Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of zika virus from field-caught mosquitoes in various regions of thailand. | zika virus (zikv) infection is an emerging and re-emerging arbovirus disease that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. zikv infections were first described in thailand in 1954 from the sera of indigenous residents and several travelers returning from thailand in 2014. however, reported cases in thailand have been increasing since 2015 and 2016, and epidemiological information about the vectors of zikv is unclear. we investigated the molecular epidemiology and genetic ... | 2019 | 30845707 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia felis and rickettsia bellii in mosquitoes. | to add to the limited information on rickettsia in mosquitoes in china, we carried out a pcr survey on convenience samples of 3051 mosquitoes collected with hand nets in and around domestic dwellings in 25 provinces. five species of mosquitoes were identified: culex pipiens pallens (n = 1620), aedes albopictus (806), armigeres subalbatus (377), anopheles sinensis (168), and culex tritaeniorhynchus (80). a rickettsia nested-pcr targeting the variable domain of glta showed rickettsia felis in four ... | 2019 | 31306085 |
| [study on kdr allele mutation of culex pipiens pallens in zichuan district, zibo city, shandong province]. | to study the seasonal dynamics of culex pipiens pallens and the distribution of knockdown resistance (kdr) gene related sodium channel gene polymorphism in zichuan district, zibo city, shandong province. | 2019 | 31184042 |
| isolation and genome phylogenetic analysis of arthropod-borne viruses, including akabane virus, from mosquitoes collected in hunan province, china. | this study investigated the abundance of mosquitoes and circulation of mosquito-borne arboviruses from 16 villages in 8 cities of hunan province, china, in july-august of 2010 and in august of 2011. in total, 16,076 mosquitoes consisting of seven species from four genera were collected by ultraviolet-light trap. culex quinquefasciatus was the most common species, accounting for 50.63% (8140/16,076) of the total. anopheles sinensis (24.26%, 3900/16,076) made up the second most common species, fol ... | 2019 | 30526411 |
| prevalence of disease vectors in lakshadweep islands during post-monsoon season. | : increase of vector-borne diseases (vbds) in india has posed a question on the situation in lakshadweep islands, where vbds are reported from time-to-time. the present investigation was aimed to assess the faunastic situation of the prevailing vectors along with their breeding sites in different islands of the lakshadweep. | 2019 | 30618444 |
| [mosquitoes, midges and related arboviruses in southeast sichuan province]. | objective: to investigate the distribution patterns of mosquitoes, midges and related arboviruses in sichuan province. methods: blood-sucking insects were collected from houses and pens, using the ultraviolet lights. mosquito samples were classified according to morphologic characteristics and then stored at liquid nitrogen. all samples were incubated with bhk-21 and c6/36 cells for virus isolation and then detected for their viral genes. sequences of the virus were identified and analyzed by mo ... | 2018 | 30453441 |
| japanese encephalitis in indonesia: an update on epidemiology and transmission ecology. | the japanese encephalitis (je) virus circulation in indonesia was first documented in lombok in 1960, and the virus was first isolated in 1972 from culex tritaeniorhynchus in bekasi, west java and kapuk, west jakarta. since then, indonesia has been recognized as an endemic country for je transmission. up to now, je cases have been found in at least 29 provinces, with bali, west kalimantan, east nusa tenggara, west java and east java, being the areas of highest incidence. however, routine surveil ... | 2018 | 30118700 |
| comparative metagenomic profiling of viromes associated with four common mosquito species in china. | vast viruses are thought to be associated with mosquitoes. anopheles sinensis, armigeres subalbatus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex tritaeniorhynchus are very common mosquito species in china, and whether the virome structure in each species is species-specific has not been evaluated. in this study, a total of 2222 mosquitoes were collected from the same geographic location, and rnas were sequenced using the illumina miseq platform. after querying to the refseq database, a total of 3,435,781, ... | 2018 | 29500689 |
| [analysis of population genetic diversity of mosquitoes from shandong province based on mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase subunit i gene fragment]. | to explore the characteristics of gene sequence of mtdna-coⅰ of culex pipiens pallens from different geographical regions in shandong province and different resistant strains from the lab and five common mosquito species, and analyze the genetic diversity of these mosquitoes. | 2017 | 29536705 |
| identification of a newly isolated getah virus in the china-laos border, china. | in this study, we isolated a virus strain (yn12031) from specimens of armigeres subalbatus collected in the china-laos border. bhk-21 cells infected with yn12031 exhibited an evident cytopathic effect (cpe) 32 h post-infection. the virus particles were spherical, 70 nm in diameter, and enveloped; they also featured surface fibers. molecular genetic analysis revealed that yn12031 was closely related to alpha viruses such as chikungunya virus and sindbis virus, and located in the same clade as mm2 ... | 2017 | 28427491 |
| distribution and phylogeny of wolbachia strains in wild mosquito populations in sri lanka. | wolbachia are a group of maternally inherited intracellular bacteria known to be widespread among arthropods. infections with wolbachia cause declines of host populations, and also induce host resistance to a wide range of pathogens. over the past few decades, researchers were curious to use wolbachia as a biological tool to control mosquito vectors. during the present study, assessment of the prevalence of wolbachia infections among wild mosquito populations in sri lanka where mosquito-borne di ... | 2017 | 28490339 |
| pigsties near dwellings as a potential risk factor for the prevalence of japanese encephalitis virus in adult in shanxi, china. | the increasing trend of adult cases of japanese encephalitis (je) in china, particularly in northern china, has become an important public health issue. we conducted an epidemiological investigation in the south of shanxi province to examine the relationships between mosquitoes, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and adult je cases. | 2017 | 28592296 |
| mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) persistence and synchrony across an urban altitudinal gradient. | patterns of mosquito spatial persistence and temporal presence, as well as synchrony, i.e., the degree of concerted fluctuations in abundance, have been scarcely studied at finely grained spatial scales and over altitudinal gradients. here, we present a spatial persistence, temporal presence, and synchrony analysis of four common mosquito species across the altitudinal gradient of mt. konpira in nagasaki, japan. we found that aedes albopictus (skuse) was more frequently found at the mountain bas ... | 2017 | 28025246 |
