| induction of laccase in basidiomycetes: the laccase-coding messenger. | formation of the mrna specific for the inducible forms of laccase was evidenced in coriolus versicolor, pleurotus ostreatus and pholiota mutabilis. the half-life time of these mrnas in the fungi species studied were, respectively, 30, 37 and 24 min. molecular weight of the newly synthesized mrna in pleurotus ostreatus was about 4.5x10(5), consistently with the size of the inducible laccase protein. the polysome obtained from the ferulic acid-treated mycelium, synthesized in vitro a polypeptide w ... | 1978 | 103348 |
| induction of laccase in basidiomycetes: apparent activity of the inducible and constitutive forms of the enzyme with phenolic substrates. | the purified preparations of the inducible and constitutive forms of laccase (ec 1.14.18.1) have been obtained from mycelia of trametes versicolor, pleurotus ostreatus and pholiota mutabilis. the activities of the inducible forms of laccase with ferulic acid and other phenolic hydrogen donors were found to be several-fold higher as compared with the constitutive forms. | 1978 | 108885 |
| [ultrastructure of the fungal nucleus. iii. genesis of the nucleus-associated organelle (nao equals "kce")]. | the nucleus-associated organelle (nao) is a structure, significant for division and motion of the fungal nucleus. in the basidiomycete polystictus (equals trametes) versicolor it is composed during somatic interphase of two globular entities (ge) and the connecting middle plate (mp). its genesis is followed electron optically by analysing serial sections of preselected stages. genesis is strictly determined by time and space. it starts with synthesis of the new mp a few minutes upon karyokinesis ... | 1975 | 1189470 |
| fungal biodegradation of lignopolystyrene graft copolymers. | white rot basidiomycetes were able to biodegrade styrene (1-phenylethene) graft copolymers of lignin containing different proportions of lignin and polystyrene [poly(1-phenylethylene)]. the biodegradation tests were run on lignin-styrene copolymerization products which contained 10.3, 32.2, and 50.4% (wt/wt) lignin. the polymer samples were incubated with the white rot fungi pleurotus ostreatus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, and trametes versicolor and the brown rot fungus gloeophyllum trabeum. w ... | 1992 | 1444360 |
| changes in selected enzyme activities during growth of pure and mixed cultures of the white-rot decay fungus trametes versicolor and the potential biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum. | two filamentous fungi, the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor and the soil fungus and potential biocontrol organism trichoderma harzianum, have been grown in pure and mixed cultures on low-n (0.4 mm) and high-n (4 mm) defined synthetic media to determine the activities of selected wood-degrading enzymes such as cellobiase, cellulase, laccase, and peroxidases. growth characteristics and enzyme activities were examined for potential correlations. such correlations would allow the use of simple e ... | 1992 | 1611557 |
| biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by new isolates of white rot fungi. | eight rapid poly r-478 dye-decolorizing isolates from the netherlands were screened in this study for the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) supplied at 10 mg liter(-1). several well-known ligninolytic culture collection strains, phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767, trametes versicolor paprican 52, and bjerkandera adusta cbs 595.78 were tested in parallel. all of the strains significantly removed anthracene, and nine of the strains significantly removed benzo(a)pyrene be ... | 1992 | 1637159 |
| optimization of cultivation and nutrition conditions and substrate pretreatment for solid-substrate fermentation of wheat straw by coriolus versicolor. | bioconversion of wheat straw by solid-substrate fermentation (ssf) with coriolus versicolor was optimized by varying its physiological parameters. selective delignification (more lignin than holocellulose degradation) and increases in crude protein (cp) content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (ivdmd) were taken as the criteria to select optimum levels of these parameters. the fungus behaved optimally under the following set of cultural and nutritional conditions: ph 5.5, moisture level 55% ... | 1991 | 1841863 |
| cloning and characterization of a lignin peroxidase gene from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. | six putative lignin peroxidase (lip) genes were isolated from a lambda embl3 phage library of the white-rot fungus, trametes versicolor, using the phanerochaete chrysosporium lip cdna clg5 as the probe. sequence analysis of one of the genes, vlg1, showed that its coding region is interrupted by six small introns (49-64 bp) and that it encodes a mature lip protein (341 aa; mr: 36,714) that is preceded by a 25 aa signal sequence. this protein has a relatively high degree of aa homology to the n-te ... | 1991 | 1883369 |
| comparison of lignin peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase and laccase in the oxidation of methoxybenzenes. | lignin peroxidase oxidizes non-phenolic substrates by one electron to give aryl-cation-radical intermediates, which react further to give a variety of products. the present study investigated the possibility that other peroxidative and oxidative enzymes known to catalyse one-electron oxidations may also oxidize non-phenolics to cation-radical intermediates and that this ability is related to the redox potential of the substrate. lignin peroxidase from the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, hors ... | 1990 | 2163614 |
| cell surface changes of in situ macrophages induced by superimposed antigen. | mice received an injection of sheep erythrocytes (srbc) into the footpad " prepared" or "not prepared" with a 7-day-prior injection of a protein-bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor (psk; krestin), and the ultrastructure of in situ macrophages was studied at various intervals after the injection. a single srbc injection into the footpad induced linear cell arrangements of several macrophages. the macrophages showed no prominent morphological alterations after srbc digestion. when psk-st ... | 1990 | 2213885 |
| stereospecificity in enzymic and non-enzymic oxidation of beta-o-4 lignin model compounds. | the degradation of the erythro and threo isomers of the non-phenolic lignin model compound 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanediol was examined. enzymic and non-enzymic oxidation of the diastereomers was performed with trametes versicolor lignin peroxidase and cerium(iv) ammonium nitrate, respectively. mixtures of approximately equal amounts of the diastereomers were partially degraded and subsequently analyzed with tlc and 1h-nmr. analysis of reaction mixtures from enzy ... | 1990 | 2265710 |
| oxidation of non-phenolic substrates. an expanded role for laccase in lignin biodegradation. | in the presence of substrates such as remazol blue and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (abts), laccases coriolus (trametes) versicolor can also oxidize non-phenolic lignin model compounds. veratryl alcohol (i) and 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol (iii) were oxidized by laccase and mediator to give the alpha-carbonyl derivatives. the beta-1 lignin model dimer, 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-phenoxy-ethane-1,2-diol (ii) was cleaved by laccase in the presen ... | 1990 | 2365094 |
