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identification of the alarm pheromone of cowpea aphid, and comparison with two other aphididae species.in response to a predator attack, many aphidinae species release an alarm pheromone, which induces dispersal behavior in other individuals within the colony. the major component of this pheromone is the sesquiterpene (e)-β-farnesene (eβf), but variations occur between aphid species. in the present work, we collected, identified, and quantified the alarm pheromone of aphis craccivora koch (hemiptera: aphididae), before quantifying the escape behavior induced in the neighboring individuals. we com ...201829301046
next-generation sequencing reveals the first complete genome sequence of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus from uganda.we present here the first complete genome sequence of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) isolated from cowpea in uganda and compare it with five cabmv complete genome sequences from brazil (2), india (2), and zimbabwe (1). it most resembled the genomes of two brazilian isolates (mg-avr and br1) and one indian isolate (rr3).201829348353
endosymbionts differentially alter exploratory probing behavior of a nonpersistent plant virus vector.insect endosymbionts (hereafter, symbionts) can modify plant virus epidemiology by changing the physiology or behavior of vectors, but their role in nonpersistent virus pathosystems remains uninvestigated. unlike propagative and circulative viruses, nonpersistent plant virus transmission occurs via transient contamination of mouthparts, making direct interaction between symbiont and virus unlikely. nonpersistent virus transmission occurs during exploratory intracellular punctures with styletifor ...201729290035
social transmission of information about a mutualist via trophallaxis in ant colonies.partner discrimination is crucial in mutualistic interactions between organisms to counteract cheating by the partner. trophobiosis between ants and aphids is a model system of such mutualistic interaction. to establish and maintain the mutualistic association, ants need to correctly discriminate mutualistic aphids. however, the mechanism by which ants recognize aphids as their partners is poorly understood, despite its ecological and evolutionary importance. here, we show for the first time the ...201728855369
a window of opportunity: subdominant predators can use suboptimal prey.introduced species have been linked to declines of native species through mechanisms including intraguild predation and exploitative competition. however, coexistence among species may be promoted by niche partitioning if native species can use resources that the invasive species cannot. previous research has shown that some strains of the aphid aphis craccivora are toxic to a competitively dominant invasive lady beetle, harmonia axyridis. our objective was to investigate whether these aphids mi ...201728770065
genetic structure of the aphis craccivora (hemiptera: aphididae) from thailand inferred from mitochondrial coi gene sequence.the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch (hemiptera: aphididae), is one of the most destructive insect pests of legume plants worldwide. although outbreaks of this pest occur annually in thailand causing heavy damage, its genetic structure and demographic history are poorly understood. in order to determine genetic structure and genetic relationship of the geographic populations of this species, we examined sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene of 51 individuals col ...201728973491
establishing alighting preferences and species transmission differences for pea seed-borne mosaic virus aphid vectors.pea seed-borne mosaic virus (psbmv) infection causes a serious disease of field pea (pisum sativum) crops worldwide. the psbmv transmission efficiencies of five aphid species previously found landing in south-west australian pea crops in which psbmv was spreading were studied. with plants of susceptible pea cv. kaspa, the transmission efficiencies of aphis craccivora, myzus persicae, acyrthosiphon kondoi and rhopalosiphum padi were 27%, 26%, 6% and 3%, respectively. lipaphis erysimi did not tran ...201728408208
nostoc calcicola extract improved the antioxidative response of soybean to cowpea aphid.soybean (glycine max (l.) merr. cv. "nam dan") is one of the most valuable crops in agricultural production in nghe an province (vietnam). our previous study revealed that extract of the cyanobacterium strain nostoc calcicola hn9 expressed positive effect on growth and development, and raised soybean productivity (tran et al. in proceeding of vietnam national conference of research on biology, da nang, 2016). we hypothesized that n. calcicola hn9 would improve the defense responses of g. max cv. ...201729185129
improving the artificial diet for adult of seven spotted ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera: coccinellidae) with orthogonal design.in this study, an orthogonal array design with 16 factors at two levels (216) was performed to develop an artificial diet rearing the adults of seven spotted ladybird beetle coccinella septempunctata. the parameters of weight gain and survival rate of adults, preoviposition period, fecundity and hatching rate of diet-fed adults were monitored. the 16 factors were included: pork liver, infant formula, sucrose, olive oil, yolk, corn oil, yeast powder, cholesterol, casein, casein hydrolysate, vitam ...201728925339
ant-mediated indirect negative effects of aphids on spider mites living on the same plant.some aphid species are known to have mutualistic relationships with tending ants; that is, the aphids supply the ants with honeydew and are protected by the ants. although spider mites and honeydew-producing aphids often live on the same host plant, it has not previously been determined whether the ants tending these aphids affect spider mite survival. using replicated microcosms, each containing an artificial ant nest, we compared experimentally the survival of two-spotted spider mites on kidne ...201728509945
tetramorium tsushimae ants use methyl branched hydrocarbons of aphids for partner recognition.in mutualisms, partner discrimination is often the most important challenge for interacting organisms. the interaction between ants and aphids is a model system for studying mutualisms; ants are provided with honeydew by aphids and, in turn, the ants offer beneficial services to the aphids. to establish and maintain this system, ants must discriminate mutualistic aphid species correctly. although recent studies have shown that ants recognize aphids as mutualistic partners based on their cuticula ...201728980108
capulavirus and grablovirus: two new genera in the family geminiviridae.geminiviruses are plant-infecting single-stranded dna viruses that occur in most parts of the world. currently, there are seven genera within the family geminiviridae (becurtovirus, begomovirus, curtovirus, eragrovirus, mastrevirus, topocuvirus and turncurtovirus). the rate of discovery of new geminiviruses has increased significantly over the last decade as a result of new molecular tools and approaches (rolling-circle amplification and deep sequencing) that allow for high-throughput workflows. ...201728213872
genetic mapping and legume synteny of aphid resistance in african cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) grown in california.the cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch (cpa) is a destructive insect pest of cowpea, a staple legume crop in sub-saharan africa and other semiarid warm tropics and subtropics. in california, cpa causes damage on all local cultivars from early vegetative to pod development growth stages. sources of cpa resistance are available in african cowpea germplasm. however, their utilization in breeding is limited by the lack of information on inheritance, genomic location and marker linkage associations o ...201725620880