| application of biogenic carbon dioxide produced by yeast with different carbon sources for attraction of mosquitoes towards adult mosquito traps. | surveillance is a prime requisite for controlling arthropod vectors like mosquitoes that transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue and chikungunya. carbon dioxide (co2) is one of the main cues from vertebrate breath that attracts mosquitoes towards the host. hence, co2 is used as an attractant during surveillance of mosquitoes either from commercial cylinders or dry ice for mosquito traps. in the present study, the biogenic carbon dioxide production was optimized with different carbon sources su ... | 2016 | 26677098 |
| antibacterial peptide cecropinb2 production via various host and construct systems. | cecropin is a cationic antibacterial peptide composed of 35-39 residues. this peptide has been identified as possessing strong antibacterial activity and low toxicity against eukaryotic cells, and it has been claimed that some types of the cecropin family of peptides are capable of killing cancer cells. in this study, the host effect of cloning antibacterial peptide cecropinb2 was investigated. three different host expression systems were chosen, i.e., escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and pic ... | 2016 | 26784164 |
| armigeres subalbatus colonization of damaged pit latrines: a nuisance and potential health risk to residents of resettlement villages in laos. | during the resettlement of 6500 persons living around the nam theun 2 hydroelectric project in laos, more than 1200 pour-flush latrines were constructed. to assess the role of these latrines as productive larval habitats for mosquitoes, entomological investigations using centers for disease control (cdc) light traps, visual inspection and emergence trapping were carried out in over 300 latrines during the rainy seasons of 2008-2010. armigeres subalbatus (diptera: culicidae) were nine times more ... | 2016 | 26508317 |
| [diffusion, population dynamics and potential distribution of armigeres subalbatus]. | to investigate the diffusion trend of armigeres subalbatus and analyze its potential geographic distribution in china. | 2016 | 29469416 |
| molecular detection of a novel totivirus from golden shiner (notemigonus crysoleucas) baitfish in the usa. | during regulatory and routine surveillance sampling of apparently healthy baitfish from the state of minnesota, a novel totivirus (tentatively named "golden shiner totivirus", gstv) was detected in a homogenate of kidney and spleen of golden shiner (notemigonus crysoleucas). the nearly complete genome is 7788 nt long with a complete 5' untranslated region (utr) of 135 nt (1-135 nt position), complete open reading frames (orfs) and a partial 3' utr of 54 nt (7734-7788). the sequence is comprised ... | 2016 | 27231008 |
| new insights about orf1 coding regions support the proposition of a new genus comprising arthropod viruses in the family totiviridae. | analyzing the positions of 2a-like polypeptide cleavage sites in all available genomes of arthropod totiviruses we propose the limits of all orf1 coding sequences and observed that two proteins previously predicted in infectious myonecrosis virus genome are unique in the arthropod totiviruses group. a putative protein cleavage site upstream the major capsid protein was also identified only in these genomes. in addition, protein models generated using ab initio and threading approaches revealed c ... | 2016 | 26497779 |
| viral metagenomics on blood-feeding arthropods as a tool for human disease surveillance. | surveillance and monitoring of viral pathogens circulating in humans and wildlife, together with the identification of emerging infectious diseases (eids), are critical for the prediction of future disease outbreaks and epidemics at an early stage. it is advisable to sample a broad range of vertebrates and invertebrates at different temporospatial levels on a regular basis to detect possible candidate viruses at their natural source. however, virus surveillance systems can be expensive, costly i ... | 2016 | 27775568 |
| comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the bg-sentinel trap, cdc light trap and mosquito-oviposition trap for the surveillance of vector mosquitoes. | the surveillance of vector mosquitoes is important for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. to identify a suitable surveillance tool for the adult dengue vector aedes albopictus, the efficacy of the bg-sentinel trap, cdc light trap and mosquito-oviposition trap (mot) on the capture of vector mosquitoes were comparatively evaluated in this study. | 2016 | 27519419 |
| assessment of angelica sinensis (oliv.) diels as a repellent for personal protection against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions in northern thailand. | angelica sinensis (oliv.) hexane extract (ahe) has been reported as a proven and impressive repellent against laboratory-reared female aedes aegypti mosquitoes. with the aim of promoting products of plant origin as a viable alternative to conventional synthetic substances, this study was designed to transform ahe-based repellents for exploitable commercial production by enhancing their efficacy and assessing their physical and biological stability as well as repellency against mosquitoes under l ... | 2016 | 27357395 |
| mosquito oviposition behavior and vector control. | the burden of gene transfer from one mosquito generation to the next falls on the female and her eggs. the selection of an oviposition site that guarantees egg and larval survival is a critical step in the reproductive process. the dangers associated with ephemeral aquatic habitats, lengthy droughts, freezing winters, and the absence of larval nutrition makes careful oviposition site selection by a female mosquito extremely important. mosquito species exhibit a remarkable diversity of ovipositio ... | 2016 | 27869724 |
| extensive genetic diversity of rickettsiales bacteria in multiple mosquito species. | rickettsiales are important zoonotic pathogens, causing severe disease in humans globally. although mosquitoes are an important vector for diverse pathogens, with the exception of members of the genus wolbachia little is known about their role in the transmission of rickettsiales. herein, rickettsiales were identified by pcr in five species of mosquitoes (anopheles sinensis, armigeres subalbatus, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus and cu. tritaeniorhynchus) collected from three chinese pro ... | 2016 | 27934910 |
| intra-instar larval cannibalism in anopheles gambiae (s.s.) and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | cannibalism has been observed in a wide range of animal taxa and its importance in persistence and stability of populations has been documented. in anopheline malaria vectors the inter-instar cannibalism between fourth- and first-instar larvae (l4-l1) has been shown in several species, while intra-instar cannibalism remains poorly investigated. in this study we tested the occurrence of intra-instar cannibalism within larvae of second-, third- and fourth-instar (l2, l3 and l4) of anopheles gambia ... | 2016 | 27806728 |
| identification of immunity-related genes in dialeurodes citri against entomopathogenic fungus lecanicillium attenuatum by rna-seq analysis. | dialeurodes citri is a major pest in citrus producing areas, and large-scale outbreaks have occurred increasingly often in recent years. lecanicillium attenuatum is an important entomopathogenic fungus that can parasitize and kill d. citri. we separated the fungus from corpses of d. citri larvae. however, the sound immune defense system of pests makes infection by an entomopathogenic fungus difficult. here we used rna sequencing technology (rna-seq) to build a transcriptome database for d. citri ... | 2016 | 27644092 |
