic and aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids was carried out using acetobacter rancens ifo3297, a. pasteurianus ifo13753 and serratia liquefaciens lf14. ifo3297 produced 110 g 2-furoic acid l(-1) from furfural with a 95% molar yield. 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid was produced from the corresponding aldehyde by using whole cells lf14. ifo13753 and lf14 both converted isophthalaldehyde, 2,5-furandicarbaldehyde, 2,5-thiophenedicarbaldehyde and 2,2 ... | 2004 | 15604813 |
| antimicrobial and radical scavenging flavonoids from the stem wood of erythrina latissima. | from the stem wood of erythrina latissima, two isoflavones and a flavanone were isolated and characterized as 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-5'-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)isoflavone (erylatissin a), 7,3'-dihydroxy-6'',6''-dimethyl-4'',5''-dehydropyrano [2'',3'': 4',5']isoflavone (erylatissin b), (-)-7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-5'-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)flavanone (erylatissin c), respectively, in addition to 10 known flavonoids. structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spe ... | 2005 | 15649516 |
| [recent advances in research and application of associated nitrogen-fixation with graminaceous plants]. | the category, characteristic of diazotrophs isolated from inside and/or rhizosphere of graminaceous plants in recent year and the mechanism of the promoting effects on their host plant were reviewed in this paper. the current status of application of associative nitrogen-fixation inoculants and the problems in inoculation were discussed. it was indicated that the main factors influencing the effects of inoculants include the competition of indigenous micro-organism with inoculants for nutritions ... | 2004 | 15669502 |
| analysis of replication region of the cryptic plasmid pag20 from acetobacter aceti 3620. | the dna sequence of small cryptic plasmid pag20 in acetobacter aceti was determined at 3064 bp with 51.6% gc pairs. the plasmid encoded a 186 amino acid protein which is important for plasmid replication in gram-negative bacteria except escherichia coli. two 21 bp large direct repeat sequence 1 and two 13 bp direct repeat sequence 2 were determined in the regulation region upstream from gene encoded rep protein. vector pag24 with kanamycin gene and two deletion derivatives pag25 and pag26 withou ... | 2005 | 15670745 |
| soluble branched (1,4)-beta-d-glucans from acetobacter species enhance antitumor activities against mhc class i-negative and -positive malignant melanoma through augmented nk activity and cytotoxic t-cell response. | we previously found that an extracellular polysaccharide, ac-1, produced by acetobacter polysaccharogenes composed of (1,4)-beta-d-glucan with branches of glucosyl residues showed a strong activity to induce production of interleukin (il)-12 p40 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by macrophage cell lines in vitro via toll-like receptor-4 signaling. in the present study, we examined the effects of oral administration of ac-1 on protection against 2 types of murine b16 melanoma lines, major histocomp ... | 2005 | 15729692 |
| the effect of sulphur dioxide and oxygen on the viability and culturability of a strain of acetobacter pasteurianus and a strain of brettanomyces bruxellensis isolated from wine. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of free molecular and bound forms of sulphur dioxide and oxygen on the viability and culturability of a selected strain of acetobacter pasteurianus and a selected strain of brettanomyces bruxellensis in wine. | 2005 | 15752332 |
| origins. | | 2005 | 15840567 |
| natural association of gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and diazotrophic acetobacter peroxydans with wetland rice. | the family acetobacteraceae currently includes three known nitrogen-fixing species, gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, g. johannae and g. azotocaptans. in the present study, acetic acid-producing nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from four different wetland rice varieties cultivated in the state of tamilnadu, india. most of these isolates were identified as g. diazotrophicus on the basis of their phenotypic characteristics and pcr assays using specific primers for that species. based on 16s ... | 2005 | 15900973 |
| synthesis of mesoporous titania networks consisting of anatase nanowires by templating of bacterial cellulose membranes. | mesoporous titania networks consisting of interconnected anatase nanowires have been synthesized by using unique bacterial cellulose membranes as natural biotemplates; the titania networks exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with titania microfiber networks. | 2005 | 15917937 |
| culture medium optimization for acetic acid production by a persimmon vinegar-derived bacterium. | a new acetic acid-producing microorganism, acetobacter sp. rky4, was isolated from korean traditional persimmon vinegar, and we optimized the culture medium for acetic acid production from ethanol using the newly isolated acetobacter sp. rky4. the optimized culture medium for acetic acid production using this microorganism was found to be 40 g/l ethanol, 10 g/l glycerol, 10 g/l corn steep liquor, 0.5 g/l mgso4.7h2o, and 1.0 g/l (nh4)h2po4. acetobacter sp. rky4 produced 47.1 g/l of acetic acid af ... | 2005 | 15930565 |
| the presence of acetobacter sp. in ensiled forage crops and ensiled industrial byproducts. | the presence of acetic acid bacteria (aab) in whole crop maize silage, whole crop wheat silage, pressed sugar beet pulp silage, grass silage and brewer's grains silage was investigated. aab could be isolated from whole crop maize silage, whole crop wheat silage and pressed sugar beet pulp silage, but could not be detected in grass silage (> 100 silo's tested) or brewer's grains silage (5 silo's tested). thirty aab isolates were characterized to genus level. all isolates, i.e. 20 from whole crop ... | 2001 | 15954628 |
