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hygienic characteristics and microbiological hazard identification in horse and donkey raw milk.today the interest toward horse (equus caballus) and donkey (equus asinus) milk for human consumption is receiving a renewed attention because of its particular composition, hypoallergenicity, and nutraceutical properties. the realistic perspective of global use of this aliment in balanced diets, especially for infancy and geriatrics, poses the need for a more in depth knowledge on milk hygiene and on the health status of dairy animals, as a prerequisite of consumers' safety. the aim of this pap ...201727033528
key role of the carboxyl terminus of hyaluronan synthase in processive synthesis and size control of hyaluronic acid polymers.the essential pathophysiological roles of hyaluronic acid (ha) strongly depend on ha binding and ha size. here we deployed the atomic vision of molecular dynamics (md) simulation to experimentally investigate the influence of c-terminal mutations of streptococcus equisimilis hyaluronan synthase (sehas) on ha product synthesis in escherichia coli. r413 was vital for ha production, as the removal or mutation of r413 led to inactivation of sehas. md simulations indicated that r406-r413 constituted ...201728192668
molecular characterization of invasive streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. multicenter study: argentina 2011-2012.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) has virulence factors similar to those of streptococcus pyogenes. therefore, it causes pharyngitis and severe infections indistinguishable from those caused by the classic pathogen. the objectives of this study were: to know the prevalence of sdse invasive infections in argentina, to study the genetic diversity, to determine the presence of virulence genes, to study antibiotic susceptibility and to detect antibiotic resistance genes. conventio ...201728341023
potential factors enabling human body colonization by animal streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) is a pyogenic, lancefield c or g streptococcal pathogen. until recently, it has been considered as an exclusive animal pathogen. nowadays, it is responsible for both animal infections in wild animals, pets, and livestock and human infections often clinically similar to the ones caused by group a streptococcus (streptococcus pyogenes). the risk of zoonotic infection is the most significant in people having regular contact with animals, such as ...201728314902
infective endocarditis and infected aneurysm caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis: a case report.endocarditis caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) is rare. infected aneurysm is one of the most serious complications of infective endocarditis. however, no reports have described sdse-related infected aneurysm. we herein report a successfully treated case of sdse-associated infective endocarditis with an infected aneurysm.201728174648
hyaluronan synthase assembles hyaluronan on a [glcnac(β1,4)]n-glcnac(α1→)udp primer and hyaluronan retains this residual chitin oligomer as a cap at the nonreducing end.class i hyaluronan synthases (has) assemble [glcnac(β1,4)glcua(β1,3)]n-udp at the reducing end and also make chitin. streptococcus equisimilis has (sehas) also synthesizes chitin-udp oligosaccharides, (glcnac-β1,4)n-glcnac(α1→)udp (weigel et al glycobiol. 25, 632-643, 2015). here we determined if has uses chitin-udps as primers to initiate ha synthesis, leaving the non-ha primer at the nonreducing (nr) end. ha made by sehas membranes was purified, digested with streptomyces lyase, and hydrophobi ...201728138013
sorption studies of diethylketone in the presence of al(3+), cd(2+), ni(2+) and mn(2+), from lab-scale to pilot scale.the toxic effects of diethylketone (dek) in aqueous solution with different concentrations of al(3+), cd(2+), ni(2+) and mn(2+) were evaluated at lab-scale. it was established that streptococcus equisimilis is able to efficiently remove dek with different concentrations with heavy metals. it was proved that this joint-system has excellent capacity to biodegrade high concentrations of dek in the presence of al(3+), cd(2+), ni(2+) and mn(2+). with the exception of al(3+), the uptake for all metals ...201728054835
hyaluronan synthase control of synthesis rate and hyaluronan product size are independent functions differentially affected by mutations in a conserved tandem b-x7-b motif.hyaluronan synthases (has) normally make large (>mda) hyaluronan (ha) products. smaller ha fragments (e.g. 100-400 kda) produced in vivo are associated with inflammation and cell signaling by ha receptors that bind small, but not large, ha. although ha fragments can arise from breakdown by hyaluronidases, has might also be regulated directly to synthesize small ha. here we examined the streptococcus equisimilis has (sehas) c-terminus, which contains a tandem b-x7-b motif (k(398)-x7-r(406)-x7-k(4 ...201727558839
genetic diversity in streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates from patients with invasive and noninvasive infections in a japanese university hospital (2014-2015).streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) isolates with β-hemolysis and carbohydrate groups g or c are increasingly recovered from invasive infections in japan. the aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of sdse isolates circulating locally among patients with invasive and noninvasive infections. we selected groups g/c β-hemolytic streptococci from a repository at the clinical laboratory of kitasato university medical center, from may 2014 through april ...201727000456
a rare case of spontaneous acute bacterial arthritis of the glenohumeral joint attributed to streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. 201726288541
development of a multiplex pcr for identification of β-hemolytic streptococci relevant to human infections and serotype distribution of invasive streptococcus agalactiae in thailand.a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr) was developed for simultaneous detection (single reaction) of genes specific to five frequent clinically relevant β-hemolytic streptococcal species: streptococcus pyogenes (spy1258), streptococcus agalactiae (cfb and cpn60), streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (16s-23s intergenic spacer) , s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (esaa and sord), and streptococcus anginosus group (moac). no cross-reaction was observed with other bacterial species. this ...201728666619
multifocal septic arthritis, gluteal abscess and spondylodiscitis by streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis after an intramuscular injection.we present the case of a 63-year-old man, admitted for hand cellulitis and acute kidney injury. a streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis (sdse) was isolated in blood cultures and despite directed intravenous antibiotherapy, the patient evolved unfavourably, with dorsolumbar spondylodiscitis, multifocal septic arthritis and abscesses. ct also showed densification of the gluteal muscles, multiple air bubbles in the psoas, paraspinal muscles and spinal canal that were associated with an intra ...201728724597
acute bacterial meningitis and systemic abscesses due to streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis infection.disseminated abscesses due to group g β-hemolytic streptococcus dysgalactiae were observed in a 57-year-old cirrhotic patient with the skin being the putative way of entry for the pathogen. s. dysgalactiae is a rare agent in human infections responsible for acute pyogenic meningitis. the mortality rate associated with s. dysgalactiae bacteraemia and meningitis may be as high as 50%, particularly in the presence of endocarditis or brain abscesses. in our patient, main sites of infections were men ...201728512590