| the infectious particle of insect-borne totivirus-like omono river virus has raised ridges and lacks fibre complexes. | omono river virus (omrv) is a double-stranded rna virus isolated from culex mosquitos, and it belongs to a group of unassigned insect viruses that appear to be related to totiviridae. this paper describes electron cryo-microscopy (cryoem) structures for the intact omrv virion to 8.9 å resolution and the structure of the empty virus-like-particle, that lacks rna, to 8.3 å resolution. the icosahedral capsid contains 120-subunits and resembles another closely related arthropod-borne totivirus-like ... | 2016 | 27616740 |
| a kdel retrieval system for er-golgi transport of japanese encephalitis viral particles. | evidence has emerged that rna viruses utilize the host secretory pathway for processing and trafficking mature viral particles and for exiting the infected cells. upon completing the complex assembly process, the viral particles take advantage of the cellular secretory trafficking machinery for their intracellular trafficking toward the golgi organelle and budding or export of virions. in this study, we showed that japanese encephalitis virus (jev)-induced extracellular grp78 contains no kdel mo ... | 2016 | 26861384 |
| sampling design influences the observed dominance of culex tritaeniorhynchus: considerations for future studies of japanese encephalitis virus transmission. | mosquito sampling during japanese encephalitis virus (jev)-associated studies, particularly in india, has usually been conducted via aspirators or light traps to catch mosquitoes around cattle, which are dead-end hosts for jev. high numbers of culex tritaeniorhynchus, relative to other species, have often been caught during these studies. less frequently, studies have involved sampling outdoor resting mosquitoes. we aimed to compare the relative abundance of mosquito species between these two pr ... | 2016 | 26726881 |
| salivary gland proteome during adult development and after blood feeding of female anopheles dissidens mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | understanding changes in mosquito salivary proteins during the time that sporozoite maturation occurs and after blood feeding may give information regarding the roles of salivary proteins during the malarial transmission. anopheles dissidens (formerly anopheles barbirostris species a1) is a potential vector of plasmodium vivax in thailand. in this study, analyses of the proteomic profiles of female an. dissidens salivary glands during adult development and after blood feeding were carried out us ... | 2016 | 27669021 |
| a metagenomic survey of viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from hubei province. | mosquitoes as one of the most common but important vectors have the potential to transmit or acquire a lot of viruses through biting, however viral flora in mosquitoes and its impact on mosquito-borne disease transmission has not been well investigated and evaluated. in this study, the metagenomic techniquehas been successfully employed in analyzing the abundance and diversity of viral community in three mosquito samples from hubei, china. among 92,304 reads produced through a run with 454 gs fl ... | 2015 | 26030271 |
| reproduction-immunity trade-offs in insects. | immune defense and reproduction are physiologically and energetically demanding processes and have been observed to trade off in a diversity of female insects. increased reproductive effort results in reduced immunity, and reciprocally, infection and activation of the immune system reduce reproductive output. this trade-off can manifest at the physiological level (within an individual) and at the evolutionary level (genetic distinction among individuals in a population). the resource allocation ... | 2015 | 26667271 |
| bacterial infection increases reproductive investment in burying beetles. | the nicrophorus genus lives and breeds in a microbe rich environment. as such, it would be expected that strategies should be in place to counter potentially negative effects of the microbes common to this environment. in this study, we show the response of nicrophorus vespilloides to the common soil bacterium, bacillus subtilis. phenoloxidase (po) levels are not upregulated in response to the challenge and the bacteria are observed to multiply within the haemolymph of the host. despite the grow ... | 2015 | 26529021 |
| comparative transcriptomic analysis of immune responses of the migratory locust, locusta migratoria, to challenge by the fungal insect pathogen, metarhizium acridum. | the migratory locust, locusta migratoria manilensis, is an immensely destructive agricultural pest that forms a devastating and voracious gregarious phase. the fungal insect pathogen, metarhizium acridum, is a specialized locust pathogen that has been used as a potent mycoinsecticide for locust control. little, however, is known about locust immune tissue, i.e. fat body and hemocyte, responses to challenge by this fungus. | 2015 | 26503342 |
| comparative paleovirological analysis of crustaceans identifies multiple widespread viral groups. | the discovery of many fragments of viral genomes integrated in the genome of their eukaryotic host (endogenous viral elements; eves) has recently opened new avenues to further our understanding of viral evolution and of host-virus interactions. here, we report the results of a comprehensive screen for eves in crustaceans. following up on the recent discovery of eves in the terrestrial isopod, armadillidium vulgare, we scanned the genomes of six crustacean species: a terrestrial isopod (armadilli ... | 2015 | 26388953 |
| draft genome of brugia pahangi: high similarity between b. pahangi and b. malayi. | efforts to completely eradicate lymphatic filariasis from human population may be challenged by the emergence of brugia pahangi as another zoonotic lymphatic filarial nematode. in this report, a genomic study was conducted to understand this species at molecular level. | 2015 | 26350613 |
| transcriptomic analysis of musca domestica to reveal key genes of the prophenoloxidase-activating system. | the propo system regulates melanization in arthropods. however, the genes that are involved in the propo system in housefly musca domestica remain unclear. thus, this study analyzed the combined transcriptome obtained from m. domestica larvae, pupae, and adults that were either normal or bacteria-challenged by an escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus mixture. a total of 54,821,138 clean reads (4.93 gb) were yielded by illumina sequencing, which were de novo assembled into 89,842 unigenes. o ... | 2015 | 26156588 |
| overexpression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase associated with pupal melanization in spodoptera exigua. | melanism has been found in a wide range of species, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely elusive. in this study, we studied the molecular mechanisms of the pupal melanism in spodoptera exigua. the full length cdna sequences of tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and dopa decarboxylase (ddc), two key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of melanin, were cloned, and their temporal expression patterns in the integument were compared during the larval-pupal metamorphosis process of the s. exigu ... | 2015 | 26084938 |
| key enzymes and proteins of crop insects as candidate for rnai based gene silencing. | rna interference (rnai) is a mechanism of homology dependent gene silencing present in plants and animals. it operates through 21-24 nucleotides small rnas which are processed through a set of core enzymatic machinery that involves dicer and argonaute proteins. in recent past, the technology has been well appreciated toward the control of plant pathogens and insects through suppression of key genes/proteins of infecting organisms. the genes encoding key enzymes/proteins with the great potential ... | 2015 | 25954206 |
