Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| a comparison of disease caused by shigella and campylobacter species: 24 months community based surveillance in 4 slums of karachi, pakistan. | despite the efforts of the international community diarrheal diseases still pose a major threat to children in children less than five years of age. bacterial diarrhea has also emerged as a public health concern due to the proliferation of drug resistant species in many parts of the world. there is a paucity of population-based data about the incidence of shigellosis and campylobacter infections in pakistan. we report country specific results for shigella diarrhea that were derived from a multic ... | 2011 | 21338955 |
| a live noninvasive shigella dysenteriae 1 strain induces homologous protective immunity in a guinea pig colitis model. | a noninvasive live transconjugant shigella hybrid (ltsh?stx) strain was constructed from a shiga toxin gene deleted mutant of shigella dysenteriae 1 by introducing a plasmid vector ppr1347 that carried a lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene (rfb and rfc) of salmonella typhimurium. in guinea pigs, four successive oral administrations of ltsh?stx showed complete protection against rectal challenge with wild type s. dysenteriae 1 strain. exponential increase of the serum igg and iga titer against l ... | 2011 | 21806676 |
| dipstick test for rapid diagnosis of shigella dysenteriae 1 in bacterial cultures and its potential use on stool samples. | we describe a test for rapid detection of s. dysenteriae 1 in bacterial cultures and in stools, at the bedside of patients. | 2011 | 21984895 |
| lactobacilli inhibit shigella dysenteriae 1 induced pro-inflammatory response and cytotoxicity in host cells via impediment of shigella-host interactions. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children from less developed and developing countries. the present study explores the hypothesis that lactobacilli protect the host cell during s. dysenteriae type 1 infection and its mechanism of action. | 2010 | 19535308 |
| characterization of wrss2 and wrss3, new second-generation virg(icsa)-based shigella sonnei vaccine candidates with the potential for reduced reactogenicity. | live, attenuated shigella vaccine candidates, such as shigella sonnei strain wrss1, shigella flexneri 2a strain sc602, and shigella dysenteriae 1 strain wrsd1, are attenuated principally by the loss of the virg(icsa) protein. these candidates have proven to be safe and immunogenic in volunteer trials and in one study, efficacious against shigellosis. one drawback of these candidate vaccines has been the reactogenic symptoms of fever and diarrhea experienced by the volunteers, that increased in a ... | 2010 | 19932216 |
| selective deletion of cd8(+) cells upregulated by caspases-1 via il-18 in mice immunized with major outer membrane protein of shigella dysenteriae 1 following infection. | introduction: mucosal lymphoid changes were observed in cryopreserved rectal tissues obtained from balb/c mice infected with shigella dysenteriae 1, immunized with 57-kda major antigenic outer membrane protein, and infection after immunization. discussion: our data suggested that caspase-3 is downregulated in cd4(+) cells of immunized balb/c mice following infection with substantial increased expression of interleukin (il)-2 and interferon (ifn)-gamma, while caspase-1 is upregulated in cd8(+) ce ... | 2010 | 20084439 |
| a challenge model for shigella dysenteriae 1 in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). | shigella dysenteriae type 1 can cause devastating pandemics with high case fatality rates; a vaccine for shigella is unavailable currently. because of the risks associated with performing challenge studies with wild-type s. dysenteriae 1 in human clinical trials to advance vaccine development, an improved nonhuman primate model is needed urgently. in the present study, cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) were challenged with various doses of s. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 to establish a dose ... | 2010 | 20158950 |
| lactobacilli facilitate maintenance of intestinal membrane integrity during shigella dysenteriae 1 infection in rats. | lactobacilli are used in various dairy products and fermented foods for their potential health beneficial effects. recently we reported the protective role of lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus acidophilus during shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. nevertheless, investigations on the membrane-stabilizing effect of l. rhamnosus and l. acidophilus have not been done. hence, the present study evaluated the effect of l. rhamnosus and l. acidophilus on the maintenance of intestinal membrane inte ... | 2009 | 19036564 |
| safety and immunogenicity of sc599, an oral live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type-1 vaccine in healthy volunteers: results of a phase 2, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. | sc599 vaccine is a live shigella dysenteriae 1 strain attenuated by deletion of invasion [icsa], iron chelation [ent, fep] and shiga toxin a subunit [stxa] genes. in a preliminary phase 1 single dose prospective study, we showed that sc599 vaccine was well tolerated, and the maximum tolerable dose was greater than 10(8) cfu [sadorge c, ndiaye a, beveridge n, frazer s, giemza r, jolly n, et al. phase 1 clinical trial of live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type-1 deltaicsa deltaent deltafep delta ... | 2009 | 19135496 |
| risk areas and neighborhood-level risk factors for shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri. | annually, there are 165 million cases of shigellosis resulting in 1.1 million deaths in the developing world. two species of the causative agent, shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri, are responsible for acute diarrheal illness. vaccines are being developed against both but many questions remain about the disease burden, distribution of species in space and time, and community-level risk factors. this study answers two questions. what are the differences in neighborhood-level risk factor ... | 2008 | 17602851 |
| shiga toxin 1 induces apoptosis through the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human monocytic cells. | shiga toxins (stxs) expressed by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae 1 and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli are potent protein synthesis inhibitors. shiga toxins have also been shown to induce apoptosis in epithelial, endothelial and monocytic cells. the precise relationship between protein synthesis inhibition and induction of apoptosis is not known. we show that stimulation of the myelogenous leukaemia cell line thp-1 with purified stx1 induced the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress r ... | 2008 | 18005243 |
| gateways to clinical trials. | 11d10, 9vpnc-mncc; adalimumab, adefovir dipivoxil, alefacept, aln-rsv01, ame-133, amg-317, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium, anisodamine, anti-il-5 receptor antibody, apremilast, aripiprazole, atacicept, atazanavir sulfate, atrasentan; banoxantrone, bevacizumab, bibw-2992, binodenoson, bms-387032; cac10, caldaret hydrate, cd-np, ceftobiprole medocaril, celivarone fumarate, certolizumab pegol, cholesteryl hydrophobized polysaccharide-her2 protein complex, ... | 2008 | 18773127 |