draft genome sequence of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strain c161l1 isolated in vellore, india.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis belongs to the β-hemolytic group c and g pyogenic group of streptococci. here, we report the draft genome of the s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strain c161l1 from vellore, a region in southern india with a high incidence rate of s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis infection. this genome is 2.1 mb long, with a 39.82% g+c content, and encodes 2,022 genes.201728495783
prevalence of complement-mediated cell lysis-like gene (sicg) in streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates from japan (2014-2016).streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse; a β-hemolytic streptococcus of human or animal origin) infections are emerging worldwide. we evaluated the clonal distribution of complement-mediated cell lysis-like gene (sicg) among sdse isolates from three central prefectures of japan.201728445008
molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of clinical streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in beijing, china.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) is presently considered as a human pathogen associated with clinical infection. we characterized 56 sdse isolates collected from two tertiary hospitals in beijing, china. sixteen distinct emm types/subtypes were detected, dominated by stg245.0 (32.1%), stg652.0 (10.7%), stg6.1 (10.7%) and stg485.0 (10.7%), and a novel stg840.0 variant type was identified. all isolates possessed virulence genes of saga and scpa, and most carried slo (98.2%), sk ...201626925701
a highly susceptible cd46 transgenic mouse model of subcutaneous infection with streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis.the streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (sdse) possesses clinical similarities to group a streptococcus (gas) and has recently been recognized as a causative pathogen of life-threatening streptococcal infections. human membrane cofactor protein (cd46), a complement regulatory protein ubiquitously expressed on every cell type except for erythrocytes, has been implicated as a receptor for human-specific pathogens including gas. in the present report, sdse strain ggs_124 was isolated ...201626908231
severe invasive streptococcal infection by streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.streptococcus pyogenes, a group a streptococcus (gas), has been recognized as the causative pathogen in patients with severe invasive streptococcal infection with or without necrotizing fasciitis. in recent epidemiological studies, streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) has been isolated from severe invasive streptococcal infection. complete genome sequence showed that sdse is the closest bacterial species to gas, with approximately 70% of genome coverage. sdse, however, lacks seve ...201626762200
molecular characterization of invasive streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, japan.we collected β-hemolytic streptococci (1,611 isolates) from patients with invasive streptococcal infections in japan during april 2010-march 2013. streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) was most common (n = 693); 99% of patients with sdse infections were elderly (mean age 75 years, sd ±15 years). we aimed to clarify molecular and epidemiologic characteristics of sdse isolates and features of patient infections. bacteremia with no identified focus of origin and cellulitis were the m ...201626760778
beta-hemolytic streptococcus dysgalactiae strains isolated from horses are a genetically distinct population within the streptococcus dysgalactiae taxon.the pathogenic role of beta-hemolytic streptococcus dysgalactiae in the equine host is increasingly recognized. a collection of 108 lancefield group c (n = 96) or l (n = 12) horse isolates recovered in the united states and in three european countries presented multilocus sequence typing (mlst) alleles, sequence types and emm types (only 56% of the isolates could be emm typed) that were, with few exceptions, distinct from those previously found in human streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimi ...201627530432
streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolated from infections in dogs and humans: are current subspecies identification criteria accurate?streptococcus dysgalactiae is a pyogenic species pathogenic both for humans and animals. until recently, it has been considered an exclusive animal pathogen causing infections in wild as well as domestic animals. currently, human infections are being reported with increasing frequency, and their clinical picture is often similar to the ones caused by streptococcus pyogenes. due to the fact that s. dysgalactiae is a heterogeneous species, it was divided into two subspecies: s. dysgalactiae subsp. ...201627502064
recurrent sdse bacteraemia resulting in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in a patient with noonan syndrome.a 19-year-old man with chronic lymphoedema due to noonan syndrome presented at our hospital with septic shock and pain in his lower leg. blood cultures were positive for streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis (sdse), resulting in a diagnosis of cellulitis with toxic involvement. he was treated with ampicillin for 3 weeks. although he did well for 6 weeks, septic shock recurred. blood culture again revealed sdse, with the strain being identical to the first episode, suggesting that this inf ...201627485878
first molecular evidence of intrauterine and surgical-site infections caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) is infrequently associated with maternal infections during delivery in pregnant women. a rare case is presented of a woman with intrauterine infection and surgical-site infection due to sdse after cesarean section, which had colonized her genital tract and, via the ascending pathway, reached her intact fetal membrane. all isolates were identified as streptococcus lancefield group g, and their emm genes that coded m protein belonged to stg6.1. the isolate ...201627367018
antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relationships among streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates in rio de janeiro.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) has been increasingly associated with several infectious diseases, ranging from pharyngitis to life-threatening conditions, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. however, its molecular epidemiology in some geographical areas remains unclear.201627301015
throat culture positivity rate and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of beta-hemolytic streptococci in children on secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic heart disease.among children diagnosed to have chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease (rhd) in ethiopia, many have been observed to develop recurrence of rheumatic fever (rf) despite secondary prophylaxis. this study determined the throat culture positivity rate and drug susceptibility pattern of beta hemolytic streptococci (bhs) isolated from children attending a specialized cardiac clinic in ethiopia.201627663649
