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molecular verification of new world mansonella perstans parasitemias.we obtained ribosomal and mitochondrial dna sequences from residents of amazonas state, brazil, with mansonella parasitemias. phylogenetic analysis of these sequences confirm that m. ozzardi and m. perstans parasites occur in sympatry and reveal the close relationship between m. perstans in africa and brazil, providing insights into the parasite's new world origins.201728221120
atypical mansonella ozzardi microfilariae from an endemic area of brazilian amazonia.mansonellosis is endemic in several regions of africa, the caribbean, and latin america. mansonella ozzardi and mansonella perstans have been reported in latin america, including the amazon region. a morphological and molecular microfilariae study was performed in pauini (brazil). blood samples were collected from 40 individuals, and were analyzed by giemsa-stained blood film and by two different nested polymerase chain reactions which detect internal transcribed spacer-1 and the major sperm pro ...201627402517
mansonella ozzardi: a neglected new world filarial nematode.mansonella ozzardi (nematoda: onchocercidae) is an understudied filarial nematode, originally described by patrick manson in 1897, that can be transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genus culicoides) and black flies (genus simulium). with a patchy geographic distribution from southern mexico to northwestern argentina, human infection with m. ozzardi is highly prevalent in some of the caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the amazon ...201627376501
historic accounts of mansonella parasitaemias in the south pacific and their relevance to lymphatic filariasis elimination efforts today.there are two species of filarial parasites with sheathless microfilariae known to commonly cause parasitaemias in humans: mansonella perstans and mansonella ozzardi. in most contemporary accounts of the distribution of these parasites, neither is usually considered to occur anywhere in the eastern hemisphere. however, sir patrick manson, who first described both parasite species, recorded the existence of sheathless sharp-tailed mansonella ozzardi-like parasites occurring in the blood of native ...201626972389
dirofilaria repens microfilariae from a human node fine-needle aspirate: a case report.human dirofilariosis is still a little known infection even in endemic areas. dirofilariosis is zoonotic infection usually abortive in humans; instead, we report a very rare case (the 4th in the world), the first in italy, in which at least two infective larvae became mature adults that mated and produced active microfilariae even though they did not reach peripheral blood.201627266512
mansonella ozzardi in neotropical region of argentina: prevalence through time (1986-2010).human filariasis caused by mansonella ozzardi is a parasitic infection of a controversial pathology and poorly studied in argentina. the aim of this study was not only to obtain data of the prevalence of m. ozzardi in northwestern argentina through comparison of infection rates in relation to sex and age group determining the range of distribution of mansonelliasis in the region but also to investigate the prevalence of the cases over time. through field work carried between 1986 and 2010 by tec ...201626433075
[contribution of the pcr assay to the diagnosis of mansonella ozzardi in endemic areas of argentina].mansonella ozzardi is a tissue-dwelling parasitic nematode, the causative agent of mansonelliasis in almost all latin american countries. it has been described along the argentine yungas region. the microscopic diagnosis can yield false-negative test results at low microfilaremia levels. the aim of this study was to optimize the molecular diagnostic technique and compare it with the knott's method and standard blood smear procedures (thin blood films and thick smears) in 92 blood samples of indi ...201622997768
occurrence of mansonella ozzardi diagnosed using a polycarbonate membrane in a riverside population of lábrea in the western brazilian amazon.introduction mansonella ozzardi is a widely distributed filaria worm in the amazon region. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of m. ozzardi infection in riverine communities of lábrea municipality, amazonas state, brazil. methods a diagnostic blood filtration method in a polycarbonate membrane was used. results m. ozzardi was found in 50.3% of the sample, with the highest prevalence in farmers/fishermen (69.4%; χ 2 = -19.14, p<0.001). the prevalence was higher in longer-term residents ...201627163575
[mansonelosis by mansonella ozzardi in volunteers undergoing screening for malaria in the peruvian amazon].to determine the frequency, clinical features, and factors associated with m. ozzardi infection in volunteers of a malaria screening campaign in the district of alto nanay in the amazon jungle of peru.201526338385
a field trial of a pcr-based mansonella ozzardi diagnosis assay detects high-levels of submicroscopic m. ozzardi infections in both venous blood samples and fta card dried blood spots.mansonella ozzardi is a poorly understood human filarial parasite with a broad distribution throughout latin america. most of what is known about its parasitism has come from epidemiological studies that have estimated parasite incidence using light microscopy. light microscopy can, however, miss lighter, submicroscopic, infections. in this study we have compared m. ozzardi incidence estimates made using light microscopy, with estimates made using pcr.201525990611
new records of mansonella ozzardi: a parasite that is spreading from the state of amazonas to previously uninfected areas of the state of acre in the purus river region.mansonella ozzardi infections are common in the riverside communities along the solimões, negro and purus rivers in the state of amazonas (am). however, little is known about the presence of this parasite in communities located in regions bordering am and the state of acre. the prevalence rate of m. ozzardi infections was determined in blood samples from volunteers according to the knott method. a total of 355 volunteers from six riverine communities were enrolled in the study and 65 (18.3%) wer ...201424141966