| acetobacter aceti possesses a proton motive force-dependent efflux system for acetic acid. | acetic acid bacteria are obligate aerobes able to oxidize ethanol, sugar alcohols, and sugars into their corresponding acids. among them, acetobacter and gluconacetobacter species have very high ethanol oxidation capacity, leading to accumulation of vast amounts of acetic acid outside the cell. since these bacteria are able to grow in media with high concentrations of acetic acid, they must possess a specific mechanism such as an efflux pump by which they can resist the toxic effects of acetic a ... | 2005 | 15968043 |
| application of molecular methods to demonstrate species and strain evolution of acetic acid bacteria population during wine production. | the growth of acetic acid bacteria on grapes or throughout the winemaking process influences the quality of wine, mainly because it increases the volatile acidity. the objective of this study was to analyse how the acetic acid bacteria population evolves in the changing environment of the grape surface and during wine fermentation. we have analysed the influence of yeast inoculation and so2 addition on acetic acid bacteria populations. these bacteria were analysed at both the species and the str ... | 2005 | 16014297 |
| microbial cellulose--the natural power to heal wounds. | microbial cellulose (mc) synthesized in abundance by acetobacter xylinum shows vast potential as a novel wound healing system. the high mechanical strength and remarkable physical properties result from the unique nanostructure of the never-dried membrane. this article attempts to briefly summarize the recent developments and applications of mc in the emerging field of novel wound dressings and skin substitutes. it considers the properties of the synthesized material, its clinical performance, a ... | 2006 | 16099034 |
| correlation between acetic acid resistance and characteristics of pqq-dependent adh in acetic acid bacteria. | in this study, we compared the growth properties and molecular characteristics of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) among highly acetic acid-resistant strains of acetic acid bacteria. gluconacetobacter europaeus exhibited the highest resistance to acetic acid (10%), whereas gluconacetobacter intermedius and acetobacter pasteurianus resisted up to 6% of acetic acid. in media with different concentrations of acetic acid, the maximal acetic acid production rate of ... | 2006 | 16133326 |
| identification and characterization of lactococcal and acetobacter strains isolated from traditional caucasusian fermented milk. | the fermented milk, so-called "caspian sea yogurt" in japan, consists of two bacterial strains isolated from traditional caucasusian fermented milk. in the present study, those strains were identified and characterized. strain fc was gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci and strain fa was gram-negative, aerobic rods. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rdna sequences showed that strain fc formed a cluster with lactococcus lactis strains and was most closely related to l. lactis subsp. crem ... | 2005 | 16161770 |
| molecular basis of cellulose biosynthesis disappearance in submerged culture of acetobacter xylinum. | acetobacter xylinum strains are known as very efficient producers of bacterial cellulose which, due to its unique properties, has great application potential. one of the most important problems faced during cellulose synthesis by these bacteria is generation of cellulose non-producing cells, which can appear under submerged culture conditions. the reasons of this remain unknown. these studies have been undertaken to compare at the molecular level wild-type, cellulose producing (cel(+)) a. xylinu ... | 2005 | 16175243 |
| characterization of acetic acid bacteria in "traditional balsamic vinegar". | this study evaluated the glucose tolerance of acetic acid bacteria strains isolated from traditional balsamic vinegar. the results showed that the greatest hurdle to acetic acid bacteria growth is the high sugar concentration, since the majority of the isolated strains are inhibited by 25% of glucose. sugar tolerance is an important technological trait because traditional balsamic vinegar is made with concentrated cooked must. on the contrary, ethanol concentration of the cooked and fermented mu ... | 2006 | 16214251 |
| arsenic removal from groundwater by pretreated waste tea fungal biomass. | arsenic contamination in ground water poses a serious threat on human health. the tea fungus, a waste produced during black tea fermentation has been examined for its capacity to sequester the metal ions from ground water samples. autoclaved tea fungal mat and autoclaving followed by fecl3 pretreated tea fungal mat were exploited for removal of as(iii), as(v) and fe(ii) from ground water sample collected from kolkata, west bengal, india. the biosorption rate tends to increase with the increase i ... | 2006 | 16216732 |
| cloning and characterization of ethanol-regulated esterase genes in acetobacter pasteurianus. | the esterase encoding genes, est1 and est2, were cloned from acetobacter pasteurianus. nucleotide sequence analysis of est1 revealed a gene of 954 bp, and est1 coded for an arylesterase with a molecular weight of 34863 da consisting of 317 amino acids. the est2 gene contained an open reading frame composed of 1221 bp encoding an esterase with a molecular weight of 43389 da consisting of 406 amino acids. the est1 gene showed some similarity, but the est2 gene showed no significant homology to oth ... | 1999 | 16232420 |
| new vinegar production from onions. | the possibility of producing a new type of vinegar from worthless onions, which fail to meet the quality standards required for marketing, was investigated. several kinds of onion were initially tested as raw material for vinegar production, and vinegar was successfully produced from the juice of a red onion, the cultivar kurenai, by batch culture using yeast and acetobacter aceti. nutritional analysis revealed that the potassium content of onion vinegar was extremely high, while the amount of s ... | 1999 | 16232584 |