synthesis and bioactivities of novel pyrazole oxime derivatives containing a 1,2,3-thiadiazole moiety.a series of new pyrazole oxime compounds bearing a 1,2,3-thiadiazole ring were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their insecticidal, acaricidal and antitumor activities. bioassays demonstrated that some title compounds displayed satisfactory insecticidal and acaricidal properties. especially, compounds 8d and 8h exhibited 90% insecticidal activities against aphis craccivora at the concentration of 100μg/ml. interestingly, some of the target compounds possessed significant antitumor activi ...201627503679
identification of aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) species of economic importance in kenya using dna barcodes and pcr-rflp-based approach.aphids are among pests of economic importance throughout the world. together with transmitting plant viruses, aphids are capable of inflicting severe crop production losses. they also excrete honeydew that favours the growth of sooty mold which reduces the quality of vegetables and fruits and hence their market values. rapid and accurate identification of aphids to the species level is a critical component in effective pest management and plant quarantine systems. even though morphological taxon ...201626490301
all 37 mitochondrial genes of aphid aphis craccivora obtained from transcriptome sequencing: implications for the evolution of aphids.the availability of mitochondrial genome data for aphididae, one of the economically important insect pest families, in public databases is limited. the advent of next generation sequencing technology provides the potential to generate mitochondrial genome data for many species timely and cost-effectively. in this report, we used transcriptome sequencing technology to determine all the 37 mitochondrial genes of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora. this method avoids the necessity of finding suita ...201627314587
synthesis and bioactivities of novel pyrazole oxime derivatives containing a 5-trifluoromethylpyridyl moiety.in this study, in order to find novel biologically active pyrazole oxime compounds, a series of pyrazole oxime derivatives containing a 5-trifluoromethylpyridyl moiety were synthesized. preliminary bioassays indicated that most title compounds were found to display good to excellent acaricidal activity against tetranychus cinnabarinus at a concentration of 200 μg/ml, and some designed compounds still showed excellent acaricidal activity against tetranychus cinnabarinus at the concentration of 10 ...201626927054
slow and fast development in two aphidophagous ladybirds on scarce and abundant prey supply.developmental rates are highly variable, both within and between genotypes and populations. but the rationale for two differential (slow and fast) developmental rates within same cohort under varying prey supply has yet not been explored. for this purpose, we investigated the effect of scarce and abundant prey supply on slow and fast development at 27°c in two aphidophagous ladybirds, menochilus sexmaculatus (fabricius) and propylea dissecta (mulsant) and its effect on their body mass and reprod ...201626898500
additive effects on the improvement of insecticidal activity: design, synthesis, and insecticidal activity of novel pymetrozine derivatives.a series of new pymetrozine analogues containing both methyl on the imine carbon and phenoxy group at the pyridine ring were designed and synthesized. their insecticidal activities against bean aphid (aphis craccivora), mosquito larvae (culex pipiens pallens), cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera), corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) and oriental armyworm (mythimna separata) were evaluated. the results of bioassays indicated that most of the target compounds showed good insecticidal activity agains ...201626342545
how active ingredient localisation in plant tissues determines the targeted pest spectrum of different chemistries.the efficacies of four commercial insecticides and of two research compounds were tested against aphids (aphis craccivora and myzus persicae), whiteflies (bemisia tabaci) and red-spotted spider mites (tetranychus urticae) in intrinsic (oral administration), curative (direct contact spray) and translaminar (arthropods infested on untreated leaf underside) assays. with a new translaminar model, the transport across the leaf cuticle and tissues and the electrochemical distribution of test compounds ...201626112169
metagenomic-based screening and molecular characterization of cowpea-infecting viruses in burkina faso.cowpea, (vigna unguiculata l. (walp)) is an annual tropical grain legume. often referred to as "poor man's meat", cowpea is one of the most important subsistence legumes cultivated in west africa due to the high protein content of its seeds. however, african cowpea production can be seriously constrained by viral diseases that reduce yields. while twelve cowpea-infecting viruses have been reported from africa, only three of these have so-far been reported from burkina faso. here we use a virion- ...201627764211
synthesis, biological activities and structure-activity relationships for new avermectin analogues.in an effort to discover new molecules with good insecticidal activities, more than 40 new avermectin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities against three species of arachnids, insects and nematodes, namely, tetranychus cinnabarinus, aphis craccivora and bursaphelenchus xylophilus. all the tested compounds showed potent inhibitory activities against three insect species. notably, the majority of compounds exhibited high selectivity against t. cinnabarinus, som ...201627318119
effect of photoperiod on slow and fast developing individuals in aphidophagous ladybirds, menochilus sexmaculatus and propylea dissecta (coleoptera: coccinellidae).the effects of environmental parameters on insect development have been studied extensively. but the reasons for 2 differential developmental rates within same cohort under varying environmental factors have not been explored. for the purpose, in this study the existence and stability of slow and fast development under 5 photoperiods (i.e., 8l: 16d, 10l : 14d, 12l : 12d, 14l : 10d and 16l : 8d; light and dark hours per day) and its effect on body mass and reproductive attributes in 2 aphidophago ...201625382458
differential induction of flavonoids in groundnut in response to helicoverpa armigera and aphis craccivora infestation.flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites, which protect plants from various stresses, including herbivory. plants differentially respond to insects with different modes of action. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) fingerprinting of phenols of groundnut (arachis hypogaea) plants with differential levels of resistance was carried out in response to helicoverpa armigera (chewing insect) and aphis craccivora (sucking pest) infestation. the genotypes used were icgv 86699, icgv ...201627398031
synthesis and biological activities of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole-containing pyrazole oxime derivatives.a new library of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-containing pyrazole oximes was designed and synthesized. their acaricidal and insecticidal activities were evaluated. bioassay results indicated that some target compounds exhibited good acaricidal and insecticidal properties. especially, compound 8m had 80% acaricidal activity against tetranychus cinnabarinus at the concentration of 50μg/ml, compound 8f displayed 100% insecticidal activities against aphis craccivora at the concentration of 50μg/ml, compounds 8 ...201627324978