| tissue-specific immune gene expression in the migratory locust, locusta migratoria. | the ability of hosts to respond to infection involves several complex immune recognition pathways. broadly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) allow individuals to target a range of invading microbes. recently, studies on insect innate immunity have found evidence that a single pathogen can activate different immune pathways across species. in this study, expression changes in immune genes encoding peptidoglycan-recognition protein sa (pgrp-sa), gram-negative binding protein ... | 2015 | 26463191 |
| exome and transcriptome sequencing of aedes aegypti identifies a locus that confers resistance to brugia malayi and alters the immune response. | many mosquito species are naturally polymorphic for their abilities to transmit parasites, a feature which is of great interest for controlling vector-borne disease. aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever and a laboratory model for studying lymphatic filariasis, is genetically variable for its capacity to harbor the filarial nematode brugia malayi. the genome of ae. aegypti is large and repetitive, making genome resequencing difficult and expensive. we designed exome captur ... | 2015 | 25815506 |
| insect-specific flaviviruses: a systematic review of their discovery, host range, mode of transmission, superinfection exclusion potential and genomic organization. | there has been a dramatic increase in the number of insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs) discovered in the last decade. historically, these viruses have generated limited interest due to their inability to infect vertebrate cells. this viewpoint has changed in recent years because some isfs have been shown to enhance or suppress the replication of medically important flaviviruses in co-infected mosquito cells. additionally, comparative studies between isfs and medically important flaviviruses can ... | 2015 | 25866904 |
| insights into the evolutionary history of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) based on whole-genome sequences comprising the five genotypes. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) is the etiological agent of japanese encephalitis (je), one of the most serious viral encephalitis worldwide. five genotypes have been classified based on phylogenetic analysis of the viral envelope gene or the complete genome. previous studies based on four genotypes have reported that in evolutionary terms, genotype 1 jev is the most recent lineage. however, until now, no systematic phylogenetic analysis was reported based on whole genomic sequence of all five ... | 2015 | 25884184 |
| detection of japanese encephalitis virus genotype v in culex orientalis and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) in korea. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) causes significant viral encephalitis and is distributed throughout the asian countries. the virus is known to be transmitted by culex tritaeniorhynchus, which mainly breeds in rice paddies in korea. in this study, we investigated the presence of other mosquito species that can transmit jev as a second or regional vector. we selected five cities where patients have experienced je in the last 5 years as mosquito-collecting locations and subdivided them into four ... | 2015 | 25658839 |
| unprecedented genomic diversity of rna viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense rna viruses. | although arthropods are important viral vectors, the biodiversity of arthropod viruses, as well as the role that arthropods have played in viral origins and evolution, is unclear. through rna sequencing of 70 arthropod species we discovered 112 novel viruses that appear to be ancestral to much of the documented genetic diversity of negative-sense rna viruses, a number of which are also present as endogenous genomic copies. with this greatly enriched diversity we revealed that arthropods contain ... | 2015 | 25633976 |
| the dual roles of armigeres subalbatus prophenoloxidase v in parasite melanization and egg chorion melanization in the mosquito ar. subalbatus. | phenoloxidases (pos) play key roles in various physiological functions in insects, e.g., cuticular sclerotization, wound healing, egg tanning, cuticle formation and melanotic encapsulaction of pathogens. previously, we identified five pos, designated as-pro-po i-v, from the mosquito armigeres subalbatus and demonstrated that the functions of as-pro-po i, ii and iii, were associated with filarial parasite melanization, blood feeding and cuticle formation, respectively. in the present study, we de ... | 2015 | 26226650 |
| population dynamics of armigeres subalbatus (diptera: culicidae) across a temperate altitudinal gradient. | understanding the impacts of weather fluctuations, and environmental gradients, on the abundance of vectors is fundamental to grasp the dynamic nature of the entomological risk for disease transmission. the mosquito armigeres subalbatus (coquillet) is a common vector of filariasis. nevertheless, its population dynamics have been relatively poorly studied. here, we present results from a season long study where we studied spatio-temporal abundance patterns of ar. subalbatus across the altitudinal ... | 2015 | 26074401 |
| establishment and characterization of two new cell lines from the mosquito armigeres subalbatus (coquillett) (diptera: culicidae). | armigeres subalbatus (coquillett) is a medically important mosquito and a model species for immunology research. we successfully established two cell lines from the neonate larvae of a. subalbatus using two different media. to our knowledge, this is the first report of an established armigeres mosquito cell line. the cell lines, designated as ar-3 and ar-13, consist of adherent and diploid cells with compact colonies. both these cell lines grow slowly after passage at a split ratio of 1:5 and a ... | 2015 | 25761724 |
| [isolation and identification of mosquito-borne arboviruses in yuncheng city, shanxi province, 2012]. | to investigate the species and distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne arboviruses in yuncheng city of shanxi province, china. | 2015 | 25975552 |
| seasonal prevalence and blood meal analysis of filarial vector culex quinquefasciatus in coastal areas of digha, west bengal, india. | filariasis is one of the major vector-borne diseases causing serious health problem in the tropics and subtropics. the coastal areas of digha are known to be a filariasis prone region of west bengal, india. the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti is transmitted by culex quinquefasciatus, the established filarial vector in west bengal, india. the present work was aimed to determine the abundance of different mosquito species; and the frequency, distribution and blood meal analysis of cx. quinq ... | 2015 | 26418657 |
| temporal changes of aedes and armigeres populations in suburban and forested areas in malaysia. | surveillance of mosquitoes and their distribution in association with rainfall, relative humidity, and temperature were conducted in selected suburban and forested areas, namely, sungai penchala (kuala lumpur) and taman alam (selangor) for 12 months. armigeres kesseli was the most abundant species in sungai penchala while aedes butleri was the most dominant species in taman alam. a positive correlation between mosquito distribution and rainfall was observed in selected mosquito species in sungai ... | 2015 | 26867376 |