| protective role of lactobacilli in shigella dysenteriae 1-induced diarrhea in rats. | studies on lactic acid bacteria exemplify their use against various enteropathogens in vitro. nevertheless, in vivo effects of lactobacillus during shigella infection have not been evaluated. the present study evaluated the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus acidophilus on neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation during shigella dysenteriae 1-induced diarrhea in rats. | 2007 | 17483010 |
| phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase-mediated signals in mice immunized with the 57 kda major antigenic outer-membrane protein of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | antigen-specific t-cell signalling via t-cell antigen receptor stimulation was carried out in balb/c mice immunized with the 57 kda major antigenic component of shigella dysenteriae 1 outer-membrane proteins. in presence of anti-cd3, the 57 kda antigen was found to increase the level of il-2 significantly instead of il-4. il-2 production in t cells was consistent with an increase in intracellular free ca(2+) [(ca(2+))i] concentration. the antigen-specific modulation was observed during t-cell si ... | 2005 | 15947427 |
| epidemic strain shigella dysenteriae type 1 dt66 encodes several drug resistances by chromosome. | multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 were isolated from an epidemic in west bengal, india (1984). during the past two decades, much attention was given to reevaluation of treatment recommendations. however, there are no useful data on drug resistance encoded by chromosome. | 2005 | 15950082 |
| variation in the shiga toxin region of 20th-century epidemic and endemic shigella dysenteriae 1 strains. | the shiga toxin (stx) region of shigella dysenteriae 1 lies on a defective prophage homologous to lambdoid bacteriophages in stx-producing escherichia coli. s. dysenteriae 1 strains obtained in locations throughout the world over the course of the past 60 years were assessed for variations in the stx region by use of polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis. the defective prophage was present in all strains examined, suggesting that all s. dysenteriae 1 isolates derive from a clone that r ... | 2004 | 15216469 |
| role of anti-cd3 in modulation of th1-type immune response in shigella dysenteriae infection. | a murine model was used to evaluate the role of anti-cd3 in modulating a th1-type response by restimulation of t-cells after immunization with the 57 kda immunodominant antigen of shigella dysenteriae 1 outer-membrane proteins (omps), followed by shigella infection after immunization. to observe the effect of anti-cd3, other t-cell cultures were also established following anti-cd1, anti-il2 and phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. anti-cd3 stimulation of reconstituted t-cells showed 'mean' levels of ... | 2004 | 15496383 |
| role of 57 kda major antigenic component of shigella dysenteriae outer membrane proteins in induction of major histocompatibility complex ii-restricted t-cell response. | in the past, many shigella surface antigens were used to activate both t and b lymphocytes but failed to induce antigen-specific responses in shigellosis. our objective was to identify in vitro t-cell components using 57 kda major antigenic fraction of shigella dysenteriae 1 (ipc-31) outer membrane proteins (omps) in modulating specific t-cell subset responses against shigellosis. | 2004 | 15610914 |
| histopathological study of rabbit intestinal mucosa infected with a hybrid strain of shigella dysenteriae 1 carrying lps biosynthesis genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the rfb gene cluster and the rfc gene of salmonella enterica were introduced earlier into an invasive shigella dysenteriae 1 strain by triparental cross. antiserum was raised in rabbit against lipopolysaccharide isolated from the hybrid strain. both the hybrid and the invasive s. dysenteriae 1 strain were found to have a titer of 1:2560 while for s. enterica, it was 1:640. ligated ileal loops were prepared in rabbit, which were inoculated with 10(8) cfu ml(-1) each of the hybrid strain, and inva ... | 2003 | 12620623 |
| construction, characterization, and animal testing of wrsd1, a shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine. | wrsd1 is a shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine containing deletions of the virg(icsa) gene required for intercellular spreading and a 20-kb chromosomal region encompassing the shiga toxin genes (stxab). wrsd1 was constructed from s. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 that was originally isolated during the 1968 to 1969 epidemic of shiga dysentery in guatemala. the virg(icsa) deletion was constructed from a streptomycin-resistant (str(r)) mutant of 1617 by a filter mating procedures using a virg(icsa) deletion ... | 2002 | 12010984 |
| antimicrobial potentiality of a phenothiazine group of antipsychotic drug-prochlorperazine. | the antipsychotic drug, prochlorperazine (pcp), was tested for its antimicrobial efficacy against 103 strains belonging to both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. the drug was found to possess maximum activity against staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae and shigella spp. pcp was moderately active against e. coli but most of the strains belonging to bacillus spp, klebsiella spp, salmonella spp and lactobacillus spp were found to be resistant to this drug. the drug was tested for its mod ... | 2002 | 12597553 |
| [place and resistance of epidemic strains of shigella dysenteriae-1 isolated at the fann hospital from 1995 to 1999]. | shigella dysenteriae-1 (s.d-1) takes a more and more important place in intertropical countries, with multiresistant strains to antibiotics. the objectives of the study is to determine the prevalence of s.d-1 among bacterial isolations at fann hospital at dakar, and to identify the resistant profiles of the strains. this retrospective study was conducted on the strains isolated between 1995 and 1999 by examination of faeces for bacterial pathogens. the susceptibility of the strains to antibiotic ... | 2002 | 15776683 |
| epidemiology of postshigellosis persistent diarrhea in young children. | dysentery accounts for 20% of the 4.6 million diarrhea-associated deaths among children in developing countries, with the risk from death in dysenteric persistent diarrhea 10-fold higher than that in acute dysentery. although shigella accounts for the majority of dysenteric episodes, very little is known about the epidemiology of postshigellosis persistent diarrhea. | 2001 | 11368112 |
| adherence of shigella dysenteriae 1 to human colonic mucin. | the pathogenic potential of shigella is correlated with the ability of the organism to invade and multiply within the cells of colonic epithelium. although invasion is the ultimate event, a preceding step is adherence. shigella dysenteriae 1 preferentially adhered to colonic mucin and not to small intestinal mucin. the pathogen showed a very strong adherence pattern to human colonic mucin when compared with guinea pig and rat mucin. the adherence pattern of s. dysenteriae 1 was not altered on pr ... | 2001 | 11381327 |
| clonal relationships among shigella serotypes suggested by cryptic flagellin gene polymorphism. | the presence of cryptic flic alleles in the genomes of 120 strains representative of the four shigella species was investigated. one fragment was obtained by pcr amplification of flic, with a size varying from 1.2 to 3.2 kbp, depending on the species or serotype. after digestion with endonuclease hhai, the number of fragments in patterns varied from three to nine, with sizes of between 115 and 1,020 bp. patterns sharing most of their bands were grouped to constitute an f type. a total of 17 diff ... | 2001 | 11158126 |
