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socio-demographic correlates of rhinosporidiosis: a hospital-based epidemiologic study in purulia, india.the present paper attempts to explore the socio-demographic profile of patients with rhinosporidiosis in an endemic area. a cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary-care hospital in purulia district, india, including consecutive patients with histologically-proved rhinosporidiosis. their socio-demographic profiles were obtained through a pre-designed proforma with given epidemiologic parameters. data was statistically analyzed with inputs from literature review. of the 39 patients inc ...201728239590
an unusual cause of recurrent bloody tear.we describe a female patient who presented with watering followed by swelling in the left infraorbital area of 5 years duration. she had previously been prescribed topical antibiotics on several occasions with no improvement. on pressure over the swelling, there was blood-tinged discharge from the left eye and nostril. magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing, well-defined mass lesion in the inferomedial aspect of the left orbit, likely of nasolacrimal origin. computed tomography dacryoc ...201728574000
disseminated rhinosporidiosis with conjunctival involvement in an immunocompromised patient.rhinosporidiosis is a granulomatous infection of mucocutaneous tissue caused by rhinosporidium seeberi that most commonly occurs in the nasal cavity. ocular rhinosporidiosis affects primarily the conjunctiva. diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis is based on strong clinical suspicion and is confirmed by histopathological examination. we report a rare case of conjunctival rhinosporidiosis in an immunocompromised patient (human immunodeficiency virus) with disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis. a 44-yea ...201728546693
rhinosporidiosis: the largest case series in brazil.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infection of the mucous membrane and is caused by rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic mesomycetozoan. the mode of infection is probably transepithelial penetration. the large number of rivers and lakes and the strong presence of riparian populations in the state of maranhão are strong predisposing factors for rhinosporidiosis.201727598634
subcutaneous rhinosporidiosis masquerading as soft tissue tumor: diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous lesion caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it frequently involves nasopharynx and ocular region. presenting as cutaneous and subcutaneous mass is extremely rare. this report describes the fna cytology of rhinosporidiosis occurring as a soft tissue mass in the right mid thigh region. we present a rare case of a 71-year-old male, who presented with multiple subcutaneous soft tissue mass lesions in the posteromedial aspect of mid right thigh region since 2 ...201725814750
rhinosporidiosis presenting as an oropharyngeal mass: a clinical predicament?rhinosporidiosis, is a chronic granulomatous disease presenting as a polypoidal mass in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx caused by rhinosporidium seeberi and is endemic in india and sri lanka. diagnosis is mainly by clinical observations and is confirmed by histopathology. we report a case of atypical rhinosporidiosis that presented as an oropharyngeal mass and mimicked chronic tonsillitis. hence possibility of this atypical rhinosporidiosis should be included in the clinical differential diagno ...201725810674
two rare cases of rhinosporidiosis of parotid duct: case reports and review of literature.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infective disease caused by fungi, rhinosporidium seeberi. it can occur universally, is endemic in india, sri lanka and in south asia, mainly reported from southern india and sri lanka. rhinosporidiosis is a chronic disease classically involving nose and nasopharynx and presents as a localized polypoid mass. rhinosporidiosis involving parotid duct is rare. we encountered two cases of rhinosporidiosis at extremely unusual extranasal site-parotid duct, p ...201725593884
rhinosporidiosis of lacrimal sac: an interesting case of orbital swelling.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic localized granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic protistan parasite belonging to a clade, mesomycetozoea. infestation of rhinosporidiosis to the eye and adnexa is termed oculosporidiosis, in such cases, conjunctival mucosa is mostly involved; however in our case, it involved only the lacrimal sac and deeper periorbital tissue and presented as a case of orbital swelling. surgical excision of the lesion was done, postoperatively dapsone the ...201727003980
rhinosporidium seeberi nuclear cycle activities using confocal microscopy.rhinosporidium seeberi is an uncultivated ichthyosporean infecting animals, including humans. recent studies suggested r. seeberi undergoes synchronized nuclear division without cytokinesis. we used confocal microscopy to investigate r. seeberi nuclear division cycles in formalin-fixed tissues stained with dapi and phalloidin. we report that r. seeberi nuclei in juvenile and intermediary sporangia synchronously divided without cytokinesis. intermediary sporangia display numerous 3-4 μm nuclei at ...201626461427
educational report: a case of lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis.this article reports a presentation of lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis and informs the reader of this uncommon but important diagnosis. a 36-year-old man from pakistan presented with a 3-month history of swelling at the nasal aspect of the left lower lid. this was associated with occasional crepitus and slight localised discomfort, but no epiphora. there was a palpable fullness near the left medial canthus associated with telecanthus but a normal sac washout and normal eye examination otherwise. p ...201627541939
a retrospective epidemiological study of rhinosporidiosis in a rural tertiary care centre in pondicherry.rhinosporidiosis is an age old endemic scourge which has affected various parts of the world, most notably india and sri lanka. although a large body of literature exists regarding this problem, postoperative recurrence rates continue to vary, and the effect of public health education in the eradication of this disease has not been taken into account.201627437252
rhinosporidiosis of parotid duct presenting as consecutive bilateral facial swelling: a rare case report and literature review.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. sporadic cases of rhinosporidiosis has been reported from many countries but is endemic in southern india (madurai, ramnad, rajapalayam and sivaganga), nepal, bangladesh and sri lanka. this disease commonly affects the mucous membrane of the nose or naso-pharynx and presents as a leafy, polypoidal mass. the reported extranasal sites include the oro-pharynx, eye, ear, larynx, trachea, bronchi, skin and genital ...201627134935
