| replication of spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus in permissive and non-permissive lepidopteran cell lines. | the spodoptera exigua multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) was inoculated to eight lepidopteran cell lines derived from spodoptera exigua (se301), spodoptera frugiperda (sf21aeii), spodoptera littoralis (cls-79), spodoptera litura (spli-221), pseudaletia separata (lese-11), trichoplusia ni (hi-5), plutella xylostella (pxl/c) and bombyx mori (bmn4). the productive infection of semnpv was observed only in se301 cells. however, a dot-blot hybridization analysis revealed that semnpv dna r ... | 1998 | 10358729 |
| cloning and expression of apolipophorin-iii from the common cutworm, spodoptera litura. | we have cloned apolipophorin-iii (apolp-iii) cdna from adult fat body of spodoptera litura. the sequence encodes a 188 amino acid polypeptide including a 22 amino acid leader peptide. the circular dichroism spectrum from the purified apolp-iii indicated a considerable content of alpha-helix. sequence alignment showed that s. litura apolp-iii has a relatively high degree of sequence identity with the apolps-iii of lepidopteran, manduca sexta (72%), galleria mellonella (67%), bombyx mori (60%). th ... | 1998 | 9880904 |
| characterization of the polyhedrin gene of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the polyhedrin gene (polh) of a characteristically distinct spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolate (simnpv) is identified in the hindiii-f fragment of the viral dna. the nucleotide sequence of the 1057 base pair (bp) region of this fragment contains an open reading frame (orf) without any intervening sequence for coding a polypeptide of 246 amino acids. analysis of the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence indicate that this has more than 70% sequence identity to know ... | 1997 | 9311561 |
| insecticidal activity and processing in larval gut juices of genetically engineered 130-kda proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. | the 130-kda insecticidal protein (ip) of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai is proteolytically processed in the gut juice of susceptible insect larvae to yield an insecticidally active 60-kda fragment. twenty-seven mutant ip genes with the replacement of codons for arg and lys with codons for gln in the active fragment and its adjacent regions of the 130-kda ip were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed in escherichia coli cells. the produced mutant ips at arg87, arg131, arg1 ... | 1992 | 1368122 |
| expression of lacz reporter gene under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | promoter function of the putative polyhedrin-encoding gene (polh) of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (s1mnpv) was determined by transferring it to the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) through the acnpv polh based vector, pvl1393. three transfer vectors pcbt2, pcbt3 and pcbt4 were constructed by substituting the promoter and the neighbouring sequences of acnpv in pvl1393 by that of s1npv. the escherichia coli lacz gene was placed downstream from the s1npv po ... | 1997 | 9185860 |
| laboratory screening of different bacillus thuringiensis strains against certain lepidopteran pests and subsequent field evaluation on the pod boring pest complex of pigeonpea (cajanus cajan). | laboratory evaluation of different bacillus thuringiensis subspecies revealed that b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (ncim 2514) at 10(8) spores/ml concentration caused more than 85% mortality to the neonate larvae of the lepidopteran insects spodoptera litura (f.) and phthorimaea operculella (z.). this strain at 10(10) spores/ml concentration was effective against the major lepidopteran pests comprising the pod boring complex of pigeonpea (cajanus cajan), viz. helicoverpa armigera (h.) and exela ... | 1997 | 9195006 |
| envelope protein of parasitic wasp symbiont virus, polydnavirus, protects the wasp eggs from cellular immune reactions by the host insect. | cotesia kariyai polydnavirus (ckpdv) virions are present in the oviducts of c. kariyai wasp and are injected with eggs into the hemocoel of the host armyworm pseudaletia separata larvae during parasitization. evidence that the presence of polydnavirus particles on the surface of the wasp eggs may be essential for prevention of cellular immune reactions by the host hemocytes was obtained by isolating an immunoevasive factor from ckpdv virions. the purified proteinaceous factor protects foreign ma ... | 1997 | 9219544 |
| insecticidal activity of the protein encoded by the cryv gene of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ina-02. | a new host specificity was discovered with the insecticidal protein encoded by the cryv gene. the cryv gene was cloned from the bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki ina-02 strain, which was selected among a number of b. thuringiensis isolates because of its high activity against spodoptera litura. analyses by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) revealed that ina-02 contained the cryia(a) and cryv genes. since no spodoptera activity was observed with b. thuringiensis sotto, which contained only cryia(a), ... | 1996 | 8867460 |
| genome organization of the dna-binding protein gene region of cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus is closely related to that of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses. | the nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of a conserved genome region within the ecori g fragment of cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus (clgv) is presented. five open reading frames (orfs) were identified which were homologous to those of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv), located upstream of the helicase gene (p143) at 63.6 to 65.6 map units. the orfs of clgv and acmnpv share nucleotide sequence homologies of about 47 to 53% and are very similarly arrange ... | 1994 | 8021613 |
| establishment of a cell line from spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and replication of s. litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus in vitro. | a new cell line, designated ibl-slo1a, was established from pupal ovaries of the tobacco cutworm spodoptera litura. cells were grown in the tnm-fh insect cell culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. the subculture of cells was initiated with 1-3 x 10(5) cells/ml, a split ratio about 1:10. the growth curve of the cells fit the model of exponential growth (y = e-0.6750 + 0.0317x r2 = 0. 98), the population doubling time during logarithmic growth at 28 degrees c was 21.9 hr. the nu ... | 1997 | 9028921 |
| replication of a mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a newly established mamestra brassicae cell line. | a continuous cell line, designated mbl-3, was newly established from minced neonate larvae of the cabbage armyworm, mamestra brassicae. this new cell line is heteroploid, containing triploid cells predominantly at the frequency of about 50%. doubling time of the cell population is 33 hrs. the akutsu isolate of a mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mbnpv) was examined for replication in 16 continuous cell lines, including the cell line mbl-3, from seven lepidoptera species: mamestra br ... | 1995 | 8578995 |
| characteristically distinct isolates of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from spodoptera litura. | more than 100 isolates were plaque-purified to examine the genetic variations in four wild stocks of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) collected in japan. these isolates were characterized by their in vitro host range in three established insect cell lines, growth characteristics, polyhedral protein, dna restriction endonuclease pattern and dna hybridization. the isolates were separated into four distinct groups: (i) isolates corresponding to autographa californica npv, (ii and ... | 1990 | 2254753 |