outstanding insecurities concerning the use of an ov16-based elisa in the amazonia onchocerciasis focus.in a recent issue of memórias do instituto oswaldo cruz, published in rio de janeiro in february 2014 (109: 87-92), adami et al. have published a survey reporting mansonella parasite prevalence in the amazon region. this report makes a useful contribution to the existing knowledge of filarial parasite distribution within the amazon area, parasite prevalence rates in relation to age and occupation and provides observations on the possible clinical impact of mansonella ozzardi. their publication a ...201425075790
mansonella ozzardi in the municipality of tefé, amazonas, brazil, 60 years after the first report: an epidemiologic study.the prevalence of mansonelliasis was studied in the municipality of tefé, state of amazonas, brazil. the prevalence (thick blood smear method) was 13.6% (147/1,078), higher in the solimões river region (16.3%) than in the tefé river region (6.3%). in the sampled communities in the solimões river region, a higher density of cases was observed, as indicated by a kernel analysis (odds ratio 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.20-0.57). males had a higher prevalence (χ2 = 31.292, p < 0.001) than women. ...201424863971
single molecule sequencing and genome assembly of a clinical specimen of loa loa, the causative agent of loiasis.more than 20% of the world's population is at risk for infection by filarial nematodes and >180 million people worldwide are already infected. along with infection comes significant morbidity that has a socioeconomic impact. the eight filarial nematodes that infect humans are wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, brugia timori, onchocerca volvulus, loa loa, mansonella perstans, mansonella streptocerca, and mansonella ozzardi, of which three have published draft genome sequences. since all have hu ...201425217238
sustained clearance of mansonella ozzardi infection after treatment with ivermectin in the brazilian amazon.therapy for mansonelliasis is challenging because there is no standard drug recommended for its treatment. this non-randomized study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a single dose of 0.15 mg/kg of ivermectin to reduce mansonella ozzardi microfilaraemia in infected persons. a total of 74 patients were studied within the municipality of lábrea, which is located in amazonas state, brazil. the patients were treated with ivermectin after detection of the parasite by blood examination. s ...201424710613
mansonella ozzardi (nematoda: onchocercidae) in the riverine population of the tefé river, state of amazonia, brazil.this study assessed the prevalence of mansonella ozzardi in riverine communities of the tefé river, amazonas, brazil.201424553803
epidemiologic survey of mansonella ozzardi in corail, haiti.an epidemiologic (cross-sectional study) survey on 462 inhabitants in corail, haiti showed that 16.5% were infected with mansonella ozzardi. this finding was determined from a single 20-μl sample of finger prick blood from each person. among children, < 2% had a detectable microfilaremia. in persons > 15 years of age, the prevalence of infection for males and females was 23% and 21%, respectively. in general, the microfilaremias were low and 70% of positive persons had < 10 microfilariae per 20 ...201424710617
[report of four clinical cases of filariasis in alto nanay, loreto].this study describes the clinical, parasitological and laboratory findings of four patients who lived in the district of alto nanay, maynas, loreto, peru and were infected with mansonella ozzardi microfilariae. clinical examinations by ophthalmologists, cardiologists and nephrologists were performed. in case 1, the presence of 2 subcutaneous lumps was the most important finding, one at dorsal level and the other in the lower third of the left leg; in case 2, there was a sensation of tingling or ...201324100830
plasmodium vivax and mansonella ozzardi co-infection in north-western argentina.a case of co-infection with plasmodium vivax and mansonella ozzardi was detected in a blood sample from a person who had shown symptoms of malaria and lived in a city that was close to the argentina/bolivia border. the case was detected during a random revision of thick and thin smears from patients diagnosed with malaria from various towns and cities located in north-western argentina between 1983 and 2001. trophozoites of p. vivax were observed in the thin blood smear along with m. ozzardi mic ...201323866313
genetic characterization of atypical mansonella (mansonella) ozzardi microfilariae in human blood samples from northeastern peru.dna sequence comparisons are useful for characterizing proposed new parasite species or strains. microfilariae with an atypical arrangement of nuclei behind the cephalic space have been recently described in human blood samples from the amazon region of peru. three blood specimens containing atypical microfilariae were genetically characterized using three dna markers (5s ribosomal dna, 12s ribosomal dna, and cytochrome oxidase i). all atypical microfilariae were clustered into the mansonella gr ...201222826497
mansonella ozzardi corneal lesions in the amazon: a cross-sectional study.to characterise and confirm the presence of mansonella ozzardi microfilariae in the cornea by biomicroscopy and corneal confocal microscopy.201223187969
improvement of a pcr test to diagnose infection by mansonella ozzardi.mansonelliasis is caused by mansonella ozzardi. it is widespread in the amazon region, with a high prevalence. the common exam of thick blood smears stained with giemsa shows low efficacy levels and has been an obstacle to diagnosing individuals with low blood parasitemia.201121779677
investigation of the occurrence of mansonella ozzardi in the state of rondônia, western amazonia, brazil.mansonella ozzardi, a human filarial nematode transmitted by diptera simuliidae flies (black flies), is widely spread in the amazon, while the occurrence of mansonelliasis in the state of rondônia (western amazonia) has not been reported thus far. the existence of this parasitic disease in this state is investigated in this study.201121877064
prevalence of mansonella ozzardi among riverine communities in the municipality of lábrea, state of amazonas, brazil.estimate the prevalence of mansonella ozzardi infection and calculate the parasitic infection rate (pir) in simuliid black flies in the municipality of lábrea, state of amazonas, brazil.201121468472