| mosquito biodiversity patterns around urban environments in south-central okinawa island, japan. | okinawa is the largest, most urbanized, and densely populated island in the ryukyus archipelago, where mosquito species diversity has been thoroughly studied. however, the south-central okinawa mosquito fauna has been relatively poorly studied. here, we present results from a mosquito faunal survey in urban environments of nishihara city, south-central okinawa. mosquitoes were sampled biweekly, from april 2007 to march 2008, at 3 different environments: a forest preserve, an animal farm, and a w ... | 2014 | 25843131 |
| distribution and mosquito hosts of chaoyang virus, a newly reported flavivirus from the republic of korea, 2008-2011. | in total, 183,602 female culicine mosquitoes were captured by mosquito magnet, black light, and new jersey light traps, and manual aspiration of resting blood-fed mosquitoes, in the republic of korea from 2008 to 2011. culicine mosquitoes were identified to species, placed in pools of up to 30 mosquitoes each, and screened for flavivirus rna by using an sybr green i-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. thirty-two of the 8,199 pools assayed were positive by quantitative po ... | 2014 | 24724298 |
| in silico single strand melting curve: a new approach to identify nucleic acid polymorphisms in totiviridae. | the pcr technique and its variations have been increasingly used in the clinical laboratory and recent advances in this field generated new higher resolution techniques based on nucleic acid denaturation dynamics. the principle of these new molecular tools is based on the comparison of melting profiles, after denaturation of a dna double strand. until now, the secondary structure of single-stranded nucleic acids has not been exploited to develop identification systems based on pcr. to test the p ... | 2014 | 25030031 |
| insect prophenoloxidase: the view beyond immunity. | insect prophenoloxidase (ppo) is an important innate immunity protein due to its involvement in cellular and humoral defense. it belongs to a group of type-3 copper-containing proteins that occurs in almost all organisms. insect ppo has been studied for over a century, and the ppo activation cascade is becoming clearer. the insect ppo activation pathway incorporates several important proteins, including pattern-recognition receptors (pgrp, β grp, and c-type lectins), serine proteases, and serine ... | 2014 | 25071597 |
| identification and functional analysis of the peptidoglycan recognition protein ld gene in the mosquito, armigeres subalbatus. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins are important recognition proteins in many organisms ranging from echinoderms to humans. in an attempt to characterize all the pgrps in the mosquito armigeres subalbatus, two pgrp-ld isoforms, aspgrp-lda and aspgrp-ldb, which are orthologs of the pgrp-lds in several other insect species, were identified from this mosquito using homologous cloning. to date the functions of this pgrp gene have not yet been described in detail in other organisms with a known pgrp- ... | 2014 | 24016699 |
| host feeding patterns of mosquitoes in a rural malaria-endemic region in hainan island, china. | malaria is endemic in wangxia village of hainan island. in this area little is known about the host seeking behavior and feeding habit of mosquitoes. three sites representing the most common habitat types in the village were selected to study the host seeking behavior and feeding habit of mosquitoes. of the total 9 species belonging to 4 genera (armigeres, culex, aedes, and anopheles) collected in wangxia village, culex tritaeniorhynchus and cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus were the most commonly co ... | 2014 | 25843138 |
| antiviral responses of arthropod vectors: an update on recent advances. | arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks, biting midges and sand flies, transmit many viruses that can cause outbreaks of disease in humans and animals around the world. arthropod vector species are invading new areas due to globalisation and environmental changes, and contact between exotic animal species, humans and arthropod vectors is increasing, bringing with it the regular emergence of new arboviruses. for future strategies to control arbovirus transmission, it is important to improve ... | 2014 | 25674592 |
| functions of armigeres subalbatus c-type lectins in innate immunity. | c-type lectins (ctls) are a superfamily of calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding proteins containing at least one carbohydrate-recognition domain (crd) and they are present in almost all metazoans. insect ctls may function as pattern-recognition receptors and play important roles in innate immunity. in this study, we selected five asctls from the mosquito armigeres subalbatus, a natural vector of filarial nematodes, and performed both in vitro and in vivo studies to elucidate their functions in ... | 2014 | 25014898 |
| comparison of genotypes i and iii in japanese encephalitis virus reveals distinct differences in their genetic and host diversity. | japanese encephalitis (je) is an arthropod-borne disease associated with the majority of viral encephalitis cases in the asia-pacific region. the causative agent, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), has been phylogenetically divided into five genotypes. recent surveillance data indicate that genotype i (gi) is gradually replacing genotype iii (giii) as the dominant genotype. to investigate the mechanism behind the genotype shift and the potential consequences in terms of vaccine efficacy, human c ... | 2014 | 25056890 |
| mosquito surveillance revealed lagged effects of mosquito abundance on mosquito-borne disease transmission: a retrospective study in zhejiang, china. | mosquito-borne diseases (mbds) are still threats to public health in zhejiang. in this study, the associations between the time-lagged mosquito capture data and mbds incidence over five years were used to examine the potential effects of mosquito abundance on patterns of mbds epidemiology in zhejiang during 2008-2012. light traps were used to collect adult mosquitoes at 11 cities. correlation tests with and without time lag were performed to investigate the correlations between mbds incidence ra ... | 2014 | 25393834 |
| molecular epidemiology of japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in taiwan during 2005-2012. | japanese encephalitis (je) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the japanese encephalitis virus (jev). pigs and water birds are the main amplifying and maintenance hosts of the virus. in this study, we conducted a jev survey in mosquitoes captured in pig farms and water bird wetland habitats in taiwan during 2005 to 2012. a total of 102,633 mosquitoes were collected. culex tritaeniorhynchus was the most common mosquito species found in the pig farms and wetlands. among the 26 mosquito ... | 2014 | 25275652 |
| three-dimensional structure of a protozoal double-stranded rna virus that infects the enteric pathogen giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia virus (glv) is a small, nonenveloped, nonsegmented double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus infecting giardia lamblia, the most common protozoan pathogen of the human intestine and a major agent of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwide. glv (genus giardiavirus) is a member of family totiviridae, along with several other groups of protozoal or fungal viruses, including leishmania rna viruses and trichomonas vaginalis viruses. interestingly, glv is more closely related than other totivir ... | 2014 | 25378500 |