| [effect of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on lipopolysaccharide fatty acid composition in shigella dysenteriae 1]. | changes in the fatty acid composition of s. dysenteriae 1 lipid a after the treatment of lipopolysaccharide (lps) with hydrosylamine hydrochloride (hh) and 4 degrees c, 37 degrees c and 56 degrees c were studied with the use of gas-liquid chromatographicmass-spectrometry. the treatment with hh led to a decrease in the toxicity of lps, but produced no changes in the content of the main fatty acid components of lipid a (lauric, myristic, oxymyristic and palmitic acids). at the same time the total ... | 2000 | 11210628 |
| production of ifn-gamma and il-10 to shigella invasins by mononuclear cells from volunteers orally inoculated with a shiga toxin-deleted shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain. | volunteers were orally administered invasive, non-shiga toxin-producing shigella dysenteriae 1 to establish a challenge model to assess vaccine efficacy. in stepwise fashion, four separate groups were given 3 x 10(2), 7 x 10(3), 5 x 10(4), or 7 x 10(5) cfu. using pbmc, proliferative responses and cytokine production were measured to s. dysenteriae whole-cell preparations and to purified recombinant invasion plasmid ags (ipa) c and ipad. anti-lps and anti-ipa abs and ab-secreting cells were also ... | 2000 | 10657678 |
| disease-dependent changes in t-cell populations in patients with shigellosis. | in shigellosis, bacterial infection is associated with an extensive inflammation of the rectal mucosa, resulting in bloody dysentery. the role of t-cell-mediated pro-inflammatory mechanisms has been implicated in this process, but the specific role of t-cell subsets is still not well understood. in this study we attempted to identify the changes in t-cell populations in patients with shigellosis during the disease course. the t-cell subset distribution was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in the ... | 2000 | 10843411 |
| [shigella bacteraemia: a report of two cases observed in dakar]. | shigellosis is usually a self-limiting enteric disease, rarely accompanied by extra-intestinal manifestations. in senegal, shigella bacteraemia is poorly documented. the authors report two retrospective cases of shigella dysenteriae 1 bacteraemia in an infant aged 12 months and a 32 years-old adult admitted at the infectious diseases clinic in dakar. in both cases, a fatal outcome was observed, in relation to complications: endotoxic shock in the infant, severe intestinal haemorrhage in the adul ... | 2000 | 15779184 |
| spontaneous tandem amplification and deletion of the shiga toxin operon in shigella dysenteriae 1. | only one species of shigella, shigella dysenteriae 1, has been demonstrated to produce shiga toxin (stx). stx is closely related to the toxins produced by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). in stec, these toxins are often encoded on lambdoid bacteriophages and are major virulence factors for these organisms. although the bacteriophage-encoded stx genes of stec are highly mobile, the stx genes in s. dysenteriae 1 have been believed to be chromosomally encoded and not transmissible. we ... | 1999 | 10594830 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance among diarrheal pathogens isolated in thailand over 15 years. | antibiotic resistance trends were examined for shigella species, nontyphoidal salmonella species, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), and campylobacter species isolates from indigenous persons and travelers in thailand for up to 15 years. resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was found in >90% of shigella and 40% of etec and nontyphoidal salmonella isolates. resistance to nalidixic acid was found in 97%-100% of shigella dysenteriae 1 strains isolated between 1992 and 1995. ciprofloxac ... | 1998 | 9502453 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1 toxin induced lipid peroxidation in enterocytes isolated from rabbit ileum. | to evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ros) in shigella dysenteriae 1 toxin (stx) mediated intestinal infection, the ligated rabbit small intestinal loops were injected with stx. the enterocytes isolated from stx treated rabbit ileal loops had a significantly higher level of lipid peroxidation as compared to enterocytes isolated from control rabbit ileum. to study the role of second messengers in stx mediated intestinal damage, the in vivo and in vitro effects of modulators of lipid pe ... | 1998 | 9546597 |
| shiga toxin type 1 activates tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transcription and nuclear translocation of the transcriptional activators nuclear factor-kappab and activator protein-1. | shiga toxins (stxs) produced by shigella dysenteriae 1 and escherichia coli have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bloody diarrhea, acute renal failure, and neurologic abnormalities. the pathologic hallmark of stx-mediated tissue damage is the development of vascular lesions in which endothelial cells are swollen and detached from underlying basement membranes. however, in vitro studies using human vascular endothelial cells demonstrated minimal stx-induced cytopathic effects, unless the ta ... | 1998 | 9657756 |
| [effect of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the bacterium shigella dysenteriae 1 and antigens isolated from them]. | 1998 | 9949513 | |
| construction and characterization of genetically-marked bivalent anti-shigella dysenteriae 1 and anti-shigella flexneri y live vaccine candidates. | bivalent vaccine candidates were developed against shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri, which are among the most frequent causative agents of shigellosis in developing countries. the rfp and rfb gene clusters, which code for s. dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigen biosynthesis, were inserted into an arsenite resistance minitransposon and randomly integrated into the attenuated s. flexneri arod serotype y strain sfl124. nine recombinant clones that efficiently expressed both homologous and h ... | 1997 | 9188091 |
| sensitization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to shiga toxin: involvement of protein kinase c and nf-kappab. | infection of humans with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella dysenteriae 1 is strongly associated with vascular endothelial cell damage and the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the cytotoxic effect of shiga toxins on vascular endothelial cells in vitro is enhanced by prior exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) or either of the host cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf) and interleukin-1beta (il-1). the purpose of this study was to examine individua ... | 1997 | 9234795 |
| multiple drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in rajbari district, bangladesh. | twenty-one shigellae isolates were obtained from bloody faecal specimens of diarrhoeal patients at rajbari district hospital from january 1994 to june 1995, and serogrouped. fourteen (67%) isolates belonged to the shigella dysenteriae serogroup and 7 (33%) to shigella flexneri serogroup. shigella dysenteriae strains were further serotyped; all were shigella dysenteriae 1. each strain was tested for resistance to 6 common antimicrobial agents. the two strains had different antibiotic susceptibili ... | 1997 | 9308296 |