ivermectin-related adverse clinical events in patients treated for mansonella ozzardi infections.we report the occurrence of serious reactions after treatment with oral ivermectin in two patients with mansonella ozzardi infections. both had systemic and respiratory symptoms and recovered without sequelae. follow-up revealed clearance of microfilaremia in both cases, with relapse in one of them. these reactions are well described in the treatment of other filarial infections, but have not yet been reported in the treatment of m. ozzardi. we are now reporting the first such known reactions wi ...201121491068
mansonella ozzardi in amazonas, brazil: prevalence and distribution in the municipality of coari, in the middle solimões river.this study investigated some epidemiological aspects of the mansonella ozzardi in municipality of coari, amazonas. clinical symptoms were correlated with the filarial infection and the parasitic infection rates (pir) were estimated in simuliid vectors. the general m. ozzardi human prevalence rate was 13.3% (231/1733), of which 10.2% (109/1069) were from the urban area and 18.4% (122/664) from the rural area. the prevalence rates were higher in men (14.5% urban and 19.7% rural) than in women (6.7 ...201020512236
nested pcr to detect and distinguish the sympatric filarial species onchocerca volvulus, mansonella ozzardi and mansonella perstans in the amazon region.we present filaria-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which is based on amplification of first internal transcribed spacer rdna to distinguish three parasitic filarial species (onchocerca volvulus, mansonella ozzardi and mansonella perstans) that can be found in the amazon region. nested pcr-based identifications yielded the same results as those utilizing morphological characters. nested pcr is highly sensitive and specific and it detects low-level infections in both humans and vectors. no ...201020945000
towards novel antifilarial drugs: challenges and recent developments.filariasis is caused by thread-like nematode worms, classified according to their presence in the vertebrate host. the cutaneous group includes onchocerca volvulus, loa loa and mansonella streptocerca; the lymphatic group includes wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori and the body cavity group includes mansonella perstans and mansonella ozzardi. lymphatic filariasis, a mosquito-borne disease, is one of the most prevalent diseases in tropical and subtropical countries and is accom ...201021426193
mansonella ozzardi in brazil: prevalence of infection in riverine communities in the purus region, in the state of amazonas.this study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of mansonella ozzardi infection and to estimate the parasitic infection rate (pir) in simuliid black flies in the municipality of pauini, amazonas, brazil. we used thick blood films to examine 921 individuals in 35 riverine communities along the pauini and purus rivers. simuliids were caught in several communities. flies were identified, stained with haematoxylin and dissected. overall, 44 (24.86%) of 177 riverines were infected in communit ...200919274380
[occurrence of mansonella ozzardi (nematoda, onchocercidae) in riverine communities of the purus river, boca do acre municipality, amazonas state, brazil].the study aimed to estimate the prevalence of mansonella ozzardi and calculate the parasitic infection rate in simuliid blackflies. the research was conducted in communities on the purus river, boca do acre municipality, amazonas state, brazil. prevalence was measured using the thick smear method. captured blackflies were dissected to verify the parasitic infection rate. m. ozzardi prevalence was 27.30% (77/282). the study showed higher prevalence in men (31.97%) than women (22.22%), farmers (48 ...200919503972
molecular identification of wolbachia from the filarial nematode mansonella perstans.wolbachiae are bacterial endosymbionts of insects and many filarial nematodes whose products trigger inflammation in filarial infections. the dependence of the parasites on their endosymbionts has also led to the use of antibiotics directed against the wolbachiae, therapy that has been demonstrated to have a profound salutary effect on filarial infections. the identification of wolbachiae in mansonella species has been conclusively shown for mansonella ozzardi (mo), but not for mansonella persta ...200818538871
[ocular manifestations in mansonelliasis].to evaluate eye manifestations in mansonelliasis patients from coari, am, rural area on the middle amazonas river.200818516413
current profile of mansonella ozzardi (nematoda: onchocercidae) in communities along the ituxi river, lábrea municipality, amazonas, brazil.the objective of this paper was to describe the current status of mansonella ozzardi prevalence among the inhabitants of 12 communities along the ituxi river, in lábrea municipality, state of amazonas. the prevalence of m. ozzardi was determined using thick blood smears obtained by digital punctures. m. ozzardi was found in 30.23% of the samples collected (39/129), with similar prevalence between genders (males: 30.30%; females: 30.16%); the highest prevalence was found in homemakers (45.45%) fo ...200818660999
an atypical microfilaria in blood samples from inhabitants of brazilian amazon.an unidentified microfilaria sharing characteristics with mansonella ozzardi and onchocerca volvulus was detected in blood samples from seven human volunteers, inhabitants of a community in the border of amazonas and acre state. they were detected during epidemiological studies carried out in some communities along antimary, acre, and purus rivers in the brazilian amazon. the most striking difference was presented in the shape of the cephalic space from this microfilaria which was different from ...200818779979
passage of ingested mansonella ozzardi (spirurida: onchocercidae) microfilariae through the midgut of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).when virus and microfilariae are ingested concurrently by a mosquito, microfilariae (mf) may penetrate the mosquito midgut and introduce virus directly into the mosquito hemocoel, allowing mosquitoes to become infectious much sooner than normal and enhancing transmission of viruses by mosquitoes. mansonella ozzardi (manson) is a benign filarial nematode parasite of humans in latin america and is transmitted by black flies (diptera: simuliidae) and biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae). becaus ...200717294928