| immunologically unrelated heliothis sp. and spodoptera sp. midgut membrane-proteins bind bacillus thuringiensis cryia(b) delta-endotoxin. | the bacillus thuringiensis toxins, cryia(a), cryia(b), cryia(c) and cryic were used in a ligand-blot assay to detect specific toxin-binding proteins in the brush-border membranes of heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, spodoptera littoralis, spodoptera exigua and spodoptera litura. while cryia(a) and cryia(b) always recognize the same protein(s) in a given species, cryia(c) and cryic were found to bind to other proteins. polyclonal antibodies directed against the cryia(b) binding protein of h. ... | 1993 | 8383036 |
| role of insects as inhalant allergens in bronchial asthma with special reference to the clinical characteristics of patients. | the whole body extracts (wbes) of 13 common insects from delhi, namely musca domestica (house fly); sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil); callosobrochous maculatus (pulse beetle); anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti (mosquitoes); blattella germanica and periplaneta americana (cockroaches: male, female and nymph); spodoptera litura and heliothis armigera (moths), were prepared to evaluate their allergenic significance in patients with allergic bronchial asthma. intradermal (i ... | 1990 | 2253082 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of a spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) isolate. | the dna of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) propagated in the larvae of s. litura was analysed with alui, apai, bamhi, bglii, bsteii, bstni, clai, ecori, ecorv, hindiii, hinfi, kpni, mspi, psti, pvuii, sali, sau3ai, smai, taqi, xbai, and xhoi. the unique restriction endonuclease profiles of the virus indicate it to be a distinct npv isolate. the size of the viral genome was estimated to 132 kbp; the genome was mapped with hindiii and psti. | 1996 | 8799322 |
| two new isolates of bacillus thuringiensis pathogenic to spodoptera litura. | both the standard bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (hd-1) and the formulated commercial product resulted from this strain have shown limited pathogenicity against the tobacco cutworm (spodoptera litura). however, two new isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (k-2074 and k-2178) isolated from taiwan have been identified through an active screening program to be highly pathogenic against the tobacco cutworm. in this paper, we present results of characterization and the pathogenicity of these two new i ... | 1991 | 1885923 |
| insecticidal activity of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis on spodoptera litura f. larvae. | the inhibitors of polyamine (pa) biosynthesis such as alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo), methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (mgbg) and bis (cyclohexylammonium) sulphate (bcha) have been used to protect crop plants from pathogenic fungi. in this communication the insecticidal activity of these inhibitors on tobacco caterpillar, s. litura has been reported. all the inhibitors exhibited insecticidal activity; mgbg being more effective than others. the results suggest, for the first time, a poss ... | 1991 | 1794877 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the chitinase gene of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | using acmnpv chia-containing fragment as a probe, the chitinase gene of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (spltnpv) was localized in two contiguous fragments, xbai 5.1 kb and 2.1 kb, and the intact spltnpv chia gene was obtained by cloning and sequencing those two fragments. the complete open reading frame of the gene was 1 695 nucleotide long, encoding a putative protein of 564 amino acids with molecular weight of 62.9 kd. sequence analysis further revealed that the 5' noncoding regi ... | 2000 | 12058207 |
| cell growth activity of growth-blocking peptide. | growth-blocking peptide (gbp) is an insect biogenic peptide that retards the development of lepidopteran larvae. cdnas encoding gbp were isolated from three lepidopteran species: pseudaletia separata, mamestra brassicae and spodoptera litura. comparison of these molecules revealed that the gbp coding regions were 70% homologous. in contrast, the upstream regions of the deduced propeptides were only 33% identical. sequence analysis further suggested that gbp shares some structural similarities wi ... | 1998 | 9753606 |
| green-tissue-specific expression of a reconstructed cry1c gene encoding the active fragment of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin in haploid tobacco plants conferring resistance to spodoptera litura. | the dna sequence of a truncated cry1c gene encoding the active fragment of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxin was fully reconstructed by introduction of silent mutations. each of the truncated wild type and the synthetic genes encoding the active fragment of the protoxin was introduced into haploid tobacco plants under the control of the rbcs promoter. to facilitate selection of transgenic tobacco plants with high insecticidal activity, a fusion gene encoding both rat cyp1a1 cytochrome ... | 1999 | 10501003 |
| construction of chimeric insecticidal proteins between the 130-kda and 135-kda proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai for analysis of structure-function relationship. | eight chimeric insecticidal protein (ip) genes were constructed between the 130-kda and 135-kda ip genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, and expressed in escherichia coli jm103 cells. the characterization of the produced chimeric ips indicated that the variable region (vr1) in the amino-terminal half of the ips is responsible for the insecticidal activity against larvae of spodoptera litura and plutella xylostella. the carboxy-terminal half of vr1 was important for the formation of the ... | 1990 | 1368534 |
| processing of delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 and hd-73 by gut juices of various insect larvae. | midgut juices were prepared from adoxophyes sp., smaller tea tortrix (stt); bombyx mori, silkworm (sw); spodoptera litura, common cutworm (ccw); plutella xylostella, diamondback moth (dbm); and musca domestica, housefly (hf) and immobilized onto sepharose 4b. delta-endotoxins (icps) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 and hd-73 were digested by these immobilized gut juice proteases. all gut juices tested derived relatively proteolytic resistant cores from icp. the molecular sizes of ... | 1992 | 1328398 |
| establishment of two new cell lines from bombyx mori (l.) (lepidoptera: bombycidae) & their susceptibility to baculoviruses. | lepidopteran cell cultures and baculovirus expression vector systems are becoming popular due to their potential applications in biotechnology especially for the expression of foreign proteins. efforts were made to develop new, indigenous, cell lines from bombyx mori larvae and pupae. | 2002 | 12362558 |
| effects of caffeine and theophylline on the fecundity of four lepidopteran species. | effects of secondary plant metabolites (caffeine and theophylline on reproduction of lepidopteran species were studied using bombyx mori, spodoptera litura, danaus chrysippus and catopsilia crocale as test organisms. reproductive potential (ovary length and egg number) was significantly reduced in the lepidopterans receiving caffeine/theophylline treated leaves in comparison to the control. protein and energy contents in the egg of the moths showed remarkable decrease with increasing concentrati ... | 1985 | 3850026 |
| characterization of the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene of spodoptera litura multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene of spodoptera litura multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv), guangzhouisolate was sequenced. the open reading frame of the gene is 1530 nucleotides long, encoding a putative protein of 509 amino acids with mr of 58,500. the 5' noncoding region has a tata box. a polyadenylation signal, aataaa, is contained downstream of the translation stop codon. a putative signal peptide is present at the n-terminus of the protein. homology compariso ... | 1999 | 10719631 |