relationships between aphids (insecta: homoptera: aphididae) and slugs (gastropoda: stylommatophora: agriolimacidae) pests of legumes (fabaceae: lupinus).lupin plants are frequently damaged by various herbivorous invertebrates. significant among these are slugs and aphids, which sometimes attack the same plants. relationships between aphids, slugs and food plant are very interesting. grazing by these pests on young plants can lead to significant yield losses. there is evidence that the alkaloids present in some lupin plants may reduce grazing by slugs, aphids and other invertebrates. in laboratory study was analyzed the relationships between aphi ...201627324580
design, synthesis and bioactivities of novel dichloro-allyloxy-phenol-containing pyrazole oxime derivatives.in this study, in order to find novel biologically active pyrazole oxime compounds, a number of dichloro-allyloxy-phenol-containing pyrazole oximes were designed and synthesized according to the method of active group combination. all of the target compounds were confirmed by ¹h-nmr, (13)c-nmr and elemental analysis. in addition, bioassays showed that all of the newly synthesized compounds had no acaricidal activity against tetranychus cinnabarinus and low insecticidal activity against aphis cra ...201526670221
triterpenoid saponins from clematis graveolens and evaluation of their insecticidal activities.a new hederagenin based triterpenoid saponin, clematograveolenoside a (1), along with three known saponins, tomentoside a (2), huzhangoside d (3) and clematoside s (4), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of clematis graveolens. the structure of new compound was elucidated on the basis of detailed analysis of chemical and spectroscopic data including 1d- and 2d nmr spectra. compound 2 was found the most effective against aphid (aphis craccivora) with an lc50 of 1.2 and 0.5 mg/ml after trea ...201526594749
circulative nonpropagative aphid transmission of nanoviruses: an oversimplified view.plant virus species of the family nanoviridae have segmented genomes with the highest known number of segments encapsidated individually. they thus likely represent the most extreme case of the so-called multipartite, or multicomponent, viruses. all species of the family are believed to be transmitted in a circulative nonpropagative manner by aphid vectors, meaning that the virus simply crosses cellular barriers within the aphid body, from the gut to the salivary glands, without replicating or e ...201526178991
additive interactions of unrelated viruses in mixed infections of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp).this study was carried out to determine the effects of single infections and co-infections of three unrelated viruses on three cowpea cultivars (one commercial cowpea cultivar "white" and 2 iita lines; it81d-985 and tvu 76). the plants were inoculated with cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), genus potyvirus, cowpea mottle virus (cmev), genus carmovirus and southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv), genus sobemovirus singly and in mixture (double and triple) at 10, 20, and 30 days after planting (da ...201526483824
survey of aphid population in a yellow passion fruit crop and its relationship on the spread cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in a subtropical region of brazil.passion fruit woodiness may be caused by cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) and is currently the major passion fruit disease in brazil. to assess the virus-vector-host interactions, a newly introduced golden passion fruit plantation located in eastern region of são paulo state, brazil, was monitored.201526413443
differential life history trait associations of aphids with nonpersistent viruses in cucurbits.the diversity of vectors and fleeting nature of virus acquisition and transmission renders nonpersistent viruses a challenge to manage. we assessed the importance of noncolonizing versus colonizing vectors with a 2-yr survey of aphids and nonpersistent viruses on commercial pumpkin farms. we quantified aphid alightment using pan traps, while testing leaf samples with multiplex rt-pcr targeting cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv), watermelon mosaic virus (wmv), and pa ...201526313961
analysis of genome comparison of two indian isolates of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus from india.the complete sequence of two cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) isolates (rr3 and rr4) from india was determined. phylogenetic analysis showed that both isolates showed different closeness with other isolates of cabmv. cabmv-rr3 showed maximum identity of 99 % with cabmv-br1 from brazil at nucleotide and protein levels, whereas cabmv-rr4 showed identity of 73 and 95 % with cabmv-z isolate from zimbabwe at nucleotide and protein levels respectively. similarity identity matrix revealed 69 % i ...201526184969
ants learn aphid species as mutualistic partners: is the learning behavior species-specific?in ant-aphid associations, many aphid species provide ants with honeydew and are tended by ants, whereas others are never tended and are frequently preyed upon by ants. in these relationships, ants must have the ability to discriminate among aphid species, with mutualistic aphids being accepted as partners rather than prey. although ants reportedly use cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of aphids to differentiate between mutualistic and non-mutualistic species, it is unclear whether the ability to re ...201526590597
parasitic wasps aphidius ervi are more attracted to a blend of host-induced plant volatiles than to the independent compounds.arthropodal natural enemies respond to volatiles from plants infested by their prey/host herbivores (herbivore-induced plant volatiles; hipvs). however, the relative importance of hipv blends vs. each compound in the blend in attracting natural enemies is not fully understood. in this study, we investigated the response of a parasitic wasp, aphidius ervi, to hipvs that were specific or nonspecific to infestations by its host aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. to select such compounds, we compared the v ...201526302986
resource partitioning in a ladybird, menochilus sexmaculatus: function of body size and prey density.in the present study, resource partitioning by natural conspecific size variants (small and large) of ladybird, menochilus sexmaculatus (fabricius) females, in response to varying prey densities was assessed using functional and numerical responses as measures of prey density. the prey provided was small (second) and large (fourth) instars of aphis craccivora koch. results revealed that under choice condition, small and large females of m. sexmaculatus consumed higher number of small and large i ...201525467186
alfalfa leaf curl virus: an aphid-transmitted geminivirus.the family geminiviridae comprises seven genera differentiated by genome organization, sequence similarity, and insect vector. capulavirus, an eighth genus, has been proposed to accommodate two newly discovered highly divergent geminiviruses that presently have no known vector. alfalfa leaf curl virus, identified here as a third capulavirus, is shown to be transmitted by aphis craccivora. this is the first report of an aphid-transmitted geminivirus.201526109720
temperature and development impacts on housekeeping gene expression in cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora (hemiptera: aphidiae).quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) is a powerful technique to quantify gene expression. to standardize gene expression studies and obtain more accurate qrt-pcr analysis, normalization relative to consistently expressed housekeeping genes (hkgs) is required. in this study, ten candidate hkgs including elongation factor 1 α (ef1a), ribosomal protein l11 (rpl11), ribosomal protein l14 (rpl14), ribosomal protein s8 (rps8), ribosomal protein s23 (rps23), nadh-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (nadh), vacuo ...201526090683