| stimulation of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cell iodination by psk subfractions. | a protein-bound polysaccharide, psk, extracted from the mycelium of coriolus versicolor (fr.) quel, stimulated the iodination (incorporation of radioactive iodine into an acid-insoluble fraction) of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (pmn), human promyelocytic leukemic hl-60 cells and human myeloblastic leukemic ml-1 cells. in contrast, psk did not significantly increase the iodination of other cultured cell lines (u-937, thp-1, l-929, t98g, balb 3t3). the psk stimulation of iodinati ... | 1990 | 2369086 |
| nucleases in the autolysis of filamentous fungi. | rnase and dnase activities were studied in seven fungi of the subdivisions ascomycotina, zygomycotina and basidiomycotina during their autolysis, and extracellular and intracellular rnase and dnase were found. rnase specific activity reached higher levels than dnase specific activity in the culture liquid and mycelial extract, except in aspergillus nidulans. generally maximal rnase specific activities were observed at the onset of autolysis in the culture liquid. in the mycelial extract an incre ... | 1990 | 2379813 |
| stimulation of interferon-gamma-induced human myelogenous leukemic cell differentiation by high molecular weight psk subfraction. | psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from the mycelia of coriolus versicolor (fr.) quel, stimulated tumor necrosis factor-induced cytotoxicity against mouse l-929 fibroblast. psk also stimulated interferon-gamma-induced differentiation of human myelogenous leukemic u-937 and thp-1 cells. the differentiated cells had higher proportions of cells that expressed nbt-reducing activity and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity. among four psk subfractions, the highest molecular weight frac ... | 1990 | 2110432 |
| induction of immunopotentiation activity by a protein-bound polysaccharide, psk (review). | a protein-bound polysaccharide, psk, extracted from the mycelium of coriolus versicolor (fr.) quel, has been recognized for its host-mediated induction of antitumor and antimicrobial activities in mice. intravenous administration of psk, in association with ok-432 (picibanil), transiently induced endogenous production of a cytotoxic factor (cf) (possibly tumor necrosis factor, tnf) in normal mice. the ability to produce cf depended greatly on both dose and interval between administration of the ... | 1991 | 2064356 |
| trametes versicolor ligninase: isozyme sequence homology and substrate specificity. | the substrate specificity of three ligninase isozymes from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor has been investigated using stereochemically defined synthetic dimeric models for lignin. the isozymes have been found to attack non-phenolic beta-o-4 as well as beta-1 lignin model compounds. this finding confirms the classification of the isozymes from t. versicolor as ligninases. the amino-terminal residues of the three isozymes from t. versicolor have been determined using edman degradation. m ... | 1989 | 2707445 |
| electron paramagnetic resonance studies of type 1 copper in type 2 depleted fungal laccase a. | the electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra of type 1 copper(ii) in 63cu-enriched coriolus versicolor laccase a (benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase, ec 1.10.3.2) have been studied. the x-band epr spectrum in type 2 copper-depleted [63cu]laccase a exhibited well-resolved ligand superhyperfine structure in the g perpendicular region. this structure was assigned to an interaction with two nitrogens and two protons, an assignment which is consistent with a model in which the two nitrogens belon ... | 1987 | 2825790 |
| effect of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor, on drug-metabolizing enzymes in sarcoma-180 bearing and normal mice. | the effects of psk and propionibacterium acnes (anaerobic corynebacterium) on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes were studied using sarcoma-180 bearing and non-tumor bearing mice. psk had no influence on aminopyrine n-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities, cytochrome p-450 concentration in hepatic microsomes, and the reductase activity of cytochrome c in normal mice. the content of cytochrome p-450 was not significantly reduced in s-180 bearing mice. on the other hand, p. acnes administr ... | 1988 | 3139576 |
| production of some enzymes in the autolysis of the white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor in fermenter. | the autolysis and production of some extracellular enzymes by coriolus versicolor was studied in submerged cultures. after 48 days of incubation the fungus lost 31% of its maximum dry weight. 1.3-beta-glucanase was excreted at the beginning of autolysis and proteases were present during the course of the experiment. on the other hand, laccase was produced in very small amount in the first days of incubation, reaching the maximum activity at the 8th-day of autolysis. | 1986 | 3152104 |
| morphological and biochemical alterations of macrophages produced by a glycan, psk. | a glycan extracted from coriolus versicolor (psk, krestin) which has antitumor and immunomodulator properties produced marked morphological and biochemical changes when added to cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages. the cells were more spread and elongated than in control cultures, and these changes were accompanied by alterations in the rate of protein and dna synthesis. in psk-treated murine peritoneal macrophages the rate of protein synthesis increased above the level seen in control cult ... | 1988 | 3204014 |
| degradation mechanisms of phenolic beta-1 lignin substructure model compounds by laccase of coriolus versicolor. | phenolic beta-1 lignin substructure model compounds, 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)propa ne-1, 3-diol (i) and 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-(3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol (ii) were degraded by laccase of coriolus versicolor. substrate i was converted to 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-3- hydroxypropanone (iii), 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone (iv), syringaldehyde (v), 1-(3,5-dimethox ... | 1988 | 3355177 |
| aromatic ring cleavage of 4,6-di(tert-butyl)guaiacol, a phenolic lignin model compound, by laccase of coriolus versicolor. | it was found that 2,4-di(tert-butyl)-4-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-buten-4-ol ide (ii) was formed as an aromatic ring cleavage product of a phenolic lignin model compound, 4,6-di(tert-butyl)guaiacol (i), by laccase of coriolus versicolor. based on isotopic experiments with 18o2 and h2 18o, the mechanism of formation of ii from i is discussed. | 1988 | 3410044 |