| effects of ph and dissolved oxygen on cellulose production by acetobacter xylinum brc5 in agitated culture. | acetobacter xylinum brc5 was cultivated in a jar fermentor using glucose as the sole carbon source. strain brc5 oxidized almost all of the glucose to gluconic acid; thereafter, it biosynthesized cellulose by utilizing gluconic acid accumulated in the broth. the optimal ph for metabolizing glucose to gluconic acid was 4.0, while a ph of 5.5 was preferred for cell growth and cellulose production from the accumulated gluconic acid in the medium. shifting the ph from 4.0 to 5.5 during the cellulose ... | 1999 | 16232595 |
| biochemical preparation of l-ribose and l-arabinose from ribitol: a new approach. | l-ribose and l-arabinose were prepared biochemically from ribitol via a two-step reaction, by which the complete oxidation of ribitol to l-ribulose (approximately 98%) was achieved by the reaction of washed cells of acetobacter aceti ifo 3281. the produced l-ribulose was then used as a substrate for the production of l-ribose and l-arabinose. the isomerization of l-ribulose to l-ribose and l-arabinose was carried out using l-ribose isomerase (l-ri) of acinetobacter sp. strain dl-28 and l-arabino ... | 1999 | 16232643 |
| production of d-lyxose from d-glucose by microbial and enzymatic reactions. | d-arabitol was first prepared from d-glucose using candida famata r28. the reaction gave 5.0% d-arabitol from 10.0% d-glucose. d-arabitol was then almost completely converted to d-xylulose using acetobacter aceti ifo 3281. finally, d-lyxose was prepared from d-xylulose enzymatically using l-ribose isomerase from toluene-treated cells of acinetobacter sp. strain dl-28. the isomerization reaction progressed steadily and the concentration of d-xylulose increased from 1.0 to 10.0%. about 70% of d-xy ... | 1999 | 16232684 |
| role of intracellular esterases in the production of esters by acetobacter pasteurianus. | esters are the major flavor compounds produced by acetobacter sp. during vinegar production. the two genes encoding the esterases in the bacteria were disrupted, and the effects of the disruptions studied. when cultured in the presence of ethanol, the est1 gene-disrupted mutant (de1k) did not produce any ethyl acetate or isoamyl acetate. however, the disruption of est2 did not affect the ester production. ethyl acetate production by n-23 (pme122p) and de1k (pme122p), which contain est1, was 1.7- ... | 2000 | 16232703 |
| location and limitation of cellulose production by acetobacter xylinum established from oxygen profiles. | the static fermentation of coconut water sucrose by acetobacter xylinum was carried out at initial ph's of 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 or 6.0. cellulose was produced at the surface, and its production was most favourable at ph's 4.0 and 5.0. these ph values also allowed for optimal bacterial growth. oxygen concentration profiles were measured with microelectrodes at different cultivation stages, and steep profiles were obtained with penetration depths between 50 and 100 microm. a substrate penetration depth a ... | 2000 | 16232770 |
| purification and molecular characterization of a quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes ifo 14464. | we have cloned and verified a gene for a novel quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) from pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes ifo 14464 that has the ability to oxidize l-sorbose to 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-klga). the enzyme was purified from the soluble fraction of the bacterium and was estimated to be a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 65 kda from the analyses of sds-page and gel-filtration chromatography. an open reading frame of 1824 bp for 608 amino acid residues was estimat ... | 2001 | 16233140 |
| a novel polysaccharide involved in the pellicle formation of acetobacter aceti. | acetobacter aceti ifo 3284 has been shown to have two types of strains: one forms a smooth-surfaced colony (s strain) and the other forms a rough-surfaced colony (r strain) (matsushita et al., 1992). in this study, both s and r strains were isolated and characterized. the s strain grew well in submerged culture but very poorly in static culture. in contrast, the r strain grew well in static culture by floating on the surface of the culture medium, as well as in shaking submerged culture. scannin ... | 2002 | 16233186 |
| cloning and characterization of groesl operon in acetobacter aceti. | the groesl operon of acetobacter aceti was cloned and sequenced. we observed that groes and groel of a. aceti had high amino acid sequence homologies to groes and groel of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. the upstream region of the groesl operon contained the heat-shock promoter, which was previously reported in alpha-purple proteobacteria, and the highly conserved inverted repeat sequence. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the a. aceti groes and groel are very closely related to those ... | 2002 | 16233284 |
| effects of endogenous endo-beta-1,4-glucanase on cellulose biosynthesis in acetobacter xylinum atcc23769. | endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (cmcax; ec 3.2.1.4) from acetobacter xylinum atcc23769 was expressed as a 6 x his-tagged fusion protein in escherichia coli. the optimal temperature, ph, k(m) and v(max) of the purified his-tagged cmcax toward carboxymethyl cellulose were 50 degrees c, 4.5, 20 mg/ml and 37.2 microm/min, respectively. the number of recognition residues of cello-oligosaccharide by this enzyme were five (cellopentaose) or longer, and the stereochemical course of hydrolysis was of the inverti ... | 2002 | 16233303 |
| cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning 13c nuclear magnetic resonance study of cellulose i-ethylenediamine complex. | complete assignments of the cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning (cp/mas) 13c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectrum of the cellulose i-ethylenediamine (eda) complex, which is the intermediate of the reaction from cellulose i to cellulose iii(i), were performed. in this paper, we used the 13c-enriched cellulose that was biosynthesized by acetobacter xylinum atcc10245 strain from culture medium containing d-(2-13c), d-(3-13c), or d-(5-13c)glucose as a carbon source. after conversion into ce ... | 2003 | 16233556 |
| quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase is involved in catabolic acetate production, while nad-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase in ethanol assimilation in acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108. | the relationship between quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and nad-dependent adh was studied by constructing quinoprotein adh-deficient mutants. quinoprotein adh-deficient mutants were successfully constructed from acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108 by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg) mutagenesis and also by adha gene disruption with a kanamycin cassette. the ntg mutant exhibited a complete loss of its acetate-producing ability and acetic acid resistance, while the disruptant also ... | 2003 | 16233574 |
| improvement of bacterial cellulose production by addition of agar in a jar fermentor. | bacterial cellulose (bc) was produced by acetobacter xylinum bpr 2001 and its acetan nonproducing mutant ep1 in corn steep liquor-fructose medium in a 10-l jar fermentor supplemented with different agar concentrations ranging from 0% to 1.0% (w/v). the bc productivity of the two strains was increased by adding agar. the maximum bc production of bpr 2001 at an agar concentration of 0.4% was 12.8 g/l compared with 8 g/l without agar. the mutant ep1 produced 11.6 g/l of bc at an agar concentration ... | 2004 | 16233586 |
| cloning and characterization of the dnakj operon in acetobacter aceti. | the dnakj operon of acetobacter aceti was cloned and sequenced. the profile of the gene configuration was similar to that of other alpha-proteobacteria. in the dnak and dnaj proteins of a. aceti, the characteristic domains/motifs reported in other organisms were well conserved. this operon was transcribed in response to a temperature shift and exposure to ethanol/acetic acid. the overexpression of this operon in a. aceti resulted in improved growth compared to the control strain at high temperat ... | 2004 | 16233640 |
| cellulose production from glucose using a glucose dehydrogenase gene (gdh)-deficient mutant of gluconacetobacter xylinus and its use for bioconversion of sweet potato pulp. | a gene fragment encoding a putative pyrroloquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase (pqq gdh) was cloned from a bacterial cellulose (bc)-forming acetic acid bacterium, gluconacetobacter xylinus (=acetobacter xylinum) strain bpr 2001, which was isolated as a high bc producer when using fructose as the carbon source. a gdh-deficient mutant of strain bpr 2001, namely gd-i, was then generated via gene disruption using the cloned gene fragment. strain gd-i produced no gluconic acid but produced 4.1 g. ... | 2005 | 16233811 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from the leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum. | sesuvium portulacastrum has long been used as a remedy for fever and scurvy. hydrodistillation was used to extract the essential oil from the fresh leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum. the essential oil yield obtained was 0.15%. using gc-ms analysis, alpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpinene, o-cymene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-terpinene, bornyl acetate, tridecane, trans-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene were identified. the hole plate diffusion method was used for antibacterial testi ... | 2006 | 16243465 |
| design for dna separation medium using bacterial cellulose fibrils. | in this paper, we present a novel dna separation medium using bacterial cellulose fibrils. bacterial cellulose has an intrinsic three-dimensional micrometer- to nanometer-scale network structure. addition of this material to a low-concentration polymer solution (<5 cp) enables high-resolution electrophoretic separation of dna, even for fragments of 10-100-bp or single-nucleotide polymorphism. the newly designed medium consists of a double mesh: a 10-nm flexible mesh derived from a conventional p ... | 2005 | 16255615 |
| quick identification of acetic acid bacteria based on nucleotide sequences of the 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer region and of the pqq-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase gene. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) are well known for oxidizing different ethanol-containing substrates into various types of vinegar. they are also used for production of some biotechnologically important products, such as sorbose and gluconic acids. however, their presence is not always appreciated since certain species also spoil wine, juice, beer and fruits. to be able to follow aab in all these processes, the species involved must be identified accurately and quickly. because of inaccuracy and very ... | 2005 | 16261863 |
| in vivo biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose. | the biocompatibility of a scaffold for tissue engineered constructs is essential for the outcome. bacterial cellulose (bc) consists of completely pure cellulose nanofibrils synthesized by acetobacter xylinum. bc has high mechanical strength and can be shaped into three-dimensional structures. cellulose-based materials induce negligible foreign body and inflammatory responses and are considered as biocompatible. the in vivo biocompatibility of bc has never been evaluated systematically. thus, in ... | 2006 | 16278860 |