| isolation and partial characterization of binding proteins for immobilized delta endotoxin from solubilized brush border membrane vesicles of the silkworm, bombyx mori, and the common cutworm, spodoptera litura. | 1. brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) were prepared from the bombyx mori, and spodoptera litura, midguts. bbmv was solubilized. 2. activated delta endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis were immobilized. 3. solubilized bbmv proteins were applied to the toxin column and the proteins bound were analyzed by sds-page. 4. in the case of b. mori m(r) = 220,000, 150,000 and 130,000 and in the case of s. litura 160,000 bands were detected. 5. the bindings were inhibited by n-acetyl galactosamine and m ... | 1992 | 1323444 |
| synthesis and stereostructure-activity relationship of three asymmetric center pyrethroids: 2-methyl-3-phenylcyclopropylmethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl ether and cyanohydrin ester. | 2-methyl-3-phenylcyclopropylmethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl ether 2 and cyanohydrin ester 3, a couple of pyrethroids with three asymmetric centers, were synthesized. of each of the four diastereomers of 2 and 3, only the (1r*,2r*,3r*)-2a and 3a showed significant insecticidal activities. dual sets of enantiomers [(1r,2r,3r)-(-)-2a and (1s,2s,3s)-(+)-2a] and [(1r,2r,3r)-(-)-3a and (1s,2s,3s)-(+)-3a] were synthesized through the asymmetric cyclopropanation using the aratani catalyst. significant separation ... | 2001 | 11197343 |
| carbamate and organophosphate resistance in cotton pests in india, 1995 to 1999. | monitoring for organophosphate and carbamate resistance was carried out on five major insect pests of cotton collected from 22 cotton-growing districts across india. resistance was monitored in helicoverpa armigera (hübner) and pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) for the period 1995-1999 and for spodoptera litura (fabricius), earias vittella (fabricius) and bemisia tabaci (gennadius) in a survey conducted during the 1997-98 cropping season. of the 53 field strains of h. armigera, only four were ... | 2001 | 11228586 |
| identification of insertion and deletion genes in autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus variants isolated from galleria mellonella, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera litura and xestia c-nigrum. | the genomic dna of four autographa californica multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) variants isolated from galleria mellonella, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera litura and xestia c-nigrum was analyzed in comparison with the acmnpv e2 strain. restriction endonuclease analysis revealed a deletion and an insertion in collinear regions of the four variants. polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that, in the four variants, the deletion occurred in the region corresponding to acmnpv c6 ... | 2000 | 11129632 |
| insecticidal activity of essential oils to the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura. | twenty-one essential oils were tested for insecticidal activity via topical administration to third instar larvae of the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura. oils of satureia hortensis, thymus serpyllum and origanum creticum produced >90% larval mortality at 24 h at a dose of 100 microg per larva. the ld(50) value for s. hortensis (48.4 microg) was comparable to that for thymus vulgaris (46.9 microg). the monoterpenoid phenols thymol and carvacrol, major constituents of the oils of thymus and sat ... | 2001 | 11163945 |
| production of functional hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) in insect cells infected with an hgf-recombinant baculovirus in a serum-free medium. | three insect cell lines, sl-7b cells derived from spodoptera litura, sf9, and high five (hi-5) cells, were used for the production of pro-hepatocyte growth factor (pro-hgf). cells were cultured and then infected with a recombinant hgf-containing baculovirus in a serum-free medium. in sl-7b cells, pro-hgf is synthesized and excreted from the cells and late in infection is converted to a heterodimeric form of hgf even when the cells are grown in serum free medium. conversion of a single-chain form ... | 2000 | 10753438 |
| highly toxic and broad-spectrum insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis engineered by using the transposon tn917 and protoplast fusion. | the chromosome of the bacillus thuringiensis strain s184 that was toxic against the third instar larvae of spodoptera litura with the lc(50) of 9.74 microg/ml was successfully integrated into two genes of cyt1aa and cry11aa using the transposon tn917, yielding the primary engineered strain tnx. the strain tnx was highly toxic to the third instar larvae of culex pipiens fatigans with the lc(50) of 5.12 ng/ml which was 1.82-fold higher than that of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, but lowly to ... | 2001 | 11391474 |
| acute, sublethal, antifeedant, and synergistic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura (lep., noctuidae). | monoterpenoids (terpenes and biogenically related phenols) commonly found in plant essential oils were tested for acute toxicity via topical application to tobacco cutworms (spodoptera litura fab.). the most toxic among 10 such compounds was thymol (ld(50) = 25.4 microg/larva) from garden thyme, thymus vulgaris. the compounds were then tested for sublethal effects, specifically inhibition of larval growth after topical application of low doses. among 6 compounds tested, an ld(10) dose reduced gr ... | 2001 | 11262018 |
| a new continuous cell line from larval hemocytes of spodoptera litura (f.). | a new cell line has been established from larval hemocytes of the moth, s. litura (tobacco cut worm). it took 147 days to form a monolayer and one year for the first 17 passages. at present, the culture is at 86th passage level and is designated niv-su-1095. three cell types could be distinguished, viz. plasmatocytes (53%), prohemocytes (36%) and granular hemocytes (11%). the chromosome number was very high, 74% metaphase cells showed more than 100 chromosomes. the cells could be cryopreserved. ... | 2000 | 11411040 |
| cloning and functional expression of a chitinase cdna from the common cutworm, spodoptera litura, using a recombinant baculovirus lacking the virus-encoded chitinase gene. | a chitinase cdna named slchi was cloned from the epidermis of the common cutworm, spodoptera litura, and the enzymatic properties of its recombinant proteins were characterized. the slchi cdna encodes 552 amino-acid residues (aa) including a 19 aa putative signal peptide, with the calculated molecular mass of the putative mature protein 60,152 da. a major transcript of slchi about 2.8 kb was detected in the epidermis only during molting in the last instar larvae, suggesting its involvement in th ... | 2001 | 11267891 |
| sequence analysis of the spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. | the complete spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) genome contained 139,342 bp with a g+c content of 42.7%, and 141 putative open reading frames (orfs) or genes of 150 nucleotides or greater that showed minimal overlap. ninety-six orfs had homologues in autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), 16 had homologues in other baculoviruses, and 29 were unique to spltmnpv. the homologues of ubiquitin and gp37 are fused in spltmnpv. the genome lacked a ho ... | 2001 | 11531416 |
| growth inhibitory and antifeedant activity of extracts from melia dubia to spodoptera litura and helicoverpa armigera larvae. | the growth inhibitory activity and deterrency of melia dubia (meliaceae) extracts to spodoptera litura and helicoverpa armigera were investigated. artificial diet bioassays using neonate larvae of both s. litura and h. armigera indicated that dichloroethane (dce) and methanol (me) extracts of m. dubia inhibited growth in a dose dependent manner. dce and me-5ii fractions also resulted in 50% deterrency at concentrations of 22.5 and 16.8 micrograms/cm2 respectively against s. litura larvae in a le ... | 2000 | 11233088 |