| identification of salivary gland proteins depleted after blood feeding in the malaria vector anopheles campestris-like mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | malaria sporozoites must invade the salivary glands of mosquitoes for maturation before transmission to vertebrate hosts. the duration of the sporogonic cycle within the mosquitoes ranges from 10 to 21 days depending on the parasite species and temperature. during blood feeding salivary gland proteins are injected into the vertebrate host, along with malaria sporozoites in the case of an infected mosquito. to identify salivary gland proteins depleted after blood feeding of female anopheles campe ... | 2014 | 24599352 |
| expression pattern of glycoside hydrolase genes in lutzomyia longipalpis reveals key enzymes involved in larval digestion. | the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of american visceral leishmaniasis. adults are phytophagous (males and females) or blood feeders (females only), and larvae feed on solid detritus. digestion in sand fly larvae has scarcely been studied, but some glycosidase activities putatively involved in microorganism digestion were already described. nevertheless, the molecular nature of these enzymes, as the corresponding genes and transcripts, were not explored yet. catabolis ... | 2014 | 25140153 |
| identification of immunity-related genes in ostrinia furnacalis against entomopathogenic fungi by rna-seq analysis. | the asian corn borer (ostrinia furnacalis (guenée)) is one of the most serious corn pests in asia. control of this pest with entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana has been proposed. however, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between o. furnacalis and b. bassiana are unclear, especially under the conditions that the genomic information of o. furnacalis is currently unavailable. so we sequenced and characterized the transcriptome of o. furnacalis larvae infected by b. bass ... | 2014 | 24466095 |
| phenylalanine metabolism regulates reproduction and parasite melanization in the malaria mosquito. | the blood meal of the female malaria mosquito is a pre-requisite to egg production and also represents the transmission route for the malaria parasite. the proper and rapid assimilation of proteins and nutrients in the blood meal creates a significant metabolic challenge for the mosquito. to better understand this process we generated a global profile of metabolite changes in response to blood meal of anopheles gambiae, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). to disrupt a key pathway ... | 2014 | 24409310 |
| identification and developmental expression of the enzymes responsible for dopamine, histamine, octopamine and serotonin biosynthesis in the copepod crustacean calanus finmarchicus. | neurochemicals are likely to play key roles in physiological/behavioral control in the copepod crustacean calanus finmarchicus, the biomass dominant zooplankton for much of the north atlantic ocean. previously, a de novo assembled transcriptome consisting of 206,041 unique sequences was used to characterize the peptidergic signaling systems of calanus. here, this assembly was mined for transcripts encoding enzymes involved in amine biosynthesis. using known drosophila melanogaster proteins as te ... | 2013 | 24148657 |
| mosquito-parasite interactions can shape filariasis transmission dynamics and impact elimination programs. | the relationship between mosquito vectors and lymphatic filariasis (lf) parasites can result in a range of transmission outcomes. anophelines are generally characterized as poor vectors due to an inability to support development at low densities. however, it is important to understand the potential for transmission in natural vectors to maximize the success of elimination efforts. primary vectors in papua new guinea (n = 1209) were dissected following exposure to microfilaremic blood (range 8-23 ... | 2013 | 24069488 |
| salivary glands proteins expression of anopheles dirus a fed on plasmodium vivax- and plasmodium falciparum-infected human blood. | mosquitoes are able to adapt to feed on blood by the salivary glands which created a protein that works against the haemostasis process. this study aims to investigate the salivary glands proteins expression of 50 adult female an. dirus a mosquitoes, a main vector of malaria in thailand, each group with an age of 5 days which were artificial membrane fed on sugar, normal blood, blood infected with p. vivax, and blood infected with p. falciparum. then mosquito salivary gland proteins were analyze ... | 2013 | 23956841 |
| non-genetic determinants of mosquito competence for malaria parasites. | understanding how mosquito vectors and malaria parasites interact is of fundamental interest, and it also offers novel perspectives for disease control. both the genetic and environmental contexts are known to affect the ability of mosquitoes to support malaria development and transmission, i.e., vector competence. although the role of environment has long been recognized, much work has focused on host and parasite genetic effects. however, the last few years have seen a surge of studies reveali ... | 2013 | 23818841 |
| complete genome sequence of a putative novel victorivirus from ustilaginoidea virens. | ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of a serious disease of rice. here, we report the presence of five dsrna bands ranging from about 1.2, 1.5, 1.7, and 1.8 to 5.6 kb in an isolate of this fungus from china and the complete sequence of the largest dsrna segment, putatively representing the genome of a novel virus, designated as ustilaginoidea virens rna virus 1 (uvrv1), uvrv1, which has a genome length of 5567 bp and has two consecutive open reading frames (orfs) with a five-nucleotide ove ... | 2013 | 23385326 |
| the characterization of the phlebotomus papatasi transcriptome. | as important vectors of human disease, phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance to human health, transmitting several emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. the most devastating of the sand fly transmitted infections are the leishmaniases, causing significant mortality and morbidity in both the old and new world. here we present the first global transcriptome analysis of the old world vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis, phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) and compare this transcriptom ... | 2013 | 23398403 |
| surveillance of japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes in vietnam from 2006 to 2008. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection in mosquitoes was monitored in vietnam from 2006 to 2008. a total of 15,225 mosquitoes, identified as 26 species in five genera were collected and 12,621 were grouped into 447 pools for examination of jev infection by assays for cytopathic effects in c6/36 cells and by rt-pcr to detect flavivirus rna. three jev strains were isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus giles collected in northern and southern vietnam and two jev strains were isolated from cule ... | 2013 | 23358634 |
| molecular detection and genotyping of japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes during a 2010 outbreak in the republic of korea. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen, is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis. to reduce the impact of japanese encephalitis among children in the republic of korea (rok), the government established a mandatory vaccination program in 1967. through the efforts of this program only 0-7 (mean 2.1) cases of japanese encephalitis were reported annually in the rok during the period of 1984-2009. however, in 2010 there was an outbreak of 26 confirmed cases of j ... | 2013 | 23390520 |