elusive treatment for human rhinosporidiosis.the aim of this study was to clarify the contentious taxonomic classification of rhinosporidium seeberi, the cause of human rhinosporidiosis, which may have treatment implications.201627109109
rhinosporidiosis: a chronic tropical disease in lateral pharyngeal wall.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it predominantly affects the mucous membranes of the nose and the nasopharynx. clinically the lesion presents as a pink or red pedunculated polyp in one or both nostrils. diagnosis can be made by aspiration cytology and examination with may-grunwald-giemsa, hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff and mucicarmine staining. definitive diagnosis is by histopathology of the specimen. we report a case of rhinosp ...201526155503
rhinosporidiosis of the tarsal conjunctiva.rhinosporidiosis is a rare infection caused by rhinosporidium seeberi, an organism classified in its own class, mesomycetozoea. it commonly affects mucus membranes namely the nasal mucosa, pharynx and the conjunctiva. we present the case of an 8-year-old female who presented with a flat, red, vascular, fleshy, pedunculated mass arising from the tarsal conjunctiva of the right upper eyelid. the mass was completely excised. on histopathological examination, multiple sporangia were seen in various ...201526139814
rhinosporidiosis presenting as a facial swelling: a case report.rhinosporidiosis caused by rhinosporidium seeberi is a fungal infection, which affects chiefly the mucus membranes of the nose, oropharynx, and nasopharynx, as well as the larynx, skin, eyes, and genital mucosa. soil and water act as a reservoir for the organism. here, we present a case of rhinosporidiosis, which clinically manifested as a facial swelling indicating that fungal infections should also be considered as one of the differential diagnoses whenever facial swellings are encountered.201525859110
ocular rhinosporidiosis presenting as recurrent chalazion.rhinosporidiosis, a granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi, is widely prevalent in sri lanka and southern parts of india. besides the eye, the lacrimal passage and nasal cavity are affected. the most common ocular involvement is a subconjunctival bleeding mass. our case, a 9-year-old girl from a rural background with a history of pond water bathing, presented with a marginal chalazion involving the left lower lid. she had a history of chalazion involving the same site three month ...201522986579
oculosporidial polyp infected secondarily by enterobius vermicularis.oculosporidiosis caused by rhinosporidium seeberi is a common infectious disease of south india. here we are reporting a rare case of oculosporidial polyp containing another parasite enterobius vermicularis as a co infection. this is the first report of its kind in literature. a nine year old school going girl from a rural area presented with a reddish polypoidal lesion from conjunctiva along with complaints of severe itching over it. on examination, the polyp measured 5 mm × 5 mm in size, reddi ...201425337525
strawberry-shaped lesion on the chest: cutaneous rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous condition caused by the pathogen rhinosporidium seeberi which frequently involves the nasopharynx and occasionally affects the skin. the disease has been reported from across the globe but the highest incidence has been from south india and sri lanka. this disease is commonly seen in adult men and the possible mode of transmission to humans is thought to be by direct contact with spores through dust, infected clothing, fingers, and swimming in stagnant ...201425593803
cytodiagnosis of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis: a study of 16 cases from endemic area.extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis is not uncommon in endemic region like india. clinical presentations of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis lesion often lead to diagnostic dilemma. cytology can help in the preoperative diagnosis of such lesions.201425328331
rhinosporidiosis: an unusual presentation.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that primarily affects the mucous membranes of the nose and nasopharynx. it is caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. clinically it presents as a reddish, bleeding, polypoid mass with a characteristic strawberry-like appearance on its surface, which is caused by the presence of mature sporangia. in the case described here, a 35-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of a slowly growing polypoid mass in his left nasal cavity. the surface of th ...201425025417
[conjunctival rhinosporidiois diagnosed in a biopsy specimen].11 years old girl, from south region of chile, without history of travels outside chile nor the province, complaints of red eye with blepharitis and blood-tingued epiphora. eye exam revealed a pseudomembrane. clinical diagnosis was folicular conjunctivitis. a surgical removal was performed and the lesion sent to biopsy analysis. on microscopic examination numerous 50-150 microm cysts with keratinous wall and numerous endospores were found. rinosporidiosis is an infection caused by rhinosporidium ...201424878912
infestation of the lacrimal sac by rhinosporidium seeberi: a clinicopathological case report.rhinosporidium seeberi , till recently known as a fungus, has been reclassified as a protistan parasite. it infects humans and many animal species. the authors describe a rare case of oculosporidiosis with involvement of the lacrimal sac exhibiting features of idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease in a young male patient. clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis have been discussed.201324212311
osseous involvement in rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it usually affects the mucocutaneous tissue of the nose. bone involvement is rare. we report a case of rhinosporidiosis of the nasopharynx which later involved the right little finger where ray amputation was performed.201324133316
rhinosporidiosis of the left wrist joint: a case report.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it usually occurs in the mucous membranes of nose, nasopharynx, and eyes, and less commonly in extra nasal sites such as skin, bones, genitalia, and even the internal organs. rhinosporidiosis occurs in the wrist joint with isolated bony involvement is rare. we report one such case in a 50-year-old man who presented with a non-tender, fixed swelling over his anterolateral aspect of left forearm. radiography and ...201324014794