| neoasaia chiangmaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel osmotolerant acetic acid bacterium in the alpha-proteobacteria. | an acetic acid bacterium, designated as isolate ac28(t), was isolated from a flower of red ginger (khing daeng in thai; alpinia purpurata) collected in chiang mai, thailand, at ph 3.5 by use of a glucose/ethanol/acetic acid (0.3%, w/v) medium. a phylogenetic tree based on 16s rrna gene sequences for 1,376 bases showed that isolate ac28(t) constituted a cluster along with the type strain of kozakia baliensis. however, the isolate formed an independent cluster in a phylogenetic tree based on 16s-2 ... | 2005 | 16314684 |
| characterization of chemically treated bacterial (acetobacter xylinum) biopolymer: some thermo-mechanical properties. | bacterial cellulose prepared from pellicles of acetobacter xylinum (gluconacetobacter xylinus) is a unique biopolymer in terms of its molecular structure, mechanical strength and chemical stability. the biochemical analysis revealed that various alkali treatment methods were effective in removing proteins and nucleic acids from native membrane resulting in pure cellulose membrane. the effect of various treatment regimens on thermo-mechanical properties of the material was investigated. the cellu ... | 2005 | 16321434 |
| characterization and spontaneous mutation of a novel gene, pole, involved in pellicle formation in acetobacter tropicalis sku1100. | acetobacter tropicalis sku1100 produces a pellicle polysaccharide, consisting of galactose, glucose and rhamnose, which attaches to the cell surface. this strain forms two types of colony on agar plates: a rough-surfaced colony (r strain) and a mucoid smooth-surfaced colony (s strain). the r strain forms a pellicle, allowing it to float on the medium surface in static culture, while the s strain does not. the pellicle is an assemblage of cells which are tightly associated with capsular polysacch ... | 2005 | 16339956 |
| preparation and activity of immobilized acetobacter suboxydans cells. | the possibility of immobilization of acetobacter suboxydans cells by entrapment within polyacrylamide gels or by intercellular cross-linking with glutaral-dehyde was investigated. the oxidation of unsubstituted alditols and aldose diethyl dithioacetals by the resultant modified cells has been achieved. | 1977 | 16345235 |
| conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone by immobilized whole cells of acetobacter xylinum. | enzymatic production of dihydroxyacetone (dha) was studied by immobilization of the whole cells of acetic acid bacteria capable of oxidizing glycerol to dha. acetobacter xylinum a-9 cells immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel were selected as the most favorable enzyme preparation. the enzymatic properties of immobilized cells converting glycerol to dha were investigated and compared with those of intact cells. the optimum ph for the immobilized cells was broad (4.0 to 5.5), whereas the intact cell ... | 1979 | 16345471 |
| evolution of acetic acid bacteria during fermentation and storage of wine. | acetic acid bacteria were present at all stages of wine making, from the mature grape through vinification to conservation. a succession of gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter pasteurianus, and acetobacter aceti during the course of these stages was noted. low levels of a. aceti remained in the wine; they exhibited rapid proliferation on short exposure of the wine to air and caused significant increases in the concentration of acetic acid. higher temperature of wine storage and higher wine ph fav ... | 1984 | 16346581 |
| acetic acid production by an electrodialysis fermentation method with a computerized control system. | in acetic acid fermentation by acetobacter aceti, the acetic acid produced inhibits the production of acetic acid by this microorganism. to alleviate this inhibitory effect, we developed an electrodialysis fermentation method such that acetic acid is continuously removed from the broth. the fermentation unit has a computerized system for the control of the ph and the concentration of ethanol in the fermentation broth. the electrodialysis fermentation system resulted in improved cell growth and h ... | 1988 | 16347520 |
| cloning of the membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase gene of acetobacter polyoxogenes and improvement of acetic acid production by use of the cloned gene. | a genomic clone bank of acetobacter polyoxogenes nbi1028 constructed in escherichia coli by use of the expression vector puc18 was screened with antibody raised against membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh; 75 kilodaltons [kda]) from a. polyoxogenes nbi1028. a clone that synthesized a 41-kda protein cross-reactive with anti-aldh antibody was isolated. for cloning of the full-length aldh structural gene, a cosmid gene bank was screened by southern blot hybridization with the cloned dna as ... | 1989 | 16347820 |
| synthetic medium for acetobacter xylinum that can be used for isolation of auxotrophic mutants and study of cellulose biosynthesis. | acetobacter xylinum is a bacterium that can synthesize cellulose when grown in an undefined medium containing glucose. we developed a defined minimal medium for a. xylinum that contains 1% glucose, 0.1% nh(4)cl, 0.115% citric acid, 0.33% na(2)hpo(4), 0.01% kcl, 0.025% mgso(4). 7h(2)o, and 7.5 mg of nicotinamide per liter which both allows cellulose synthesis and can be used to isolate a variety of auxotrophic mutants. | 1989 | 16347923 |
| alternative environmental roles for cellulose produced by acetobacter xylinum. | the cellulose-producing bacterium acetobacter xylinum has been considered a strict aerobe, and it has been suggested that the function of cellulose is to hold cells in an aerobic environment. in this study, we showed that a. xylinum is capable of growing microaerophilically. cellulose pellicles provided significant protection to a. xylinum cells from the killing effects of uv light. in experiments measuring colonization by a. xylinum, molds, and other bacteria on pieces of apple, cellulose pelli ... | 1989 | 16348023 |