| detection of non-culturable shigella dysenteriae 1 from artificially contaminated volunteers' fingers using fluorescent antibody and pcr techniques. | epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hands may be an important vehicle for transmission of shigellosis. the present study was carried out to find out the survival potential of shigella dysenteriae 1 on fingers of volunteers. finger surface was inoculated with 10(5) cfu of s. dysenteriae 1 and then the bacteria were detected using conventional culture, pcr and fluorescent antibody (fa) techniques after different time intervals. it was found that s. dysenteriae 1 survived for up to one h ... | 1997 | 9360343 |
| quantitative assessment of igg and iga subclass producing cells in rectal mucosa during shigellosis. | to assess quantitatively both the morphological changes in the rectal mucosa and the changes in the relative frequency of iga and igg subclass producing cells found in the rectal mucosa during the acute phase of shigellosis and at convalescence. | 1997 | 9378821 |
| isolation of a fluoroquinolone resistant shigella dysenteriae 1 strain from calcutta. | fourteen strains of shigella spp. were isolated from patients aged 5-12 yr, hospitalized with dysentery during 1995-1996. the strains isolated were shigella dysenteriae 1, s. flexneri and s.sonnei. all but one of the 14 strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. the mic of both the fluoroquinolones was 15 micrograms/ml for the resistant s.dysenteriae 1 strain (nrm4). therefore, the careful use of antimicrobials is required for therapy of shigellosis. | 1997 | 9439093 |
| in situ characterization of inflammatory responses in the rectal mucosae of patients with shigellosis. | shigella species cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invading epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa leading to colonic epithelial cell destruction and inflammation. for further analysis of local gut inflammation, morphological changes and the potential involvement of mediators in regulatory mechanisms of cell activation and cell proliferation were studied immunohistochemically in rectal mucosal biopsies taken from patients during the acute phase of shigellosis and at convalescence. rectal bi ... | 1997 | 9009337 |
| influence of different rol gene products on the chain length of shigella dysenteriae type 1 lipopolysaccharide o antigen expressed by shigella flexneri carrier strains. | introduction of the rol genes of shigella dysenteriae 1 and escherichia coli k-12 into shigella flexneri carrier strains expressing the heterologous s. dysenteriae type 1 lipopolysaccharide resulted in the formation of longer chains of s. dysenteriae 1 o antigen. in bacteria producing both homologous and heterologous o antigen, this resulted in a reduction of the masking of heterologous o antigen by homologous lipopolysaccharide and an increased immune response induced by intraperitoneal immuniz ... | 1997 | 9079931 |
| antibody mediated inhibition of adhesion of shigella dysenteriae 1 to guinea pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro. | immunoglobulin g (igg) fractions prepared from sera of shigella dysenteriae 1 infected patients during the acute and convalescent phases of illness were found to be effective inhibitors of adhesion of s. dysenteriae cells to guinea pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro. the adhesion could also be inhibited by whole sera, their igg fractions, and fab fractions prepared from sera of rabbits immunized with whole bacteria, the outer membrane (om) and lipopolysaccharide. the adhesive capability was b ... | 1996 | 9082146 |
| changes in the peripheral blood t-cell receptor v beta repertoire in vivo and in vitro during shigellosis. | a sequential activation of t cells in peripheral blood during shigello sis has been observer (d. islam, p.k. bradham, a. a. lindberg, and b. christensson, infect. immun 63:2941-2949, 1995). to further investigate the cellular response during the course of shigella infection, changes in the t-cell receptor (tcr) repertoire in the subsets in blood in patients during shigellosis was that shigella antigens may modulate the function of t cells carrying tcrs capable of recognizing shigella-specific ep ... | 1996 | 8606106 |
| shigella infections. | shigella dysentery is a major public-health problem in many tropical areas. despite improvements in water supplies and sanitation, it continues to be a disease of poor rural and urban communities and in populations affected by migration and crowding following disasters. pathogenesis is due to colonic invasion, endotoxin, and, in shigella dysenteriae 1, shiga toxin. as well as the local manifestations of dysentery, systemic complications include convulsions, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, hyponatra ... | 1996 | 8762400 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of potash alum. | this study reports the bactericidal activity of potash alum when added to water, against various epidemic causing enteric pathogens like vibrio cholerae 01, v. cholerae 0139 and shigella dysenteriae 1 by lowering the ph of water (from 6.0 to 4.0). growth of the enteric pathogens was monitored in vitro by inoculating broth cultures of the different organisms in distilled water containing increasing concentrations of potash alum and quantitatively determining the concentration of viable organisms ... | 1996 | 8783521 |
| towards a vaccine candidate against shigella dysenteriae 1: expression of the shiga toxin b-subunit in an attenuated shigella flexneri arod carrier strain. | shiga toxin is considered to be one of the main causes of severe side effects, such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome, of shigellosis. the genetic determinants for a fusion of its b-subunit (stxb), which mediates toxin binding to target cells, with the cooh-terminus of escherichia coli hemolysin a (stx'-'hlya) has been combined with the determinants of the accessory translocator proteins hlyb and hlyd in a notl cassette. this cassette has been integrated via a mini-transposon into a recombinant v ... | 1996 | 8905616 |
| lipopolysaccharide-specific antibodies in plasma and stools of children with shigella-associated leukemoid reaction and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. | antibody responses to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of shigellae were compared between children with uncomplicated and complicated shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. one hundred fifteen children between 12 and 60 months of age with s. dysenteriae 1 infection were studied. of these children, 42 had complications (leukemoid reaction and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome [complicated shigellosis] and 73 had no complications (uncomplicated shigellosis). antibodies to the lps of s. dysenteriae 1 and shigell ... | 1996 | 8914761 |
| serological identification of infection by verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli. | one hundred sera from patients with haemolytic ureamic syndrome were screened for antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli serogroup o5, o26, o115, o128, o145 and o153, and shigella dysenteriae 1. three sera contained antibodies to the lps of e. coli belonging to serogroup o5. | 1996 | 8987714 |
| alterations in lymphocyte phenotype and function in children with shigellosis who develop complications. | this study was designed to see whether alterations occur in peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotype and function in children with shigella dysenteriae 1 infection with complications (leukemoid reaction and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome) and whether there are any alterations prior to the development of complications. the following groups of children (ages, 12 to 60 months) were compared: children without any infection (n = 51), children with uncomplicated shigellosis (n = 65), children admitte ... | 1996 | 8991634 |