laryngotracheal rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it usually affects mucous membranes of the nose, nasopharynx, and ocular conjunctiva. cutaneous, laryngeal, tracheal, genital, and bony dissemination is rare. laryngotracheal involvement poses many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. a 45-year-old south indian man presented with complaints of a mass in both nostrils for 2 years, associated with progressive hoarseness of voice and difficulty in breathing for ...201323904313
novel multidrug therapy for disseminated rhinosporidiosis, refractory to dapsone – case report.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder, caused by rhinosporidium seeberi endemic in india and sri lanka. the most common sites are the nasal mucosa and the nasopharynx and cutaneous lesions usually occur as a part of disseminated rhinosporidiosis. dapsone has been frequently used in treating disseminated disease in immunocompetent individuals. here we report a case of disseminated rhinosporidiosis in an immunocompromised individual on antiretroviral drugs, non-responsive to dapsone ...201323796478
presumptive synchronized nuclear divisions without cytokinesis in the rhinosporidium seeberi parasitic life cycle.despite numerous studies of the rhinosporidum seeberi parasitic phase, the stages of its nuclear cycle leading to the formation of endoconidia have yet to be properly described. r. seeberi resists culture and can only be investigated on histological preparations. we have evaluated tissue sections collected from 35 host species with rhinosporidosis searching for the presence of mitotic figures during sporangia development. this study found that soon after endoconidia release, the prominent reddis ...201323619000
endobronchial rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. we report a rare case of rhinosporidiosis, with involvement of the skin, nasal cavity, larynx, oropharynx, and the bronchial tree. the patient underwent bronchoscopic electrocautery excision of the endobronchial lesion with good symptomatic improvement.201323609254
rhinosporidiosis in the parotid duct: a rare case report.endemic to south india and sri lanka, rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by an agent of uncertain taxonomy: rhinosporidium seeberi. although it commonly manifests as a proliferative nasal lesion, many cases of rhinosporidiosis have been reported where it has appeared as an extranasal lesion. the reported extranasal sites include the eye, ear, trachea, and parotid duct. however, the involvement of the parotid duct is quite rare, even among extranasal sites. the case pres ...201323371913
clinicopathological study of rhinosporidiosis with special reference to cytodiagnosis.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infective disorder caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it usually presents as a soft polypoidal pedunculated or sessile mass. nose and nasopharynx are the commonest sites, followed by conjunctiva, maxillary sinuses, penis, urethra.201223326028
rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is chronic granulomatous parasitic infection caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. the organism is now classified under mesomycetozoa as a parasite. it predominantly affects mucous membrane of nose and nasopharynx but other sites are also involved. it is non-contagious sporadic disease which is notorious for its high rate of recurrence and vascularity. we report a 32 years old indian male who presented in outpatient department of rafha central hospital with complaint of recurrent ep ...201223058157
recurrent lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis involving the periocular subcutaneous tissues, nasolacrimal duct and nasopharynx.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infection caused by the organism rhinosporidium seeberi. it is endemic in parts of southern india and sri lanka, but rarely seen outside these areas. the infection predominantly affects the nasal mucosa; however, it can also affect the ocular surface and adnexa. we present a case of rhinosporidiosis initially involving the lacrimal sac, with recurrence in the periocular subcutaneous tissues, nasolacrimal duct and nasopharynx.201223030407
the taxonomy and phylogenetics of the human and animal pathogen rhinosporidium seeberi: a critical review.rhinosporidum seeberi is the etiologic agent of rhinosporidiosis, a disease of mucous membranes and infrequent of the skin and other tissues of humans and animals. because it resists culture, for more than 100 years true taxonomic identity of r. seeberi has been controversial. three hypotheses in a long list of related views have been recently introduced: 1) a prokaryote cyanobacterium in the genus microcystis is the etiologic agent of rhinosporidiosis, 2) r. seeberi is a eukaryote pathogen in t ...201222504725
giant mass conjunctival rhinosporidiosis causing severe mechanical ectropion.rhinosporidiosis is a granulomatous disease of the mucous membrane caused by rhinosporidium seeberi, an organism of uncertain taxonomic position, most probably a fungus. it usually infects mucous membrane of the nose and nasopharynx but may infect mucous membrane of all other parts even the skin. inoculation of the eye and related structures are grouped as oculosporidiosis. in this case of a 50 years old male agriculturist from remote village had complaints of a mass protruding out from the palp ...201223360029
rhinosporidiosis affecting multiple parts of the body.rhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic granulomatous condition caused by a fungus (rhinosporidium seeberi). it has been seen mainly in southern india, sri lanka and pakistan. this is the first published report of a patient with multiple rhinosporidiosis. he had lesions in the nares, in multiple areas of the skin, in the external urethral meatus, glans of penis and the perineum.201222785545
rhinosporidiosis of the parotid duct presenting as a parotid duct cyst - a report of three cases.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. rhinosporidiosis has been reported from many countries but is endemic in certain parts of india and sri lanka. the common sites of involvement are the nose and nasopharynx followed by ocular tissue. rhinosporidiosis is also known to involve many rare sites and may become disseminated to occur in a generalized form. rhinosporidiosis of the parotid duct is rare and only five reported cases could be found in the ...201222361775
human nasal rhinosporidiosis: a case report from malawi.rhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease, characterised by polypous lesions of the mucous membrane. commonly affects the mucous membrane of the naso-pharynx, conjunctiva and palate. its causative agent is rhinosporidium seeberi. the disease is more prevalent in the indian subcontinent, but remains quite rare in our environment. we hereby present a case description of a 70 year old native malawian male with a polypoid nasal rhinosporidiosis. patient presented with long standing hi ...201122355433