| insect antifeedant and growth regulating activities of quassinoids from samadera indica. | four quassinoids, indaquassin c (1), samaderins c (2), b (3) and a (4), isolated from the seeds and bark of samadera indica, were tested for insect antifeedant and growth regulatory activities against the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura. indaquassin c was the most effective antifeedant. samaderin c increased pupal duration and induced pupal mortality. | 2001 | 11429258 |
| characterization of the antiapoptotic (p35) gene homologue of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus (slnpv). | antiapoptotic genes of baculoviruses have been shown to prevent virus induced apoptosis in insect cells. dot blot and southern hybridizations of ecori genomic library and genomic digests of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus (slnpv) respectively give strong hybridization signals with antiapoptotic dna (p35 gene) probe of the prototype autographa californica nucleopolyhedrosis virus (acnpv). both the hybridizations indicate the presence of a homologous gene in the 1.8 kb ecori-y fragment ... | 2001 | 12075935 |
| trehalase inhibitors, validoxylamine a and related compounds as insecticides. | validoxylamine a showed a potent inhibitory activity against insect trehalase in a competitive manner with a ki value of 4.3 x 10(-10) m. the other validoxylamines and validamycins also exhibited the activity in vitro. injection of these compounds to young last instar larvae of the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura, elicited the morphological abnormality followed by death after the cessation of feeding. validoxylamine a showed 100% mortality at a dose of 10 micrograms/ last instar larva. | 1990 | 2380116 |
| [epizootic dynamics of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosi virus]. | through investigation of tracking infected spodoptera litura larvae, the epizootic dynamics of s. litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus(slnpv) in field was studied with different dosages of slnpv. the results showed that in the range of virus dosages (3.1 x 10(5)-3.1 x 10(8) pibs.ml-1), the initial infection syndrome was observed after 4 days of treatment, and peaked in 5-7 days. the larvae mortality occurred after 5-6 days of treatment, and peaked in 6-8 days. the prevalence peak of host was basica ... | 2000 | 11767686 |
| avidin expressed in transgenic tobacco leaves confers resistance to two noctuid pests, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. | fertile transgenic tobacco plants with leaves expressing avidin in the vacuole have been produced and shown to halt growth and cause mortality in larvae of two noctuid lepidopterans, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura. late first instar h. armigera larvae and neonate (< 12-h-old) s. litura larvae placed on leaves excised from t0 tobacco expressing avidin at 3.1-4.6 microm (micromoles/kg of fresh leaf tissue) had very poor growth over their first 8 days on the leaves, significant numbers ... | 2002 | 12054352 |
| interaction of gene-cloned and insect cell-expressed aminopeptidase n of spodoptera litura with insecticidal crystal protein cry1c. | insecticidal toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis interact with specific receptors located in the midguts of susceptible larvae, and the interaction is followed by a series of biochemical events that lead to the death of the insect. in order to elucidate the mechanism of action of b. thuringiensis toxins, receptor protein-encoding genes from many insect species have been cloned and characterized. in this paper we report the cloning, expression, and characterization of cry toxin-interacting ... | 2002 | 12200317 |
| insect antifeedant activity of tetranortriterpenoids from the rutales. a perusal of structural relations. | structure-related insect antifeedant relationship of 56 limonoids (both natural and modified) from the plants belonging to the order rutales was attempted considering substitution patterns, oxidation states, and hydrophobicity, as well as distant geometry derived through conformational analysis on molecular modeling. orientation of the furan and hydroxylation at specific carbon sites have been shown to influence the antifeedancy against the fall armyworm, spodoptera litura. | 2002 | 12137465 |
| infection of wild-type autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus induces in vivo apoptosis of spodoptera litura larvae. | direct evidence of in vivo apoptosis of spodoptera litura larvae was demonstrated by haemocoel inoculation with wild-type autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) budded virus (bv). in sharp contrast to natural infection, cadavers did not melt, liquefy and melanize. typical morphological changes of apoptosis in insect haemocytes post-infection, including blebbing of the cell surface, chromatin margination and condensation, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and formation of a ... | 2002 | 12466477 |
| precursor of the inactive 2s seed storage protein from the indian mustard brassica juncea is a novel trypsin inhibitor. charaterization, post-translational processing studies, and transgenic expression to develop insect-resistant plants. | a number of trypsin inhibitor (ti) genes have been used to generate insect-resistant plants. here we report a novel trypsin inhibitor from indian mustard brassica juncea (bjti) that is unique in being the precursor of a 2s seed storage protein. the inhibitory activity is lost upon processing. the predicted amino acid sequence of the precursor based on the b. juncea 2s albumin (bj2s) gene cloned and sequenced in this laboratory (bj2sc; genbank(tm) accession number ) showed a soybean-ti active sit ... | 2002 | 12147695 |
| nucleotide sequence and characterization of the p10 gene of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the p10 gene was localized within the 3.0 kbp bamh i fragment of the sinpv genome. with a coding sequence of 318 nucleotides, corresponding to a protein of 105 amino acids, the p10 gene of sinpv is the longest p10 gene identified so far in npvs. the sinpv p10 gene is also distinct in having two a/tttgta motifs in the promoter region. with 10 heptad repeats, the sinpv p10 protein is probably forming a relatively large coiled-coil structure. the organization of sinpv orf552-p10 gene-orf945 cluster ... | 1998 | 12167986 |
| cloning and characterization of an insecticidal crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kenyae. | a sporulating culture of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae strain hd549 is toxic to larvae of lepidopteran insect species such as spodoptera litura, helicoverpa armigera and phthorimaea operculella, and a dipteran insect, culex fatigans. a 1.9-kb dna fragment, pcr-amplified from hd549 using cryii-gene-specific primers, was cloned and expressed in e. coli. the recombinant protein produced 92% mortality in first-instar larvae of spodoptera litura and 86% inhibition of adult emergence in phthori ... | 2002 | 12357073 |
| purification and diagnostic utility of a recombinant hepatitis e virus capsid protein expressed in insect larvae. | we report here the expression and purification of a truncated form of the hepatitis e virus orf2 protein (orf2delta111/deltatm), from the fat bodies of spodoptera litura larvae infected with a recombinant baculovirus. the purified protein migrated as a doublet of approximately 56 kda on sds-page and was found to be glycosylated by staining with concanavalin a-linked horseradish peroxidase. the protein was used in a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detectio ... | 2003 | 12509981 |