| restoration of immune responsiveness by a biological response modifier, psk, in aged mice bearing syngeneic transplantable tumor. | psk (krestin) is a protein-bound polysaccharide isolated from cultured mycelia of coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes. psk is a biological response modifier which possesses unique characteristics. we investigated the effects of psk on the immune response of aged c57bl/6 mice bearing a syngeneic transplantable tumor adenocarcinoma 755. (a) in c57bl/6 mice, the delayed foot pad reaction against sheep erythrocytes and resistance to syngeneic tumor challenge reached a peak when the mice were at 30 ... | 1987 | 3430562 |
| effect of psk on prohibited immunity of splenectomized mice. | the effect of psk (krestine, an anti-tumor drug prepared from coriolus versicolor) on splenectomized experimental animals was investigated. splenectomy was performed on both a tumor-free control group and a tumor-bearing group. the administration of psk on the splenectomized control group significantly increased the immune state of the host. in the case of the tumor-bearing group, administration of psk resulted in restoration of the immune function as observed in the control group. recovery of t ... | 1987 | 3674771 |
| [restoration of depressed immune responses by psk in c3h/he mice bearing the syngeneic x5563 tumor]. | psk is a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from cultured mycelium of coriolus versicolor. the effects of psk on immunologic responsiveness were investigated in c3h/he mice bearing syngeneic x5563 tumor. the results were as follows. elayed foot pad reaction and antibody-forming capacity to sheep erythrocytes were depressed in tumor bearing mice, and such depression was prevented by oral or intraperitoneal administration of psk. in vitro cytotoxic activity of splenic lymphocytes against the tu ... | 1986 | 3789756 |
| [competitive effect of psk against the immunosuppressive effect induced in the sera of mice bearing syngeneic tumors]. | psk is a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from cultured mycelium of coriolus versicolor. the appearance of an immunosuppressive effect in sera of tumor-bearing mice and its elimination by oral administration of psk were investigated using an in vitro assay of blastoid transformation of normal spleen cells in response to pha. (1) an inhibitory effect appeared in sera of x5563 plasmacytoma-bearing mice, while a facilitating effect was noted in sera of mh134 hepatoma- and mm 102 mammary tumor- ... | 1986 | 3789757 |
| [restoration of immunologic responsiveness by psk in tumor-bearing animals]. | psk is a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from cultured mycelium of the basidiomycete coriolus versicolor. effects of psk on the immunologic responsiveness in tumor-bearing animals were investigated using syngeneic or allogeneic tumors in mice (lewis lung carcinoma, b16 melanoma, meth a fibrosarcoma, adenocarcinoma 755, x5563 plasmacytoma, colon 26, mopc 31c myeloma, sarcoma 180 and ehrlich carcinoma), rats (bc47 bladder carcinoma, walker 256 sarcoma and ah7974 hepatoma), hamsters (ha-1t tu ... | 1986 | 3789758 |
| cloning of sequences induced and suppressed by administration of psk, antitumor protein-bound polysaccharide. | to elucidate the effects of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor, on gene expression in tumor cells, we prepared cdna clone libraries from psk-treated and untreated cells of a rat ascites hepatoma line, ah66, which was previously shown to be susceptible to the antitumor action of this compound. two psk-induced and one suppressed cdna clones were selected from these libraries by using a differential colony hybridization and rna blot hybridization. psk was thus shown to hav ... | 1985 | 3977892 |
| glucose-2-oxidase activity in mycelial cultures of basidiomycetes. | the activity of intracellular glucose-2-oxidase was tested in 40 species of 26 basidiomycete genera. the enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of d-glucose to the dicarbonyl sugar d-arabino-2-hexosulose was demonstrated in mycelial extracts of 9 species of aphyllophorales and 6 species of agaricales cultivated in liquid media. in the majority of species exhibiting this activity hexosulose was detected in the cultivation medium. the highest enzyme activity was detected in oudemansiella mucida, coriolop ... | 1985 | 3996982 |
| chemical structure of antitumor polysaccharide, coriolan, produced by coriolus versicolor. | | 1974 | 4430020 |
| [antineoplastic activities of basidiomycetes; antineoplastic activities of polysaccharides produced by coriolus versicolor fries]. | | 1974 | 4477091 |
| antigenic and some kinetic properties of three p-diphenol oxidase isoenzymes of trametes versicolor. | | 1969 | 4975244 |
| proteinase pattern in trametes versicolor in response to carbon and nitrogen starvation. | in stationary cultures of trametes versicolor seven proteinase bands were revealed by electrophoresis in mycelium and five in the medium. under conditions of nitrogen starvation the number of bands in mycelium was unchanged whereas one extracellular proteinase was missing. in the case of carbon starvation one new intracellular proteinase activity appeared and one extracellular activity disappeared. moreover, in all starved cultures distinct differences in the intensity of particular bands were o ... | 1984 | 6099946 |
| a comparison of inductive influence of syryngic acid and wastes containing lignosulfonic acids on peroxidase activity and its synthesis in trametes versicolor cultures. | | 1981 | 6168174 |
| peroxidase activity and forms in trametes versicolor cultures grown in the presence of industrial cellulose wastes. | | 1981 | 6168175 |
| krestin (psk). | a polysaccharide preparation isolated from coriolus versicolor (fr.) quél. of basidiomycetes (psk) predominantly consists of glucan and approximately 25% tightly bound protein. psk was effective against various allogeneic and syngeneic animal tumors and has been given orally to cancer patients. various suppressed or enhanced immune responses of tumor-bearing animals were restored to normal levels by the administration of psk in the tumor models tested. the killer t cell activity was augmented in ... | 1984 | 6238674 |
| procedure for determination of participation of aminoacyl-trna in label distribution in studies on protein degradation in vivo. | the determination of radioactive amino acid incorporation into proteins is important in measurements of protein degradation. aminoacyl-trnas participating in label distribution may interfere during these measurements. to check this possibility, a separate procedure with ion-exchange paper de 81 allowing the percentage of radioactivity in aminoacyl-trna to be determined was developed. after application of microliter amounts of trametes versicolor mycelium extracts on de 81 paper circles, stepwise ... | 1984 | 6569883 |
| combination therapy of radiation and immunomodulators in the treatment of mm46 tumor transplanted in c3h/he mice. | female c3h/he mice aged 10 weeks with transplanted mm46 tumor were used in an investigation of the timing of administration of immunomodulators, such as psk (a protein-bound polysaccharide prepared from coriolus versicolor), ok-432 (streptococcal preparation), bestatin (inhibitor of aminopeptidase b) combined with two fractionated local irradiation with the total dose of 3,000 rad. the daily dose of 250 mg/kg of psk, 1.0 ke/mouse of ok-432, or 300 micrograms/mouse of bestatin were injected intra ... | 1983 | 6828288 |
| effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide ps-k on the complement system. | a protein-bound polysaccharide from mycelia of coriolus versicolor ps-k, clinically used as an immunomodulator, has been shown to restore the decreased cellular immune response and to exhibit host-mediated antitumor activity. in this experiment, ps-k was found to increase serum complement level in guinea pig and in human without malignancy, when hemolytic assay of complement was performed using sensitized sheep erythrocytes for the classical pathway activity and unsensitized rabbit erythrocytes ... | 1983 | 6867480 |
| the effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor on immunological parameters and experimental infections in mice. | the influence of psk, a protein bound polysaccharide from coriolus versicolor on various immunological parameters was studied, psk was found to enhance b cell activity as measured by the spleen plaque-forming cell assay in mice, and to stimulate mouse macrophages as determined by an enhancement of carbon clearance and an increase in the phagocytosis of opsonized sheep red blood cells by peritoneal mouse macrophages in vitro. the activation of mouse macrophages by psk appeared to correlate with t ... | 1980 | 6966256 |
| survival time of tumor-bearing rats as related to operative stress and immunopotentiators. | to investigate the mechanism of tumor growth enhancement induced by operative stress in rats, laparo-thoracotomy was performed on day 2 after tumor cell inoculation associated with administrations of various kinds of immunopotentiators. ok-432 (streptococcal preparation), ps-k (extract from mycelium of coriolus versicolor), lentinan (extract from lentinus edodus) and c. parvum were administered intravenously or intraperitoneally in the fractionated form prior to or after inoculation. in general, ... | 1982 | 7109360 |
| studies on antitumor polysaccharides, especially d-ii, from mycelium of coriolus versicolor. | a water-soluble polysaccharide, d-ii with marked antitumor activity was isolated from the cultured mycelium of coriolus versicolor by extraction with hot-water, fractional precipitation with ethanol and ion-exchange chromatography. d-ii strongly inhibited the growth of sarcoma-180 transplanted subcutaneously in mice by intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous or intra-muscular administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. the molecular weight was estimated to be 2,000,000 by gel-filtration or 6,500,000 ... | 1980 | 7206362 |
| suppression of in vivo tumor-induced angiogenesis by the protein-bound polysaccharide psk. | the anti-angiogenic effects of an antitumor protein-bound polysaccharide, psk, obtained from cultured mycelia of coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes were examined by the mouse dorsal air sac assay. psk suppressed the mouse hepatoma mh134-induced angiogenesis when assessed by morphological and biochemical examinations. this finding suggested that the anti-metastatic effect of psk is attributed to the suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis. | 1994 | 7522606 |
| improved recovery of myelosuppression following chemotherapy in mice by combined administration of psk and various cytokines. | granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (g-csf), granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) and interleukin-3 (il-3) were used in combination with psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from mycelium of coriolus versicolor (strain cm101), in myelosuppressed mice. the myelosuppression model consisted of bdf1 mice who received 150 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) intravenously. the peripheral blood leukocyte count during the recovery stage was significantly increased when these cyto ... | 1994 | 7532894 |
| correlation of brightening with cumulative enzyme activity related to lignin biodegradation during biobleaching of kraft pulp by white rot fungi in the solid-state fermentation system. | biobleaching of hardwood unbleached kraft pulp (ukp) by phanerochaete chrysosporium and trametes versicolor was studied in the solid-state fermentation system with different culture media. in this fermentation system with low-nitrogen and high-carbon culture medium, pulp brightness increased by 15 and 30 points after 5 days of treatment with t. versicolor and p. chrysosporium, respectively, and the pulp kappa number decreased with increasing brightness. a comparison of manganese peroxidase (mnp) ... | 1995 | 7574600 |
| immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of a polysaccharide-peptide complex from a mycelial culture of tricholoma sp., a local edible mushroom. | a polysaccharide-peptide complex (pspc) with immunomodulatory and antitumor activities was obtained from a submerged mycelial culture of tricholoma sp., a local edible mushroom. the polysaccharide-peptide complex exhibited a molecular weight of 17 k in gel filtration and a single band after sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it was characterized by non-adsorption on both deae-sepharose cl-6b and cm-cellulose. it could activate the macrophages, stimulate the proliferation of t-cells, and inh ... | 1995 | 7596231 |
| antimetastatic effects of psk (krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from basidiomycetes: an overview. | psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from cultured mycelia of coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes, is a biological response modifier, diverse operations of which include an antitumor action. we have previously reviewed recent research which had demonstrated that in animals, psk has a preventive effect on chemical carcinogen-induced, radiation-induced, and spontaneously developed carcinogenesis (kobayashi et al., cancer epidemiol., biomarkers & prev., 2: 271-276, 1993). we now focus on ... | 1995 | 7606203 |
| competitive action of a biological response modifier, psk, on a humoral immunosuppressive factor produced in tumor-bearing hosts. | we investigated the effect of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from the basidiomycetes coriolus versicolor, on an immunosuppressive factor produced in tumor-bearing animals. oral administration of psk suppressed the growth of the tumor in c3h/he mice bearing x5563 plasmacytoma or mh134 hepatoma, but affected mice bearing mm102 mammary tumor little. psk prevented the reduction in splenic lymphocyte blastogenesis caused by phytohemagglutinin that occurs in mice bearing x5563 tumors or ... | 1990 | 1966997 |
| a protein-bound polysaccharide immunomodulator, psk, does not suppress the conversion from 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil to 5-fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer. | effects of the immunomodulator psk on the metabolism of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (tegafur) to 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) were examined in 10 patients with advanced gastric cancer and who had undergone curative resection. psk is a protein-bound preparation, extracted from coriolus versicolor and belongs to basidiomycetes. the 5-fu concentration in the plasma was 0.024 micrograms/ml at 15 min after the intravenous injection of 400 mg of tegafur and the area under the curve of 5-fu was 0.58 ... | 1991 | 1802023 |