ocular rhinosporidiosis with staphyloma formation: a case with unusual features.a case of ocular (bulbar) rhinosporidiosis is described; its unusual features included a) the rapid development of a primary, rhinosporidial lesion with a scleral staphyloma, close to but noncontiguous with the rhinosporidial lesion, 3 weeks after exposure to a lacustrine reservoir, the putative source of the pathogen rhinosporidium seeberi; b) ocular coherence tomography which revealed no retinal abnormalities unlike in previous cases reported from sri lanka; c) atypical histopathology that res ...201128539772
rhinosporidiosis isolated to the distal clavicle: a rare presentation clinicoradiologically mimicking a bone tumor.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi, which commonly affects young men and predominantly involves the mucous membranes of the nose, nasopharynx and eyes. involvement of extranasal sites including bone has been reported, but rarely. we present a case of a 32-year-old farmer, who presented with a non-tender, fixed swelling over his right shoulder. radiography and ct imaging showed an expansile, lytic, destructive lesion involving the lateral end of t ...201120700736
the regional sero-epidemiology of rhinosporidiosis in sri lankan humans and animals.no data is available in the world literature on serum anti-rhinosporidial antibody levels in animals, and as far as we aware this is the first report. although rhinosporidiosis in farm and domestic animals has been widely reported from other countries, rhinosporidiosis in animals has not been reported in sri lanka, though this country has the highest world-wide prevalence of human rhinosporidiosis on a unit-population basis. serum igg titres in 6 species of sri lankan animals (buffalo, cat, catt ...201121801708
rhinosporidiosis: cutaneous manifestation.rhinosporidiosis is an infectious mucocutaneous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it is characterized by sessile or pedunculated polyps which are erythematous, moriform and friable and which mainly affect the ocular and nasal mucosa. the occurrence of skin lesions is occasional and due to dissemination from the adjacent mucosa, direct inoculation or hematogenous dissemination. the authors report the clinical case of an eight-year-old boy with an isolated lesion located in the medial epic ...201121987153
evaluation of the detection of melanin by the fontana-masson silver stain in tissue with a wide range of organisms including cryptococcus.it is not uncommon for surgical pathologists to encounter yeast and yeast-like organisms in tissue sections, and correct identification is imperative for guiding therapy. the fontana-masson silver stain for detecting melanin has been accepted as a relatively specific stain for diagnosing cryptococcosis in tissue based on few studies with limited numbers of organisms. this study was designed to test the value of the fontana-masson silver by investigating a large collection of tissues with infecti ...201122154051
disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a granulomatous disorder caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it frequently involves the nasopharynx and occasionally affects the skin. we hereby report a case of 46-year-old male who presented with multiple cutaneous plaque-like lesions with nasal obstruction. on examination, multiple cutaneous lesions were found to be present on malar aspect, infraorbital and supraorbital region, right shoulder and over the back near the tip of scapula. oral cavity revealed a polypoidal lesion ...201021814408
rhinosporidium seeberi in nasal smears. 201020949464
nasal rhinosporidiosis in humans: new interpretations and a review of the literature of this enigmatic disease.rhinosporidiosis is a disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi which primarily affects the mucosa of the nose, conjunctiva and urethra. while it is endemic in some asian regions, isolated cases are reported in other parts of the world as a result of the socio-cultural phenomenon of the migration. its manifestation is a polypoid mass growing inside the affected cavity and the only treatment is surgical excision. rhinosporidiosis is a condition which both clinicians and microbiologists should keep ...201020954821
sequence analysis of 16s rrna gene inrhinosporidium seeberi shows similarity to plant chloroplast dna.identity of causative agent of rhinosporidiosis (rhinosporidium seeberi) has been controversial since the disease was described in 1900. extensive sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses of 16s rrna gene detected recently by us in r. seeberi , revealed 99% similarity with 16s rdna in chloroplasts of flowering plants. study demonstrates r. seeberi is a pigmented prokaryote displaying some characteristics of cyanobacteria, and contains 16s rdna present in chloroplasts of all groups of land p ...201021364787
concurrent nasal adenocarcinoma and rhinosporidiosis in a cat.a 10-year-old, neutered, male domestic shorthair cat was presented to the teaching hospital for labored breathing, anorexia, and weight loss of several months duration. external examination revealed distortion of the bridge of the nose and pink fleshy polyps protruding from each nostril. the cat was euthanized and submitted for postmortem examination. in addition to the external findings, the nasal cavity had extensive bone and cartilage loss and contained a tan firm mass in the caudal region of ...201020093709
case report: telelaryngoscopy-guided flexible fiberoptic intubation for laryngeal rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease endemic in india and sri lanka. the causative microorganism, rhinosporidium seeberi, remains a poorly understood pathogen, which has been described as an aquatic protistan parasite. rhinosporidiosis presents as multiple polypoidal lesions affecting the mucosa of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. intralaryngeal rhinosporidiosis is a rare entity and poses a challenge for management of the airway. in this case report, we highlight our ...201020142337
nasal rhinosporidiosis in two dogs native to the upper mississippi river valley region.two dogs, 4 and 7 years of age, were presented for evaluation and treatment of excessive sneezing. physical examinations in both cases were within acceptable limits except for the presence of a single mass in the left nasal passage in the first case and left-sided nasal discharge in the second case. rhinoscopy was used to visualize the nasal masses, and in both cases a single mass was surgically removed. impression smears and histopathology submitted from each mass revealed lymphoplasmacytic and ...201020194369