| [preliminary studies on the apoptosis of spodoptera litura cells induced by two baculoviruses]. | microscopic examination of spodoptera litura(sl-1) cell infected with acmnpv or sfamnpv revealed progressive cell blebbing starting at 8 h-12 h postinfection and culminating in total cell destruction at 24 h postinfection. the fragmentation of the infected cell nuclei was observed by stained with the specific fluorescent dye dapi. agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of the dna extracted from infected cells show typical dna ladder. all these supported that both viruses infected sl-1 cells underg ... | 2002 | 12557384 |
| new helicoverpa armigera hbn cell line from larval hemocyte for baculovirus studies. | a new cell line from the larval hemocytes of h. armigera was established in grace's medium modified by adding lactalbumin hydrolysate and yeastolate (3.3g/l), and supplemented with fetal bovine serum (20%). the cell line was designated as niv-ha-1195. the cell population at p-78 consisted mainly of epithelial-like cells (89.36%), fibroblast-like cells (8.31%) and giant cells (2.13%). the population doubling time was 96hr at p-8, 60hr at p-43. the chromosome number ranged from 45 to 200. the cell ... | 2002 | 12561972 |
| characterization of a novel ubiquitin-fusion gene uba256 from spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) uba256 gene, encoding ubiquitin fused to gp37 protein of 256 amino acids was determined. the first 76 amino acids of the spltmnpv ubiquitin showed 78-88, 77 and 81-84% amino acid sequence identity to baculovirus, melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxvirus and eukaryotes ubiquitins, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequence of spltmnpv gp37 protein was similar to other baculovirus gp37 proteins and to entomopoxvi ... | 2003 | 12559572 |
| antifeedant activity of some pentacyclic triterpene acids and their fatty acid ester analogues. | the 3-o-fatty acid ester derivatives (c(12)-c(18)) of two pentacyclic triterpenic acids, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid, were synthesized under mild esterification conditions in excellent yields (80-85%) and screened for their antifeedant activity, together with the parent acids, against the agricultural pest tobacco caterpillar larvae (spodoptera litura f) in a no-choice laboratory study. the urs-12-ene-28-carboxy-3beta-octadecanoate and olean-12-ene-28-carboxy-3beta-hexadecanoate were found t ... | 2003 | 12643657 |
| [cooperative effect of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus with parasite wasp, microplitis sp. on the s. litura larvae]. | the relationship between the survival rate, developmental duration of microplitis sp. in spodoptera litura larvae and time of exposure of the host larvae to virus, the inoculation virus concentration were investigated to determined if parasites which emerged from virus-infected s. litura larvae had normal survive, and if the parasites could sever as the vector for s. litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (sinpv). there was no significant difference in time that parasites spent in virus-infected larv ... | 2004 | 15146645 |
| baculovirus studies in new, indigenous lepidopteran cell lines. | eight lepidopteran cell lines were established recently and their susceptibility to different insect viruses was studied. two spodoptera litura cell lines from the larval and pupal ovaries, were found highly susceptible to s. litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (slnpv, 5-6 x 10(6) npv/ml). the helicoverpa armigera cell line from the embryonic tissue was highly susceptible to h. armigera npv (hanpv, 6.3 x 10(6) npv/ml). these in vitro grown slnpv and hanpv caused 100% mortality to respective 2nd in ... | 2002 | 12561971 |
| identification of a novel protein associated with envelope of occlusion-derived virus in spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) orf137 (splt137) is one of 29 unique spltmnpv orfs. splt137 has the potential to code for a polypeptide of 231 amino acid residues with predicted molecular weight of 27.5 kda. computer-assisted analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of splt137 protein showed 1 n-glycosylation site and 11 phosphorylation sites. for identification of spit137, antibody was prepared by immunization of rabbits with purified splt137 protein produced ... | 2003 | 12680687 |
| the characterization of microsporidian isolates (nosematidae: nosema) from five important lepidopteran pests in taiwan. | microsporidian isolates from five lepidopteran pests-spodoptera litura, spodoptera exigua, helicoverpa armigera, plutella xylostella, and pieris spp.-were compared by spore morphology, infectivity to s. litura, western-blot banding patterns, the sequences of small subunit rrna gene (ssurrna sequence), and random amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr). all the isolates could infect experimentally and multiply in the larvae of s. litura. the s. exigua isolate showed the hig ... | 2003 | 12725812 |
| host range expansion by recombination of the baculoviruses bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus and autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the mechanisms of host specificity of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npvs) (baculoviridae) were analyzed after coinfection of bombyx mori npv (bmnpv) and one of four distinct groups of spodoptera litura npv (slnpv), including an autographa californica npv (acnpv) variant (s. maeda, y. mukohara, and a. kondo, j. gen. virol. 71:2631-2639, 1990), into various lepidopteran cell lines. replication of bmnpv in nonpermissive cells (tn-386, sf-21, and cls-79) was induced by coinfection with acnpv but not ... | 1991 | 2041087 |
| characterization of a j domain gene of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) orf39 (designated as the bjdp gene) is the only j domain gene recorded in baculovirus genomes to date. computer-assisted analysis revealed that its deduced amino acid sequences possessed a coiled-coil region and a rna recognition motif (rrm). in vivo the bdjp gene transcription was detected from 24 h post infection (p.i.) and abundant from 72 to 96 h p.i., while in vitro it was first detected 6 h p.i. and was abundant from 12 to 24 h ... | 2002 | 12881640 |
| enhancing the efficacy and persistency of spodoptera litura (fab.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus using uv irradiation protectants. | to enhance the field persistency of s. litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (slnpv), three chemicals viz. cupric ammonium nitrate, tinopal and cupric sulphate were tried as protectants (0.01 mg/ml) against natural sunlight (uv) irradiation. on exposure for 8 hr and subsequent bioassaying (diet surface treatment), it was found that cupric sulphate protected the polyhedrosis inclusion bodies (pibs), recording 95.56% mortality which was statistically at par with unexposed pibs recording 97.78% mortali ... | 2000 | 11395967 |
| [cloning and expression of a novel ubiquitin fusion gene uba256]. | spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) uba256 gene is the only ub-gp37 fusion gene in the genome of insect viruses. with the specific primers designed for uba256 gene that was reported recently, the coding regions of uba256, n-terminal ubiquitin and c-terminal gp37 that lacking the signal sequence, were amplified from spltmnpv genomic dna by pcr. the uba256 coding region was expressed using the expression vector pbv220, and a band of 38 kd was detected with western blot analysis, indi ... | 2003 | 12673391 |
| [cloning and expression product of vip3a gene from bacillus thuringiensis and analysis of inseceicidal activity]. | the vip3 a gene in a size of 2.3 kb amplified from wild-type bacillus thuringiensis strain s184 by pcr was cloned into pgem-t easy vector and its sequence was analysized by dnastar. the plasmid potp was constructed by inserting vip3a-s184 gene into the expression vector pqe30 and then was transformed into e. coli m15. e. coli m15 cells harbouring the plasmid potp were induced with 1 mmol/l iptg to express 89 kd protein which was confirmed to be vip3a-s184 by western blot. experiments showed that ... | 2002 | 12674638 |