phylogeny of wolbachia pipientis based on glta, groel and ftsz gene sequences: clustering of arthropod and nematode symbionts in the f supergroup, and evidence for further diversity in the wolbachia tree.current phylogenies of the intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus wolbachia identify six major clades (a-f), termed 'supergroups', but the branching order of these supergroups remains unresolved. supergroups a, b and e include most of the wolbachiae found thus far in arthropods, while supergroups c and d include most of those found in filarial nematodes. members of supergroup f have been found in arthropods (i.e. termites), and have previously been detected in the nematode mansonella ozza ...200516339946
the morphological discrimination of microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus from mansonella ozzardi.there is no published account which allows the morphological discrimination of microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus and m. ozzardi from each other. however, they occur together in parts of brazil and venezuela, and presumably there is always the possibility that migration could establish new sympatric populations in the future. the objective of this study was to evaluate simple morphological characters that might be used for species-diagnosis of microfilariae. the conclusions were that the locat ...200312885185
molecular identification of wolbachia from the filarial nematode mansonella ozzardi.mansonella ozzardi, a filarial parasite of humans in latin america, has been shown to harbour intracellular bacteria not yet identified. here we show that these bacteria, like those of other filarial nematodes, belong to the genus wolbachia (alpha 2 proteobacteria; rickettsiales). their unambiguous placement in the wolbachia group was shown by 16s rdna sequence analysis. however, the exact position of the wolbachia from m. ozzardi relative to the other wolbachiae is not clear. indeed, 16s rdna s ...200111403387
characterisation of nuclear ribosomal dna sequences from onchocerca volvulus and mansonella ozzardi (nematoda: filarioidea) and development of a pcr-based method for their detection in skin biopsies.the internal transcribed spacer region (its1, 5.8s gene and its2) of the two filarial nematodes onchocerca volvulus and mansonella ozzardi was sequenced, and two species-specific primers designed in the its2 to develop a pcr-based method for their specific detection and differentiation. when used with a universal reverse primer, the two species-specific primers gave amplification products of different size, which were readily separated in an agarose gel. the pcr was tested on skin biopsies from ...200111239937
the specificity of an elisa for detection of onchocerca volvulus in brazil in an area endemic for mansonella ozzardi. 200111355551
simuliid blackflies (diptera: simuliidae) and ceratopogonid midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) as vectors of mansonella ozzardi (nematoda: onchocercidae) in northern argentina.mansonella ozzardi, a relatively nonpathogenic filarial parasite of man in latin america, is transmitted by either ceratopogonid midges or simuliid blackflies. in the only known focus of the disease in north-western argentina the vectors have never been incriminated. this study investigated the potential vectors of m. ozzardi in this area. the only anthropophilic species of these diptera families biting man at the time of the investigation were simulium exiguum, s. dinellii, culicoides lahillei ...200111391415
environmental factors and the distribution of mansonelliases in southern venezuela.the distribution of mansonelliases and their relation to various quantitative criteria were determined through the study of 1,057 subjects in 17 localities in ten regions of amazonas state and bolívar state. the total prevalence among the blood samples, determined through the knott technique, was 18.54%. 11.26% were parasited by mansonella perstans, 9.93% by mansonella ozzardi, and 2.63% by both species. the average of microfilaremia was 48.19 mf/ml of blood in m. perstans and 13.79 mf/ml in m. ...200010887651
regional genetic variation in the major sperm protein genes of onchocerca volvulus and mansonella ozzardi (nematoda: filarioidea).onchocerca volvulus and mansonella ozzardi are two human filarial parasites present in south and central america. in the brazilian amazonia they are found in sympatry, and the lack of clear morphological diagnostic characters in the microfilariae hinders their identification. the major sperm protein (msp) gene of both species has been sequenced and characterised to determine its potential as a molecular diagnostic character. the length of the msp gene is different in each species, and this could ...200011428336
first report of presumed parasitic keratitis in indians from the brazilian amazon.to describe corneal disorders in patients with systemic parasitic disease.200011095056
ict filariasis test in patients harbouring mansonella ozzardi. 200011123834
[filariasis in haiti: a century of history].wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella ozzardi are both endemic in haiti. over the last hundred years, these human parasites have been by turn investigated and disregarded. between 1894 and 1914, haitian physicians encouraged by dr. léon audain studied the clinical and biological impact of w. bancrofti in the numerous infested patients in port-au-prince. during the american occupation (1915-1934), the presence of m. ozzardi was recognized by a rockefeller mission and a first investigation of filari ...199910690476
mansonella ozzardi infection in bolivia: prevalence and clinical associations in the chaco region.a cross-sectional survey carried out in the chaco region of bolivia showed that 26% (77 of 296) and 0.7% (2 of 298) of the rural population of the camiri and villa montes areas, respectively, harbored mansonella ozzardi microfilariae (mf). no significant differences were observed between sexes. the lowest prevalence (9%) was in the 0-14-year-old age group, with no children <11 months of age infected. the prevalence increased sharply in the 25-34-year-old age group (32%), and continued increasing ...199910586920
ivermectin treatment of mansonellosis in trinidad.this study was conducted to determine the efficacy and long-term effects of an intervention programme based on a single dose of ivermectin (6 mg) administered during a double-blind placebo study of 40 persons with mansonella ozzardi infections in blanchisseuse, trinidad. after four years, ivermectin reduced microfilariae levels by 82.2%. short- and long-term effectiveness of the drug is contingent upon the initial microfilariae levels of the patient. we conclude that a single dose of ivermectin ...199910639847
circulating immune complexes in mansonella ozzardi infection. 199810396351