tetrahydroindeno[1',2':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-5(1h)-ones as novel neonicotinoid insecticides: reaction selectivity and substituent effects on the activity level.tetraheterocyclic tetrahydroindeno[1',2':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-5(1h)-one derivatives as novel neonicotinoid candidates were designed and prepared by selective etherification, chlorination and esterification of ninhydrin-heterocyclic ketene aminals adducts. some of the designed compounds showed excellent insecticidal activity against cowpea aphids (aphis craccivora), brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens), and armyworm (mythimna separata). in particular, the activity against armyworm (mythim ...201525611859
peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in moderate resistant and susceptible vicia faba induced by aphis craccivora (hemiptera: aphididae) infestation.two faba bean, vicia faba l., cultivars, gazira2 and misr1, representing cultivars moderately resistant and susceptible to aphids, were analyzed for peroxidase (pod) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activities induced by cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. infestation. two tissue types (whole plant [wp] and detached leaf [dl]), two infestation status (infested and uninfested), and three aphid infestation durations (1, 3, and 5 d) were considered in pod and ppo data analysis. factorial analysis show ...201425480978
biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) on faba bean (vicia faba) cultivars.the performance of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. (hemiptera: aphididae), on five faba bean, vicia faba l. (fabales: fabaceae) cultivars was evaluated. colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure the cowpea aphid performance. two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. after 14 d , the number of apterous adult, nymphs, and total cowpea aphids were significantly lower in cultivar gazira2 and highest on cultivar misr1. assum ...201425368064
seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoids: synthesis, crystal structure, insecticidal assay, and molecular docking studies.to study the influence of the ring sizes, 37 novel seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoid analogues were synthesized by reactions of nitromethylene analogues, succinaldehyde, and aniline hydrochlorides. most of the title compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than that of imidacloprid (imi), cycloxaprid (cyc), and eight-membered compounds against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora), armyworm (pseudaletia separata walker), and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens), which indicated that ...201425347284
impact of imidacloprid on life-cycle development of coccinella septempunctata in laboratory microcosms.long-term effects of a single application of imidacloprid on ladybird beetle, coccinella septempunctata l., were studied in indoor laboratory microcosms, starting with the 2nd instar larvae of c. septempunctata but covering the full life cycle. the microcosms comprised enclosures containing a pot with soil planted with broad bean plants and black bean aphid, aphis craccivora koch, as food. exposure doses (0.85-13.66g a.i. ha(-1)) in the long-term microcosm experiment were based on a preliminary ...201425240465
pyridine derivatives as insecticides. part 1: synthesis and toxicity of some pyridine derivatives against cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch (homoptera: aphididae).five pyridine derivatives, namely, n-morpholinium 7,7-dimethyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-nitrophenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2-thiolate (1), sodium 5-acetyl-3-amino-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylthieno[2,3-b] pyridine-2-carboxylate (2), piperidinium 3,5-dicyano-2-oxo-4-spirocyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-6-thiolate (3), piperidinium 5-acetyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylpyridine-2-thiolate (4), and piperidinium 5-acetyl-4-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-6-methyl-pyridine-2-thiolate ( ...201425226271
evaluation of etoxazole against insects and acari in vegetables in china.etoxazole, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole, an organofluorine chitin synthesis inhibitor, was assayed for its bioactivities against several major insect and acarus pests and compared to several other pesticides: two chitin synthesis inhibitors, hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuron; a pyrethroid, permethrin; an organophosphate, acephate; a carboximide, hexythiazox; and a tetrazine, clofentezine. the lc50 of etoxazole was calculated using probit analys ...201425199415
do aphid carcasses on the backs of larvae of green lacewing work as chemical mimicry against aphid-tending ants?ants attack and exclude natural enemies of aphids in ant-aphid mutualisms. however, larvae of the green lacewing, mallada desjardinsi, prey on the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, without exclusion by aphid-tending ants. lacewing larvae are protected from ants by carrying aphid carcasses on their backs. here, we tested whether cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of aphid carcasses affected the aggressiveness of aphid-tending ants. aphid carcasses were washed with n-hexane to remove lipids. lacewing lar ...201424894158
design, synthesis, crystal structure, insecticidal activity, molecular docking, and qsar studies of novel n3-substituted imidacloprid derivatives.three novel series of n3-substituted imidacloprid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structures were identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral ((1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, ms, elemental analysis, and x-ray) data. preliminary bioassays indicated that all of the derivatives exhibited significant insecticidal activities against aphis craccivora, with lc50 values ranging from 0.00895 to 0.49947 mmol/l, and the insecticidal activities of some of them were comparable t ...201424834971
design, synthesis, crystal structures, and insecticidal activities of eight-membered azabridge neonicotinoid analogues.three series of novel azabridge neonicotinoid analogues were designed and synthesized, which were constructed by starting material a, glutaraldehyde, and primary amine hydrochlorides (aliphatic amines, phenylhydrazines, and anilines). most of the eight-membered azabridge compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than oxabridged compound b against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens). compared with imidacloprid, some azabridged compounds exhibited ex ...201424364696
wild tomato leaf extracts for spider mite and cowpea aphid control.glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, l. hirsutum f. hirsutum mull, also known as solanum habrochaites (solanaceae), synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (mks). l. hirsutum accession la 407, having high concentration of mks, was grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. four mks (2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-pentadecanone) were screened for their toxicity to spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch and cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch. the ...201424813988
natural occurrence of entomophthoroid fungi of aphid pests on medicago sativa l. in argentina.four species of entomophthoroid fungi, pandora neoaphidis (entomophthorales: entomophthoraceae), zoophthora radicans (entomophthorales: entomophthoraceae), entomophthora planchoniana (entomophthorales: entomophthoraceae) and neozygites fresenii (neozygitales: neozygitaceae) were found to infect aphis craccivora, therioaphis trifolii, and acyrthosiphon pisum and unidentified species of acyrthosiphon on lucerne in argentina. samples were collected from five sites (ceres, rafaela, sarmiento, monte ...201424721275
worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts.facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. however, relatively little is known about how symbiont diversity is structured in most aphid species. here, we investigate facultative symbiont species richness and ...201424233285