| functional maturation of monocytes/macrophages induced by psk subfractions. | when mouse resident peritoneal macrophages were cultured with psk (krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from coriolus versicolor, they became enlarged and elongated and expressed higher nbt-reducing activity. psk stimulated the production of differentiation-inducing factor and cytotoxic factor by the mouse macrophage-like cell line j774.1, and iodination (incorporation of radioactive iodine into an acid-insoluble fraction) and interleukin-1-like factor production by human periphera ... | 1991 | 1768050 |
| immune enhancement of a polysaccharides peptides isolated from coriolus versicolor. | a protein-bound polysaccharides (psp) isolated from coriolus versicolor in shanghai, at the concentrations of 100-800 micrograms/ml promoted lymphocyte proliferation. psp 25 mg/kg ip into mice for 5 d antagonized the inhibition of il-2 production by cyclophosphamide from activated t lymphocytes and restored the suppressed t-cell-mediated delayed, type hypersensitivity response to normal. psp 10-1000 micrograms/ml induced interferon alpha and gamma production from human peripheral leukocytes 4 an ... | 1990 | 1718146 |
| effects of a protein-bound polysaccharide from a basidiomycetes against hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in rats. | psk, extracted from mycelia of a strain of coriolus versicolor, was administered to groups of 20 male wistar rats before and during treatment with 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3-mdab). after 24 weeks, the survival rates were significantly higher in the groups given psk before or with the 3-mdab than in groups not given psk or given psk after 12 weeks of 3-mdab treatment. blood alpha-fetoprotein levels, determined every four weeks, increased in all groups after 3-mdab treatment, but were ... | 1990 | 1702689 |
| mimicking of superoxide dismutase activity by protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel, and oxidative stress relief for cancer patients. | the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel (ps-k) has been found to express antioxidant activity as an "ion-radical scavenger" in diamine oxidation reactions. the mode of this expression was examined to determine whether the drug functioned as a simple radical scavenger or mimicked the action of superoxide dismutase (sod). the latter was confirmed in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic superoxide anion radical (o2-.) producing systems in vitro. the sod mimetic activity of ps-k was ... | 1992 | 1627273 |
| production of manganic chelates by laccase from the lignin-degrading fungus trametes (coriolus) versicolor. | many ligninolytic basidiomycete fungi have been shown to secrete a group of peroxidase isozymes whose sole function appears to be the peroxide-dependent oxidation of manganous [mn(ii)] to manganic [mn(iii)] ions. manganic chelates and these mn peroxidases have been implicated as central to the degradation of various natural and synthetic lignins and lignin-containing effluents by white rot (ligninolytic) fungi. another group of enzymes, the laccases, are commonly secreted by wood-rotting fungi, ... | 1992 | 1622216 |
| characterization of a lignin peroxidase gene from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. | a genomic library of the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor has been constructed and a gene coding for a lignin peroxidase has been isolated and sequenced. the gene, which contains 6 introns, encodes a protein of 346 amino acid residues, preceded by a tentative 26-residue signal peptide. the deduced amino-terminal sequence agrees with the amino-terminal end of a lignin peroxidase isozyme previously isolated from carbon-limited cultures of t versicolor. | 1992 | 1581393 |
| the anti-tumor effect of a small polypeptide from coriolus versicolor (spcv). | a new small polypeptide was isolated from the crude extraction of polysaccharide peptide of coriolus versicolor (cov-1) by hplc and cief. it has a smaller molecular weight (10k) compared with that of psp (100k) and was named small peptide of coriolus versicolor, spcv. it was found that spcv possesses potent cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines of hl-60, ls174-t, smmu-7721, and scg-7901. the ic50 of spcv on hl-60 was 30 micrograms/ml. the inhibition rates of leukemia cells and scg-7901 were ... | 1992 | 1471606 |
| enhancement of effector cell activities in mice bearing syngeneic plasmacytoma x5563 by a biological response modifier, psk. | we investigated the effect of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from coriolus versicolor of basidiomycetes, on antitumor immunity in tumor-bearing mice. psk prolonged significantly the life span of c3h/he mice bearing syngeneic plasmacytoma x5563 in a schedule- and dose-dependent manner. psk was most effective when administered at 100 mg/kg every other day ten times starting from the day after tumor inoculation. the administration of psk enhanced significantly the cytostatic activity ... | 1992 | 1339233 |
| effects of biological response modifiers with different modes of action used separately and together on immune responses in mice with syngeneic tumours. | the effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide (psk) obtained from cultured mycelia of the basidiomycetes coriolus versicolor on activities involved in the host defence mechanism of c57bl/6 mice bearing adenocarcinoma 755 was compared with that of live bacille calmette-guérin (bcg). delayed footpad reaction, the activity of splenic natural killer cells and interferon production induced by concanavalin a in splenic cells of healthy mice were little affected by psk, but in mice bearing tumours psk p ... | 1992 | 1280606 |
| blastoid transformation of human lymphocytes cultured with protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, ps-k, in vitro. | the protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, ps-k, isolated from a mushroom, coriolus versicolor, was found to stimulate human lymphocytes and induce them into blastogenesis in vitro. this stimulatory effect seemed to be nonspecific since lymphocytes from cord blood of newborn babies were also stimulated by ps-k. the highest lymphocyte blastogenesis by ps-k was observed after 5 days in culture. | 1976 | 1017585 |
| [studies on antitumor activities of basidiomycetes-antitumor activity of polysaccharides and sex factors]. | we have already reported antitumor activities of fungal and bacterial polysaccharides on mice. in the present experiment, the influence of the sex on antitumor effects on such material from grifola umbellata, coriolus versicolor fries or sargassum thumbergii and the immunity of mice against tumor were investigated. the growth velocities of sarcoma 180, ehrlich solid carcinoma, pulmonary tumor 7423 and mf-sarcoma bearing mice both without treatment and those treated with polysaccharides were mor ... | 1976 | 986353 |
| [structural studies on the anti-tumor active polysaccharides from coriolus versicolor (basidiomycetes). ii. structures of beta-d-glucan moieties of fractionated polysaccharides (author's transl)]. | | 1976 | 945821 |
| [structural studies on the anti-tumor active polysaccharides from coriolus versicolor (basidiomycetes). i. fractionation with barium hydroxide (author's transl)]. | | 1976 | 945820 |