antiparasitic drugs.many different infections with protozoan and helminthic parasites are common global health problems. several protozoa are responsible for opportunistic infections in patients with aids. the newly developed drug, albendazole, has a strong activity against many nematode and cestode parasites. in the case of echinococcosis, it reduces the viability of protoscolices and cysts. its hepatic metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, is active against the larval cestodes. in the case of neurocysticercosis ...19968602186
mass chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine for the control of bancroftian filariasis: a twelve-year follow-up in northern trinidad, including observations on mansonella ozzardi.a microfilaria survey was conducted in trinidad in 1992, 12 years after mass treatment with spaced doses of diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec-c) for the control of bancroftian filariasis; 348 persons were examined using thick blood smears and a membrane filtration technique. they included 104 who had participated in the mass chemotherapy campaign in 1980. no wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae were detected among 66% of the population examined. in 1980, 86 of 592 persons examined were found to be i ...19957872448
ivermectin in human medicine.ivermectin is a potent macro-cyclic lactone causing paralysis in many nematodes and arthropods through an influx of chloride ions across cell membranes. it is currently the drug of choice for human onchocerciasis and shows potent microfilaricidal activity against the other major filarial parasites of human (wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, loa loa and mansonella ozzardi) but not against m. perstans. whether or not it also kills the adult-stage of these parasites is currently under study. ive ...19947814280
presence of annular rings on mansonella ozzardi microfilariae. 19947974689
qbc: rapid filaria diagnoses from blood--mansonella ozzardi and wuchereria bancrofti. 19948154007
mansonella ozzardi: the course of patency in experimentally-infected patas monkeys.twenty-five of 30 patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) inoculated with varying numbers (35 to 135) of third-stage larvae of mansonella ozzardi developed patent infections in an average of 163 days. there was no correlation between the size of the inoculum and the length of the prepatent period. ten of the monkeys were monitored thereafter by regular blood examination for extended periods of time in order to characterize the onset, course and duration of patency. typically, with the onset of patenc ...19938516634
tissue invasion by mansonella ozzardi in a patient with adenocarcinoma. 19921735311
[mansonelliasis in the southeast venezuelan orinoquia region].physical exam and skin biopsy were performed and peripheral blood samples drawn from 10% of the inhabitants of 26 jungle villages of the state of bolívar, venezuela. one hundred and fifty three indians and an inhabitant of mixed blood from 13 different communities were found to be infected with mansonelliasis representing a global index of 36.40% in the endemic area. the parasitosis was found to be concentrated in three areas. the largest, located in the southwest of the country and forming part ...19921307411
experimental infection of humans with filariae.this report summarizes the findings of the 17 published studies involving humans who have been experimentally infected with filarial parasites. over the past 60 years, 45 individuals have been deliberately infected with wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, brugia pahangi, loa loa, mansonella perstans, mansonella ozzardi, and/or onchocerca volvulus. the findings from these experimental infections of humans have helped define microfilarial survival and periodicity within human hosts, the prepatent ...19911962076
[excretion-secretion antigens from adult dirofilaria immitis in the diagnosis of human filariasis by solid phase immunoenzyme assay].the solid phase enzymatic immuno-assay (elisa) was normalized for detecting antibodies against. filaria using excretion-secretion antigens (esa) from dirofilaria immitis adults in a group of asymptomatic and microfilaraemic patients infected by different species of filariae (loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti, onchocerca volvulus, mansonella ozzardi and mansonella perstans), and in another group of symptomatic and aminorofilaraemic patients, temporary residents in an area with endemic loiasis. the es ...19919768181
specific and cross-reacting antibodies in human responses to onchocerca volvulus and dracunculus medinensis infections.immunoelectroblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to identify non-cross-reacting antigenic components of dracunculus medinensis and the filarial worms onchocerca volvulus, loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and mansonella ozzardi. parasite specific serodiagnostic elisa systems for onchocerciasis and dracunculiasis were devised based on these findings. phosphate buffered saline extracts of adult worms were passed through a column of monoclonal antibodies to phosphor ...19902138430
filariasis focus due to mansonella ozzardi and mansonella perstans in the amazon federal territory of venezuela.the presence of filariasis was investigated through knott's method in 40 curripaco indians from communities located on the casiquiare and guainia rivers in the amazon federal territory of venezuela. the results gave an 82.5% prevalence for infections with mansonella perstans and 30% for infections with m. ozzardi (mixed infections with m. perstans). in almost all the patients the parasite load was greater for m. perstans and varied between 1 and 327 microfilariae per ml. this paper presents for ...19902348493
specific detection of human antibodies to onchocerca volvulus.specific diagnosis of antibodies to onchocerca was achieved through (1) the construction of direct and indirect elisa systems, and (2) restricting elisa assays to the igg4 class. the direct elisa was based on the isolation of a surface derived, low molecular weight surface antigen preparation containing two main antigens (m. wt. 16.2 and 12.8 kda) as defined by western blot analysis. the direct elisa system detected antibodies in children of six years old, and may therefore be applicable to dete ...19892696081