| characterization of a chitin-binding protein gp37 of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the gp37 amino acid sequence of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) was compared with other baculovirus gp37, entomopoxvirus fusolin, the enhancing factor of pseudaletia separata entomopoxvirus, and alteromonas sp. chitin-binding protein 1. in these proteins, five 'conserved regions' previously reported constitute a chitin-binding domain. spltmnpv gp37 effectively bound to purified crab shell chitin and the dissociation constant (kd) for binding was 0.28 microm. immunof ... | 2003 | 12951271 |
| induction of apoptosis in an insect cell line, iplb-ld652y, infected with nucleopolyhedroviruses. | ld652y cells derived from the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, were infected with seven different nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) including those from autographa californica, bombyx mori (bmnpv), hyphantria cunea (hycunpv), spodoptera exigua (semnpv), l. dispar, orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv) and spodoptera litura (spltmnpv). the results showed that ld652y cells infected with bmnpv, hycunpv, semnpv, opmnpv and spltmnpv underwent apoptosis, displaying apoptotic bodies, characteristic dna fragmentation ... | 2003 | 12604823 |
| caffeine production in tobacco plants by simultaneous expression of three coffee n-methyltrasferases and its potential as a pest repellant. | caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is derived from xanthosine through three successive transfers of methyl groups and a single ribose removal in coffee plants. the methyl group transfer is catalyzed by n-zmethyltransferases, xanthosine methyltransferase (xmt), 7-methylxanthine methyltransferase (mxmt) and 3,7-dimethylxanthine methyltransferase (dxmt). we previously cloned three genes encoding each of these n-methyltransferases from coffee plants, and reconstituted the final sequence of the caffe ... | 2005 | 16247553 |
| observations on the nature of resistance in spodoptera litura (f.) (noctuidae: lepidoptera) to infection by bacillus thuringiensis berliner. | | 1975 | 1218923 |
| phenotypic and genetic diversity of bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated in india active against spodoptera litura. | bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from different agroclimatic regions of india were found to harbor cry1 family genes. of 831 strains 18 that were found to produce 130- and 68-kda mol wt proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacry1amide gel electrophoresis were subjected to bioassay against second instar larvae of spodoptera litura. according to the time response curve, while the highest toxic activity against s. litura was observed in pbt-782 with an lt50 of 25.46 h, strains pbt-372, pbt- ... | 2002 | 12396125 |
| [baculovirus p74 gene is a species-specific gene]. | the p74 gene of autographa californica multicasid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) bacmid was knockouted and substituted by the p74 gene of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv), using reca-mediated homologous recombination in the e. coli. no selection marker, which might influence the expression and function of p74 gene, was left in the modified p74 locus. the promoter of acmnpv p74 gene directly controlled the expression of spltmnpv p74 gene in the recombinant acmnpv bacmi ... | 2003 | 12958657 |
| [influence of host age on the epizootic of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of spodoptera litura]. | through investigation of tracking infected spodoptera litura larvae, a study was carried out to observe the epizootic dynamics of nuclear virus disease of s. litura after virus release in different instar with concentration of 2.15 x 10(7) pibs.ml-1 in vegetable field. the results showed that with the age of s. litura increasing, the susceptibility to virus, mortality and death velocity decreased, the disease death sustained period of larvae obviously elongated, and the time that larval mortalit ... | 2003 | 12974004 |
| a new cell line from the embryonic tissue of helicoverpa armigera hbn. (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | a new cell line from the embryonic tissue of helicoverpa armigera was established and designated as niv-ha-197. it was maintained in tnm-fh medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. the cell line at passage 20 had a heterogeneous population of cells consisting of mainly epithelial-like cells (70%), followed by fibroblast-like (27%), and multinucleated giant (3%) cells. the chromosome number ranged from 45 to 185. the growth curve at passage 40 showed a fivefold increase in cell number wit ... | 2002 | 12418922 |
| silencing of midgut aminopeptidase n of spodoptera litura by double-stranded rna establishes its role as bacillus thuringiensis toxin receptor. | insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis bind to receptors in the midgut of susceptible insects leading to pore formation and death of the insect. the identity of the receptor is not clearly established. recently a direct interaction between a cloned and heterologously expressed aminopeptidase (slapn) from spodoptera litura and the cry1c protein was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and in vitro ligand blot interaction. here we show that administration of slapn double-stranded rn ... | 2002 | 12377776 |
| mechanisms and diversity of resistance to insect pests in wild relatives of groundnut. | the levels of resistance to insect pests in cultivated groundnut (arachis hypogaea) germplasm are quite low, and therefore, we screened 30 accessions of arachis spp. and 12 derived lines for resistance to insect pests under field and greenhouse conditions. accessions belonging to arachis cardenasii, arachis duranensis, arachis kempff-mercadoi, arachis monticola, arachis stenosperma, arachis paraguariensis, arachis pusilla, and arachis triseminata showed multiple resistance to the leaf miner apro ... | 2003 | 14977130 |
| metabolism of thymol and trans-anethole in larvae of spodoptera litura and trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | metabolism of the monoterpenoid thymol and the phenylpropanoid trans-anethole, both constituents of essential oils, was investigated following topical and oral administration of the compounds to the tobacco cutworm (spodoptera litura) and the cabbage looper (trichoplusia ni). in both species and irrespective of route, administration of thymol resulted in the excretion of its 3-o-beta-glucoside, whereas trans-anethole was hydroxylated on the side chain methyl group. both metabolites were isolated ... | 2004 | 15113155 |
| triacontanol negatively modulates the jasmonic acid-stimulated proteinase inhibitors in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). | triacontanol (tria), a long chain aliphatic alcohol (c30h61oh) reverses the effect of jasmonic acid (ja) in inducing proteinase inhibitors (pis) in tomato leaves. porcine pancreas trypsin and spodoptera litura gut proteinases were inhibited in the presence of leaf proteins treated with ja, and tria partially reverses this effect. spodoptera litura larvae fed with tomato leaves treated with ja were reduced in body weight and tria is able to partially reverse this ja-induced effect. these results ... | 2004 | 15128037 |
| bioefficacy and mode-of-action of some limonoids of salannin group from azadirachta indica a. juss and their role in a multicomponent system against lepidopteran larvae. | biological activities of the salannin type of limonoids isolated from azadirachta indica a. juss were assessed using the gram pod borer helicoverpa armigera (hubner) and the tobacco armyworm spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). inhibition of larval growth was concomitant with reduced feeding by neonate and third instar larvae. all three compounds exhibited strong antifeedant activity in a choice leaf disc bioassay with 2.0, 2.3 and 2.8 microg/cm(2) of 3-o-acetyl salannol, sala ... | 2004 | 15625397 |
| nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of the structural glycoprotein gp41 gene homologue of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus (spltnpv-i). | the structural glycoprotein gene gp41 homologue of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrosis virus (spltnpv-i *) was identified in the 4.0 kb ecori-l fragment of the viral genome. the nucleotide sequence of 2063 bp of this fragment revealed an open reading frame of 1014 nucleotides to encode a polypeptide of 337 amino acids. analysis of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the putative orf indicated its identity with gp41 protein of other baculoviruses sharing maximum homology with that of ... | 2004 | 15663006 |
| identification and expression of a conserved ubiquitin gene homologue of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltnpv-i). | an orf having a potential to code for a polypeptide of 79 amino acids has been identified within 993 nt sequence of 2 kb ecori-w fragment of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltnpv-i). nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analyses showed its identity with the ubiquitin homologue of eukaryotes (79-80%), melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxvirus (76%) and other baculoviruses (72-89%). the orf is under baculovirus late promoter motif rtaag but unlike other baculoviruses, three such motifs ... | 2004 | 15663010 |
| evaluation of calcium-alginate gel as an artificial diet medium for bioassays on common cutworms. | a calcium-alginate gel diet was developed for spodoptera litura larvae, and its reliability as a carrier for incorporating antifeedants as well as insecticides was investigated. the alginate gel diet was prepared with a simple protocol, which does not involve any heating process. when tested using this diet, acephate, a bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin formulation and rotenone reproducibly showed insecticidal activity against the larvae, while neem oil and scabequinone deterred the larval feedin ... | 2004 | 15264908 |
| sirna-directed silencing of transgene expressed in cultured insect cells. | rna interference (rnai) has emerged as a powerful tool to rapidly analyze gene functions in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms as well as in cultured cell lines. we demonstrate here that rnai can be applied to study the function of a transgene expressed in an insect cell line (spodoptera frugiperda, sf21). the aminopeptidase n gene (apn) targeted for silencing in the present study was isolated from the midgut of spodoptera litura larvae and expressed in sf21 cells using baculovirus expressio ... | 2004 | 15219846 |
| development of a hybrid delta-endotoxin and its expression in tobacco and cotton for control of a polyphagous pest spodoptera litura. | a hybrid delta-endotoxin protein was designed against a polyphagous lepidopteran insect pest spodoptera litura, which is tolerant to most of the known delta-endotoxins. the hybrid delta-endotoxin was created by replacing amino acid residues 530-587 in a poorly active natural cry1ea protein, with a highly homologous 70 amino acid region of cry1ca in domain iii. the truncated delta-endotoxins cry1ea, cry1ca and the hybrid protein cry1ec accumulated in escherichia coli to form inclusion bodies. the ... | 2004 | 15587265 |
| isolation, characterization and expression of a novel vegetative insecticidal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis. | twenty-four serovars of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were screened by polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of vegetative insecticidal protein gene (vip)-like sequences by using vip3aa1-specific primers. vip-like gene sequences were identified in eight serovars. these genes were cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence of the vip3aa14 gene from bacillus thuringiensis tolworthi showed considerable differences as compared to those of vips reported so far. the vip3aa14 gene f ... | 2005 | 15686851 |
| [screening of bacillus thuringiensis strains containing vip3a genes and analysis of gene conservation]. | vip3a, a novel insecticidal protein, is secreted by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) during vegetative growth. vip3a protein possesses insecticidal activity against a wild spectrum of lepidopteran insect larvae. since the first cloning of vip3a gene from bt, many other vip3a genes have been isolated. to investigate vip3a genes contribution to bt and reflect the revolution relationships, the strains containing vip3a genes were screened and gene similarity was analyzed. 114 wild-type bacillus thuringie ... | 2003 | 15969080 |
| comparative venom toxicity between pteromalus puparum and nasonia vitripennis (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) toward the hemocytes of their natural hosts, non-target insects and cultured insect cells. | crude venoms from two parasitoid species, pteromalus puparum and nasonia vitripennis (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) were assayed for biological activities toward hemocytes from two species of their natural hosts and eight species of their non-natural hosts as well as two lines of cultured lepidoptera cells, respectively. by inhibiting the spreading and viability of insect hemocytes, the venom from p. puparum displayed significantly higher activities toward plasmatocytes and granular cells from both ... | 2005 | 16026808 |
| identification of the apoptosis inhibitor gene p49 of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | baculoviruses possess two types of genes that suppressed apoptosis, p35 and inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). computer-assisted analysis indicated that spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) orf55 (designated as the p49 gene) display 79 and 31% amino acid identity with spodoptera littoralis (spli)mnpv p49 and autographa californica (ac)mnpv p35, respectively, splt mnpv putative p49 contains a peptide cleavage site tvtdg recognized by death caspases. in marker rescue assay, spl ... | 2005 | 16025239 |
| distribution and residual activity of two insecticidal proteins, avidin and aprotinin, expressed in transgenic tobacco plants, in the bodies and frass of spodoptera litura larvae following feeding. | to understand how a major cosmopolitan pest responds to two very different insecticidal proteins and to determine whether herbivorous insects and their frass could be environmental sources of recombinant proteins from transgenic plants, spodoptera litura (fab.) (lepidoptera, noctuidae) larvae were fed on tobacco leaves expressing either the biotin-binding protein, avidin, or the protease inhibitor, aprotinin. control larvae received non-transgenic tobacco. samples of larvae were taken after 5, 6 ... | 2005 | 16039663 |
| insect antifeedant and growth regulating activities of salannobutyrolactone and desacetylsalannobutyrolactone. | salannobutyrolactone and its deacetylderivative were tested for insect antifeedant and growth regulatory activities against the tobacco cutworm, spodoptera litura. salannobutyrolactone was the most effective antifeedant. desacetylsalannobutyrolactone increased larval duration and larval mortality. | 2005 | 16242271 |
| isolation, gene expression and solution structure of a novel moricin analogue, antibacterial peptide from a lepidopteran insect, spodoptera litura. | an antibacterial peptide was isolated from a lepidopteran insect, spodoptera litura. the molecular mass of this peptide was determined to be 4489.55 by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass (maldi-tof ms) spectrometry. the peptide consists of 42 amino acids and the sequence has 69-98% identity to those of moricin-related peptides, antibacterial peptides from lepidopetran insects. thus, the peptide was designated s. litura (sl) moricin. sl moricin showed a broad antibact ... | 2005 | 16115804 |
| an efficient method for precise gene substitution in the acmnpv genome by homologous recombination in e. coli. | the reca-mediated homologous recombination method was improved and used to direct gene replacement in baculoviruses. with this method, the p74 gene in the autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) genome was substituted precisely by the p74 gene of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv). in the recombinant bacmid, the acmnpv p74 gene promoter controlled directly the expression of spltmnpv p74 gene. results of rt-pcr showed transcription of spltmnpv p ... | 2003 | 14553895 |