evaluation of etoxazole against insects and acari in vegetables in china.etoxazole, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dihydrooxazole, an organofluorine chitin synthesis inhibitor, was assayed for its bioactivities against several major insect and acarus pests and compared to several other pesticides: two chitin synthesis inhibitors, hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuron; a pyrethroid, permethrin; an organophosphate, acephate; a carboximide, hexythiazox; and a tetrazine, clofentezine. the lc50 of etoxazole was calculated using probit analys ...201425373230
mechanisms relevant to the enhanced virulence of a dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin metabolically engineered entomopathogen.the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma05-169 is a transformant strain that has been metabolically engineered to express dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin biosynthesis genes. in contrast to the wild type strain, the transformant displays a greater resistance to environmental stress and a higher virulence toward target insect host. however, the underlying mechanisms for these characteristics remain unclear; hence experiments were initiated to explore the possible mechanism(s) through phy ...201424662974
degradation of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid via the n-carbamoylimine derivate (im-1-2) mediated by the nitrile hydratase of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium ensifer meliloti cgmcc 7333.the metabolism of the widely used neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid (ace) has been extensively studied in plants, animals, soils, and microbes. however, hydration of the n-cyanoimine group in ace to the n-carbamoylimine derivate (im-1-2) by purified microbes, the enzyme responsible for this biotransformation, and further degradation of im-1-2 have not been studied. the present study used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine that the ...201425285354
factors limiting the spread of the protective symbiont hamiltonella defensa in aphis craccivora aphids.many insects are associated with heritable symbionts that mediate ecological interactions, including host protection against natural enemies. the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, is a polyphagous pest that harbors hamiltonella defensa, which defends against parasitic wasps. despite this protective benefit, this symbiont occurs only at intermediate frequencies in field populations. to identify factors constraining h. defensa invasion in ap. craccivora, we estimated symbiont transmission rates, per ...201425015890
development of reference transcriptomes for the major field insect pests of cowpea: a toolbox for insect pest management approaches in west africa.cowpea is a widely cultivated and major nutritional source of protein for many people that live in west africa. annual yields and longevity of grain storage is greatly reduced by feeding damage caused by a complex of insect pests that include the pod sucking bugs, anoplocnemis curvipes fabricius (hemiptera: coreidae) and clavigralla tomentosicollis stål (hemiptera: coreidae); as well as phloem-feeding cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch (hemiptera: aphididae) and flower thrips, megalurothrips s ...201324278221
identification of novel resistance gene sources to cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora koch) in cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.).the development of cowpea aphid larvae was monitored on seven cowpea genotypes (iar-48, tvu-15866, it84s-2246-4, saka babba sata, it90k-76, kanannado and tvx 3236). the aim of the study was to determine the developmental response of the larvae as an indication of antibiotic resistance of the genotypes. highly significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed with respect to fertility, larval development, adult longevity, life span, multiplication rate and intrinsic rate of increase. kanannado and ...201324506004
synthesis and biological evaluation of nitromethylene neonicotinoids based on the enhanced conjugation.the neonicotinoids with a nitroconjugated system had excellent bioactivity, which could rival imidacloprid, and has been previously reported. however, the photodegradation and hydrolysis of this series of neonicotinoids was very quick according to our further investigation, which cannot be developed as a pesticide further. the approach to further enhance the conjugation was tried not only to increase the bioactivities but also to improve the stability in water and in the sun. a substituted pheny ...201324180522
design, synthesis, and insecticidal evaluation of new pyrazole derivatives containing imine, oxime ether, oxime ester, and dihydroisoxazoline groups based on the inhibitor binding pocket of respiratory complex i.on the basis of complex i receptor protein binding site and commercial tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, four series of novel pyrazole-5-carboxamides containing imine, oxime ether, oxime ester, and dihydroisoxazoline were designed and synthesized via the key intermediate 4-chloro-3-ethyl-n-(4-formylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxamide. the structures of target compounds were confirmed by ¹h nmr and high-resolution mass spectrum (hrms). the results of bioassays indicated that the target compoun ...201323972278
effect of warming with temperature oscillations on a low-latitude aphid, aphis craccivora.to estimate the net effect of climate change on natural populations, we must take into account the positive and negative effects of temperature oscillations and climate variability. warming because of climate change will likely exceed the physiological optima of tropical insects, which currently live very close to their thermal optima. tropical insects will be negatively affected if their optima are exceeded otherwise warming may affect them positively. we evaluate the demographic responses of t ...201323448233
pyrrole- and dihydropyrrole-fused neonicotinoids: design, synthesis, and insecticidal evaluation.versatile pyrrole- and dihydropyrrole-fused neonicotinoids were obtained from cyclic and non-cyclic nitroeneamines. anhydrous aluminum chloride (alcl₃) exhibited high catalytic selectivity for the synthesis of the titled etherified compounds at room temperature and the eliminated products under reflux conditions. the target molecules have been identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral [¹h and ¹³c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrms), an ...201323256728
design, synthesis, and insecticidal activity of novel pyrazole derivatives containing α-hydroxymethyl-n-benzyl carboxamide, α-chloromethyl-n-benzyl carboxamide, and 4,5-dihydrooxazole moieties.on the basis of commercial insecticides tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, two series of novel pyrazole-5-carboxamides containing α-hydroxymethyl-n-benzyl or α-chloromethyl-n-benzyl and pyrazoles containing 4,5-dihydrooxazole moieties were designed and synthesized via the key intermediate 2-amino-1-(4-substituted) phenyl ethanol. the structures of target compounds were confirmed by (1)h nmr and elemental analysis or high-resolution mass spectrum (hrms), and their activities against cotton bollworm (h ...201222304385
quantification of canavanine, 2-aminoethanol, and cyanamide in aphis craccivora and its host plants, robinia pseudoacacia and vicia angustifolia: effects of these compounds on larval survivorship of harmonia axyridis.the cowpea aphid aphis craccivora that infests the black locust robinia pseudoacacia shows toxicity to its predator, the multicolored asian ladybird beetle, harmonia axyridis. in contrast, the same aphid species that infests the common vetch, vicia angustifolia, is suitable prey for h. axyridis larvae. previously, it was reported that the toxicity of a. craccivora infesting r. pseudoacacia was due to canavanine and 2-aminoethanol, but there was some doubt about the toxicity of these compounds an ...201223179101