description and characterization of a penicillin-resistant streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis clone isolated from blood in three epidemiologically linked patients.during a 27 month period, we detected four incidents of penicillin-resistant (pr) streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) isolated from blood cultures of three patients.201627585966
sequential necrotizing fasciitis caused by the monomicrobial pathogens streptococcus equisimilis and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli.necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressing bacterial infection of the superficial fascia and subcutaneous tissue that is associated with a high mortality rate and is caused by a single species of bacteria or polymicrobial organisms. escherichia coli is rarely isolated from patients with monomicrobial disease. further, there are few reports of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. coli associated with necrotizing fasciitis. we report here our treatment of an 85-year-old man who ...201626912298
etiology of cellulitis and clinical prediction of streptococcal disease: a prospective study.background.  the importance of bacteria other than group a streptococci (gas) in different clinical presentations of cellulitis is unclear, commonly leading to treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. the aim of this study was to describe the etiological and clinical spectrum of cellulitis and identify clinical features predicting streptococcal etiology. methods.  we prospectively enrolled 216 patients hospitalized with cellulitis. clinical details were registered. bacterial culture was perfor ...201626734653
genome sequence and virulence factors of a group g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strain with a new element carrying erm(b).a streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) strain wchsdse-1, which caused an outbreak of tonsillopharyngitis among healthcare workers in china, was subjected to genome sequencing and analysis. wchsdse-1 belongs to the lancefield group g, emm type stg211.1 and sequence type 44. wchsdse-1 has virulence factors for adherence, impairing the recruitment of neutrophils to infection sites and toxins including streptolysins o and s and exotoxin g. wchsdse-1 has a 45.4-kb element resembling a ...201626843282
identification of group g streptococci isolates from companion animals in japan and their antimicrobial resistance.this study determined species-level identification and antimicrobial resistance (amr) properties in group g streptococci (ggs) isolates from companion animals in japan. strains were isolated from sterile/non-sterile specimens of 72 animals with clinical symptoms or signs in april-may, 2015. we identified them based on 16s rrna sequencing, mass spectrometry (ms), and an automated method based on their biochemical properties. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined with broth microdilution met ...201628003600
streptolysin s of streptococcus anginosus exhibits broad-range hemolytic activity.streptococcus anginosus is a commensal of mucous membranes and an emerging human pathogen. some strains, including the type strain, display a prominent β-hemolytic phenotype. a gene cluster (sag), encoding a variant of streptolysin s (sls) has recently been identified as the genetic background for β-hemolysin production in s. anginosus. in this study, we further characterized the hemolytic and cytolytic activity of the s. anginosus hemolysin in comparison with other streptococcal hemolysins. the ...201525381594
hyaluronan synthase assembles chitin oligomers with -glcnac(α1→)udp at the reducing end.class i hyaluronan synthases (hass) assemble a polysaccharide containing the repeating disaccharide [glcnac(β1,4)glcua(β1,3)]n-udp and vertebrate hass also assemble (glcnac-β1,4)n homo-oligomers (chitin) in the absence of glcua-udp. this multi-membrane domain cazy gt2 family glycosyltransferase, which couples ha synthesis and translocation across the cell membrane, is atypical in that monosaccharides are incrementally assembled at the reducing, rather than the non-reducing, end of the growing po ...201525583822
increased cytotoxicity and streptolysin o activity in group g streptococcal strains causing invasive tissue infections.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) has emerged as an important cause of severe skin and soft tissue infections, but little is known of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying tissue pathology. patient samples and a collection of invasive and non-invasive group g sdse strains (n = 69) were analyzed with respect to virulence factor expression and cytotoxic or inflammatory effects on human cells and 3d skin tissue models. sdse strains efficiently infected the 3d-skin model and severe ...201526601609
assessment and characterization of biofilm formation among human isolates of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.the capacity to form biofilm is considered a protective mechanism that allows the bacteria to survive and proliferate in hostile environments, facilitating the maintenance of the infectious process. recently, biofilm has become a topic of interest in the study of the human pathogen group a streptococcus (gas). although gas has not been associated with infection on medical implants, the presence of microcolonies embedded in an extracellular matrix on infected tissues has been reported. despite th ...201526558847
prevalence of emm types and antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in austria.an increase of severe infections caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) similar to infections caused by streptococcus pyogenes has been reported over the last years. little is known about infections with sdse in austria. therefore, we investigated a collection of 113 sdse invasive and non-invasive isolates from different infection sites and type of infections as well as patients' characteristics.201526507866
draft genome sequences of four genetically distinct human isolates of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.β-hemolytic group c and group g streptococci (gcs-ggs; streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis) emerged as human pathogens in the late 1970s. we report here the draft genome sequences of four genetically distinct human strains of gcs-ggs isolated between the 1960s and 1980s. comparative analysis of these genomes may provide a deeper understanding of gcs-ggs genome and virulence evolution.201526430051
seropositivity for antibodies to drs-g, a virulence factor from streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, is an independent risk factor for poststreptococcus glomerulonephritis and chronic kidney disease in mumbai, india.the disease spectrum caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis resembles that of s. pyogenes (group a streptococcus [gas]). these two bacterial species are closely related and possess many common virulence characteristics. while some gas strains express virulence factors called streptococcal inhibitor of complement (sic) and distantly related to sic (drs), some s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates express an orthologue of drs, which is referred to as drs-g. we reported previ ...201526084513
small plasmids in streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolated from human infections in southern india and sequence analysis of two novel plasmids.small plasmids are frequently found in s. pyogenes isolates from human infections in india. streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) is a streptococcal subspecies that is genetically similar to s. pyogenes and has a similar ecology. therefore, we determined the distribution of small plasmids in a collection of 254 sdse isolates, comprising 44 different emm-types and emm non-typable strains, from southern india, utilizing an established pcr based method. briefly, 1.2% (n=3) of the iso ...201525769407