| acetic acid bacterial biota of the pink sugar cane mealybug, saccharococcus sacchari, and its environs. | saccharococcus sacchari is the primary colonizer of the developing "sterile" tissue between the leaf sheath and stem of sugar cane. the honeydew secreted by the mealybugs is acidic (about ph 3) and supports an atypical epiphytic microbiota dominated by acetobacter-like bacteria and acidophilic yeast species. however, erwinia and leuconostoc species predominate within the leaf sheath pocket region when the mealybugs die out. the unidentified acetobacters were readily isolated from s. sacchari thr ... | 1990 | 16348144 |
| limited genetic diversity in the endophytic sugarcane bacterium acetobacter diazotrophicus. | acetobacter diazotrophicus isolates that originated from different sugarcane cultivars growing in diverse geographic regions of mexico and brazil were shown to have limited genetic diversity. measurements of polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobilities of metabolic enzymes revealed that the mean genetic diversity per enzyme locus (among the four electrophoretic types distinguished) was 0.064. the results of the genetic analysis indicate that the genetic structure of a. diazotrophicus is clonal ... | 1994 | 16349254 |
| successive microbial populations in calimyrna figs. | smyrna-type (calimyrna) figs have essentially sterile internal tissue until visited by the pollinating fig wasp, blastophaga psenes, which introduces a specific microflora consisting of candida guilliermondii var. carpophila and serratia plymuthica. this flora persists and develops in numbers throughout the ripening period until maturity of the fruit. these organisms do not cause spoilage. the presence of c. guilliermondii var. carpophila appears to increase the attractiveness of the fruit to dr ... | 1962 | 16349620 |
| production of l-ribulose by dehydrogenation of ribitol with gluconobacter oxydans. | | 2005 | 16366284 |
| acetobacter turbidans alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase: how a single mutation improves an antibiotic-producing enzyme. | the alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (aeh) from acetobacter turbidans is a bacterial enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis and synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics. the crystal structures of the native enzyme, both unliganded and in complex with the hydrolysis product d-phenylglycine are reported, as well as the structures of an inactive mutant (s205a) complexed with the substrate ampicillin, and an active site mutant (y206a) with an increased tendency to catalyze antibiotic production rather than hy ... | 2006 | 16377627 |
| application of molecular methods for routine identification of acetic acid bacteria. | recently many new species of acetic acid bacteria have been described. the description and identification as new species was based on molecular techniques (sequencing of the 16s rrna gene, dna base ratio (% gc) determinations and dna-dna hybridisation) and phenotypic characterization. in the present paper, we propose a fast and reliable method for the identification most of the species currently described based on the rflp-pcr of the 16s rrna. according to the proposed protocol, 1 species can be ... | 2006 | 16386324 |
| putative abc transporter responsible for acetic acid resistance in acetobacter aceti. | two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of the membrane fraction of acetobacter aceti revealed the presence of several proteins that were produced in response to acetic acid. a 60-kda protein, named aata, which was mostly induced by acetic acid, was prepared; aata was cloned on the basis of its nh2-terminal amino acid sequence. aata, consisting of 591 amino acids and containing atp-binding cassette (abc) sequences and abc signature sequences, belonged to the abc transporter superfamily. the ... | 2006 | 16391084 |
| acetobacter oeni sp. nov., isolated from spoiled red wine. | a bacterial strain, designated b13t, was isolated from spoiled red wine from the dão region, portugal. the strain was gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile. phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequences indicated that b13t belonged to the genus acetobacter within the alphaproteobacteria. the closest related species was acetobacter aceti, with 98.4 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity. dna-dna hybridization showed that b13t constituted a taxon separate from the ace ... | 2006 | 16403860 |
| molecular analysis of 16s-23s spacer regions of acetobacter species. | 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer regions (its) similarities were determined in 8 acetobacter and 1 gluconacetobacter strains. its-pcr amplification of the 16s-23s spacers showed 2 products of similar size in 7 strains; only 1 product of similar size was found in the 2 remaining strains. analysis of the pcr products using restriction endonucleases haeiii, hpaii and alui revealed 3 different restriction groups of a. pasteurianus for alui and haeiii, and 4 restriction groups for hpaii. its ... | 2005 | 16408846 |
| the utilization of sugar cane molasses with/without the presence of lignosulfonate for the production of bacterial cellulose. | production of bacterial cellulose (bc) using sugar cane molasses (mo) with/without the presence of lignosulfonate (mol) as a sole carbon source in a hestrin-schramm medium (hs) was investigated. six strains of acetobacter xylinum [american type culture collection 10245 and institute of fermentation in osaka (ifo) 13693, 13772, 13773, 14815, and 15237] were screened for their bc production. the yield of the bc among all the strains from both the mo and mol media was much higher than that from the ... | 2006 | 16450110 |