synthesis and biological activity evaluation of novel β-substituted nitromethylene neonicotinoid analogues.the structure-based design and synthesis of a series of novel neonicotinoid analogues are described. the novel neonicotinoid analogues were designed based upon the reaction of enamine derivatives with electron-withdrawing β-substituents with electrophilic thiocyanogen reagents. these compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. bioassays indicated that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent bioactivity against cowpea aphids (aphis craccivora). the lc₅₀ values of compound ...201222922273
identification and characterization of resistance to cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora koch) in medicago truncatula.cowpea aphid (cpa; aphis craccivora) is the most important insect pest of cowpea and also causes significant yield losses in other legume crops including alfalfa, beans, chickpea, lentils, lupins and peanuts. in many of these crops there is no natural genetic resistance to this sap-sucking insect or resistance genes have been overcome by newly emerged cpa biotypes.201222759788
a distinct tymovirus infecting cassia hoffmannseggii in brazil.leaves of cassia hoffmannseggii, a wild fabaceous species found in the atlantic forest, with a severe mosaic symptom were collected in pernambuco state, brazil. by transmission electron microscopy, two types of virus particles were found: the first was recognized as particles of a potyvirus, which was later identified as cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus; and the second was isometric and present in high concentration. the observation of vesicles at the periphery of chloroplasts suggested a tymovir ...201222528644
comparative analysis of the genomes of two isolates of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) obtained from different hosts.the complete genomic sequences of two cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) isolates from brazil, mg-avr from passion fruit (which also infects cowpea), and br1 from peanut (which also infects cowpea, but not passion fruit), were determined. their nucleotide sequences are 89% identical and display 85% identity to that of cabmv-z. both isolates have the typical potyvirus genome features. p3 and vpg are the most conserved proteins, with 99% amino acid sequence identity between the two isolates, ...201121409445
identification of plant protein kinases in response to abiotic and biotic stresses using supersage.plants are sessile organisms subjected to many environmental adversities. for their survival they must sense and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses efficiently. during this process, protein kinases are essential in the perception of environmental stimuli, triggering signaling cascades. kinases are among the largest and most important gene families for biotechnological purposes, bringing many challenges to the bioinformaticians due to the combination of conserved domains besides diversified r ...201121827428
purification and identification of carvacrol from the root of stellera chamaejasme and research on its insecticidal activity.the root powder of stellera chamaejasme was extracted with petroleum ether. the crude extract obtained was chromatographed repeatedly with silica gel columns. one pure natural product was obtained, which was identified as 5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol (carvacrol), separated for the first time from the root of s. chamaejasme. the results of a laboratory bioassay showed that it had good insecticidal activity against aphis craccivora and leucania separata. its median lethal concentrations (lc(50)) (24 ...201121294044
indigenous and introduced potyviruses of legumes and passiflora spp. from australia: biological properties and comparison of coat protein nucleotide sequences.five australian potyviruses, passion fruit woodiness virus (pwv), passiflora mosaic virus (pamv), passiflora virus y, clitoria chlorosis virus (clcv) and hardenbergia mosaic virus (harmv), and two introduced potyviruses, bean common mosaic virus (bcmv) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), were detected in nine wild or cultivated passiflora and legume species growing in tropical, subtropical or mediterranean climatic regions of western australia. when clcv (1), pamv (1), pavy (8) and pwv ...201121744001
design, synthesis, and particular biological behaviors of chain-opening nitromethylene neonicotinoids with cis configuration.on the basis of the structure of heterocyclic-fused cis configuration derivatives and chain-opening neonicotinoids, two series of novel chain-opening tetrahydropyridine analogues were designed and synthesized. the preliminary bioassay tests were determined on cowpea aphid ( aphis craccivora ) and armyworm ( pseudaletia separata walker). the results showed that some of the target compounds exhibited repellent effects, whereas others showed good insecticidal activities.201122122797
design, synthesis, crystal structure analysis, and insecticidal evaluation of phenylazoneonicotinoids.on the basis of research of the proposed modes of action between neonicotinoids and insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr), a series of phenylazoneonicotinoids were designed and synthesized to further promote the π-π interaction between molecule and amino acid residues. the target compounds have been identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral ((1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, hrms, and x-ray) data. the preliminary results revealed that tiny differences in substitutes resulted i ...201121894959
synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole 5-fluorouracil acetamides derivatives: an rna interference insecticide.a series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole 5-fluorouracil acetamides derivatives were designed and synthesized. their structures were confirmed by infrared, (1)h nmr spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. the insecticidal activities against tetranychus cinnabarinus and aphis craccivora of these new compounds were evaluated. the bioassay tests showed that most of these title compounds possessed a good combination of stomach toxicity as well as contact toxicity against tetranychus cinnabarinus and aphis c ...201121623542
soil microbial degradation of neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and imidaclothiz and its effect on the persistence of bioefficacy against horsebean aphid aphis craccivora koch after soil application.the neonicotinoids imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, acetamiprid and thiacloprid consist of similar structural substituents but differ considerably with respect to soil use. therefore, the effects of soil microbial activity on the degradation and bioefficacy persistence of the four neonicotinoids were evaluated.201121538797
rna viruses and their silencing suppressors boost abutilon mosaic virus, but not the old world tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus.mixed viral infections can induce different changes in symptom development, genome accumulation and tissue tropism. these issues were investigated for two phloem-limited begomoviruses, abutilon mosaic virus (abmv) and tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) in nicotiana benthamiana plants doubly infected by either the potyvirus cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) or the tombusvirus artichoke mottled crinkle virus (amcv). both rna viruses induced an increase of the amount of abmv, led ...201121843560