group c streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in south-east brazil: genetic diversity, resistance profile and the first report of human and equine isolates belonging to the same multilocus sequence typing lineage.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) isolates are the most common group c streptococci in humans and reports of invasive infections associated with sdse have been increasing. molecular epidemiology studies are an important strategy to trace the emergence and spread of possible well-fit bacterial pathogens of humans and animals. in this work, we analysed the antimicrobial and clonal profiles of 115 sdse infection and colonization isolates of human and equine origin. pfge revealed ...201525752850
prevalence of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus in a sample of healthy dogs, cats and horses.to estimate the prevalence of β-haemolytic lancefield group c streptococci in healthy dogs, cats and horses; to determine if frequent contact with horses was associated with isolation of these species from dogs and cats; and to characterise recovered s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates by multilocus sequence typing.201525695401
streptokinase production from streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis sk-6 in the presence of surfactants, growth factors and trace elements.streptokinase is an extracellular protein secreted by various strains of streptococci and is used clinically as an intravenous thrombolytic agent for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. it is well established that the fibrinolytic activity of streptokinase originates in its ability to activate plasminogen. the present investigation was carried out to determine the extent of streptokinase production by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis sk-6, in the presence of surfactants, g ...201528324574
streptococcal endocarditis in a captive southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum).postmortem examination of a 43-yr-old male southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) revealed gross lesions and histopathologic findings consistent with endocarditis. the animal was born in umfolozi national park, south africa, and then it was moved at 2 yr of age to two successive european zoologic collections. for several weeks prior to death, the animal was increasingly recumbent or assuming a dog-sitting position. postmortem examination revealed cutaneous pressure sores and multi ...201425314832
[spondylodiscitis by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (group g)]. 201424940896
pcr based differentiation between streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains isolated from humans and horses.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) can be severely pathogenic in humans and is increasingly isolated from horses with respiratory, reproductive or other diseases, although it is often considered a commensal bacterium. here a pcr protocol is described for identifying sdse recovered from humans. a multiplex pcr targeting the 16s rrna and the streptokinase precursor gene has been optimized for differentiating between sdse strains isolated from humans and those isolated from horses ...201424813401
streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia: an emerging infection.the importance of group c and g streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis) as a significant pathogen has recently been better recognized. s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis disease can range in severity from milder skin and soft-tissue conditions such as wound infection, erysipelas, and cellulitis, to life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, thus sharing the clinical picture with s. pyogenes. the most common clinic ...201424682845
two cases of cardiac device-related endocarditis due to streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (group c or g streptococci).cardiac device-related endocarditis is a very rare clinical manifestation of s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis disease. this pathogen is a common cause of cellulitis. we here report two cases of cardiac device-related endocarditis due to streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. blood cultures yielded this pathogen and both patients had recurrent bacteremia. transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed lead vegetations. this is a new description of this pathogen to cause car ...201424678588
drsg from streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis inhibits the antimicrobial peptide ll-37.sic and drs are related proteins present in only 4 of the >200 streptococcus pyogenes emm types. these proteins inhibit complement-mediated lysis and/or the activity of certain antimicrobial peptides (amps). a gene encoding a homologue of these proteins, herein called drsg, has been identified in the related bacterium streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. here we show that geographically dispersed isolates representing 14 of 50 emm types examined possess variants of drsg. however, not a ...201424664506
correlation of virulence genes to clinical manifestations and outcome in patients with streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis bacteremia.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) is increasingly recognized as a human pathogen responsible for invasive infection and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss). the pathogen possesses virulence genes that resemble those found in streptococcus pyogenes (gas). we analyzed the association between these specific toxic genes, clinical presentations, and outcome in patients with sdse infections.201424210866
horizontal gene transfer and recombination in streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) is a human pathogen that colonizes the skin or throat, and causes a range of diseases from relatively benign pharyngitis to potentially fatal invasive diseases. while not as virulent as the close relative streptococcus pyogenes the two share a number of virulence factors and are known to coexist in a human host. both pre- and post-genomic studies have revealed that horizontal gene transfer (hgt) and recombination occurs between these two organ ...201425566202
transmission of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis between child and dog in an aboriginal australian community.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse), also known as group g and c streptococci, is becoming increasingly recognized as a pathogen in humans. we report here the finding of an identical strain of sdse in the throat of a child and their dog in an aboriginal australian community. the strain was identified using the api 20strep system, 16s rrna gene sequencing, emm sequence typing (emmst) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) as a group c sdse, stc839.5 and st-3. carriage of this stra ...201423745768
chromosomal islands of streptococcus pyogenes and related streptococci: molecular switches for survival and virulence.streptococcus pyogenes is a significant pathogen of humans, annually causing over 700,000,000 infections and 500,000 deaths. virulence in s. pyogenes is closely linked to mobile genetic elements like phages and chromosomal islands (ci). s. pyogenes phage-like chromosomal islands (spyci) confer a complex mutator phenotype on their host. spyci integrate into the 5' end of dna mismatch repair (mmr) gene mutl, which also disrupts downstream operon genes lmrp, ruva, and tag. during early logarithmic ...201425161960