| enhanced induction of immune resistance by concanavalin a-bound l1210 vaccine and an immunopotentiator prepared from coriolus versicolor. | combined administration of a vaccine consisting of a small number (2 x 10(6)) of l1210 murine leukemic cells treated with glutaraldehyde and concanavalin a and a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation of coriolus versicolor induced synergistic resistance to l1210 leukemia in balb/c x dba/2crf1 mice. this effect was dependent on the dose and timing of the administration of the protein-bound polysaccharide preparation, being most effective at the time of or 1 day after the second vaccination. in ... | 1977 | 922733 |
| p.m.r. studies on the antitumour polysaccharide isolated from coriolus versicolor. | | 1977 | 902267 |
| [effect of atso from coriolus versicolor on immune response (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 558317 |
| induction by ferulic acid of multiple forms of peroxidase in the fungus trametes versicolor (basidiomycetes). | two forms of peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7) were induced in mycelium of trametes versicolor by ferulic acid, with an about 2,5-fold increase of their specific activity. both inducible forms of peroxidase were isolated and partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex c-50 and deae-sepharose cl 6b; some of their properties were also characterized. | 1979 | 545955 |
| effects of coriolan, an antitumor polysaccharide, produced by coriolus versicolor iwade. | | 1979 | 541908 |
| [action mechanism of respiratory inhibition by systemic fungicides of the carboxin group. action of oxathiin derevatives and analogs on nonphosphorylating submitochondrial particles from ox heart as well as trametes versicolor and trichoderma viride]. | | 1977 | 201109 |
| effect of immunostimulants and antitumor agents on tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production. | ok-432, a lyophilized preparation of streptococcus pyogenes, showed a priming activity for tnf production in mice, associated with an increase of spleen weight. psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation from coriolus versicolor, did not show such activity. both ok-432 and psk potentiated the tnf production in mice primed with corynebacterium parvum (cp) and challenged with escherichia coli endotoxin (lps). cytotoxic antitumor agents of 5-fluorouracil (5-fu), cyclophosphamide (cy) and bleom ... | 1987 | 2448255 |
| characterization of lignin peroxidase-encoding genes from lignin-degrading basidiomycetes. | two closely linked lignin peroxidase (lpo)-encoding genes (lpo) from phanerochaete chrysosporium were isolated. nucleotide sequence studies indicated that the two genes are separated by 1.3 kb of flanking dna and transcribed in opposite directions. cloned p. chrysosporium lpo gene probes have been shown to hybridize to multiple sequences present in the dnas of the white-rot fungi, bjerkandera adusta, coriolus versicolor and fomes lignosus, but no hybridization was detected with dna from pleurotu ... | 1990 | 2373364 |
| [effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide, psk, on human hemopoietic progenitors]. | using in vitro clonal culture assays, we investigated the effects of psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide derived from the cultured mycelium of cm101, coriolus versicolor (fr.) quél in basidiomycetes, on human hemopoietic progenitors. psk alone did not stimulate colony formation by human bone marrow progenitors. although 1-100 micrograms/ml of psk had no effects on colony formation stimulated by erythropoietin and medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes, more than 1 mg/ml o ... | 1989 | 2618537 |
| the gene from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor encoding the lignin peroxidase isozyme lp7. | the structural gene lpgvi (1463 bp including 6 introns), characterized from the white-rot basidiomycete trametes versicolor (prl 572), encodes a 342-residue mature polypeptide of 36.7 kda, preceded by a 26-residue signal/propeptide. lpgvi is identified as the gene encoding the 43 kda lignin peroxidase isozyme lp7 as based on the partial amino acid sequence information available. the polypeptide deduced shares 72-74% identity in sequence with other lignin peroxidases and 70% with a manganese (ii) ... | 1995 | 7632736 |
| lignin oxidation by laccase isozymes from trametes versicolor and role of the mediator 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) in kraft lignin depolymerization. | two laccase isozymes (i and ii) produced by the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor were purified, and their reactivities towards various substrates and lignins were studied. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of these enzymes were determined and compared to other known laccase sequences. laccase ii showed a very high sequence similarity to a laccase which was previously reported to depolymerize lignin. the reactivities of the two isozymes on most of the substrates tested were similar, but the ... | 1995 | 7646025 |
| characterization of a laccase gene from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor and structural features of basidiomycete laccases. | a gene coding for the multi-copper phenol oxidase laccase has been isolated from the white-rot basidiomycete trametes versicolor. the gene, which is preceded by a tata box and a pyrimidine-rich region, is predicted to contain ten introns. the mature translation product, preceded by a 22-residue signal peptide, should consist of 498 residues. comparisons with edman degradation data of peptides from t. versicolor laccase strongly suggest that two disulfide bridges are formed by cys-85/cys-487 and ... | 1995 | 7669813 |
| prolongation of the survival period with the biological response modifier psk in rats bearing n-methyl-n-nitrosourea-induced mammary gland tumors. | the antitumor effects of a protein-bound polysaccharide (psk) obtained from cultured mycelia of coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes on mammary gland tumors produced in sprague-dawley rats by the intravenous injection of n-methyl-n-nitrosourea were investigated. psk prolonged the survival period of tumor-bearing rats significantly, when given at the dose of 250 mg/kg twice a week for 3 weeks after the tumor reached 100 mm2 in size (p = 0.011 by log rank test and p = 0.023 by generalized wilcoxo ... | 1995 | 7669949 |
| enhancement of anti-cancer activity of cisdiaminedichloroplatinum by the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel (ps-k) in vitro. | the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel (ps_k) expresses superoxide dismutase (sod) mimicking activity. examination was made of the effects of ps-k on cancer cell lines following administration of the anti-cancer drug cisdiaminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin). cell proliferation of each cell line was inhibited markedly by cisplatin from 0.5 to 5 micrograms/0.5 ml per well. fifty percent of the inhibitory concentration (ic50) was 0.33 micrograms/0.5 ml per well in nrk-49f and hu ... | 1994 | 7719382 |