| susceptibility of eight species members in the anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic brugia malayi. | filariasis, caused by brugia malayi, is a public health problem in thailand. currently, at least two locations in southern thailand are reported to be active endemic areas. two and four mansonia species are primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of the nocturnally subperiodic race, whereas, coquillettidia crassipes is a vector of the diurnally subperiodic race. although several anopheles species have been incriminated extensively as natural and/or suspected vectors of b. malayi, little is ... | 2013 | 23289957 |
| armigeres subalbatus incriminated as a vector of zoonotic brugia pahangi filariasis in suburban kuala lumpur, peninsular malaysia. | in 2011, we reported occurrence of natural human infections with brugia pahangi, a filarial worm of dogs and cats, in a surburb of kuala lumpur, the capital city of malaysia. our preliminary entomological survey at that time suggested the mosquito species armigeres subalbatus as the vector of the zoonotic infections. in this present report, we provide biological evidence to confirm our preliminary finding. | 2013 | 23898840 |
| monitoring of malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis vectors. | vector monitoring in military stations would help in protecting the armed forces from vector borne diseases such as malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis. | 2013 | 24843200 |
| mosquito vector diversity across habitats in central thailand endemic for dengue and other arthropod-borne diseases. | recent years have seen the greatest ecological disturbances of our times, with global human expansion, species and habitat loss, climate change, and the emergence of new and previously-known infectious diseases. biodiversity loss affects infectious disease risk by disrupting normal relationships between hosts and pathogens. mosquito-borne pathogens respond to changing dynamics on multiple transmission levels and appear to increase in disturbed systems, yet current knowledge of mosquito diversity ... | 2013 | 24205420 |
| mosquitoes of western yunnan province, china: seasonal abundance, diversity, and arbovirus associations. | the western borderland between yunnan province, china, and myanmar is characterized by a climate that facilitates year-round production of mosquitoes. numerous mosquito-transmitted viruses, including japanese encephalitis virus circulate in this area. this project was to describe seasonal patterns in mosquito species abundance and arbovirus activity in the mosquito populations. | 2013 | 24146951 |
| a tyrosine-to-histidine switch at position 18 of the ross river virus e2 glycoprotein is a determinant of virus fitness in disparate hosts. | arthritogenic alphaviruses are human pathogens maintained in nature through alternating replication in vertebrates and mosquitoes. using chimeric viruses, we previously reported that replacement of the pe2 coding region of the t48 strain of ross river virus (rrv-t48) with that from the attenuated dc5692 strain, which differ by 7 amino acids, resulted in an attenuated disease phenotype in a mouse model of rrv-induced rheumatic disease. here, we demonstrate that introduction of one of these amino ... | 2013 | 23514884 |
| cloning, characterization and effect of tmpgrp-le gene silencing on survival of tenebrio molitor against listeria monocytogenes infection. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are a family of innate immune molecules that recognize bacterial peptidoglycan. pgrp-le, a member of the pgrp family, selectively binds to diaminopimelic acid (dap)-type peptidoglycan to activate both the immune deficiency (imd) and prophenoloxidase (propo) pathways in insects. a pgrp-le-dependent induction of autophagy to control listeria monocytogenes has also been reported. we identified and partially characterized a novel pgrp-le homologue, from ten ... | 2013 | 24240808 |
| multi-gene detection and identification of mosquito-borne rna viruses using an oligonucleotide microarray. | arthropod-borne viruses are important emerging pathogens world-wide. viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, such as dengue, yellow fever, and japanese encephalitis viruses, infect hundreds of millions of people and animals each year. global surveillance of these viruses in mosquito vectors using molecular based assays is critical for prevention and control of the associated diseases. here, we report an oligonucleotide dna microarray design, termed arbochip5.1, for multi-gene detection and identifica ... | 2013 | 23967358 |
| the role of innate immunity in conditioning mosquito susceptibility to west nile virus. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) represent an emerging threat to human and livestock health globally. in particular, those transmitted by mosquitoes present the greatest challenges to disease control efforts. an understanding of the molecular basis for mosquito innate immunity to arbovirus infection is therefore critical to investigations regarding arbovirus evolution, virus-vector ecology, and mosquito vector competence. in this review, we discuss the current state of understanding regardi ... | 2013 | 24351797 |
| vector and reservoir host of a case of human brugia pahangi infection in selangor, peninsular malaysia. | a case of human eye infection caused by brugia pahangi was reported in 2010 in a semi rural village in selangor, peninsular malaysia. our report here reveals results of investigation on the vector and animal host for the transmission of the infection. we conducted entomological survey and cat blood examination in the vicinity of the patient's home. the mosquito species armigeres subalbatus was incriminated as the vector, whereas cat served as the reservoir host. | 2013 | 24522144 |
| insights into the different functions of multiple peptidoglycan recognition proteins in the immune response against bacteria in the mosquito, armigeres subalbatus. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are a group of proteins that recognize and/or bind to peptidoglycan on the surface of a number of pathogens. to understand the roles of multiple pgrps in the mosquito armigeres subalbatus (aspgrps), we studied the effects of infection of two bacteria, the gram negative escherichia coli and the gram positive micrococcus luteus, on the transcriptional expression of aspgrps and rna interference (rnai) of aspgrps on the immune responses of mosquitoes agains ... | 2013 | 23541606 |
| physicochemical characteristics of habitats in relation to the density of container-breeding mosquitoes in asom, india. | container-breeding mosquitoes, especially aedes spp are vectors of diseases such as dengue and chikungunya. the abundance of these disease vectors in an area depends on the availability of container habitats and their physicochemical characteristics. the species composition of container-breeding mosquitoes in asom, india was studied and the larval density was correlated with the habitat characteristics. | 2013 | 24220081 |
| distribution of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses along the china-myanmar border in yunnan province. | a total of 54,673 mosquitoes were collected at 11 sites located near the china-myanmar border in the western part of yunnan province during july and august 2007. there were 29 species in 4 genera identified from the collections, including 12 species of culex, 12 species of anopheles, 3 species of aedes, and 2 species of armigeres. culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (67.9%, 37,119/54,673) and anopheles sinensis wiedemann (25.9%, 14,170/54,673) were the most abundant species in this investigation. viru ... | 2012 | 22627302 |