conjugative transfer of icesde3396 between three β-hemolytic streptococcal species.integrative conjugative elements (ices) are mobile genetic elements (mges) that possess all genes necessary for excision, transfer and integration into recipient genome. they also carry accessory genes that impart new phenotypic features to recipient strains. ices therefore play an important role in genomic plasticity and population structure. we previously characterised icesde3396, the first ice identified in the β-hemolytic streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis (sdse) and demonstrated i ...201425115242
genetic diversity and virulence properties of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis from different sources.a recent increase in virulence of pathogenic streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) has been widely proposed. such an increase may be partly explained by the acquisition of new virulence traits by horizontal gene transfer from related streptococci such as streptococcus pyogenes (gas) and streptococcus agalactiae (gbs). a collection of 54 sdse strains isolated in italy in the years 2000-2010 from different sources (paediatric throat carriage, invasive and non-invasive diseases) was ...201424149625
antibiotic susceptibilities, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin gene profiles among clinical isolates of group c or g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis & of group g s. anginosus group at a tertiary care centre.group c and group g streptococci (together gcgs) are often regarded as commensal bacteria and their role in streptococcal disease burden is under-recognized. while reports of recovery of gcgs from normally sterile body sites are increasing, their resistance to macrolides, fluoroquinolone further warrants all invasive β haemolytic streptococci to be identified to the species level and accurately tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. this study was aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical pr ...201424820839
vang element insertions within a conserved chromosomal site conferring vancomycin resistance to streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus anginosus.three vancomycin-resistant streptococcal strains carrying vang elements (two invasive streptococcus agalactiae isolates [gbs-ny and gbs-nm, both serotype ii and multilocus sequence type 22] and one streptococcus anginosus [sa]) were examined. the 45,585-bp elements found within sa and gbs-ny were nearly identical (together designated vang-1) and shared near-identity over an ~15-kb overlap with a previously described vang element from enterococcus faecalis. unexpectedly, vang-1 shared much less h ...201425053786
fournier's gangrene of the penis caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis: case report and incidence study in a tertiary-care hospital.fournier's gangrene is a rare necrotizing soft tissue infection of the scrotum and penis. we report, to our knowledge, the first case of fournier's gangrene caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse), a strain of pyogenic β-hemolytic streptococci that is increasingly being recognized as an important human pathogen.201323957431
bacterial diskospondylitis in juvenile mink from 2 ontario mink farms.nine juvenile mink with hind-limb paresis/paralysis from 2 ontario farms were submitted for necropsy. diagnostic tests revealed spinal compression and severe thoracic diskospondylitis with intralesional gram-positive coccoid bacterial colonies. streptococcus canis, streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, and hemolytic staphylococcus spp. were isolated from vertebral lesions.201324155490
multilocus sequence analysis of streptococcus canis confirms the zoonotic origin of human infections and reveals genetic exchange with streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.streptococcus canis is an animal pathogen that occasionally causes human infections. isolates recovered from infections of animals (n = 78, recovered from 2000 to 2010 in three european countries, mainly from house pets) and humans (n = 7, recovered from 2006 to 2010 in portugal) were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods and characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and emm typing. s. canis isolate ...201323345291
[streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis].a 46-year-old woman was urgently admitted to our hospital due to acute renal failure, liver dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock status, and impaired consciousness. about 1 day prior to admission, she developed a high-grade fever, bilateral lower leg pain, and multiple small papules. she was diagnosed with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss) caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) associated with acute myeloid leukemia. the emm gene type of the ...201323470831
in vitro characterization of plysk1249, a novel phage lysin, and assessment of its antibacterial activity in a mouse model of streptococcus agalactiae bacteremia.beta-hemolytic streptococcus agalactiae is the leading cause of bacteremia and invasive infections. these diseases are treated with β-lactams or macrolides, but the emergence of less susceptible and even fully resistant strains is a cause for concern. new bacteriophage lysins could be promising alternatives against such organisms. they hydrolyze the bacterial peptidoglycan at the end of the phage cycle, in order to release the phage progeny. by using a bioinformatic approach to screen several be ...201324100496
interspecies mobilization of an ermt-carrying plasmid of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis by a coresident ice of the icesa2603 family.the recently documented presence of almost identical, small, non-self-transmissible, erm(t)-carrying plasmids in clonally unrelated erythromycin-resistant isolates of streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus agalactiae suggests that these plasmids somehow circulate in the streptococcal population. the objective of this study was to characterize the erm(t)-carrying genetic element in a clinical isolate of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sde5580) and to provide a possible explanatio ...201322949621
pitfalls in screening streptococci for retrieving superior streptokinase (sk) genes: no activity correlation for streptococcal culture supernatant and recombinant sk.streptokinase (sk), the heterogeneous protein family secreted by some groups of β-hemolytic streptococci (βhs), is a plasminogen activator and well-known drug for thrombolytic therapy. differences in plasminogen activation property of streptococcal culture supernatants (scs) have been traditionally used to identify superior producer strains and sk genes (skc) for recombinant sk (rsk) production. however, the role of sk heterogeneity and whether sk activities in scs correlate with that of their c ...201323096406
adult invasive and noninvasive infections due to streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in france from 2006 to 2010.we characterized 182 streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates and analyzed the epidemiological data on the corresponding infections. stg6, stg485, and stg6792 were the 3 most prevalent invasive emm types among the 27 different emm types recovered. high rates of antimicrobial resistance were observed for macrolides (26.4%) and tetracycline (34.6%).201323698531