isolation and identification of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol from stellera chamaejasme and its insecticidal activity against aphis craccivora and pieris rapae.in this study, the root powder of stellera chamaejasme was extracted with chloroform. the crude extract thus obtained was chromatographed several times with silica gel columns and finally one pure natural product was obtained. this product was identified as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (thymol), which was separated for the first time from s. chamaejasme root. the results of a laboratorial bioassay showed that it had good insecticidal activity against aphis craccivora and pieris rapae. its median l ...201121328133
designing tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives via catalyst-free aza-diels-alder reaction (adar) and their insecticidal evaluation.a series of tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 2-vinyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole derivatives with substituted benzylidenemalononitrile via a catalyst-free aza-diels-alder reaction. insecticidal activities of target compounds were tested against pea aphids ( aphis craccivora ), which showed that activities were strongly influenced by the substituents and their positions. especially, the introduction of a fluoro group at the 2- position increased activities ...201020423095
synthesis, crystal structure, and insecticidal activities of highly congested hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives: effect of conformation on activities.a series of hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized through aza-diels-alder reactions and evaluated for insecticidal activities. compounds 6a-d with endo-conformation were endowed with excellent insecticidal activities against cowpea aphid ( aphis craccivora ) and armyworm ( pseudaletia separata walker), whereas exo-compounds 7a-d showed only low activities against cowpea aphid. the difference in activities between the endo- and exo-conformations indicated that ...201020000414
divalent and oxabridged neonicotinoids constructed by dialdehydes and nitromethylene analogues of imidacloprid: design, synthesis, crystal structure, and insecticidal activities.a series of divalent and oxabridged neonicotinoids were synthesized by reactions of nitromethylene analogues of imidacloprid and dialdehydes, and their structures were confirmed by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. the bioassays indicated that some of them were endowed with excellent insecticidal activities against cowpea aphid ( aphis craccivora ), armyworm ( pseudaletia separata walker), and brown planthopper ( nilaparvata lugens ). divalen ...201020000569
metabolism of the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and thiacloprid by the yeast rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain im-2.a yeast identified as rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain im-2 was able to degrade acetamiprid (aap) and thiacloprid (thi) in sucrose mineral salt medium with half-lives of 3.7 and 14.8 days, respectively, while it did not degrade imidacloprid and imidaclothiz. identification of metabolites indicated that r. mucilaginosa im-2 selectively converted aap and thi by hydrolysis of aap to form an intermediate metabolite im 1-3 and hydrolysis of thi to form an amide derivative, respectively. metabolite im ...201020112912
biotransformation of thianicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides: diverse molecular substituents response to metabolism by bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788.the carbon atom that neighbors the tertiary amine attached to the 6-chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl moiety is the key active site in the hydroxylation of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid as well as in the demethylation of acetamiprid by stenotrophomonas maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788. in this study, thianicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides having diverse molecular substituents were biotransformed by s. maltophilia cgmcc 1.1788. the results indicated that the substitution of 6-chloropyridyl in ...201020149644
design, synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel phenylpyrazoles containing a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-alkoxyethyl moiety.a series of novel phenylpyrazoles containing a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-alkoxyethyl moiety were designed and synthesized via the key intermediate 5-trichloroethylideneimino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-alkylsulfenylpyrazole (5). the addition reaction of the imine 5 was closely related with the nature of the alcohol. the target compounds were confirmed by (1)h nmr and elemental analysis. the results of bioassays indicated that the target compounds possessed excellent activities aga ...201020349960
predator avoidance by phytophagous mites is affected by the presence of herbivores in a neighboring patch.when predators invade a leaf patch inhabited by herbivores, the herbivores disperse to a neighboring predator-free leaf patch, thus escaping from the predators. however, the neighboring patch might already be used by con- or heterospecific herbivores. we used laboratory bioassays to examine whether perception of odor from con- or heterospecific competitors on a neighbored lima bean leaf patch influences dispersal behavior of the herbivorous mite tetranychus urticae when attacked by predatory mit ...201020467794
design, multicomponent synthesis, and bioactivities of novel neonicotinoid analogues with 1,4-dihydropyridine scaffold.novel neonicotinoid analogues bearing a 1,4-dihydropridine scaffold were designed and synthesized by multicomponent reactions (mcrs) to enhance pi-pi stacking. the synthesized compounds were identified by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. bioassay tests showed that some of them exhibited high insecticidal activities against pea aphid ( aphis craccivora ).201020000775
tissue specific expression of potent insecticidal, allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal) in important pulse crop, chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) to resist the phloem feeding aphis craccivora.the phloem sap-sucking hemipteran insect, aphis craccivora, commonly known as cowpea aphid, cause major yield loss of important food legume crop chickpea. among different plant lectins allium sativum leaf agglutinin (asal), a mannose binding lectin was found to be potent antifeedant for sap sucking insect a. craccivora. present study describes expression of asal in chickpea through agrobacterium-mediated transformation of "single cotyledon with half embryo" explant. asal was expressed under the ...200919184504
reconstitution of authentic nanovirus from multiple cloned dnas.we describe a new plant single-stranded dna (ssdna) virus, a nanovirus isolate originating from the faba bean in ethiopia. we applied rolling circle amplification (rca) to extensively copy the individual circular dnas of the nanovirus genome. by sequence analyses of more than 208 individually cloned genome components, we obtained a representative sample of eight polymorphic swarms of circular dnas, each about 1 kb in size. from these heterogeneous dna populations after rca, we inferred consensus ...200919656882
development, reproduction, and within-plant infestation patterns of aphis craccivora (homoptera: aphididae) on alfalfa.the goal of this research was to describe developmental rates, reproductive rates, and infestation patterns of aphis craccivora koch on alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). all studies were conducted on the susceptible cultivar ok08 using aphids reared from collections made in oklahoma. to determine thermal requirements for growth of a. craccivora, development from birth to adult was recorded at 7.2, 12.8, 18.3, 23.9, and 29.4 degrees c. the same constant temperature treatments (except for 7.2 degrees ...200920021773