| a constitutively expressed 36 kda exochitinase from bacillus thuringiensis hd-1. | a 36 kda chitinase was purified by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography from the culture supernatant of bacillus thuringiensis hd-1. the chitinase production was independent of the presence of chitin in the growth medium and was produced even in the presence of glucose. the purified chitinase was active at acidic ph, had an optimal activity at ph 6.5, and showed maximum activity at 65 degrees c. of the various substrates, the enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of the disaccharide 4-mu(gln ... | 2003 | 12893268 |
| immune cascade of spodoptera litura: cloning, expression, and characterization of inducible prophenol oxidase. | haemolymph associated phenol oxidase is a critical component of invertebrate immune reaction and cuticle sclerotization. phenol oxidase catalyses the conversion of mono-phenols to diphenols and quinones which finally leads to melanin formation. we have cloned the c-dna encoding phenol oxidase from the haemocytes of spodoptera litura and expressed it in escherichia coli. the encoding gene is 2452bp with an open reading frame of 2091 bp translating into a 697 amino acid protein. multiple alignment ... | 2005 | 16185666 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel gene cry9ec1 encoding lepidopteran-specific parasporal inclusion protein from a bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae strain. | a novel delta-endotoxin gene from a lepidopteran-specific bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae strain was cloned, and the full sequence of the cry gene was determined. the cloned 6.5-kb dna fragment included the full sequence of the cry gene and three open reading frames located upstream of the cry gene. the gene, designated cry9ec1, encodes a polypeptide of 1154 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 130 237. the deduced amino acid sequence of the cry9ec1 protein had the h ... | 2005 | 16333339 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of a new microsporidian (protozoa: microsporidia) isolated from spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | a microsporidium was isolated from larvae of spodoptera litura (fabricius) collected from tamil nadu, india. this microsporidian species is monomorphic, disporous and develops in direct contact with the cytoplasm of the host cell. the nuclear configuration of merogonic and sporogonic stages was diplokaryotic. the merogonic proliferative stage was unusual that normal development with 1, 2 and 4 binucleated forms were common, while large multinucleate meronts containing 8 and 12 small compact hors ... | 2006 | 16469201 |
| microbial ecology of bacillus thuringiensis: fecal populations recovered from wildlife in korea. | a total of 34 fecal samples, collected from 14 species of wild mammals in korea, were examined for the occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis. the organism was detected in 18 (53%) samples. among the three food-habit groups, herbivorous animals yielded the highest frequency (69%) of samples positive for b. thuringiensis, followed by omnivorous animals (50%). of the six fecal samples from carnivorous animals, only one sample contained b. thurin giensis. among 527 isolates belonging to the bacillus ... | 2003 | 14569287 |
| distinctive presence of peritracheal athrocytes in bombyx mori l. and bombyx mandarina m. as compared to their absence in several other lepidopteran species. | pericardial cells are present in a wide variety of insects and are thought to constitute the majority of 'athrocytes (nephrocytes)'. in contrast, peritracheal athrocytes have only been observed in bombyx mori l. although peritracheal athrocytes have a distinct morphology, it is unknown whether these cells are common to all lepidopterans. we anatomically compared eight lepidopteran species: bombyx mori l. and bombyx mandarina m. (bombycidae); samia cynthia ricini d. (saturniidae); agrius convolvu ... | 2006 | 18089062 |
| identification of virulent isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi (f) samson for the management of helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura (identification of virulent isolates of n. rileyi). | eleven geographical isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi (farlow) samson of helicoverpa armigera (hubner)/spodoptera litura (fabricius) origin were studied for efficacy against the two host insects. laboratory bioassays at a concentration of 2 x 10(8) conidia ml(-1) indicated that n. rileyi isolates of s. litura origin were better in terms of time taken for mycosis and mortality in both the test larvae: s. litura (77-80% mortality in 7 days) and h. armigera (79-85% in 8 days). ... | 2003 | 14682464 |
| insecticidal, antifeedant and oviposition deterrent effects of the essential oil and individual compounds from leaves of chloroxylon swietenia dc. | essential oil from the leaves of chloroxylon swietenia dc. was obtained by hydrodistillation and cold extraction, and the chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the major identified components were limonene, geijerene, pregeijerene, germacrene d and trans-beta-ocimene. laboratory bioassays of the essential oil and four constituents of essential oil isolates were evaluated for insecticidal, antifeedant and oviposition deterrent effects ... | 2006 | 16847821 |
| identification of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus orf97, a novel protein associated with envelope of occlusion-derived virus. | open reading frame (orf) 97 of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (splt97) is a member of 11k gene family (interpro database accession number: ipr009313) in insect viruses, potentially encoding 112 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 13.2 kda. sequence analysis indicated that splt97 has 8-50% amino acid identity with the homologues of other known baculoviruses including autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) orf108. splt97 transcription in s ... | 2006 | 16525738 |
| characterization of bro-b gene of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) orf125 (designated as the bro-b gene) is a member of the unique multigene family called the baculovirus repeated orfs (bro) family. computer-assisted analysis revealed that bro-b contains a conserved bro-n domain in its n-terminus and a single-stranded dna (ssdna) binding motif in the middle region. in vitro the bro-b gene transcription was present at 12 h post-infection (p.i.) and remained detectable up to 96 h p.i. western blot anal ... | 2003 | 14501189 |
| direct infection of spodoptera litura by photorhabdus luminescens encapsulated in alginate beads. | actively growing cultures of photorhabdus luminescens were encapsulated in sodium alginate beads and examined for their ability to infect insect hosts. these beads, containing approximately 2.5 x 10(7)photorhabdus cells per bead, when mixed with sterilized soil and exposed to spodoptera litura larvae resulted in 100% mortality in 48 h, while the use of alginate encapsulated heterorhabditis nematode resulted in 40% mortality after 72 h. the bacteria were reisolated from the dead insect thus provi ... | 2006 | 16828112 |
| functional role of the cytoplasmic tail domain of the major envelope fusion protein of group ii baculoviruses. | f proteins from baculovirus nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) group ii members are the major budded virus (bv) viral envelope fusion proteins. they undergo furin-like proteolysis processing in order to be functional. f proteins from different baculovirus species have a long cytoplasmic tail domain (ctd), ranging from 48 (spodoptera litura multicapsid npv [mnpv]) to 78 (adoxophyes honmai npv) amino acid (aa) residues, with a nonassigned function. this ctd is much longer than the ctd of gp64-like envelop ... | 2006 | 17071930 |