clinical evaluation of mansonella ozzardi in haiti.the clinical evaluation of 150 individuals in bayeux, haiti, revealed no significant morbidity that could be attributed to infection with mansonella ozzardi. however, the distribution of patent infections and their microfilaria density were significantly affected by the age and sex of the individuals. also, the eosinophilic response was associated with the intensity of the microfilaremia when age was considered as a co-variable. the microfilaria rate was significantly higher in certain occupatio ...19892772513
onchocerciasis endemic in the state of bolivar, venezuela.microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus were demonstrated by single shoulder-skin biopsy in 42.8% of inhabitants of seven amerindian villages in an area of approximately 10,000 km2, near the brasilian roraima territory. the highest prevalence was found among the yanomama indians of chajuraña (84.6%, with a mean of 61.3 microfilariae per mg of skin). the six other communities were affected, but with lower prevalence and microfilaria skin densities. the absence of lymphoedema and the few subcutaneous ...19892604478
ivermectin in the successful treatment of a patient with mansonella ozzardi infection. 19873305722
[treatment with levamisole of infection by mansonella ozzardi]. 19863541142
mansonella ozzardi in haiti. iv. evaluation of antibody reactivity to heterologous antigens.sera from individuals in an area of haiti endemic for mansonella ozzardi were analyzed for reactivity to antigens of brugia pahangi, dirofilaria immitis, mansonella llewellyni or ascaris lumbricoides using either an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. igm and igg reactivity to all antigens was observed with sera from both microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic individuals when compared to reactivity of sera from individuals from nonendemic areas. antibod ...19863513647
development of mansonella ozzardi in the liverpool strain of aedes aegypti. 19853914123
[mansonella ozzardi in the federal territory of roraima, brazil. distribution and finding of a new vector in the area of surumu river].a survey conducted among the makuxi indians from 15 settlements in the northeastern part of the territory of roraima, brazil, revealed the occurrence of mansonella ozzardi in 3,2% (21/652) of the persons examined. the absence of demonstrable infection--with one exception--in persons under 15 years of age, and the low microfilaria density in adults suggest that mansonelliasis has been acquired by the makuxi indians outside their villages. as many indians from the region pan gold on the upper maú ...19853915764
experimental and natural infection of simulium sanchezi by mansonella ozzardi in the middle orinoco region of venezuela.experimental and natural infections of simulium sanchezi by mansonella ozzardi were studied in the area of síquita, territorio federal amazonas, venezuela. the microfilariae developed synchronously in the blackflies, reaching stage l3 in seven to eight days at temperatures between 23 degrees and 27 degrees c. larvae in different stages of development, including infective forms, were found in 0.6% of 662 unfed wild-caught females. these results confirm that simuliids are the main vectors of m. oz ...19853887680
a survey of filariasis among refugees in south florida.between january 1981 and march 1982, a filariasis survey was conducted among 668 haitian immigrants and 155 southeast asian refugees residing in florida, u.s.a. microfilariae were detected only in haitians, with 6.7% positive for wuchereria bancrofti and 1.3% positive for mansonella ozzardi. the majority of individuals with bancroftian filariasis came from five coastal urban areas including port-au-prince, duvalierville, gonaïves, leógane and cap-haitien. no unequivocal signs of bancroftian fila ...19846370004
filariasis in colombia: prevalence of mansonella ozzardi in the departamento de meta, intendencia del casanare, and comisaría del vichada.the prevalence and distribution of filarial infections among the inhabitants of adjacent regions of the departamento del meta, intendencia del casanare, and comisaría del vichada in northeastern colombia was determined by collection and examination of blood samples using the knott's method. mansonella ozzardi, the only species detected, was found in 2.5% of the samples collected in meta (6/243), in 4.9% from casanare (12/247) and in 2.5% from vichada (3/137). all of the microfilaria carriers wer ...19846364857
assessment of culicoides barbosai as a vector of mansonella ozzardi in haiti.studies in the southern peninsula of haiti showed that the biting midge, culicoides barbosai, was capable of supporting the development of mansonella ozzardi to the infective stage. the known vector, culicoides furens, also was encountered. both species showed distinct biting site preferences, i.e., 98% of the midges that engorged on the arms and head were c. barbosai whereas c. furens was collected mostly from the lower legs. nine days after engorgement, 19 infective larvae were recovered from ...19846391228
identification of an antigen of onchocerca volvulus of possible diagnostic use.adult onchocerca volvulus worms obtained by enzyme digestion from nodules of infected mexicans were radio-isotope labelled by the chloramine-t or bolton-hunter methods. no antigenic determinants were detected in extracts of worms labelled by the chloramine-t method but 3 antigens were detected in extracts of the bolton-hunter labelled worms. two were present in such small amounts that it was impractical to investigate them further, but a major component of mol. wt 20 kda was purified by gel filt ...19846504560
[mansonella ozzardi in darién (panama)]. 19846387821
[absence of response of mansonella ozzardi microfilaria in the diethylcarbamazine provocation test].one hundred and twelve inhabitants of an area endemic for m. ozzardi received 20 cmm capillary blood samples by finger prick before and 30 minutes after the ingestion of 100 mg of diethylcarbamazine citrate. no significant variations in microfilaremia were detected. thus, a provocative dose of dec would not appear to be helpful in sampling for mansonellosis in haiti.19836347418
filariasis in colombia: prevalence and distribution of mansonella ozzardi and mansonella (=dipetalonema) perstans infections in the comisaría del guainía.a survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of filarial infections among the inhabitants of comisaría. approximately 25% of the 604 individuals bled (knott's sample) harbored microfilariae; more men (29.7%) were infected than women (23.7%); approximately 6% were infected with mansonella (=dipetalonema) perstans, 13% with mansonella ozzardi, and 7% with both filariae. mansonella ozzardi was more common in men than in women, and its prevalence increased with age in both sex ...19836340542