| effect of polysaccharide peptide (psp) on glutathione and protection against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. | the protective effects of polysaccharide peptide (psp), isolated from coriolus versicolor cov-1, on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in this study. the effect of psp on hepatic glutathione status was also studied. psp (300 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a 40% depletion of hepatic reduced glutathione (gsh) with a concomitant 50% increase in oxidized glutathione (gssg), thus producing a 3-fold increase in the gssg/gsh ratio. the psp-induced gsh depletion itself had no hepatotoxic effects. ... | 1994 | 7723471 |
| laccase component of the ceriporiopsis subvermispora lignin-degrading system. | laccase activity in the lignin-degrading fungus ceriporiopsis subvermispora was associated with several proteins in the broth of cultures grown in a defined medium. activity was not increased significantly by adding 2,5-xylidine or supplemental copper to the medium. higher activity, associated with two major isoenzymes, developed in cultures grown on a wheat bran medium. these two isoenzymes were purified to homogeneity. l1 and l2 had isoelectric points of 3.4 and 4.8, molecular masses of 71 and ... | 1995 | 7793921 |
| oxidative stress relief for cancer-bearing hosts by the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel with sod mimicking activity. | the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel (ps-k) expresses the mimetic activity of superoxide dismutase (sod). human cancer patients usually suffer from oxidative stress (os). examination was made to determine the capacity of this drug with sod mimetic activity for relieving os. rats transplanted with walker 256 fibrosarcoma showed os on day 12. after confirming high levels of os on day 13, ps-k50 mg/kg was intraperitoneally administered, and prompt decrease in o2-release from ... | 1994 | 7812357 |
| suppression of cancer cell growth in vitro by the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel (ps-k) with sod mimicking activity. | the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel (ps-k) expresses the mimicking activity of superoxide dismutase (sod). examination was made of the suppressive effects of ps-k on cancer cell lines cultured in vitro. the sod activity of llc-wrc-256 (walker 256 fibrosarcoma) cell lines was less than that of nrk-49f (rat normal kidney fibroblast), h4-ii-e (rat hepatoma) and h4-ii-e-c3 (rat hepatoma) cell lines. this activity in walker 256 fibrosarcoma cells increased by 3.6 times and h2 ... | 1994 | 7812358 |
| suppressive effects on cancer cell proliferation of the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (sod) activity associated with the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel. | the protein-bound polysaccharide of coriolus versicolor quel (ps-k) expresses superoxide dismutase (sod) mimicking activity. examination was made of the suppressive effects of ps-k on cancer cell lines cultured in vitro. sod activity of incorporated ps-k was 5.88 u/mg in llc-wrc-256 (walker 256 fibrosarcoma) cells and 4.73 u/mg in nrk-49f (rat normal kidney fibroblast) cells. sod activity in both cell types was enhanced about 7-8 times that of the original ps-k. ps-k was not incorporated into h4 ... | 1994 | 7812365 |
| disulfide bonds and glycosylation in fungal peroxidases. | four conserved disulfide bonds and n-linked and o-linked glycans of extracellular fungal peroxidases have been identified from studies of a lignin and a manganese peroxidase from trametes versicolor, and from coprinus cinereus peroxidase (cip) and recombinant c. cinereus peroxidase (rcip) expressed in aspergillus oryzae. the eight cysteine residues are linked 1-3, 2-7, 4-5 and 6-8, and are located differently from the four conserved disulfide bridges present in the homologous plant peroxidases. ... | 1995 | 7851395 |
| enhancement of the antitumor effect by the concurrent use of a monoclonal antibody and the protein-bound polysaccharide psk in mice bearing a human cancer cell line. | the antitumor effects of a monoclonal antibody against a human cancer cell line and a protein-bound polysaccharide, psk, obtained from cultured mycelia of coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes were examined. the igg2a monoclonal antibody against the human colon cancer cell line colo 205 induced in vitro antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity against the cancer cells, but only slightly suppressed the in vivo growth of the cancer cells. concurrent use of psk with the antibody enhanced ... | 1994 | 7919129 |
| [effects of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on productivity and longevity in drosophila melanogaster]. | coriolus versicolor polysaccharides (cvp), extracted from coriolus versicolor (l) fr, were composed of 67.53% beta-d-glucose, 12.49% d-mannose, 11.49% l-abequose, 8.21% d-galactose, and trace l-acofriose. on oregon k stock of drosophila melanogaster, 0.5%-5% of cvp increased the number of taking food. cvp 2%, 3%, and 5% increased the frequency of mating and 0.5%-3% increased the number of flies in first filial generation (f1). cvp (2% and 3% in mated test; 1% and 2% in unmated test) prolonged th ... | 1993 | 8010074 |
| degradability of chlorine-free bleachery effluent lignins by two fungi: effects on lignin subunit type and on polymer molecular weight. | a bleachery effluent from a sulfite process pulp mill, which was extracted with alkali and treated with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (eop), was treated with two fungi, trametes versicolor and stagonospora gigaspora. trametes versicolor did not cause any depolymerization or degradation of effluent lignins but increased the amount of chromophores, whereas s. gigaspora depolymerized the eop lignins and caused a substantial reduction in aromatic compounds. for both fungal treatments, cuo oxidation c ... | 1994 | 8012907 |
| tandem lignin peroxidase genes of the fungus trametes versicolor. | a dna fragment containing two lignin peroxidase genes (lpg i and lpg ii) has been isolated from a genomic library of the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. the genes are separated by 2.2 kbp and have the same direction of transcription. conserved elements preceding the translation start have been identified. in addition to the tata box, a stretch of 11 identical nucleotides is found 23-24 bp downstream of the tata box. the putative mature peroxidases encoded by lpg i and lpg ii are 87% identi ... | 1994 | 8049266 |
| creation of metal-complexing agents, reduction of manganese dioxide, and promotion of manganese peroxidase-mediated mn(iii) production by cellobiose:quinone oxidoreductase from trametes versicolor. | culture supernatants of the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor were found to contain mn(iii)-complexing agents able to effectively promote manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp)-mediated oxidation of phenol red. the high molecular weight fractions of these supernatants contained carbohydrate polymers that functioned as effective mn(iii)-complexing agents. gluconic and glucuronic acids were also found to be effective mn(iii)-complexing ligands capable of supporting mnp-mediated phenol red oxidati ... | 1994 | 8051055 |
| a novel type of peroxidase gene from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. | the wood-decaying fungus trametes versicolor secretes a large number of peroxidase isozymes, presumed to partake in the degradation of lignin. from enzymic studies, two types of peroxidases have been distinguished: lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases. we here report the finding of a t. versicolor peroxidase gene, pg v, which displays several features not observed in previously studied peroxidase genes from white-rot fungi, such as a high number of introns (12). eight of the 12 introns h ... | 1994 | 8075158 |