patterns of rhinosporidiosis in sri lanka: comparison with international data.one hundred forty-three cases of rhinosporidiosis, confirmed by smear or biopsy, treated in two major general hospitals in sri lanka over a 14 year period (1995-2009) were analyzed in regard to their epidemiological, clinical, clinicopathological, immunological and microbiological features. regional variations in incidence, age and sex distribution, bathing history, and histopathology were seen. lacustrine waters were the commonest probable source of infection (84%). rivers were a source of rhin ...201020578497
primary cutaneous rhinosporidiosis diagnosed on fnac: a case report with review of literature.rhinosporidium seeberi causes granulomatous inflammation of mucocutaneous sites, presenting most frequently as polypoidal lesions in the nose. sites like the conjunctiva, trachea, nasopharnyx, skin, and genitourinary tract are less frequently involved. primary cutaneous lesion is extremely rare. we report the fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) of rhinosporidiosis occurring as a primary cutaneous lesion. fnac of polypoidal and warty skin growths on leg in a 28-year-old male revealed numerous ...200919021218
disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis: varied morphological appearances on the skin.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder caused by rhinosporidium seeberi . it frequently involves the nasopharynx and occasionally affects the skin. we report a case of 45-year-old man who had disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis with cutaneous pseudohorn, its base arising from rhinosporidiosis. the case presented with multiple reddish lesions over the nose of six years duration. in the past year, he developed skin lesions over the left arm, forearm, back, and chest. on examinati ...200919172036
fungal foes: rhinosporidium seeberi. 200919842571
rhinosporidiosis of parotid duct.rhinosporidiosis is a benign chronic granulomatous infection caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. rhinosporidiosis is endemic in south asia, notably in southern india and sri lanka. majority of the cases have been reported to occur in upper respiratory sites, notably anterior nares, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx and soft palate. only two rare cases of involvement of parotid duct, have been reported in literature. hence, this case will probably be the third to be reported.200919884731
disseminated rhinosporidiosis with unusual involvement of the nail apparatus.rhinosporidiosis is an uncommon chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it primarily affects the nasal mucosa and the nasopharynx. the disease may disseminate to the skin, larynx, trachea, genitalia, bones and even the internal organs. although simultaneous onset of nasal and disseminated lesions has been reported, dissemination usually occurs several years after the onset of nasal lesions. we report a rare case of disseminated rhinosporidiosis involving both nares, the n ...200920055857
laryngeal rhinosporidiosis in a belgian warmblood horse.in belgium and even in northern europe rhinosporidium seeberi has not been reported in autochtonous people or animals. in this paper, the authors report the first observation of laryngeal masses, caused by rhinosporidium seeberi, in a belgian warmblood horse. moreover, laryngeal rhinosporidiosis is extremely rare since this localisation is only described in four human cases.200818454748
rhinosporidiosis presenting as an urethral polyp.rhinosporidiosis is an inflammatory disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi, a protoctistan mesomycetozoa, member of a group of novel aquatic parasites, characterized by hyperplastic polypoid lesions of the nasal cavity and rarely other mucous membranes. we report an unusual presentation of rhinosporidiosis as an urethral polyp, which is only the second case of rhinosporidiosis reported from pakistan.200818541092
nasal rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a rare chronic granulomatous infection caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it affects mainly the mucosa of the nose, nasopharynx, palate, conjunctiva and the urethra. a seven-year-old girl presented with intranasal polypoid growth with recurrent nose bleeding for one year. excision biopsy was done, and the tissue was subjected to routine histological processing and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stains with additional mucicarmine special stain. variable-sized sporangia cont ...200818595574
rhinosporidiosis: gigantic cells with engulfed sporangia of rhinosporidium seeberi in the case of dermosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis in an indian male with a tumorous skin lesion is reported. histopathology from the skin lesion revealed gigantic foreign body giant cells bloated with multiple, engulfed sporangia of rhinosporidiosis, which has not been reported earlier. the term "dermosporidiosis", should be used to denote such predominant skin lesions of rhinosporidiosis.200818613875
rhiinosporidiosis - unusual presentations.rhinosporidiosis is an infection caused by rhinosporidium seeberi that frequently presents as polypoidal nasal lesions. here, we report two cases of rhinosporidiosis with unusual presentations. the first case presented in our department with chronic dacryocystitis of left side for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (endoscopic dcr) operation. the second case presented as a long hanging mass arising from the right side of nasal septum. the diagnosis was established on the morphological basis by the ...200823120527
lacrimal sac diverticulum due to rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a disease affecting primarily the mucosa of nose, conjunctiva and urethra. larynx, trachea, skin and lungs are less frequently involved. it is endemic in some asiatic regions, affecting people of any age and sex. its manifestation is a polypoid mass growing inside the affected nasal cavity and the treatment is surgical excision, with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. rhinosporidium seeberi is the aetiological agent. the lesion may recur and sometimes cause osteolytic bo ...200723120472
nasal rhinosporidiosis in a mule.a mass was removed from the nostril of a mule that exhibited unilateral epistaxis and nasal discharge. impression smears revealed oval structures consistent with spores of rhinosporidium seeberi. microscopically, the mass was composed of fibrovascular granulomatous tissue containing sporangia r. seeberi. surgical excision and antifungal treatment proved curative.200717436910