ultrastructure of mansonella ozzardi microfilaria, with a comparison of the south american (simuliid-transmitted) and the caribbean (culicoid-transmitted) forms.ultrastructural studies conducted to elucidate and compare the microanatomy of the south american (simuliid-transmitted) and the caribbean (culicoid-transmitted) microfilariae of mansonella ozzardi revealed that these microfilariae are essentially identical. the only difference detected was the larger central body of the colombian microfilariae. although the microanatomy of m. ozzardi microfilaria is essentially the same as that of other microfilariae, some of the subtle differences noted betwee ...19836342239
the concentration of mansonella ozzardi microfilariae in skin capillaries.the densities of microfilariae of mansonella ozzardi in different regions of the body of infected individuals were studied. the density in venous blood closely approximated to that found in finger capillaries, but was significantly lower than the densities in capillaries of the scapular region and buttocks. a possible explanation for this concentration of microfilariae is the lack of glomi in these two sites, which consequently have a lower flow of blood than areas where glomi occur and where mi ...19836356501
assessment of leptoconops bequaerti as a potential vector of mansonella ozzardi in haiti.experimental studies in bayeux, haiti showed that the biting midge, leptoconops bequaerti, is capable of supporting the complete development of mansonella ozzardi but only on a very limited scale. this suggests that the species may not be involved in the natural transmission cycle despite its abundance and pestiferous nature in certain areas of haiti. a midge-holding container is described which markedly enhanced the survival of engorged l. bequaerti in the laboratory.19836625054
comparative morphology of mansonella ozzardi microfilariae from colombia and haiti. a light microscope study.comparative morphological studies were conducted at the light microscope level to determine whether any difference could be detected in thin smears, thick smears, or knott samples, between colombian (simuliid-transmitted) and haitian (culicoid-transmitted) mansonella ozzardi microfilaria. results indicated that the microfilariae from these two geographical areas are essentially identical. the small differences observed in the dimensions of microfilariae in thick and in thin smears can be attribu ...19836189271
similar patterns of acid phosphatase activity in mansonella ozzardi microfilariae from trinidad and guyana. 19836344358
crypto-periodicity in mansonella ozzardi.studying nycthemeral microfilarial density in eight carriers of mansonella ozzardi, nathan et al. concluded that there is an absence of periodicity in m. ozzardi in trinidad. re-examination of the results obtained shows evidence of crypto-periodicity. two of the eight patients showed highly significant periodicity but the biorhythms appear to be almost out of phase, the respective peaks being at 18.00 hours and 02.00 hours. the six other patients showed no obvious periodicity; the calculated acr ...19836353685
parasitological and clinical studies of wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella ozzardi in coastal north trinidad, west indies.a parasitological and clinical survey of wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella ozzardi was conducted in blanchisseuse, an isolated rural community of 650 people in coastal north trinidad. w. bancrofti microfilariae were found in 15% of the resident population and the prevalence was higher in males (19%) than in females (12%). microfilaraemias were undetected in children under 5 years of age but 12% of children and adolescents between 5 and 19 years of age were positive. microfilaraemias were mo ...19826760556
culicoides variipennis, a laboratory vector for the amazon form of mansonella ozzardi.the colonized midge, culicoides variipennis, is shown to be a competent laboratory host for the amazon form of mansonella ozzardi. it raises the possibility that certain culicoides spp. in the amazon region may support development of the parasite and possibly play a role in the natural transmission cycle.19827036768
mansonella ozzardi in haiti. iii. a comparison of the sensitivity of four sampling methods in detecting infections.a study to compare the sensitivity of four sampling methods in detecting mansonella ozzardi among 133 inhabitants of bayeux, haiti, is reported. the knott method proved the most sensitive with 40 microfilaria carriers detected. no additional infections were revealed by the other sampling methods. this was followed in order by 20 mm3 thick films of earlobe blood (34 cases), finger-prick blood (32 cases in the first sample), and skin biopsy (14 cases from paired samples). the combination of three ...19827041666
filariasis in colombia: presence of dipetalonema perstans in the comisaría del guainía.examination of 75 blood samples (knott preparation) collected in puerto inŕida, coco, and pajuil, in the comisaría del guainía, colombia, disclosed 26 microfilaria carriers. eighteen persons harbored only mansonella ozzardi microfilariae, three were infected with m. ozzardi and dipetalonema perstans and five harbored only d. perstans. m. ozzardi infections were found in whites, and in indians belonging to the curripaco, puinave, tukano, guanano and saliva tribes, but d. perstans was found only i ...19827044161
development of mansonella ozzardi in simulium amazonicum, s. argentiscutum, and culicoides insinuatus from amazonas, colombia.simulium amazonicum, s. argentiscutum and culicoides insinuatus were collected from the amazon region of colombia after having blood-fed on volunteers naturally infected with mansonella ozzardi. dissection of the specimens revealed that these species supported the development of the microfilaria of m. ozzardi to the infective stage. infective larvae were obtained from simulium within 7 days at temperatures ranging from 23-30 degrees c. s. argentiscutum ingested more microfilariae and had a corre ...19826756177