| emergence of nalidixic acid resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in thailand: an outbreak associated with consumption of a coconut milk dessert. | although shigella dysenteriae type 1 has been responsible for large outbreaks of severe dysentery in many parts of asia, relatively few cases of this disease have been reported from thailand and have generally not involved nalidixic acid resistant strains. | 1995 | 8824867 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to epidemic strains of vibrio cholerae and shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated in rwandan refugee camps in zaire]. | multiresistance or epidemic enteric bacteria to antibiotics greatly complicates treatment, and in some cases prophylaxis, of severe invasive gastroenteritis. during the summer of 1994, two epidemics of diarrhea, one due to vibrio cholerae and the other to shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated from the goma and bukavu camps was determined by measurement of the agar minimal inhibitory concentration. multiresistance to tetracyclins, aminopenicillins, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and nifuroxazide was obs ... | 1995 | 8830219 |
| [the chemical and immunochemical characteristics of the antigens of shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated by using hydroxylamine hydrochloride]. | 1995 | 8553750 | |
| [the immunomodulating activity of shigella dysenteriae 1 strains differing by their capacity for invasion and shiga toxin production]. | 1995 | 8553759 | |
| significance of the secreted form of ipac, a 45 kda protein of shigella dysenteriae 1, in the invasive process as determined by monoclonal antibodies. | invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac), a 45 kda plasmid encoded protein, is associated with the virulence of virulent shigella spp. in s. dysenteriae type 1 the 45 kda ipac protein is secreted to a greater extent into the surrounding medium in comparison to other shigella spp. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the secreted form of ipac protein were raised in this study. of the four secretory hybrid cells, one (3g4) was found to have a very high antibody titre as determined by elisa. the specificity of ... | 1995 | 7533114 |
| structural elucidation of the o-antigen lipopolysaccharide from two strains of plesiomonas shigelloides that share a type-specific antigen with shigella flexneri 6, and the common group 1 antigen with shigella flexneri spp and shigella dysenteriae 1. | sugar and methylation analyses of native polysaccharides together with one-dimensional 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy revealed that the two polysaccharides from strains 22074 and 12254 of plesiomonas shigelloides are identical. the structure of the polysaccharide from strain 22074 was deduced from a uronic acid degradation and by nmr spectroscopy where heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity and two-dimensional nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy experiments established the pentasaccharide rep ... | 1995 | 7544287 |
| shigella infection induces cellular activation of t and b cells and distinct species-related changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets during the course of the disease. | immunophenotypic changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes (t, b, and nk cells) in patients during shigellosis was characterized by using triple-color flow cytometry. eleven shigella dysenteriae 1-infected adult patients (sdip), 11 shigella flexneri-infected adult patients (sfip), 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from bangladesh (c-b), and 15 healthy volunteers from sweden (v-s) were studied. in sdip and sfip, a significant increase in the cd45ro+ cells in both cd4+ and cd8+ t cells were s ... | 1995 | 7622216 |
| immunoglobulin subclass distribution and dynamics of shigella-specific antibody responses in serum and stool samples in shigellosis. | to assess the humoral immunological responses at the subclass level in shigellosis, specific antibody responses against shigella dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide (lps), s. flexneri y lps, invasion plasmid-coded protein antigens (ipa), and shiga toxin were analyzed. antibody responses of 41 patients with s. dysenteriae 1 infection (sdip) and 15 patients with s. flexneri infection (sfip) were compared with those of controls (n = 40). the levels of total immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, igm, and albumi ... | 1995 | 7729920 |
| genes for tdp-rhamnose synthesis affect the pattern of lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity in escherichia coli k-12. | the rough lipopolysaccharide (lps) of commonly used strains of escherichia coli k-12 has two distinctly different band patterns when analyzed by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the lps of ancestral strains such as w1485f- consists primarily of a single broad gel band. in contrast, the lps of strains derived from strain y10 such as ab1133 or c600 gives three sharp gel bands. complementation studies using dna fragments from the rfb gene cluster of shigella dysenteriae 1 indicat ... | 1994 | 7517388 |
| structure of the o antigen of escherichia coli k-12 and the sequence of its rfb gene cluster. | escherichia coli k-12 has long been known not to produce an o antigen. we recently identified two independent mutations in different lineages of k-12 which had led to loss of o antigen synthesis (d. liu and p. r. reeves, microbiology 140:49-57, 1994) and constructed a strain with all rfb (o antigen) genes intact which synthesized a variant of o antigen o16, giving cross-reaction with anti-o17 antibody. we determined the structure of this o antigen to be -->2)-beta-d-galf-(1-->6)-alpha-d-glcp- (1 ... | 1994 | 7517391 |
| [the epidemiological characteristics of the spread of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery in the territories of the former ussr in recent years]. | on the basis of special data on the registered cases of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery on the territory of the former ussr the spread of this nosological form of shigella infections since 1980 until the present moment has been analyzed. as shown by this analysis, grigor'ev-shiga dysentery is not widely spread on the whole territory of the former ussr, the cases of this disease being mostly registered in namangan (the uzbek republic). the study has shown that the area of the circulation of shigella dy ... | 1994 | 8184610 |
| [vaccination against the enterobacteria responsible for enteric infections]. | development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ... | 1994 | 8210205 |
| shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: interleukin-1 beta enhancement of shiga toxin cytotoxicity toward human vascular endothelial cells in vitro. | development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) after infection by shigella dysenteriae 1 or enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli has been associated with the production of shiga toxins (verotoxins). the putative target of shiga toxins in hus is the renal microvascular endothelium. this report shows that preincubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) with interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) enhances the cytotoxic potency of shiga toxin toward huvec. a preincubation of huvec with il-1 be ... | 1993 | 8359910 |