| j1 acylase, a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase from bacillus laterosporus j1, is a member of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold superfamily. | j1 acylase, a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase (gca) isolated from bacillus laterosporus j1, has been conventionally grouped as the only member of class v gca, although its amino acid sequence shares less than 10% identity with members of other classes of gca. instead, it shows higher sequence similarities with rhodococcus sp. strain mb1 cocaine esterase (rhcoce) and acetobacter turbidans alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (ataeh), members of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold superfamily. ... | 2006 | 16469317 |
| succession of bacterial and fungal communities during a traditional pot fermentation of rice vinegar assessed by pcr-mediated denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) based on small subunit rrna gene was applied to a traditional rice vinegar fermentation process in which the conversion of rice starch into acetic acid proceeded in a pot. the fungal dgge profile indicated that the transition from aspergillus oryzae to saccharomyces sp. took place at the initial stage at which alcohol production was observed. the early stage was characterized by the coexistence of saccharomyces sp. and lactic acid bacteria. almost a ... | 2006 | 16499984 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the cellulose biosynthesis-related protein cmcax from acetobacter xylinum. | the cellulose biosynthesis-related protein cmcax from acetobacter xylinum was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. single crystals of selenomethionine (semet) substituted cmcax were obtained by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 293 k, primarily using polyethylene glycol 4000 as a precipitant. the crystals belong to the primitive hexagonal space group p6(1) or p6(5), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 89.1, c = 94.2 a. the predicted matthews coefficient (vm) valu ... | 2005 | 16511009 |
| further evidence that the n(inf2)-fixing endophytic bacterium from the intercellular spaces of sugarcane stems is acetobacter diazotrophicus. | nitrogen-fixing bacteria, isolated from the sugar solution in intercellular spaces of sugarcane stems, were compared with the type strain of acetobacter diazotrophicus (pal-5) and found to be congruent with it in all characters studied. these characters were 37 morphological and biochemical tests, cellular fatty acid composition, and nitrogenase activity. the nitrogenase activity was measured by acetylene reduction and h(inf2) evolution and found to be unusual in that the h(inf2) evolution was s ... | 1995 | 16535026 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the membrane-bound l-sorbosone dehydrogenase gene of acetobacter liquefaciens ifo 12258 and its expression in gluconobacter oxydans. | volume 61, no. 2, p. 419, column 1, lines 15-19: this sentence should read as follows. "the alcohol dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase have a common region reported to be related to pyrroloquinoline quinone binding (2, 10), but sndh does not contain such a region, indicating that sndh is not a quinoprotein." page 419, column 2, line 12: "(table 4)" should read "(table 3)." [this corrects the article on p. 413 in vol. 61.]. | 1995 | 16535037 |
| genetic structure of acetobacter diazotrophicus populations and identification of a new genetically distant group. | a total of 55 isolates of acetobacter diazotrophicus recovered from diverse sucrose-rich host plants and from mealybugs associated with sugarcane plants were characterized by the electrophoretic mobilities of 12 metabolic enzymes. we identified seven different electrophoretic types (ets), six of which are closely related within a genetic distance of 0.195 and exhibit high dna-dna homology. the seventh et was largely divergent, separated at a genetic distance of 0.53, and had only 54% dna homolog ... | 1995 | 16535102 |
| the low biomass yields of the acetic acid bacterium acetobacter pasteurianus are due to a low stoichiometry of respiration-coupled proton translocation. | growth energetics of the acetic acid bacterium acetobacter pasteurianus were studied with aerobic, ethanol-limited chemostat cultures. in these cultures, production of acetate was negligible. carbon limitation and energy limitation were also evident from the observation that biomass concentrations in the cultures were proportional to the concentration of ethanol in the reservoir media. nevertheless, low concentrations of a few organic metabolites (glycolate, citrate, and mannitol) were detected ... | 1997 | 16535681 |
| cultivation of cellulose-splitting bacteria on membranes of acetobacter xylinum. | | 1937 | 16559991 |
| some effects of association and competition on acetobacter. | | 1938 | 16560158 |
| the preparation of perseulose by oxidation of perseitol with acetobacter suboxydans. | | 1939 | 16560230 |
| growth factors for bacteria: xiv. growth requirements of acetobacter suboxydans. | | 1943 | 16560624 |
| motility in the genus acetobacter. | | 1943 | 16560718 |
| amino acid requirements of acetobacter suboxydans. | | 1945 | 16560942 |
| cellulose biogenesis: polymerization and crystallization are coupled processes in acetobacter xylinum. | calcofluor white st, stilbene derivative used commerically as an optical brightener for cellulose, increased the rate of glucose polymerization into cellulose by resting cells of the gram-negative bacterium acetobacter xylinum. this bacterium normally produces a ribbon of cellulose that is a composite of crystalline microfibrils. in concentrations above 0.1 mm, calcofluor disrupts the assembly of crystalline cellulose i microfibrils and their integration into a composite ribbon by stoichiometric ... | 1980 | 16592918 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: visual characterization of the process. | cellulose from the gram-negative bacterium acetobacter xylinum has been used as a model substrate for visualizing the action of cellulase enzymes from the fungus trichoderma reesei. high-resolution electron microscopy reveals that a. xylinum normally produces a ribbon of cellulose that is a composite of bundles of crystalline microfibrils. visual patterns of the process of cellulose degradation have been established. enzymes are initially observed bound to the cellulose ribbon. within 10 min, th ... | 1981 | 16592961 |