a fatal case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome due to streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis possibly caused by an intramuscular injection.an 88-year-old man died of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome due to a group g streptococcus infection that was possibly caused by an intramuscular injection given 30 hours earlier in his right deltoid muscle. the causative pathogen was later identified to be streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (stg485). although providing intramuscular injections is an essential skill of health care workers that is performed daily worldwide, it may constitute a port of entry for pathogens via skin bre ...201323370754
complete genome sequence of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis 167 carrying lancefield group c antigen and comparative genomics of s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) is an emerging human pathogen that causes life-threatening invasive infections such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. recent epidemiological studies reveal that invasive sdse infections have been increasing in asia, europe, and the united states. almost all sdse carry lancefield group g or c antigen. we have determined the complete genome sequence of a human group c sdse 167 strain. a comparison of its sequence with that of four sdse stra ...201323918808
concomitant regulation of host tissue-destroying virulence factors and carbohydrate metabolism during invasive diseases induced by group g streptococci.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) has lancefield group g or c antigens. recent epidemiological studies reveal that invasive sdse infections have been increasing in asia, europe, and the united states. the mechanisms and key virulence factors by which sdse causes invasive diseases are poorly understood.201323901096
interspecies communication among commensal and pathogenic streptococci.quorum sensing (qs) regulates diverse and coordinated behaviors in bacteria, including the production of virulence factors, biofilm formation, sporulation, and competence development. it is now established that some streptococci utilize rgg-type proteins in concert with short hydrophobic peptides (shps) to mediate qs, and sequence analysis reveals that several streptococcal species contain highly homologous rgg/shp pairs. in group a streptococcus (gas), two shps (shp2 and shp3 [shp2/3]) were pre ...201323882015
necrotizing soft tissue infections caused by streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis of groups c and g in western norway.streptococcus pyogenes (group a streptococcus, gas) is a major cause of necrotizing soft tissue infection (nsti). on rare occasions, other β-haemolytic streptococci may also cause nsti, but the significance and nature of these infections has not been thoroughly investigated. in this study, clinical and molecular characteristics of nsti caused by gas and β-haemolytic streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis of groups c and g (gcs/ggs) in western norway during 2000-09 are presented. clinical ...201323795951
bioremoval of diethylketone by the synergistic combination of microorganisms and clays: uptake, removal and kinetic studies.the performance of two bacteria, arthrobacter viscosus and streptococcus equisimilis, and the effect of the interaction of these bacteria with four different clays on the retention of diethylketone were investigated in batch experiments. the uptake, the removal percentages and the kinetics of the processes were determined. s. equisimilis, by itself, had the best performance in terms of removal percentage, for all the initial diethylketone concentrations tested: 200, 350 and 700 mg/l. the uptake ...201322752815
hyaluronan synthase polymerizing activity and control of product size are discrete enzyme functions that can be uncoupled by mutagenesis of conserved cysteines.streptococcus equisimilis hyaluronan (ha) synthase (sehas) contains four cysteines (c226, c262, c281 and c367) that are conserved in the mammalian has family. previous studies of single cys-to-ser and all possible cys-to-ala mutants of sehas found that: the cys-null mutant is active, cys modification inhibits has activity and the conserved cysteines are clustered at the membrane-enzyme interface in substrate-binding sites (kumari k, weigel ph. 2005. identification of a membrane-localized cystein ...201222745284
the hyaluronan synthase catalyzes the synthesis and membrane translocation of hyaluronan.hyaluronan (ha), an extracellular linear polysaccharide of alternating n-acetyl-glucosamine and glucuronic acid residues, is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates, where it affects a broad spectrum of physiological processes, including cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. the ha polymer is synthesized on the cytosolic side of the cell membrane by the membrane-embedded hyaluronan synthase (has). however, the process by which the extremely hydrophilic ha polymer is translocated across the ...201222343360
a case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome due to group g streptococci identified as streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.a 79-year-old man with a 3-month history of lymphedema of the lower limbs, and diabetes mellitus, was admitted to our hospital for suspected deep venous thrombosis. several hours after admission, leg pain and purpura-like skin color appeared. on the 2nd hospital day, he was referred to our department for possible acute occlusive peripheral artery disease (pad) and skin necrosis with blisters; however, computed tomography with contrast showed no occlusive lesions. he had already developed shock a ...201222327489
lancefield group g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis: an unusual aetiology of perianal streptococcal dermatitis acquired from heterosexual oral-anal intercourse.perianal streptococcal dermatitis (psd) is an uncommon superficial cutaneous infection of the perianal area, almost exclusively described in children and mainly caused by group a streptococci. we report here a case of psd caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, lancefield group g, in an adult man due to heterosexual oral-anal sexual contact.201223258838
hyaluronan synthase mediates dye translocation across liposomal membranes.hyaluronan (ha) is made at the plasma membrane and secreted into the extracellular medium or matrix by phospolipid-dependent hyaluronan synthase (has), which is active as a monomer. since the mechanism by which ha is translocated across membranes is still unresolved, we assessed the presence of an intraprotein pore within has by adding purified streptococcus equisimilis has (sehas) to liposomes preloaded with the fluorophore cascade blue (cb).201222276637
optimization of flask culture medium and conditions for hyaluronic acid production by a streptococcus equisimilis mutant nc2168.a mutant designated nc2168, which was selected from wild-type streptococcus equisimilis cvcc55116 by ultraviolet ray combined with(60)co-γ ray treatment and does not produce streptolysin, was employed to produce hyaluronic acid (ha). in order to increase the output of ha in a flask, the culture medium and conditions for nc2168 were optimized in this study. the influence of culture medium ingredients including carbon sources, nitrogen sources and metal ions on ha production was evaluated using fa ...201224031987