oculosporidiosis in a tertiary care hospital of western orissa, india: a case series.the authors present a case series of 54 subjects of rhinosporidium. they were reported in two years at a tertiary care hospital of western orissa. the clinically diagnosed cases by ophthalmologists were confirmed by histopathological samples following surgery. in our series, we noted rhinosporidium seeberi organisms as the main causative agent. males were affected three times more than females. children less than 10 years of age comprised more than 50% of our series. in 91% of cases, the conjunc ...200717595481
rhinosporidiosis of parotid duct: a rare case report.although rhinsporidiosis caused by rhinosporidium seeberi is known to mankind since hundred years, many aspects of this enigmatic disease have remained mysterious till date. parotid duct as a site of involvement has rarely been reported. our case interestingly presented with a cystic mass of left parotid duct accompanied by an ulcer and mucopurulent discharge was finally confirmed to be a case of rhinosporidiosis by histopathological examination.200717883056
rhinosporidiosis in raipur, chhattisgarh: a report of 462 cases.rhinosporidiosis is endemic in the state of chhattisgarh. 462 cases were encountered during the period of 12 years from january 1994 to december 2005. maximum incidence was seen in men in the age group of 21-30 years. nose and nasopharynx were the commonest site (81.1%), followed by ocular tissue (14.2%). many rare sites of involvement were encountered. seven cases of generalized rhinosporidiosis were seen. rhinosporidium seeberi could be easily identified in haematoxylin and eosin stained secti ...200718306535
metastatic rhinosporidioma in a child.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it commonly affects nasal mucosa and conjunctiva. subcutaneous disease is unusual and it is often mistaken for soft-tissue sarcoma. such tumoral rhinosporidiosis has never been reported in children. this report describes, for the first time, an 11-year-old girl who presented with nasal polyp and multiple metastatic swellings of rhinosporidial origin. fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology were diagn ...200616567209
polymorphic cutaneous rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous condition caused by rhinosporidium seeberi primarily affecting the mucosa of the nose, eyes and sinuses. the patients usually present with nasal symptoms and skin involvement is uncommon [1-3]. here, a patient with nasal rhinosporidiosis having two different morphological types of cutaneous lesions of rhinosporidiosis, coexisting at the same time and at the same site, is reported. the diagnosis was confirmed by fnac (fine needle aspiration cytology) an ...200616581576
the effects of biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants) on the endospores of rhinosporidium seeberi.no data exists on the activity of biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants) on rhinosporidium seeberi that causes rhinosporidiosis in humans and animals. on account of the inability to culture r. seeberi, in vitro, dyes were used to assess the morphological integrity and viability of biocide-treated endospores that are considered to be the infective stage of this pathogen. evan's blue (evb) identifies the morphological integrity of the endospores while mtt (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2, 5-diphe ...200616687856
rhinosporidium seeberi: a case clinically mimicking a soft tissue sarcoma. 200616879404
a new parasite that infects eggs of the mud crab, scylla serrata, in australia.the mud crab, scylla serrata, is currently being evaluated for its feasibility for mass aquaculture in australia. as part of the evaluation process, pathogens that can affect this species need to be identified. this research note describes a possible new parasite that infects the eggs of s. serrata. the parasite was discovered in two separate cases (three months apart) in a broodstock research program and appears to cause 100% egg mortality. the parasite consists of a cluster of cells with rhizo ...200616884735
human nasal rhinosporidiosis: an italian case report.rhinosporidiosis is a disease affecting primarily the mucosa of nose, conjunctiva and urethra. it is endemic in some asiatic regions, affecting people of any age and sex. its manifestation is a polypoid mass growing inside the affected cavity and the only treatment is surgical excision. rhinosporidium seeberi is the aetiological agent. many discussions arouse regarding the taxonomic classification of the microorganism, recent studies established it is an aquatic protistan parasite. the lesion ma ...200616945122
cytologic identification of immature endospores in a dog with rhinosporidiosis.an 8-year-old, intact, male labrador retriever was presented to the boren veterinary medical teaching hospital at oklahoma state university with a 2-month history of severe sneezing episodes that resulted in epistaxis and bilateral sanguineous discharge. rhinoscopy revealed a small polypoid mass, and specimens were obtained for histopathology. microscopic examination of formalin-fixed tissue specimens revealed organisms consistent with rhinosporidium seeberi. the mass was surgically excised and ...200616967425
lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a disease caused by the organism rhinosporidium seeberi, which is now believed to be a rare aquatic protistan parasite of fish. ocular rhinosporidiosis is worldwide in distribution but relatively more common in india and shrilanka. we report a retrospective case record of isolated lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis in an 8 year male child from western maharashtra. the clinical features, management and review of literature is discussed in brief.200623120364
naso-oropharyngeal rhinosporidiosis: endoscopic removal.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infestation by the fungus rhinosporidium seeberi, which predominantly affects the mucus membranes of the nose and nasopharynx. we report a case of rhinosporidiosis with presentation as an oropharyngeal mass and a discusion about its endoscopic removal.200523120221
rhinosporidiosis in egypt: a case report and review of literature.rhinosporidiosis is an infection caused by rhinosporidium seeberi that frequently presents as a polypoidal nasal lesions. here, we report the first indigenous case of tumoral rhinosporidiosis in egypt. in this case, a 25-year-old male patient from a rural background of assuit city presented with epistaxis and a nasal polyp. the patient had not traveled abroad. the diagnosis was established on the morphological basis by the identification of 5- to 10-microm endospores and 50- to 1000-microm spora ...200515770444