| requirement for a membrane potential for cellulose synthesis in intact cells of acetobacter xylinum. | the marked lability in cell-free preparations of the enzyme system involved in cellulose biosynthesis in most organisms studied led us to investigate factors responsible for loss of activity on cellular disruption. previous studies have led to the suggestion that the existence of a transmembrane electrical potential (deltapsi) may be one factor responsible for maintaining an active system in intact cells. in this report, we show that dissipation of the deltapsi in metabolizing cells of acetobact ... | 1982 | 16593224 |
| in vitro synthesis of cellulose ii from a cytoplasmic membrane fraction of acetobacter xylinum. | the cytoplasmic and outer membranes of acetobacter xylinum (atcc 53582) were isolated by discontinuous sucrose density ultracentrifugation. both lysozyme (ec 3.2.1.17) and trypsin (ec 3.4.21.4) were required for efficient crude membrane separation. primary dehydrogenases and nadh oxidase were used as cytoplasmic membrane markers, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid was used to identify the outer membranes. cellulose synthetase (udp-glucose:1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-beta-d-glucosyltransferase; ec 2.4.1. ... | 1987 | 16593877 |
| a novel type of formaldehyde-oxidizing enzyme from the membrane of acetobacter sp. sku 14. | membrane-bound nadp-independent formaldehyde-oxidizing enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the membrane of acetobacter sp. sku 14 isolated in thailand. the enzyme was solubilized from the membrane fraction of glycerol-grown cells with 1% tween 20 at ph 2.85, and purified to homogeneity through the steps of column chromatographies on deae-sephadex a-50 and q-sepharose in the presence of 0.1% tween 20 and 0.1% triton x-100. the enzyme purified together with a cytochrome c showed a single prote ... | 2006 | 16636451 |
| dehydrogenation of ribitol with gluconobacter oxydans: production and stability of l-ribulose. | l-ribulose is an important chiral lead molecule used for the synthesis of, among others, l-ribose, a high-value rare sugar used in the preparation of antiviral drugs. these drugs--nucleoside-analogues--gain importance in the treatment of severe viral diseases, like those caused by the hiv or hepatitis virus. in this study, factors that may have an impact on l-ribulose production with gluconobacter oxydans and on the stability of l-ribulose were investigated. a bioconversion-type process, using w ... | 2006 | 16650498 |
| on the nitrogen content of growing cultures of mycoderma and of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | | 1928 | 16652550 |
| gel-electrophoretic separation, detection, and characterization of plant and bacterial udp-glucose glucosyltransferases. | we have developed procedures for detection and characterization of udp-glucose: glucosyltransferases following electrophoretic separation in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. using digitonin-solubilized membrane protein preparations from a variety of plants and two cellulose-producing bacteria, activity can be demonstrated for several udp-glucose:beta-glucan synthases with an in situ assay following gel electrophoresis. these enzymes can be characterized within the gels with respect to effector ... | 1986 | 16664924 |
| oxygen isotope exchange between metabolites and water during biochemical reactions leading to cellulose synthesis. | cellulose was produced heterotrophically from different carbon substrates by carrot tissue cultures and acetobacter xylinum (a cellulose-producing bacterium) and by castor bean seeds germinated in the dark, in each case in the presence of water having known concentration of oxygen-18 ((18)o). we used the relationship between the amount of (18)o in the water and in the cellulose that was synthesized to determine the number and (18)o content of the substrate oxygens that exchanged with water durin ... | 1986 | 16665045 |
| pea xyloglucan and cellulose: vi. xyloglucan-cellulose interactions in vitro and in vivo. | since xyloglucan is believed to bind to cellulose microfibrils in the primary cell walls of higher plants and, when isolated from the walls, can also bind to cellulose in vitro, the binding mechanism of xyloglucan to cellulose was further investigated using radioiodinated pea xyloglucan. a time course for the binding showed that the radioiodinated xyloglucan continued to be bound for at least 4 hours at 40 degrees c. binding was inhibited above ph 6. binding capacity was shown to vary for cellul ... | 1987 | 16665254 |
| the polyvinyl alcohol-bacterial cellulose system as a new nanocomposite for biomedical applications. | finding materials suitable for soft tissue replacement is an important aspect for medical devices design and fabrication. there is a need to develop a material that will not only display similar mechanical properties as the tissue it is replacing, but also shows improved life span, biocompatibility, nonthrombogenic, and low degree of calcification. polyvinyl alcohol (pva) is a hydrophilic biocompatible polymer with various characteristics desired for biomedical applications. pva can be transform ... | 2006 | 16680717 |
| the ;catalase test', with special reference to acetobacter species. | | 1943 | 16747578 |
| oxidations in acetobacter. | | 1946 | 16747986 |
| surface-engineered bacterial cellulose as template for crystallization of calcium phosphate. | bacterial cellulose (bc), produced by acetobacter xylinum, and cotton linters as reference were surface modified by ozone-induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid and used as a template for crystallization of calcium phosphate. the grafting was verified using attenuated total reflection-infrared radiation (atr-ir) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (esca). atr-ir revealed an additional absorption band at 1700 cm(-1), corresponding to the carbonyl group in polyacrylic acid. esca ... | 2006 | 16768294 |