[problems with identification of beta-hemolytic streptococcus resistant to bacitracin isolated from patients with pharyngitis].the genus streptococcus comprises a number of species characterized by a differential pathogenic potential. these bacteria can be considered as members of microbial physiological flora but they can also cause mild infections or severe, life threatening conditions. the majority of infections of streptococcal etiology are caused by beta-hemolysing species. the predominant causative agent of bacterial pharyngitis is streptococcus pyogenes. this species usually doesn't give rise to any identificatio ...201222808724
molecular characterization of group g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis recovered from patients and healthy people in china.beta-hemolytic group g streptococci cause a considerable invasive disease burden and sometimes disease outbreaks. little is known about the critical epidemiologic parameter of genetic relatedness between isolates. we determined the emm types of 65 streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates. we formulated multilocus sequence typing (mlst) primers with 6 of the 7 loci corresponding to the streptococcus pyogenes mlst scheme. we performed mlst with 69 s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis i ...201222078907
Post-operative ocular infection due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis.Ocular infections due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis are rare. In the present report, three patients with a history of uncomplicated small incision cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation developed exogenous endophthalmitis due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. The identification of the organisms was confirmed by PCR for a 16S rRNA sequence specific to the species S. dysgalactiae. Intravitreal treatment of cefazolin and amikacin, in addition to topic ...201121997945
invasive infection caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis: characteristics of strains and clinical features.among clinically isolated β-hemolytic streptococci, streptococcus pyogenes and s. agalactiae were considered the main pathogens in humans until recently. in 1996, s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) was proposed as a novel taxon among human-derived streptococcal isolates. sdse has lancefield group c or g antigens, exhibits strong β-hemolysis, and exerts streptokinase activity upon human plasminogen and proteolytic activity upon human fibrin. similarly to group a streptococci, sdse possesse ...201120607346
complete genome sequencing and analysis of a lancefield group g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strain causing streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss).streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) causes invasive streptococcal infections, including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss), as does lancefield group a streptococcus pyogenes (gas). we sequenced the entire genome of sdse strain ggs_124 isolated from a patient with stss.201121223537
lateral gene transfer of streptococcal ice element rd2 (region of difference 2) encoding secreted proteins.the genome of serotype m28 group a streptococcus (gas) strain mgas6180 contains a novel genetic element named region of difference 2 (rd2) that encodes seven putative secreted extracellular proteins. rd2 is present in all serotype m28 strains and strains of several other gas serotypes associated with female urogenital infections. we show here that the gas rd2 element is present in strain mgas6180 both as an integrative chromosomal form and a circular extrachromosomal element. rd2-like regions we ...201121457552
virulence gene pool detected in bovine group c streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae using a group a streptococcus pyogenes virulence microarray.a custom designed microarray containing 220 virulence genes of s. pyogenes (gas) was used to test group c streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (gcs) field strains causative of bovine mastitis and group c or group g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (gcs/ggs) isolates from human infections - the latter used for comparative purposes - for the presence of virulence genes. all bovine and all human isolates carried a fraction of the 220 genes (23% and 39%, respectively). the vir ...201121525223
isolation and characterization of β-haemolytic-streptococci from endometritis in mares.the objective of this manuscript was to validate published pcr-based methods for detection of β-haemolytic streptococci by comparison with established bacteriological techniques using 85 clinical isolates recovered from uterine swabs of mares with clinical signs of endometritis and to determine the distribution of seel/seem and szel/szem superantigens in isolates of streptococcus equi subsp. equi (s. equi) and s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus). the conventional bacteriological tech ...201121570219
high-level fluorescence labeling of gram-positive pathogens.fluorescence labeling of bacterial pathogens has a broad range of interesting applications including the observation of living bacteria within host cells. we constructed a novel vector based on the e. coli streptococcal shuttle plasmid pat28 that can propagate in numerous bacterial species from different genera. the plasmid harbors a promoterless copy of the green fluorescent variant gene egfp under the control of the camp-factor gene (cfb) promoter of streptococcus agalactiae and was designated ...201121731607
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of garenoxacin against group g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.in this study, garenoxacin showed potent in vitro activity against clinical isolates of group g streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis [minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of the organisms (mic(90))=0.125++g/ml] and was superior to levofloxacin (mic(90)=1++g/ml) and moxifloxacin (mic(90)=0.25++g/ml). in experimental pneumonia caused by group g s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in mice, the effective dose for 50% survival (ed(50)) of garenoxacin following single oral administration w ...201121726983
[A case of acute septic osteomyelitis onset due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in an elderly diabetic patient].Group C streptococci are increasingly causing invasive infections such as that we report here. A 70-year-old man being treated for diabetes and seen at the emergency room for neck pain and fever was hospitalized for possible sepsis. His temperature was 39.8 degrees C, regular pulse 101 bpm, and pain reinforced in flexing and cervical rotation. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) was cultured from blood. Neck pain gradually decreased with of 2 million units PCG 6 times/day. Magne ...201122117379
molecular mechanisms of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp equisimilis enabling intravascular persistence.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) can cause recurrent bacteremic infection. we have characterized novel virulence properties of an sdse isolate of type stg485.0 that caused severe sepsis three times in a patient despite that he had opsonizing antibodies to the isolate. an infected aortic aneurysm was suspected to be the focus for the persisting bacteria. for the first time we show that this sdse isolate, as well as other invasive sdse isolates, aggregate human platelets and ef ...201122100875