| characterisation of plesiomonas shigelloides strains that share type-specific antigen with shigella flexneri 6 and common group 1 antigen with shigella flexneri spp. and shigella dysenteriae 1. | three strains of plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from patients with diarrhoea were agglutinated with shigella flexneri 6 antiserum in slide and tube tests. all the strains were also agglutinated with a monoclonal antibody to the common group 1 antigen shared between s. flexneri serotypes and s. dysenteriae type 1. further studies with one strain also showed sharing of antigenicity in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the results suggest that the strains share type-specific antigen with s. ... | 1993 | 8366520 |
| concentrations of interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor in serum and stools of children with shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | serum interleukin 6 (il-6) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) were measured in children with dysentery during an epidemic caused by shigella dysenteriae 1. il-6 and tnf were also measured in fresh stool filtrates from children with acute gastroenteritis. the median serum il-6 concentration was raised significantly in the children with complications (haemolytic uraemic syndrome, leukemoid reaction, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, and severe colitis lasting more than one week) during the first wee ... | 1993 | 8432472 |
| immune response against lipopolysaccharide and invasion plasmid-coded antigens of shigellae in vietnamese and swedish dysenteric patients. | the peripheral immune responses of adult vietnamese patients infected with shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri 1b and 2a and those of s. flexneri-infected swedish patients were studied against various lipopolysaccharide and invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa-s) and compared with the titers for the corresponding local healthy populations. both vietnamese and swedish patients reacted with significant (p, < 0.05) titer increases in the immunoglobulin a and g classes against the homologou ... | 1993 | 8432838 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent-antibody methods for detecting viable but nonculturable shigella dysenteriae type 1 in laboratory microcosms. | epidemiological studies of shigellosis in bangladesh have demonstrated that surface-water sources can act as foci of infection. studies of laboratory microcosms have shown that shigellae become nonculturable but remain viable when exposed to environmental samples of water. the present study was carried out to detect viable but nonculturable shigella dysenteriae 1 from laboratory microcosms by the polymerase chain reaction and the fluorescent-antibody techniques. s. dysenteriae 1 was inoculated i ... | 1993 | 8434918 |
| role of bacterial cytotoxins in hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. | bacterial cytotoxins, which are produced by shigella dysenteriae 1 and certain e. coli serotypes, kill mammalian cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. they have been related to hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, probably by initial insult to vascular endothelial cells. this insight opened new avenues of research and possible interventions. | 1993 | 8476235 |
| [vaccination against the enterobacteriaceae responsible for enteric infections]. | development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ... | 1993 | 8193944 |
| expression of shiga toxin b subunit at cell surface in e. coli k-12. | the three parts (stx17b, stx27b and stxb) of shiga toxin b subunit have been fused into a cell surface exposed loop of the lamb protein at a bamh i site between residues 153 and 154. western blotting revealed that the three parts of shiga toxin b subunit could be expressed as the lamb fusion proteins in e. coli. indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy analyses showed fusion proteins lamb/stx17b and lamb/stx27b could be expressed at cell surface in e. coli, but fusion protein la ... | 1993 | 8142024 |
| function of the rfb gene cluster and the rfe gene in the synthesis of o antigen by shigella dysenteriae 1. | a plasmid that included both an 8.9 kb chromosomal dna insert containing genes from the rfb cluster of shigella dysenteriae 1 and a smaller insert containing the rfp gene from a s. dysenteriae 1 multicopy plasmid resulted in efficient expression of o antigen in an rfb-deleted strain of escherichia coli k-12. eight genes were identified in the rfb fragment: the rfbb-cad cluster which encodes dtdp-rhamnose synthesis, rfbx which encodes a hydrophobic protein involved in assembly of the o antigen, r ... | 1993 | 7692219 |
| a 4-kilobase congo red binding plasmid dna fragment of shigella dysenteriae 1 suppresses the growth and cell differentiation in escherichia coli. | a 4-kilobase congo red binding plasmid dna fragment of pcat 120 of shigella dysenteriae 1 was transferred to an escherichia coli k12 strain by transformation. transformants were unable to grow in any liquid broth medium. electron microscopic studies revealed that the transformants grown on tryptic soy agar were associated in clusters after cell division. normal cell separation among the transformants in comparison with recipient e. coli k12 was only observed when the growth medium was supplement ... | 1992 | 1307443 |
| role of escherichia coli k-12 rfa genes and the rfp gene of shigella dysenteriae 1 in generation of lipopolysaccharide core heterogeneity and attachment of o antigen. | the rfp gene of shigella dysenteriae 1 and the rfa genes of escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella typhimurium lt2 have been studied to determine their relationship to lipopolysaccharide (lps) core heterogeneity and their role in the attachment of o antigen to lps. it has been inferred from the nucleotide sequence that the rfp gene encodes a protein of 41,864 da which has a structure similar to that of rfag protein. expression of this gene in e. coli k-12 results in the loss of one of the three ba ... | 1992 | 1385388 |
| identification of a b subunit gene promoter in the shiga toxin operon of shigella dysenteriae 1. | the shiga toxin operon (stx) is composed of a and b subunit genes which are transcribed as a bicistronic mrna from a promoter which lies 5' to the stxa gene. northern (rna) blot and primer extension analyses revealed the existence of a second stxb gene transcript. recombinant plasmids which carried the stxb gene without the stx operon promoter and with the influence of a vector promoter abrogated produced stx b polypeptides, suggesting that the stxb gene mrna was transcribed from an independent ... | 1992 | 1400202 |
| decreased food intake in children with severe dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | factors that affect food intake in acute shigellosis were studied in 82 children aged 24-59 months. children were offered an energy-dense milk-cereal-oil-based diet every 2 h. food intake was compared between children with shigella dysenteriae 1 infection and those infected with other shigella spp (predominantly s. flexneri). mean energy intake in the first 48 h was 435 kj/kg.d in children infected with s. dysenteriae 1 and 536 kj/kg.d in children infected with other shigella spp (p < 0.001). fe ... | 1992 | 1425537 |
| serological diagnosis of infection by shigella dysenteriae-1 in patients with bacillary dysentery. | a total of 192 samples of serum from 113 sri lankan patients with clinical dysentery was examined for antibodies of the igm class to the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of shigella dysenteriae-1 and escherichia coli o157:h7. by means of elisa and immunoblotting, 59 patients were found to have serum antibodies to the lps of s. dysenteriae-1 only. four samples from one patient were found to contain serum antibodies to the lpss of both s. dysenteriae-1 and e. coli o157:h7. antibodies to the lps of s. dy ... | 1992 | 1474263 |