mansonella ozzardi: a redescription with comments on its taxonomic relationships.mansonella ozzardi is redescribed from adult worms collected from the subcutaneous tissues of patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) infected with a haitian strain of the filaria. the worms are small and very slender; females measure about 49 mm in length by 0.15 mm in diameter and males, 26 by 0.07 mm. haitian (caribbean) and colombian (amazon) forms of the filaria are morphologically identical, as are their microfilariae. mansonella is most closely related to tetrapetalonema. based on taxonomic pr ...19826756178
filariasis in amerindians of western guyana with observations on transmission of mansonella ozzardi by a simulium species of the amazonicum group.in order to conduct experimental infection studies of mansonella ozzardi in local haematophagous diptera, volunteers infected with this parasite were identified during a microfilaria survey in four amerindian villages in the pakaraima mountains of western guyana, near the brazilian border. m. ozzardi microfilariae were detected in thick blood smears from 8-21% of persons examined. they were also found in skin snips from 8/73 persons all of whom were positive by blood smear examination. no onchoc ...19826761913
mansonella ozzardi in haiti ii. arthropod vector studies.the present vector studies show that the biting midge, culicoides furens, serves as an intermediate host for mansonella ozzardi in haiti. a total of 3,430 c. furens were collected as they engorged on infected individuals. under the maintenance conditions described herein, the microfilaria required 9 days to reach the infective stage. approximately 43% of the midges survived, and from these 1,128 infective stage larvae were collected. this represents an overall infection rate of 0.76 larva per mi ...19817020451
susceptibility of laboratory primates to infection with mansonella ozzardi from man.the study was undertaken to determine primates were susceptible to infection with caribbean and/or amazon strains of mansonella ozzardi of man. twenty-three animals including three chimpanzees, four squirrel monkeys, one capuchin, five rhesus and 10 patas monkeys each received, by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection, 25-170 infective larvae of m. ozzardi harvested either from infected culicoides furens collected in haiti or simulium sp. (sanguineum complex) collected in the colombian amazo ...19817020456
microfilariae of mansonella ozzardi in human skin biopsies.microfilariae of mansonella ozzardi were seen in specimens of skin taken by biopsy from 4 of 6 subjects previously shown to be positive for microfilariae in the blood. while most of the microfilariae were confined to small blood vessels in the papillary and superficial reticular dermis, some were in perivascular spaces and a few were noted in the dermal interstitium. there was no microscopic evidence that the minimal cutaneous disease seen could be directly attributed to the microfilariae.19817025666
a parasitologic survey for mansonella ozzardi in the comisaría del vaupés, colombia.the prevalence of mansonella ozzardi in the comisaría del vaupés of eastern colombia was investigated as part of an extensive study of human filariasis in colombia. three hundred and forty-seven individuals from various parts of vaupés were examined. the overall infection rate for m. ozzardi was 49%, but the distribution of the parasite was not uniform throughout the comisaría. microfilariae were found in both venous blood samples and ski biopsies of infected individuals. the rate of infection w ...19806986097
simulium species of the amazonicum group as vectors of mansonella ozzardi in the brazilian amazon.experimental infection with mansonella ozzardi of common haematophagous diptera collected at a ticuna indian village on the upper reaches of the solimões river in the brazilian amazon, showed that simulium amazonicum and simulium n.sp. are capable of supporting full development of the parasite. natural infections with this filaria were found in both species including infective larvae in simulium n.sp. no development of m. ozzardi occurred in mansonia amazonensis, culicoides insinuatus or lepisel ...19807010699
mansonella ozzardi in haiti. i. epidemiological survey.a survey of 1,165 inhabitants of bayeux, haiti revealed that 16% were infected with mansonella ozzardi. this was determined from a single 20 mm3 sample of finger prick blood from each individual. amont children and young adults (< 20 years of age), fewer than 2% had detectable microfilaremias. beyond this age the prevalence of infection for males and females was 49% and 24%, respectively. the microfilariae circulate in the peripheral blood with no significant periodicity. in general, the microfi ...19806969037
mansonella ozzardi infections in indians of the southwestern part of the state of bolivar, venezuela.mansonella ozzardi infections were found in 80/139 (58%) of indians living in the forest of the upper caura river basin located in the southwestern part of bolivar state, venezuela. in four (3%) of the blood samples a second type of microfilaria which could not be identified was also found.19806992608
development of mansonella ozzardi in a black fly species of the simulium sanguineum group from eastern vaupés, colombia.development of the microfilaria of mansonella ozzardi to the infective stage in a species of the simulium sanguineum group from the mitú area, comisaría del vaupés, colombia is described. development was synchronous, and by day 6 third-stage larvae were observed in the head of flies which had fed on two naturally infected volunteers. simulium biting activity was high from january-march, during the dry season. only 261 blood-fed culicoides were collected from an infected volunteer; 40% of 43 diss ...19807004217
extended cryopreservation of mansonella ozzardi microfilariae concentrated from human peripheral blood.microfilariae of mansonella ozzardi, concentrated from human blood, frozen with a cryoprotectant chemical, and stored at liquid or vapor-phase liquid nitrogen temperatures were motile when thawed after 2.5 years of preservation.19806989278
microfilaria bolivarensis: a new species of filaria from man in venezuela.an unsheathed microfilaria, unlike any other already described from man, was found in thick blood smears and knott samples taken from amerinds living along the upper caura river in bolivar state, venezuela. the mirofilaria, which measures 256 x 7-8 micrometers in thick blood smears and 300 x 8 micrometers in knott samples, is easily differentiated morphologically from mansonella ozzardi with which it often occurs concomitantly. it is readily differentiated, on morphological criteria, from all ot ...19807406105
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