| existence of prophenoloxidase in wing discs: a source of plasma prophenoloxidase in the silkworm, bombyx mori. | in insects, hemocytes are considered as the only source of plasma prophenoloxidase (ppo). ppo also exists in the hemocytes of the hematopoietic organ that is connected to the wing disc of bombyx mori. it is unknown whether there are other cells or tissues that can produce ppo and release it into the hemolymph besides circulating hemocytes. in this study, we use the silkworm as a model to explore this possibility. through tissue staining and biochemical assays, we found that wing discs contain pp ... | 2012 | 22848488 |
| tissue-enriched expression profiles in aedes aegypti identify hemocyte-specific transcriptome responses to infection. | hemocytes are integral components of mosquito immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis, melanization, and production of antimicrobial peptides. however, our understanding of hemocyte-specific molecular processes and their contribution to shaping the host immune response remains limited. to better understand the immunophysiological features distinctive of hemocytes, we conducted genome-wide analysis of hemocyte-enriched transcripts, and examined how tissue-enriched expression patterns change with t ... | 2012 | 22796331 |
| cloning and characterization of prophenoloxidase a3 (propoa3) from culex pipiens pallens. | the prophenoloxidase subunit a3 (propoa3) gene was cloned from culex pipiens pallens, which had an open reading frame of 2061 bp encoding a putative 686 amino acid protein. the deduced amino acid sequence shares 98% with propoa3 from culex quinquefasciatus. propoa3 is expressed at all developmental stages of c. pipiens pallens. significant negative correlation was observed between propoa3 expression and deltamethrin resistance in resistant c. pipiens pallens. furthermore, propoa3 expression leve ... | 2012 | 22561195 |
| cloning and characterization of the peptidoglycan recognition protein genes in the mosquito, armigeres subalbatus (diptera: culicidae). | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are a group of proteins that are responsible for the recognition and, in some cases, binding of peptidoglycan (pgn), a unique cell wall component of bacteria, and initiation of immune responses to various types of pathogens. in the current study, full-length cdna sequences of multiple pgrps, identified via a database search, were cloned in the mosquito armigeres subalbatus (coquillett). during cloning, a novel transcript variant (isoform) of aspgrp-lc ( ... | 2012 | 22679875 |
| phenoloxidase activity acts as a mosquito innate immune response against infection with semliki forest virus. | several components of the mosquito immune system including the rna interference (rnai), jak/stat, toll and imd pathways have previously been implicated in controlling arbovirus infections. in contrast, the role of the phenoloxidase (po) cascade in mosquito antiviral immunity is unknown. here we show that conditioned medium from the aedes albopictus-derived u4.4 cell line contains a functional po cascade, which is activated by the bacterium escherichia coli and the arbovirus semliki forest virus ... | 2012 | 23144608 |
| the roles of serpins in mosquito immunology and physiology. | in vector-borne diseases, the complex interplay between pathogen and its vector's immune system determines the outcome of infection and therefore disease transmission. serpins have been shown in many animals to be key regulators of innate immune reactions. their control over regulatory proteolytic cascades ultimately decides whether the recognition of a pathogen will lead to an appropriate immune response. in mosquitoes, serpins (srpns) regulate the activation of prophenoloxidase and thus melani ... | 2012 | 22960307 |
| evaluation of a field-portable dna microarray platform and nucleic acid amplification strategies for the detection of arboviruses, arthropods, and bloodmeals. | highly multiplexed assays, such as microarrays, can benefit arbovirus surveillance by allowing researchers to screen for hundreds of targets at once. we evaluated amplification strategies and the practicality of a portable dna microarray platform to analyze virus-infected mosquitoes. the prototype microarray design used here targeted the non-structural protein 5, ribosomal rna, and cytochrome b genes for the detection of flaviviruses, mosquitoes, and bloodmeals, respectively. we identified 13 of ... | 2012 | 23249687 |
| the involvement of microglial cells in japanese encephalitis infections. | despite the availability of effective vaccines, japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infections remain a leading cause of encephalitis in many asian countries. the virus is transmitted to humans by culex mosquitoes, and, while the majority of human infections are asymptomatic, up to 30% of je cases admitted to hospital die and 50% of the survivors suffer from neurological sequelae. microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in both the innate and adaptive immune responses in the c ... | 2012 | 22919405 |
| induction of fas mediated caspase-8 independent apoptosis in immune cells by armigeres subalbatus saliva. | it is widely recognized that the introduction of saliva of bloodsucking arthropods at the site of pathogen transmission might play a central role in vector-borne infections. however, how the interaction between salivary components and the host immune system takes place and which physiological processes this leads to has yet to be investigated. armigeres subalbatus is one of the prominent types of mosquitoes involved in the transmission of parasitic and viral diseases in humans and animals. | 2012 | 22815944 |
| non-canonical translation in rna viruses. | viral protein synthesis is completely dependent upon the translational machinery of the host cell. however, many rna virus transcripts have marked structural differences from cellular mrnas that preclude canonical translation initiation, such as the absence of a 5' cap structure or the presence of highly structured 5'utrs containing replication and/or packaging signals. furthermore, whilst the great majority of cellular mrnas are apparently monocistronic, rna viruses must often express multiple ... | 2012 | 22535777 |
| japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes and swine in yunnan province, china 2009-2010. | the residential regions of yunnan province, canton of jing hong, in china were surveyed for japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection in mosquito and swine vectors to determine the frequency of jev-carrying zoonotic vectors in 2009-2010. a total of 21,500 mosquitoes were collected and divided by species, and brain tissue was collected from 108 stillborn piglets. the infection rates for the different jev species were 13.2% for culex tritaeniorhynchus, 2.7% for anopheles sinensis, 0.7% for armig ... | 2012 | 23199264 |
| insect sex determination manipulated by their endosymbionts: incidences, mechanisms and implications. | the sex-determining systems of arthropods are surprisingly diverse. some species have male or female heterogametic sex chromosomes while other species do not have sex chromosomes. most species are diploids but some species, including wasps, ants, thrips and mites, are haplodiploids (n in males; 2n in females). many of the sexual aberrations, such as sexual mosaics, sex-specific lethality and conversion of sexuality, can be explained by developmental defects including double fertilization of a bi ... | 2012 | 26467955 |