| metabolism of pah by fungi and correlation with extracellular enzymatic activities. | the activity to metabolize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene by trametes versicolor, pleurotus ostreatus (white rot fungi), laetiporus sulphureus, daedaela quercina, flamulina velutipes (brown rot fungi), marasmiellus sp. (litter decaying fungus) and penicillium sp. m 1 (isolated from a pah contaminated soil sample) were compared. screening methods for the presence of exoenzymes (peroxidases, polyphenoloxidases, "radical genera ... | 1993 | 8229670 |
| postoperative psk and ok-432 immunochemotherapy for patients with gastric cancer. | we evaluated the effects of chemotherapy given postoperatively with and without immunomodulators on the survival of patients who had undergone resection for gastric cancer. we conducted a retrospective survey of data on 963 japanese patients treated at our department of surgery between 1965 and 1987. data related to the duration of postoperative survival were calculated for those who received chemotherapy, i.e. an individualized combination of various agents given with or without the immunomodul ... | 1993 | 8261578 |
| activation of peritoneal macrophages by polysaccharopeptide from the mushroom, coriolus versicolor. | polysaccharopeptide (psp) is a substance produced by an edible mushroom, coriolus versicolor which has been claimed to possess antitumor activity. however, neither tumoricidal activity nor cytotoxicity was observed when five tumor cell lines and mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in vitro in the presence of 2.5-10 micrograms/ml psp. an increase in the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates, reactive oxygen intermediates (superoxide anions) and tumor necrosis factor was measured in ... | 1993 | 8282538 |
| characterization and structural analysis of the laccase i gene from the newly isolated ligninolytic basidiomycete pm1 (cect 2971). | we have isolated and characterized the cdna and genomic dna coding for a phenoloxidase, laccase i, previously purified from culture supernatant of the newly isolated ligninolytic basidiomycete pm1 (cect 2971). a cdna library from basidiomycete pm1 was constructed, and laccase-encoding cdnas were identified by screening with antiserum raised against the purified enzyme. the lac1 gene coding for the laccase was identified in a partial genomic library by using the isolated cdna as a probe. nucleoti ... | 1993 | 8285710 |
| effects of 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose on selected glucose-metabolizing enzymes. | it was verified, by n.m.r. and fast-atom-bombardment-m.s. studies, that the c-2 position of 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose, which was prepared by the reaction of immobilized glucose 2-oxidase from coriolus versicolor (with 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol), is hydrated to the acetal form in water. the effects of 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose on several glucose-metabolizing enzymes were compared with those of 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol. glucose 1-oxidase from aspergillus niger was inhibited by 1,5-anhydro-d-fructose (ki 6.6 ... | 1993 | 8297506 |
| stimulation by psk of interleukin-1 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | psk (krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from coriolus versicolor, stimulated the production of interleukin-1 (il-1) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells more efficiently than the production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf). more il-1 alpha was accumulated in the cells than in the medium fraction, whereas il-1 beta was distributed evenly into both fractions. psk stimulated the production of adherent mononuclear cells, in which significantly higher amounts of il-1 alpha/il-1 b ... | 1993 | 8317896 |
| psk as a chemopreventive agent. | psk, a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation obtained from cultured mycelia of the cm-101 strain of coriolus versicolor belonging to basidiomycetes, is a biological response modifier capable of exhibiting diverse biological activities. this agent has been used clinically for the treatment of postoperative cancer patients in japan by oral use. in this paper, chemopreventive aspects of psk were reviewed. oral administration of psk reduced the incidence of tumor and/or prolonged the survival per ... | 1993 | 8318880 |
| is an activator protein-2-like transcription factor involved in regulating gene expression during nitrogen limitation in fungi? | the upstream sequences of all published lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase genomic clones from phanerochaete chrysosporium were analyzed. this analysis revealed the presence of putative activator protein-2 (ap-2) recognition sequences in 11 of 15 lignin peroxidase genes. the lignin peroxidase clone glg6 and the manganese peroxidase gene (mnp-1) have two copies of putative ap-2 sequence in the upstream region. interestingly, the lignin peroxidase gene vlg4 of another white rot fungus, tra ... | 1993 | 8357266 |
| isozymes of lignin peroxidase and manganese(ii) peroxidase from the white-rot basidiomycete trametes versicolor. i. isolation of enzyme forms and characterization of physical and catalytic properties. | the basidiomycete trametes versicolor is a white-rot fungus and a potent degrader of lignin. the development of extracellular enzyme activities in the fungal culture under physiological conditions of secondary metabolism was investigated. using the culture medium as starting material a large number of peroxidase forms were purified by the use of chromatographic techniques. sixteen forms of lignin peroxidase and five forms of manganese(ii) peroxidase were separated and the majority of these enzym ... | 1993 | 8424685 |
| isozymes of lignin peroxidase and manganese(ii) peroxidase from the white-rot basidiomycete trametes versicolor. ii. partial sequences, peptide maps, and amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. | the basidiomycete trametes versicolor, a white-rot fungus and potent degrader of lignin, produces multiple forms of extracellular peroxidases. nine of these forms, six lignin peroxidases and three manganese(ii) peroxidases, purified as described in the preceding paper, were characterized by amino-terminal sequencing, amino acid analyses, carbohydrate analyses, or peptide mapping. for two of the lignin peroxidase forms, tryptic peptides were isolated and sequenced to an extent corresponding to ab ... | 1993 | 8424691 |
| enzymatic dimerization of penicillin x. | penicillin x methyl ester was transformed into three types of dimer by laccase from coriolus versicolor. the dimers are considered to be formed by free-radical addition of phenoxy radicals produced by laccase. the enzyme reaction with the ester as substrate was more suitable for forming dimers than that with the sodium salt as substrate. penicillin x pivaloyloxymethyl ester was also transformed into a dimer, which had antibacterial activity in the presence of esterase. | 1993 | 8436547 |