molecular evidence for multiple host-specific strains in the genus rhinosporidium.the taxonomic relationship of rhinosporidium seeberi with other organisms remained controversial for over a century. recently, molecular studies have shown r. seeberi to be a protistal microbe in the newly described class mesomycetozoea at the animal-fungal boundary. phylogenetic analyses of r. seeberi using 18s small-subunit (ssu) rrna genes from several hosts suggested rhinosporidium as a monotypic genus. to test this hypothesis, the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1), 5.8s, and its2 from ei ...200515815010
human anti-rhinosporidial antibody does not cause metabolic inactivation or morphological damage in endospores of rhinosporidium seeberi, in vitro.this report describes the use of the mtt-reduction and evan's blue-staining tests for the assessment of the viability and morphological integrity, respectively, of rhinosporidial endospores after exposure to sera from rhinosporidial patients with high titres of anti-rhinosporidial antibody. sera from three patients, with nasal, ocular and disseminated rhinosporidiosis respectively were used, with human serum without anti-rhinosporidial antibody for comparison, with or without added fresh guinea ...200515928415
nature and significance of the electron-dense bodies of the endospores of rhinosporidium seeberi: their reactions with mtt (3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide) and tmre (tetramethyl-rhodamine ethyl ester).the most conspicuous internal structures of the endospore of rhinosporidium seeberi are the 10-16 spherical, 1.0-1.5-microm bodies that have been termed electron-dense bodies (edb) or lipid bodies (lb); some authors have regarded them as nutritive stores of lipid or protein while others have regarded them as dna-containing, ultimate generative units of r. seeberi. the literature is reviewed as supporting either view. we report, for the first time, (i) reactions of the endospores with the salt mt ...200516010853
[mycoses of the head and neck].in recent years, mycoses have emerged as important infections in clinical practice. this phenomenon is explained by the ever growing number of immunocompromised patients and the increasing number of people travelling in areas where fungal diseases are endemic. head and neck infections are common in disseminated mycoses and may simulate carcinoma or cause upper airway obstruction. the most frequent causative yeasts or yeast-like organisms include candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, histopl ...200516142162
[mycoses of the head and neck].the ever growing number of immunocompromized patients and increasing travel to areas where fungal diseases are endemic explain why in recent years mycoses have emerged as important infections in clinical practice. it is essential that pathologists and clinicians be knowledgeable about them.200516439931
lacazia loboi and rhinosporidium seeberi: a genomic perspective.in the past five years, with the use of molecular strategies the phylogenetic affinities of the two more resilient pathogens studied in medical mycology, lacazia loboi and rhinosporidium seeberi were finally deciphered. these studies found that l. loboi was the sister taxon to paraccidioides brasiliensis, and r. seeberi was closely related to protistan spherical aquatic fish pathogens, located at the point were animals diverged from the fungi, in the class mesomycetozoea. these initial studies i ...200516499413
the pathogen of frogs amphibiocystidium ranae is a member of the order dermocystida in the class mesomycetozoea.the pathogen of frogs amphibiocystidium ranae was recently described as a new genus. due to its spherical shape, containing hundred of endospores, it was thought to be closely related to the pathogens of fish, mammals, and birds known as dermocystidium spp., rhinosporidium seeberi, and sphaerothecum destruens in the mesomycetozoea, but further studies were not conducted to confirm this relationship. to investigate its phylogenetic affinities, total genomic dna was extracted from samples collecte ...200515634971
rhinosporidiosis: what is the cause?significant advances in knowledge on rhinosporidiosis and rhinosporidium seeberi were made in 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2004. these advances are reviewed on account of the continuing sporadic occurrence of the disease universally, and because of the availability of new approaches that could resolve persisting enigmas of both the disease and its causative pathogen.200515735413
disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it frequently involves the nasopharynx and occasionally affects the skin. we herewith report a 55-year-old man who has disseminated cutaneous rhinosporidiosis. he presents with multiple reddish lesions over the nose of 10 year's duration. in the past year, he develops skin lesions over the right arm and over back. histopathological examination of the skin biopsy specimen from the representative cutaneous lesio ...200515748560
the assessment of the viability of the endospores of rhinosporidium seeberi with mtt (3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide).this report describes tests with evan's blue and mtt (3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide) for the assessment of the viability of rhinosporidial endospores. mtt stained a proportion of the spherical bodies that we regard as the electron dense bodies (edbs), and the cytoplasm of freshly prepared endospores or ones that were stored at 4 degrees. slow-freezing at -20 degrees c, exposure to 10% formalin, or 0.1% sodium azide of the endospores abolished mtt-staining in ...200415757178
an erosive mass involving the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus: rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. the disease is endemic in india, but is very rare in other countries. a review of the literature shows that our patient is the second documented case from turkey. involvement and erosion of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus as in this case is very rare. a 47-year-old-male is presented with the clinicopathological features and transmission of the disease is discussed.200416056001
ocular rhinosporidiosis.rhinosporidium seeberi, the causative organism causing rhinosporidiosis, also affects extranasal sites. a 1 5-year-old male presented with a conjunctival fleshy swelling near the inner canthus of the left eye. his visual acuity was within normal range. conjunctival papilloma was the provisional diagnosis for which he was operated on. histopathology proved to be a case of ocular rhinosporidiosis. six months follow-up of the case showed no recurrence.200415871364
anti-rhinosporidial antibody levels in patients with rhinosporidiosis and in asymptomatic persons, in sri lanka.the only report hitherto, from india in 1982, on anti-rhinosporidial antibody levels in patients with rhinosporidiosis recorded that antibody was not detected in indian patients. the present report describes the use of the dot-elisa assay of serum anti-rhinosporidial igg, igm and iga and salivary siga in patients with diverse clinical presentations, in rural asymptomatic persons who had bathed in ground waters that probably harboured the causative pathogen, rhinosporidium seeberi, and in laborat ...200415518343
lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis: a case report.rhinosporidiosis is a disease caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. it usually affects the nasal mucosa and rarely the conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, tonsils, and skin. we present a case study of an isolated lacrimal sac rhinosporidiosis in an 8-year-old girl who was a migrant from orissa, an eastern coastal state of india. the mode of presentation and management of this case with a review of literature is discussed in brief.200415547812
rhinosporidiosis presenting as recurrent nasal polyps.rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of the mucous membrane, predominantly of the nose and nasopharynx. it is uncommon in malaysia but has been seen in immigrant workers from endemic areas like india and sri lanka. a case seen in johor is reported here to highlight the need of awareness among clinicians at a time where there is increasing numbers of immigrant workers in our country. the causative organism of this disease is rhinosporidium seeberi, which is found in stagnant waters ...200314569751
lymphadenitis, trans-epidermal elimination and unusual histopathology in human rhinosporidiosis.from a study of rhinosporidial tissues of 64 human cases of ocular, urethral and nasopharyngeal disease, unusual histopathological features of 27 cases are described. histopathological evidence of lymphadenitis in rhinosporidiosis is presented for the first time. the phenomenon of 'trans-epidermal elimination' of sporangia of the causative pathogen rhinosporidium seeberi is illustrated and it is argued that this phenomenon is rather the pathogen's mechanism for endospore-dispersal than a non-spe ...200212000127
the class mesomycetozoea: a heterogeneous group of microorganisms at the animal-fungal boundary.when the enigmatic fish pathogen, the rosette agent, was first found to be closely related to the choanoflagellates, no one anticipated finding a new group of organisms. subsequently, a new group of microorganisms at the boundary between animals and fungi was reported. several microbes with similar phylogenetic backgrounds were soon added to the group. interestingly, these microbes had been considered to be fungi or protists. this novel phylogenetic group has been referred to as the drip clade ( ...200212142489
[intranasal rhinosporidiosis: presentation of the 1st case seen in the congo].rhinosporidiosis, granulomatosis affection due to rhinosporidium seeberi, is rare in africa. we report the first congolese case observed in a 37 year old adult, who presented a tumorous formation obstructing the left nasal fossa, having developed over more than 5 years, occasionally accompanied by epistaxis. diagnosis was made through an anatomo-pathological examination of the exeresis biopsy. the treatment essentially consisted in surgical tumorous exeresis, followed by electrocoagulation of th ...200212145963
recent advances in rhinosporidiosis and rhinosporidium seeberi.rhinosporidiosis and its causative pathogen rhinosporidium seeberi have been known for over a hundred years. yet unresolved enigmas in rhinosporidiosis include the mode of infection, mechanisms of spread, mechanisms of immunity, some aspects of histopathology e.g. the significance of transepidermal elimination of sporangia, the cause of the variation in cell infiltration patterns in rhinosporidial tissues and their correlations with immune status, and the absence of the splendore-hoeppli reactio ...200217657050
a molecular approach (multiplex polymerase chain reaction) for diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis.a new multiplex pcr have been developed in our laboratory using primer sets, aiming amplification of both d.n.a target fragments obtained in 18s rna of commonly encountered fungi in human being and in rhinosporidium seeberi using f1-fw/f2-rev (500 bp target) and rhino-fw/ rhino-rev (.177 bp target). this multiplex pcr has been found to be able to delect r. seeberi from clinical samples and differentiate it from other fungi. furthermore, by this multiplex pcr, r. seeberi, phylogenitically appears ...200223119907
rhinosporidiosis--a clinicopathological study of 34 cases.rhinosporidiosis was the commonest (68%) fungal lesion encountered during the period of 11 1/2 years from january 1987 to july 1998. men in 2nd, 3rd, 4th decade were commonly affected. nose and nasopharynx were the commonest (85%) sites involved followed by ocular tissue (9%). one patient had involvement of bone (tibia). generally a lymphoplasmacytic response was observed in all cases. polymorphonuclear leukocytic response mostly observed at the site of rupture of sporangia. epithelioid cell gra ...200112561989
phylogenetic analysis of lacazia loboi places this previously uncharacterized pathogen within the dimorphic onygenales.lacazia loboi is the last of the classical fungal pathogens to remain a taxonomic enigma, primarily because it has resisted cultivation and only causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infections in humans and dolphins in the new world tropics. to place it in the evolutionary tree of life, as has been done for the other enigmatic human pathogens pneumocystis carinii and rhinosporidium seeberi, we amplified its 18s small-subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna) and 600 bp of its chitin synthase-2 gene. our phy ...200111136789
rhinosporidiosis in a domestic cat.rhinosporidiosis was diagnosed in a domestic shorthair cat from a suburb of washington dc, usa. the clinical presentation of protracted sneezing and epistaxis was associated with a polypoid lesion in the right nostril. light microscopic examination revealed a polypoid lesion with numerous sporangia containing maturing endospores. free endospores were present in the stroma of the polyp and lumen of the nasal cavity. transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural features typical of rhi ...200111270402
rhinosporidiosis and peripheral keratitis.report of a case of peripheral keratitis caused by rhinosporidium seeberi. the patient was seen in a referral practice. corneal scraping was performed on a middle-aged female patient presenting with peripheral keratitis and progressive nasal obstruction that revealed spores suggestive of rhinosporidiosis. the patient was started on topical amphotericin b 0.15% eye drops. ear, nose, and throat (ent) examination showed presence of a polypoid lesion in the left nostril for which a polypectomy was p ...200111475404
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