| fluorescent antibody staining test for rapid diagnosis of shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test for rapid detection of shigella dysenteriae 1 in diarrheal stools was developed. a diagnosis could be made within 90 min of submission of specimens to the laboratory. on comparison with culture results, the test had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 93%, and positive and negative predictive values of 94% and 92%, respectively. | 1992 | 1611852 |
| antibodies to shiga holotoxin and to two synthetic peptides of the b subunit in sera of patients with shigella dysenteriae 1 dysentery. | acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 18 thai patients and convalescent-phase sera from two israeli patients and one bangladeshi patient with shigella dysenteriae 1 (shiga) dysentery were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies that bind s. dysenteriae lipopolysaccharide (lps), shiga holotoxin, or two synthetic peptides representing epitopes from the b subunit of shiga toxin. paired sera from 24 maryland adults with shigella flexneri 2a or shigella sonnei diarrhea serv ... | 1992 | 1629317 |
| construction of stable lamb-shiga toxin b subunit hybrids: analysis of expression in salmonella typhimurium aroa strains and stimulation of b subunit-specific mucosal and serum antibody responses. | the complete shiga toxin b subunit and two n-terminal segments of the b subunit have been inserted into a cell surface exposed loop of the lamb protein, and expression of the hybrid proteins from three different promoter systems, i.e., (i) an in vitro-inducible tac promoter that provides high-level expression, (ii) the iron-regulated aerobactin promoter presumably induced in vivo under the iron-limiting conditions of the intestinal mucosal environment, and (iii) a synthetic, modified beta-lactam ... | 1992 | 1639503 |
| gene transfer in enteric bacteria through the formation of r-prime plasmids by an rp4: :mini-mu element. | gene transfer in seven pathogenic enteric bacteria was studied using an rp4: :mini-mu element, the plasmid pulb113. from the e. coli k-12 host strain the plasmid could be efficiently transferred to these enteric bacteria, but its transfer back to e. coli k-12 was not as efficient, being detected only in shigella dysenteriae 1, s. flexneri and the 'smooth' variant of s. sonnei. in these three species, transposition of chromosomal fragments into the plasmid to produce r-prime plasmid was also dete ... | 1991 | 1661362 |
| prospective hospital based study on persistent diarrhoea. | a total of 383 children aged less than 5 years suffering from acute watery diarrhoea or dysentery were studied in hospital to determine the rate of persistent diarrhoea. altogether 335 (87.5%) recovered within 13 days. only in 48 (12.5%) did the diarrhoea continue for 14 days or more, and they were considered as having persistent diarrhoea. children aged between 7 and 18 months had a significantly increased incidence of persistent diarrhoea. children suffering from grade ii-iv malnutrition const ... | 1991 | 1855686 |
| haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children. | of the 4070 children admitted in the department of paediatrics, 830 (24%) presented with diarrhoea. eleven of these had haemolytic ureamic syndrome (hus) characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. only 3 had positive stool cultures (e. coli 2, shigella dysenteriae 1). two children expired while the rest recovered with conservative management and peritoneal dialysis. thus hus should be remembered as a complication of diarrhoea and a cause of ac ... | 1991 | 1861343 |
| endocytosis and intracellular transport of the glycolipid-binding ligand shiga toxin in polarized mdck cells. | the glycolipid-binding cytotoxin produced by shigella dysenteriae 1, shiga toxin, binds to mdck cells (strain 1) only after treatment with short-chain fatty acids like butyric acid or with the tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. the induced binding sites were found to be functional with respect to endocytosis and translocation of toxin to the cytosol. glycolipids that bind shiga toxin appeared at both the apical and the basolateral surface of polarized mdck cells grown on filter ... | 1991 | 1901867 |
| new trends in the use of al(oh)3-conjugated endotoxins and their subunits from the s- and r-forms of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1 for model vaccination purposes. | the lipopolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes and their lipids a, isolated from shigella dysenteriae 1, exhibited lethal toxicity (ld50 300-400 micrograms per mouse), pyrogenicity (0.01-1.0 microgram), activity in the limulus test (10(-3)-10(-12) mg ml-1) and produced a positive local shwartzman reaction. it was found that these substances bound to al(oh)3 were capable of successfully protecting mice from challenge with both homologous and heterologous infections (up to 90% of mi ... | 1991 | 1905447 |
| unusual association of a plasmid with nalidixic acid resistance in an epidemic strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1 from asia. | the association of a 20-mda plasmid with nalidixic acid resistant (nalr) strains of shigella dysenteriae 1 has been examined. the plasmid, which is readily transferable, does not itself code for nalidixic acid resistance but offers a survival advantage to its host under nalidixic acid stress. the plasmid-containing cultures of s. dynsenteriae 1 produced nalr mutants in vitro at a frequency 1000-fold higher than their plasmidless parent strains, after two exposures to nalidixic acid. using a simi ... | 1991 | 2021898 |
| efficacy of aqueous extract of garlic & allicin in experimental shigellosis in rabbits. | the aqueous extract of garlic (allium sativum) and allicin both showed significant in vitro antibacterial activity against isolates of multiple drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae 1, sh. flexneri y, sh. sonnei and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the aqueous extract and allicin against sh. flexneri y were 5 and 0.4 microliters/ml, respectively. the two agents also showed promising in vivo antibacterial activity against sh. flexneri y when tested in the r ... | 1991 | 2022399 |
| epidemiologic aspects of shigellosis and other causes of dysentery in thailand. | nearly 20% of children seen in the outpatient department of children's hospital in bangkok, thailand, for diarrheal disease had bloody diarrhea. shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli--isolated from 13% and 2% of children with diarrhea, respectively--were the most frequent causes of bloody diarrhea. campylobacter species and nontyphoidal salmonella species were also isolated frequently but were much less often associated with bloody diarrhea. shigella species were rarely isolated f ... | 1991 | 2047642 |
| digalactosyl-containing glycolipids as cell surface receptors for shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 and related cytotoxins of escherichia coli. | purified glycolipids containing galactose-alpha(1-4)galactose bind with shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 and shiga-like toxins of escherichia coli with high specificity in both thin-layer chromatograms and glycolipid-coated microtiter plates. these glycolipids appear to be the natural cell surface receptors for this class of bacterial toxins since artificial glycoconjugates block cytotoxicity as well as binding of 125i-labeled toxin. cell lines lacking these glycolipids are refractory to to ... | 1991 | 2047653 |