clustered conserved cysteines in hyaluronan synthase mediate cooperative activation by mg(2+) ions and severe inhibitory effects of divalent cations.hyaluronan synthase (has) uses udp-glcua and udp-glcnac to make hyaluronan (ha). streptococcus equisimilis has (sehas) contains four conserved cysteines clustered near the membrane, and requires phospholipids and mg(2+) for activity. activity of membrane-bound or purified enzyme displayed a sigmoidal saturation profile for mg(2+) with a hill coefficient of 2. to assess if cys residues are important for cooperativity we examined the mg(2+) dependence of mutants with various combinations of cys-to ...201125267933
fermentation, fractionation and purification of streptokinase by chemical reduction method.streptokinase is used clinically as an intravenous thrombolytic agent for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and is commonly prepared from cultures of streptococcus equisimilis strain h46a. the objective of the present study was the production of streptokinase from strain h46a and purification by chemical reduction method.201122347582
case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by streptococcus equisimilis.we report a rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by streptococcus equisimilis. a 74-year-old woman with endocarditis developed endogenous endophthalmitis. the patient underwent emergency mitral valvuloplasty, and intravitreal and subconjunctival injections of vancomycin and meropenem. after the surgery, she was treated with topical antibiotics, ointment, intravenous gentamicin and intravenous penicillin g potassium. the causative organism was identified as s. equisimilis. s. equisimili ...201020823933
neonatal streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.we report a neonatal infection with streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis occurring through maternal transmission and presenting as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome 12 hours after birth. pediatricians and obstetricians should be aware of the possibility of this infectious disease when examining newborns with fever. these observations suggest that antenatal maternal screening for s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis should be considered.201020879096
prevalence of a streptococcal inhibitor of a complement-mediated cell lysis-like gene (sicg) in streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates (n = 110) were analyzed by pcr to determine whether the gene encoding sicg, a homolog of streptococcus pyogenes sic, was present. nineteen strains (17%) had this gene of which 11 (55%) were isolated from patients with invasive disease. all 19 strains possessed group g carbohydrate. molecular characterization of emm type revealed that the majority of emm sequences were stg643 and stg2078. only the n-terminal sequence of sicg was similar to th ...201021046393
inverse association between lancefield group g streptococcus colonization and sore throat in slum and nonslum settings in brazil.group g streptococcus has been implicated as a causative agent of pharyngitis in outbreak situations, but its role in endemic disease remains elusive. we found an unexpected inverse association of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis colonization and sore throat in a study of 2,194 children of 3 to 15 years of age in salvador, brazil.201021048010
endocarditis-associated brain lesions in slaughter pigs.left-sided valvular endocarditis (lsve) is a common finding in slaughter pigs. the lesion is often associated with renal thromboembolism, but information on embolization to other organs is sparse. this study focuses on the presence and type of endocarditis-associated brain lesions (eabls). the brains of 20 slaughter pigs with spontaneously arising lsve and 11 controls were examined by sectioning half of a formalin-fixed brain into 4mm slices for histological examination. the aetiology of the end ...201021168147
molecular emm genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections.to analyse the characteristics of infections caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, clinical isolates (n=145) were collected at 11 medical institutions between september 2003 and october 2005. these isolates belonged to lancefield group a (n=5), group c (n=18) or group g (n=122). among all isolates, 42 strains were isolated from sterile samples such as blood, synovial fluid and tissue specimens from patients who were mostly over 50 years with invasive infections, and included s ...201019745030
disease burden due to streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (group g and c streptococcus) is higher than that due to streptococcus pyogenes among mumbai school children.streptococcus pyogenes [group a streptococcus (gas)], a human pathogen, and streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis [human group g and c streptococcus (ggs/gcs)] are evolutionarily related, share the same tissue niche in humans, exchange genetic material, share up to half of their virulence-associated genes and cause a similar spectrum of diseases. yet, ggs/gcs is often considered as a commensal bacterium and its role in streptococcal disease burden is under-recognized. while reports of th ...201019833781
clinical aspects of invasive infection with streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in elderly patients.the number of patients with severe invasive infections (mainly exhibiting bacteremia) with streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (sdse) has been increasing worldwide. we herein report the clinical aspects of invasive infections (cellulitis, pneumonia, and urosepsis) occurring with sdse in 13 elderly patients (mean age 84 years, range 69-99 years) diagnosed at a hospital for elderly individuals during the period january 2005-june 2009. ten subjects had underlying diseases, including neuro ...201020052513
fluoroquinolone resistance in streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and evidence for a shared global gene pool with streptococcus pyogenes.quinolone resistance is an emerging problem in streptococcus pyogenes, and recombination with streptococcus dysgalactiae dna has been implicated as a frequent mechanism leading to resistance. we have characterized a collection of s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates responsible for infections in humans (n = 314) and found a high proportion of levofloxacin-resistant isolates (12%). resistance was associated with multiple emm types and genetic lineages, as determined by pulsed-field gel ele ...201020145082
two unusual cases of severe soft tissue infection caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.we present two cases of invasive infection caused by streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, one that showed rapidly developing necrotizing fasciitis in a previously healthy man and one that showed severe cellulitis and septic shock even though the bacterium possessed a mutated emm gene, predicted to encode a truncated m protein.201020147644
detection of streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in equine nasopharyngeal swabs by pcr.streptococcus (s.) dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis is responsible for severe diseases in humans, including primary bacteraemia, pneumonia, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome. infection in some animal species can also occur, although a few studies have looked into cross-species infectivity. in horses, s. equisimilis is generally considered infrequent or opportunistic, but has recently been isolated from cases of strangles-like disease. rapid and sensitive diagnostic techniques could enable ep ...201020195067
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