multifaceted determinants of host specificity in an aphid parasitoid.the host specificity of insect parasitoids and herbivores is thought to be shaped by a suite of traits that mediate host acceptance and host suitability. we conducted laboratory experiments to identify mechanisms shaping the host specificity of the aphid parasitoid binodoxys communis. twenty species of aphids were exposed to b. communis females in microcosms, and detailed observations and rearing studies of 15 of these species were done to determine whether patterns of host use resulted from var ...200919219460
design, synthesis, and insecticidal activities of novel analogues of neonicotinoids: replacement of nitromethylene with nitroconjugated system.to replace nitromethylene pharmacophore with a nitroconjugated system, a series of novel neonicotinoid analogues bearing five-membered aromatic heterocycles were designed and synthesized. bioassays indicated that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited higher insecticidal activities than imidacloprid against cowpea aphids ( aphis craccivora ), armyworm ( pseudaletia separate walker), nephotettix bipunctatus (fabricius), and small brown rice planthopper ( laodelphasx striatellus ). exhilarati ...200919138119
separation and identification of botanical insecticide 7-hydroxycoumarin and its biological activity against aphis craccivora and culex pipiens pallens.the root powder of stellera chamaejasme was extracted with chloroform. the crude extract obtained was chromatographed with silica gel columns many times. one pure natural product was obtained. it was identified as 7-hydroxycoumarin. laboratory bioassay showed that it had a good insecticidal activity against aphis craccivora and culex pipiens pallens. its median lethal concentrations (lc50) (24 h after treatment) were 19.56 and 0.435 mg l(-1), respectively. the results of regressive and correlati ...200818322853
a mosaic of beach bean (canavalia rosea) caused by an isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv) in brazil.beach bean (canavalia rosea) plants showing mosaic symptoms were found at massaguaçú beach, caraguatatuba, brazil. a potyvirus was found to be responsible for the symptoms, based on transmission assays and electron microscopy. a positive reaction in elisa was obtained against cowpea aphid-borne mosaic (cabmv) antisera. viral identity was confirmed by rt-pcr using specific primers to amplify part of the nib and the entire cp coding region of the genome and the 3'ntr. comparison of the amplified s ...200818273677
detection of a resistance gradient to passion fruit woodiness virus and selection of 'yellow' passion fruit plants under field conditions.productivity of 'yellow' passion fruit (passiflora edulis sims. f. flavicarpa o. deg.) is reduced by infection with cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv). we examined resistance in 72 yellow passion fruit plants grown from open-pollinated commercial seed. plants were mechanically inoculated with cabmv virus and maintained in the field in order to select contrasting genotypes for resistance. isolates were obtained from symptomatic leaves of yellow passion fruit plants from field production in l ...200819048500
the prehistory of potyviruses: their initial radiation was during the dawn of agriculture.potyviruses are found world wide, are spread by probing aphids and cause considerable crop damage. potyvirus is one of the two largest plant virus genera and contains about 15% of all named plant virus species. when and why did the potyviruses become so numerous? here we answer the first question and discuss the other.200818575612
an approach for ipm program to control sucking pests infesting garden bean plants (phaseolus vulgaris l.) in egypt.an approach to eatablish ipm program for some sucking pests infesting garden beans plants was carried out in two successive seasons of 2004 and 2005 under field conditions in alexandria, egypt. the sucking pests included the aphid, aphis craccivora koch (homoptera: aphididae), the white fly, bemisia tabaci genn. (homoptera: aleyroidae) and the spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, carbosulfan, abamectin, azadirachtin and the detergent (masrol 410) were tested for their ...200718399490
effect of cowpea seeds contamination rate by the cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus on epidemics development.cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (cabmv) diseased seeds provide at seedling, virus infected plants which are the only source of primary inoculum. secondary infections are bequeathed by aphids. the objective of this research is to study the development of the secondary infection in field. therefore, eight cowpea varieties with different seed contamination rate (0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5%) were used over consecutive four years. the infected plants were recorded every week from the tenth day after so ...200719093498
interactions of viruses in cowpea: effects on growth and yield parameters.the study was carried out to investigate the effects of inoculating three cowpea cultivars: "olo ii", "oloyin" and it86d-719 with three unrelated viruses: cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), genus potyvirus, cowpea mottle virus (cmev), genus carmovirus and southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv), genus sobemovirus singly and in mixture on growth and yield of cultivars at 10 and 30 days after planting (dap). generally, the growth and yield of the buffer inoculated control plants were significantly ...200717286870
cowpea viruses: effect of single and mixed infections on symptomatology and virus concentration.natural multiple viral infections of cultivated cowpeas have been reported in nigeria. in this study, three nigerian commercial cowpea cultivars ("olo 11", "oloyin" and "white") and two lines from the iita (it86d- 719 and tvu 76) were mechanically inoculated with cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv), bean southern mosaic virus (sbmv) and cowpea mottle virus (cmev) singly, as well as in all possible combinations at 10, 20 and 30 days after planting (dap). samples of leaves or stems were collec ...200717900355
arabidopsis thaliana is a host of the legume nanovirus faba bean necrotic yellows virus.we report infection of arabidopsis thaliana with the legume nanovirus faba bean necrotic yellows virus (fbnyv) by its insect vector aphis craccivora. symptoms of fbnyv infection on a. thaliana include stunting and reduced apical dominance, and are rather mild, compared to the severe necrosis and early plant death induced by the virus in the natural host vicia faba. an inoculation access period of 6h is sufficient to transmit fbnyv to a. thaliana. fbnyv is readily transmitted back from a. thalian ...200717512075
introduction of the anti-apoptotic baculovirus p35 gene in passion fruit induces herbicide tolerance, reduced bacterial lesions, but does not inhibits passion fruit woodiness disease progress induced by cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (cabmv).the introduction of anti-apoptotic genes into plants leads to resistance to environmental stress and broad-spectrum disease resistance. the anti-apoptotic gene (p35) from a baculovirus was introduced into the genome of passion fruit plants by biobalistics. eleven regenerated plants showed the presence of the p35 gene by pcr and/or dot blot hybridization. transcriptional analysis of regenerated plants showed the presence of specific p35 transcripts in 9 of them. regenerated plants containing the ...200717016672
characterization of resistance to multiple aphid species (hemiptera: aphididae) in medicago truncatula.aphids are phloem-feeding insects that damage many important crops throughout the world yet, compared to plant-pathogen interactions, little is known about the mechanisms by which plants become resistant to aphids. medicago truncatula (barrel medic) is widely considered as the pre-eminent model legume for genetic and biological research and in australia is an important pasture species. six cultivars of m. truncatula with varying levels of resistance to two pests of pasture and forage legumes, th ...200717298680
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