| [the drug resistance and dna plasmid profiles of shigella dysenteriae 1 in the ussr and abroad]. | the medicinal resistance and plasmid profiles of 62 s. dysenteriae strains 1, isolated in the ussr in 1986-1988 from soviet and foreign citizens (from afghanistan, vietnam) and 8 strains obtained from india in 1987 were studied. pronounced similarity between the phenotypes of medicinal, including conjugative, resistance in the strains of soviet and foreign origin was established. in the soviet s. dysenteriae strains 1 the presence of two main types of plasmid dna profiles (140, 6, 4, 2 md and 14 ... | 1990 | 2075761 |
| [the characteristics of the biological properties of shigella dysenteriae 1 circulating in the ussr and india: its biochemical activity and agglutinability]. | the properties of 71 s. dysenteriae 1 strains isolated from patients in the ussr and india in 1986-1988 were studied. the cultures possessed typical biochemical and serological properties. as revealed in this investigation, high fastidiousness of this infective agent to the quality of synthetic nutrient could become the cause of false negative reactions in different substrates used for the identification of enterobacteria, thus leading to diagnostic mistakes. the variability of the biochemical a ... | 1990 | 2097846 |
| construction and evaluation of live attenuated vaccine strains of shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1. | shigellosis is an invasive disease of the human colon which is particularly prevalent among children of the developing world. no proper vaccine is available to protect against this enteric disease. it is currently accepted that only live strains with attenuated virulence administered orally may elicit protective immunity at the level of the colonic mucosa, which is the exclusive site of multiplication of causative microorganisms such as shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1. we have const ... | 1990 | 2101481 |
| immunodetection of lipopolysaccharide in macrophages during the processing of non invasive shigella dysenteriae. | the location of lipopolysaccharide (lps) was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy in macrophages infected with a non-invasive shigella dysenteriae 1 strain. bacterial degradation began only 3 h after the end of infection. the first visible sign of degradation was detected by immunogold labelling at the level of lps which detached from the bacterial surface and was transferred to the perinuclear lysosomes. after a few hours, it was found in small vesicles spread over the wh ... | 1990 | 2129020 |
| trimethoprim resistance gene in shigella dysenteriae 1 isolates obtained from widely scattered locations of asia. | trimethoprim-resistance genes of shigella dysenteriae 1 strains, isolated from a different location of six different countries of asia over a 5-year period were characterized by using three different dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene probes. the trimethoprim-resistant (tmpr) strains hybridized only with the type i dhfr gene probe by colony hybridization. none of the strains hybridized with types ii and iii dhfr gene probes. southern blot experiments using plasmid dna extracted from these resis ... | 1990 | 2182327 |
| epidemiology of shigellosis in teknaf, a coastal area of bangladesh: a 10-year survey. | the epidemiological data on shigellosis in teknaf, a coastal area of bangladesh, were reviewed for a 10-year period (1975-84). certain similarities and differences were observed in the epidemiology of the disease in teknaf when compared with urban dhaka and rural matlab. similarities included: round-the-year infection with two peaks, one in the monsoon period and the other in the winter period; high male to female attendance ratio at the treatment centre; the predominance of infection in the und ... | 1990 | 2200700 |
| [a case of shigellosis due to shigella dysenteriae 1 which was thought to be infected in domestic area]. | a 43-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain on january 10, 1989. on laboratory examination s. dysenteriae 1 was isolated from his stool, therefore he was diagnosed as shigellosis. after the administration of ofloxacin was started, s. dysenteriae 1 was immediately eradicated. but his diarrhea persisted until the 19th day from the onset of the illness and his abdominal pain persisted until the 21st day. he had never been overseas and he had never ea ... | 1990 | 2205674 |
| immunolabelling of shiga toxin in macrophages infected with shigella dysenteriae 1. | immunolabelling of shiga toxin in macrophages infected with a non-invasive shigella dysenteriae 1 isolate showed that bacteria remained alive for 3 h after ingestion within the phagocytic vacuole and synthesized shiga toxin. the normal process of toxin secretion was, however, impaired by the phagosomal environment and toxin molecules accumulated within the bacterial cytoplasm. | 1990 | 2218059 |
| differentiation of shiga toxin and vero cytotoxin type 1 genes by polymerase chain reaction. | two sets of synthetic oligonucleotide primers were used in a polymerase chain reaction technique to distinguish genes for shiga toxin in shigella dysenteriae 1 and type 1 vero cytotoxin (vt1) in escherichia coli. vt1a and vt1b primers directed at a common 130-base-pair (bp) fragment of the stx and slti genes detected template nucleic acid in both shiga toxin-positive s. dysenteriae 1 and vt1-producing e. coli strains. vt1c and vt1d primers, targeting a 140-bp fragment of the promoter region of t ... | 1990 | 2230244 |
| a method for detecting shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin-i in pure and mixed culture. | shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins (slts, syn. verotoxins) are currently detected by tissue culture assays that are expensive, time-consuming and require specialised facilities and experienced personnel. we have developed a rapid method to detect shiga toxin and slt-i (verotoxin 1) based on their binding to globotriosyl ceramide (gb3). bound toxin was then detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with monoclonal antibodies. the direct detection of cytotoxins from pure culture plat ... | 1990 | 2391709 |
| endocytosis from coated pits of shiga toxin: a glycolipid-binding protein from shigella dysenteriae 1. | evidence is presented that endocytosis is involved in the transport to the cytosol of the cytotoxin from shigella dysenteriae 1, shiga toxin, which acts by removal of a single adenine residue in 28-s ribosomal rna. inhibition of endocytosis by atp depletion of the cells prevented toxin uptake. exposure of hela s3 and vero cells to toxin at low extracellular ph, where translocation to the cytosol, but not endocytosis is inhibited, allowed the toxin to accumulate in a compartment where it was prot ... | 1989 | 2564398 |
| causes of death and the histopathologic findings in fatal shigellosis. | thirty-seven children (median age, 2 years) with shigellosis in bangladesh were subjected to postmortem examination to determine causes of death and the spectrum of intestinal histopathology. infecting species were: shigella dysenteriae 1, 7 cases; s. dysenteriae 2, 2 cases; shigella flexneri, 23 cases; shigella boydii, 4 cases; and mixed infection with shigella boydii and shigella sonnei, 1 case. complicating conditions detected before death included malnutrition in 25 cases, pneumonia in 11 ca ... | 1989 | 2594452 |